R111path Gropp.kmz

R111path Gropp

R111-032 Khunake Small House
R111-032 Khunake Small House : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 29.453073 long 53.624747 † basis (p)
Supplement: this is the approximate location using Abbott's distances and bearing given in the reference below. It appears to be about 1.2kms NW of Khaneh-i-Kat. Google earth imagery is too poor to visually locate the caravanserai.
VARIANT names: Karavanserail Khaneh Ket , Khaneh Kird , Khunake Small House ,
SOURCE for Karavanserail Khaneh Ket
« Karavanserail Khaneh Ket (Taf. 19,1) (Abb. 5; 163) (113)Lage: 26 km östlich von Divdan und 79 km nordwest-lich von Neyriz, in + 1540 m ü.N.N., an der Straße von Shiraz nach Sirdjan und Kerman. Zwischen Khaneh Ket und Neyriz ist eine weitere Karawanenstation, etwa bei Sahl Abad (35 km östlich von Khaneh Ket) zu erwarten. 13 km östlich von Khaneh Ket stehen die Reste (114) eines wahrschein-lich sasanidischen Feuertempels (Cahartaq).Typ: Das Karavanserail Khaneh Ket ist eine Hofanlage mit zwei Iwanen und vier Stallabteilungen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne vorspringenden Por-talbau 33 × 30,50 m, Hofabmessungen 17,50 × 17 m, Gebäu-dehöhe etwa 3,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark beschädigt und partiell vollständig zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 113 Der Bau wurde am 18. 4. 1975 vermessen.fn 114 AMI N.F. 10, 1977, 232 f. [Khaneh Ket Caravanserai (Plate 19.1) (Figs. 5; 163) (113)Location: 26 km east of Divdan and 79 km northwest of Neyriz, at an elevation of 1540 m above sea level, on the road from Shiraz to Sirjan and Kerman. Another caravan station is expected between Khaneh Ket and Neyriz, near Sahl Abad (35 km east of Khaneh Ket). The remains (114) of a likely Sasanian fire temple (Cahartaq) are located 13 km east of Khaneh Ket.Type: The Khaneh Ket Caravanserai is a courtyard complex with two iwans and four stable sections. Dimensions: External dimensions without projecting gatehouse 33 × 30.50 m, courtyard dimensions 17.50 × 17 m, building height approximately 3.50 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Severely damaged and partially completely destroyed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qadjar, 19th century.fn 113 The building was surveyed on April 18, 1975.fn 114 AMI N.F. 10, 1977, 232 f.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 91
SOURCE for Khaneh Kird
« Khaneh Kird, consisting of a tower, a ruined caravanserai, and a well, occurred at the 24th mile; thence, by a gentle ascent over a hard stony road, we crossed some low hills and passed abreast of an island nearly divided in two. » #3106 Keith Edward Abbott, Geographical Notes, Taken during a Journey in Persia in 1849 and 1850, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1855 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Khunake Small House
« Von Neiriz führt eine Straße am Südrande des Neiriz-Salzsees bis nach Shiraz. An dieser Straße liegen im Abstand von jeweils 25 km safavidische Karawansarais, die aber heute fast gänzlich zerstört sind. Ich fand noch 2 Gebäude vor: 91 km von Neiriz liegt einsam die Ruine Khunake Kleines Haus (Abb. 13), ursprünglich ein Geviert von 32: 30 m Seitenlänge mit zwei Reihen Kuppelgewölben um den Mittelhof. Der Eingang ist mit kleinen Türmen versehen, in denen sich tiefe Nischen befinden. Hinter dem Tor führen Treppen zum Dach hinauf. Heute dient das Gebäude einer Hirtenfamilie als Speicher. [A road leads from Neiriz along the southern edge of the Neiriz Salt Lake to Shiraz. There are Safavid caravanserais on this road, each 25 km apart, but they are now almost completely destroyed. I found two more buildings: 91 km from Neiriz is the lonely ruin of Khunake Small House (Fig. 13), originally a square with sides 32:30 m long with two rows of domed vaults around the central courtyard. The entrance has small towers with deep niches. Behind the gate, stairs lead up to the roof. Today the building serves as a storehouse for a shepherd family.] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 197

R111-033 Djahanabad
R111-033 Djahanabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3067466 coordinate: lat 29.45141 long 53.433975
NIMA/GNS names: Divdan , Jahanabad , Jahanabad-e Divdan , Mohammadabad , جهان آباد , دیودان , محمد آباد ,
VARIANT names: Djahanabad , Jahanabad ,
SOURCE for Djahanabad
« In der Entfernung von 25 km liegt der Ort Djahanabad. Er ist offenbar um die Keim- zelle eines Karawansarais herum erbaut. Dieser Bau bestand aus einem äußeren Ge- viert aus einzelnen Räumen, die sich zu einer Galerie hin öffneten, die sich um den Mittelhof legt. Da alle Räume und der Gang mit Häcksel und Korn gefüllt waren und die Außenmauern als Rückseite angrenzender Häuser dienten, konnte ich dieses Kara- wansarai nicht aufmessen.Nach 14 km erreicht man den Ort Kharame. [The town of Djahanabad is 25 km away. It is evidently built around the nucleus of a caravanserai. This building consisted of an outer square made up of individual rooms that opened onto a gallery that surrounds the central courtyard. Since all the rooms and the corridor were filled with chaff and grain and the outer walls served as the back of adjacent houses, I was unable to measure this caravanserai.After 14 km you reach the town of Kharame.] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 197
SOURCE for Jahanabad

R111-031 Neiriz
R111-031 Neiriz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3076911 coordinate: lat 29.1988 long 54.3278
NIMA/GNS names: Neyriz , Niriz , نیریز ,
VARIANT names: Narezzash , Nayriz , Neiriz , Neris , Neyriz , Niriz ,
SOURCE for Narezzash
« For the Achaemenid period, we must remember that the identification of Niriz with the Narezzash of the Persepolis Fortification tablets is not in doubt (Hallock, 1969, p. 737, s.v. Narezzash). The importance of the region increases if, as W. Henkelman suggests (2003, 159-162), Narezzash was the place of the shumar (probably tomb, memorial) of Cambyses, Cyrus’ son. » #3366 Rémy Boucharlat, Eastern Fars a Poorly Explored Region of Great Archaeological Potential Special edition of Farr-e Firouz in Honor of Dr. Firouz Bagherzadeh, 2019 ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Nayriz
« Nayriz VI D4 Id Iran Nähiya (territoire) de la circonscription de Darābagird et son chef-lieu Ι 108, 134, Η 268, 288, Hur 46, F 203, Muq 421, 423, 429, 443, 448, 452, 455 Yaq IV, 856-57, LS 289-90, Schw 105 » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Neiriz
« Von Neiriz führt eine Straße am Südrande des Neiriz-Salzsees bis nach Shiraz. An dieser Straße liegen im Abstand von jeweils 25 km safavidische Karawansarais, die aber heute fast gänzlich zerstört sind. [A road leads from Neiriz along the southern edge of the Neiriz Salt Lake to Shiraz. Safavid caravanserais are located along this road at intervals of 25 km, but they are now almost completely destroyed.] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 197
SOURCE for Neris
« Neris » in {map#1363 in #3538 Captain H. E. Wells, Surveying Tours in Southern Persia, Proceedings of the royal geographical society, London, vol. 5:no. 3:pp. 138-163 ~ fig. map to accompany article}
SOURCE for Neyriz
« Neyriz - Attestations: In the inscription of Shapur I at Ka'ba Zardusht, there is a reference to the šahrāb of Neyriz (ŠKZ, line 50) (106). According to this inscription, Neyriz may have been a separate province (šahr) during the early Sasanian period, attached to Darabgerd as early as the late 4th century, when the DA mint signature was recorded on coins, while there exists no mint signature that can be identified with Neyriz. Alternatively, Darabgerd may have been referred to as Neyriz in this early Sasanian period inscription, with its name being changed to Darabgerd before the late 4th century. - Identification: The modern town of Neyriz is located about 288 km east of Shiraz.
#2877 Negin Miri, Historical Geography of Fars during the Sasanian Period, e-Sasanika, 2009, 10: ~ p. 26
« Neyriz itself is a poor town, containing about 1500 families, including those of its three adjacent forts. It occupies a consider- able space with its gardens and houses in a corner of the plain near mountains, and on the south-eastern extremity of the lake, from which it is distant about 7 miles. In some of our maps it is erroneously placed on the northern shore. Its bazar possesses some forty or fifty shops and three caravanserais, but the former are of the meanest description. Though this place is on the high- road between Shiráz and Kermán, such is the limited nature of the traffic between the two places that we had not encountered a single caravan in all the distance between Sirjan and Neyriz. » #3106 Keith Edward Abbott, Geographical Notes, Taken during a Journey in Persia in 1849 and 1850, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1855 ~ p. 71
SOURCE for Niriz
« At 13¼ miles from Niriz (stage 1), where the road debouches
on to the Istehbānāt valley, it passes through a narrow defile, formed by the bed of a stream, where the water has cut a passage through a mass of rock. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 158
« Niriz with its belt of almond plantations and fruit gardens, set between a semicircle of utterly barren mountains and the wide salt-encrusted bed of its great dried-up lake, from a distance presented the picture of a true Central Asian oasis. What cultivation there is to the N. and NW. on the flat expanse descending towards the lake basin, which now rarely holds any water, depends wholly on qanāt irrigation. This may explain why, in spite of repeated inquiries and search, no prehistoric remains could be traced in the neighbourhood.Niriz is duly mentioned by the early Arab geographers, and Muqaddasi among them notes the mineral contents of its mountains to the NE. They may yet some day give importance to the place which at present counts among its main resources its produce of almonds and raisins. Ibn-al-Balkhi's brief account mentions the abundance of grapes, and shows that both Niriz and Katrü were in his time included in the Shabankāreh chiefship. » #3162 Aurel Stein, An Archaeological Tour in the Ancient Persis, British Institute for the Study of Iraq, 1935 ~ p. 204

R111-034 Kharame
R111-034 Kharame : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3070916 coordinate: lat 29.498959 long 53.311989
NIMA/GNS names: Karameh , Kharameh , Kherameh , خرامه ,
VARIANT names: Karameh , Kharame , Kheiromeh ,
SOURCE for Karameh
SOURCE for Kharame
« Nach 14 km erreicht man den Ort Kharame. Er liegt auf einem Tepe und hat ein mit siebeneckigen Halbtürmen bewehrtes monumentales [After 14 km you reach the village of Kharame. It is situated on a tepe and has a monumental fortified with heptagonal half-towers.] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 197
SOURCE for Kheiromeh
« Afterwards the road led a little to the S. of that point until towards the end of the 47th mile, when we alighted at the large village Kheiromeh, after being 10 hours in the saddle. The distance is called 12 fursacks. » #3106 Keith Edward Abbott, Geographical Notes, Taken during a Journey in Persia in 1849 and 1850, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1855 ~ p. 75

R111-035 Dudadj
R111-035 Dudadj : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Dodej , Dowdej , Dudeh , Dudej , Duder , Qal`eh Dudij , دودج ,
VARIANT names: Dodej , Du Deh , Dudadj ,
SOURCE for Dodej
SOURCE for Du Deh
« The 24th mile brought us near the village Du Deh, and soon afterwards we came to a tract of turf, moist and boggy, and intersected by small deep streams. The country here is studded with wells, the water of which is raised for irrigation. » #3106 Keith Edward Abbott, Geographical Notes, Taken during a Journey in Persia in 1849 and 1850, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1855 ~ p. 77
SOURCE for Dudadj
« Dudadj is 38 km from Kharame and also has a monumental gate to the Qal'a, this time with round towers. Here too there are lion sculptures in the cemetery (Table 97. 3). [Dudadj is 38 km from Kharame and also has a monumental gate to the Qal'a, this time with round towers. Here too there are lion sculptures in the cemetery (Table 97. 3).] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 197

R111-036 Dindarlu
R111-036 Dindarlu : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Dindarlu , دیندارلو ,
VARIANT names: Dindarlu ,
SOURCE for Dindarlu
« Dindarlu, 35 km von Shiraz entfernt, liegt auf einem großen prähistorischen Sied- lungshügel. [Dindarlu, 35 km from Shiraz, is located on a large prehistoric settlement mound.] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 197

R111-037 Shiraz
R111-037 Shiraz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chimaz , Chiraz , Schiras , Shiraz , Siraz , شیراز ,
VARIANT names: Chiras , Chiraz , Chyraz , Giras , Giraz , Schiras , Sciras , Sciraz , Scyras , Sehiras , Shira-its-tsi-ish , Shirass , Shiraz , Siras , Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz , Širaz , Sjiraas , Sjiraas , Stadt Siraes , Syras , Xiras , Xiraz , Zjie-raes ,
SOURCE for Chiras
« dinge alle de omleggende vlekken hooren, en daarvan hij in Chiras aan den gouverneur reekeningh doen moet, [let all the destroyers hear the things, and he must give an account of them to the governor in Chiras,] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 74
« Le 17, j'arrivai à Chiras, foible et défait, [On the 17th, I arrived in Chiras, weak and defeated,] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 90
« Je n'ai point voulu marquer par le compas la route que je tenois , jour par jour, d'Ispalian à Chiras, car c'est presque la même chose chaque jour ; [I did not want to mark with the compass the route I took, day by day, from Ispalian to Chiras, because it is almost the same thing every day;] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 241
SOURCE for Chiraz
« ITINÉRAIRE DE CHIRAZ A SIRAF. De Chiraz à Kafra كفرة village 15 milles.?? » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 1 p. 400
SOURCE for Chyraz
« Chyraz » in {map#1255 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / dressée par P. Lapie... ; gravée par Blondeau..., , 1810, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE C-10435}
« Chyraz » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
« Arrivé à la porte de Chyraz, un individu préposé à je ne sais quoi se jeta sur Alawerdi et le secoua avec violence; on lui demanda 2 krowns, je ne sais à quel titre. Alawerdi résista, mais le préposé s'empara du fusil qu'il portait en bandoulière. Je le laissai faire, bien persuadé que j'en obtiendrais raison. Je fus d'abord à la douane où je déposai mes effets qui furent culbutés,, Dieu sait comme! et me rendis ensuite chez le nabab où je retrouvai mon logement. [Arriving at the gate of Chyraz, an individual in charge of I don't know what threw himself on Alawerdi and shook him violently; he was asked for 2 krowns, I don't know for what reason. Alawerdi resisted, but the attendant grabbed the rifle he was carrying across his shoulder. I let him do it, fully convinced that I would get his way. I first went to customs where I deposited my belongings which were overturned, God knows how! and then went to the nawab where I found my accommodation.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 603
SOURCE for Giras
« GIRAS, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Relações Anais]. [GIRAS, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Annals].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. D-N p. 85
SOURCE for Giraz
« From there they will go to the city of Vargim, and from there to the city of Giraz » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 249
SOURCE for Schiras
« Le seizième de mars à huit heures du matin, je partis de Schiras, et après six heures de marche dans la plaine, qui cesse d'être fertile à une lieue de la ville, [On the sixteenth of March at eight o'clock in the morning, I left Schiras, and after six hours of walking in the plain, which ceases to be fertile a league from the town,] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 310
« J'arrivay à Schiras ſur les fix heures du ſoir ; [I arrived at Shiras around six o'clock in the evening;] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 656
« La Ville de Schiras, où nous arrivames enfin le 4 de Mars, n'eſt qu'à 1 mille de Tſchinar Raddar vers l'Eſt. Nous employames donc dixhuit jours, pour faire le Voyage d'Abuſchäbhr à Schiras, au lieu que fans cela, quelqu'un peut facilement faire ce Voyage en fix jours. La cauſe que nous étions fi longtems en chemin, n'étoit pas ſeulement le mauvais tems et le détour par Kormudſch, mais que la plus part des Marchandises de notre Kaffle, n'étoient chargées que fur des mauvais Anes, qui ne pouvoient faire que de petites journées. [The city of Shiras, where we finally arrived on March 4th, is only one mile east of Tſchinar Raddar.
It therefore took us eighteen days to make the journey from Abuſschäbhr to Shiras, whereas someone could easily make this journey in ten days. The reason we were so long on the road was not only the bad weather and the detour via Kormudſsh, but also that most of the goods in our wagon were loaded only onto poor donkeys, which could only travel for short periods.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 91
SOURCE for Sciras
« . Egli, mentre facemmo dimora a Sciras, non volle che noi ſpendeſsimo, per non offender le leggi dell'oſpitalità; [While we were staying in Sciras, he did not want us to spend money so as not to offend the laws of hospitality; ] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p.263
SOURCE for Sciraz
« Fatta poi notte, di nuovo ci rimettemmo alla via; e il mercoledi, ventidue di giugno, camminate pian piano e molto adagio le due o tre sole leghe che restavano infin alla città di Sciraz, non prima dell'alba ci arrivamnto. [Then when night fell, we set off again; and on Wednesday, the twenty-second of June, you walked slowly and very slowly the only two or three leagues that remained until the city of Sciraz, arriving there not before dawn.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 362
« A due o tre ore di notte facemmo di nuovo levata, e dopo aver camminato tutto il resto della notte, il sabbato, sedici di ottobre, fatte le sci altre leghe che sole restavano a giorno chiaro, levato già il sole, arrivammo ai giardini di Sciraz, la qual città è situata pur in un bel piano circondato quasi d'ogn'intorno da monti, [At two or three o'clock in the morning we rose again, and after having walked all the rest of the night, on Saturday, the sixteenth of October, having skied the other leagues that were left in the light of day, the sun having already risen, we arrived at the gardens of Sciraz, which city is situated on a beautiful plain surrounded almost on all sides by mountains,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 265
SOURCE for Scyras
« Het Landt roudtom Scyras is seer buchtbaar; maar boven al in Wijngaarden/die den Wijn voastrengen / welke dosz geheel Perfien, en selfs daar bupten / voor den besten van de ge heele Werelt gehouden. werdt / zijnde noch geuriger/ krachti ger/en forter als de Canarie-Sck. [The Land of Scyras is very famous; but above all in Vineyards / that supply the Wine / which are entirely Perfian, and even there / held for the best in the entire World. was / being neither more fragrant / more powerful / and stronger than the Canarie-Sck.] » #3243 Jan Janszoon Struys, Drie aanmerkelijke en seer rampspoedige Reysen, Meurs, 1677 ~ p. 354
SOURCE for Sehiras
« Having view'd these Antiquities, which with those of Derbent, were all we met with in our Travels, I prosecuted my jour|ney the 28. of Ianuary, and got that day ten Leagues, to the City of Sehiras. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Shira-its-tsi-ish
see source « Syras »
SOURCE for Shirass
« Dined here and went away for Shirass, being 5 farsangs, bad way up hills and down ; about the middle of the way in a fine plain is a good caravensaroy. Arrjved at Shirass at 8 at night. 21st [February], being Sunday. Went away for Bobbahodge. 9 farsangs good way . » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Shiraz
« This route passed Tarom, Forgh, Rustak, Darab, Darakan, Fasa, Sarvestan and then Shiraz, and from there onwards to Isfahan. This was the normal trade route prior the reign of Shah `Abbas I (1587-1629) . » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 252 and #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 67
« 24th February, Khan-i-Zanyan, 3 farsakhs ; 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. 25th February, Shiraz, 8 farsakhs ; 5.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Next morning early, we saddled our horses for Shiraz. We had thirty-two miles to march, and the road, winding among bare mountain-tops, proved less interesting than any stage since Burazjan. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 45
« next night pitching a farfangh ſhort of Shiraz; where we expected a ceremonious entrance » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 132
« Hastening on towards Shiráz, I met a line inspector on tour, Mr Jefferies, who informed the that there was a riot taking place in the capital of Fárs. Accordingly, with very brief visits to the stupendous monuments of Persepolis, which I fortunately was able to examine carefully five years later, marched rapidly on, and being warned to avoid the town, proceeded to the beautiful Telegraph Garden, where I was most hospitably received by Dr Scully, the entertainer of almost every European traveller in Persia. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 80-81
« and thence in 5 leagues to the city of Shiraz. Total: from Yazdi-khwāst to Shiraz 44 leagues, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
« Further on, we passed the fine tomb of Shah Ameer Hamza, son of the Imaum Moosa; and crossing a bridge over the dry bed of a river, we entered Shiraz before dark. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 287
« Although the city is the capital of the historic province of Fars and by right of inheritance the successor to the glory of Persepolis, the claim which Shiraz can make to eminence by reason of antiquity is not comparable with that of either Hamadan or Rei in Media of old. The general location of the city, it is true, is probably an ancient one, as shown by the vestiges of Achsemenian and Sasanian ruins in the vicinity, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 324
SOURCE for Siras
« The 24th daye about 12 a clok att night we did sett out of the citie of Siras, comonly called by the inhabitans Shiras, and traveling over theplayne, » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p.78
« In our Stay here we had Opportunity to observe Siras, not only by Fame, but indeed to be, second to none, except the Royal City, in the whole Empire: » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 211
« Siras (Shirāz) for each carga half a mahmudi as in Lār » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321
SOURCE for Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz
« fn. 30. Bembo gives three spellings for Shiraz: "Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz." Persepolis is 80 km north of Shiraz. The plain to which Bembo refers is Marv Dasht, and he gives the name "Mircascun" to the town of Zargan. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 298
SOURCE for Širaz
« Širāz VI C4
Id Iran
Métropole (misr) de la province du Fāris et circonscription
IV 391 » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 58
SOURCE for Sjiraas
« Den 11. dito na 2 mylen, aan de voor aan in Sjiraas gelegene Tsaarbag, daar van velen verwelkomt wierd. [The 11th ditto after 2 miles, at the front of Tsarbag located in Shiraas, where many were welcomed.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
« Den 7. dito vertrokken wy van Sjiraas, hadden een goeden weg, en rondom ons veel dorpen. [On the 7th we left Shiraas, had a good road, and many villages around us.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263
« Den 6. dito wierd zyn. Ed: door eenige Armeniers bezogt, door hen met eenige tafel-vrugten beichonken, en 's namiddags door deneerſten ſchryver des Viziers verzogt, om op te zitten, weshalven zyn ed: na Sjiraas vertrok, [On the 6th his Ed: was visited by some Armenians, by whom he was refreshed with some table fruits, and in the afternoon he was requested by the chief scribe of the Vizier to sit on, wherefore his Ed: departed after Sjiraas,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274
SOURCE for Stadt Siraes
« 7 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 384
« 23 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361
SOURCE for Syras
« Persia alla via di levante (A levante, ove prima si trova la città de Syras la quale) li..20., ha populo inumerabile, mercadanti assaissimi, perchè tutti i mercadanti che vengono da le parte di sopra, cioè da Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) e da li in suso (volendo vegnir per la via de la Persia) passano per Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarcanda, la principale città della Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, che Enrico III di Castiglia aveva inviato come ambasciatore a Timur nel 1405, ci ha lasciato una descrizione di Samarcanda quale era ai suoi tempi; cfr. la sua opera Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrariamente a quanto comunemente si crede, Shiraz è una città molto antica. Poco dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, G. Cameron scopri a Persepoli alcune tavolette in lingua elamita, recanti dettagli sulle paghe degli operai ivi impegnati nella costruzione del palazzo di Dario; su una di tali tavolette compare il nome di Shiraz, sotto la forma Shira-its-tsi-ish. Si ha così la prova che la città esisteva già nel periodo degli Achemenidi. In quel tempo, tuttavia, essa era messa in ombra da Persepoli. Sotto i Sasanidi Shiraz fu capitale dell'Ardashir Khurreh, uno dei cin- que distretti in cui era divisa la provincia del Färs. ... [Persia on the eastern road (To the east, where first is the city of Syras which) li..20., has an innumerable population, very many merchants, because all the merchants who come from the upper parts, that is from Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) and from there upwards (wanting to come by the road to Persia) pass through Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarkand, the principal city of Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, whom Henry III of Castile had sent as ambassador to Timur in 1405, has left us a description of Samarkand as it was in his time; cf. his work Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrary to popular belief, Shiraz is a very ancient city. Shortly after the Second World War, G. Cameron discovered in Persepolis some tablets in the Elamite language, containing details of the wages of the workers employed there in the construction of the palace of Darius; on one of these tablets the name of Shiraz appears, in the form Shira-its-tsi-ish. This is evidence that the city already existed in the period of the Achaemenids. At that time, however, it was overshadowed by Persepolis. Under the Sassanids Shiraz was the capital of Ardashir Khurreh, one of the five districts into which the province of Färs was divided. ...] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 142
SOURCE for Xiras
« A 24, vispera de Sancta Catalina martir, despues de auer enuiado delante muy de mañana el Enbaxador su rrecamara y todas las demas cargas, le vinieron á dar auiso como le querian ya salir á reçibir de Xiras, [On the 24th, the eve of Sancta Catalina martyr, after the Enbaxador had sent his chamber and all the other loads in front of him very early in the morning, they came to inform him how they wanted him and to leave to receive Xiras,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 332
« A 5 de Abril, en la tarde, salio el Enbaxador de Xiras, dexando algunos criados suyos con mas de çiento y çinquenta cargas de la pimienta que se lleuaua al rey de Persia, [On April 5th, in the afternoon, the Ambassador of Xiras left, leaving some of his servants with more than one hundred and fifty loads of pepper that he was taking to the King of Persia.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 367
SOURCE for Xiraz
« XIRAZ, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [João de Barros-Da Asia). [XIRAZ, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [João de Barros-From Asia).] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. O-Z p. 287
SOURCE for Zjie-raes
« arriv?mes à minuit au Caravanserai de Babbahad-jie, à 5. lieuës de Zjie-raes. [and arrived at midnight at the Caravanserai of Babbahad-jie, 5 leagues from Zjie-raes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 312

R111-024 Khafr : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Khafr , Shahr Khafr , Shahr-e Khafr , Shahr-e Khezr , شهر خضر ,
VARIANT names: Çafhra , Cafre , Caifer , Cawger , Chafer , Chaffer , Chaffert , Chafr (Jesa) , Cossir , dorp Gaffer , Gaffer , Ghor , Gossaw , Käfer , Kafre , Khabr , Khafr , Khafro ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Khafr FOR Vnghea [], POSSIBLE LOCATION at Khafr FOR Safra [PBR], POSSIBLE LOCATION at Khafr FOR Habr [PBR],
SOURCE for Çafhra
« This small town Çafhra is called Zafarābād (71) in the Arabic tongue, which means “fair” or “market.” (72) Not far off is the Sivan River, which the locals divert into channels and ditches to irrigate their gardens and fields.At sundown we reached the caravanserai, which resembled the one we had left that morning. It was 400 [fol. 222v] [margin: paces] from the city and its gardens, and there were two small Turkmen dawārs next to it.
fn. 71 This location seems a better fit than Khafr, proposed by Loureiro et al., Anotações e estudos, 24.
fn. 72 This comment by Silva y Figueroa is puzzling, since Arabic zafra is the feminine form of an adjective meaning “yellow.”
fn. 73 In the MS, Zafarābād is given as Çafhra or Çafra, a homonym of Zafra (Extremadura); Silva y Figueroa also spells the name of his native city Çafhra. »
#2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 330
« Entre este amenissimo bosque estan çien casillas, pocas mas ó menos, con una hermosa y antiquisima mezquita, cuya pequeña poblacion en lengua arabiga llaman Çafhra, que significa lo mesmo que feria ó mercado, corriendo muy çerca della el rrio Siuan, de donde sacan los moradores muchas açequias y canales de agua para regar sus jardines y sementeras. A puesta de sol se llegó al carauasar, que es como del que se salio aquella mañana, apartado quatroçientos pasos del lugar y sus jardines, junto al qual auia dos pequeños aduares de turcomanes. [Among this very pleasant forest there are a hundred squares, a few more or less, with a beautiful and ancient mosque, whose small town in the Arabic language is called Çafhra, which means the same as a fair or market, the Siuan River running very close to it, from where they take the inhabitants many ditches and water channels to water their gardens and fields. At sunset we reached the carauasar, which is like the one we left that morning, four hundred steps away from the place and its gardens, next to which there were two small Turkmen customs houses.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 321
SOURCE for Cafre
« On the 18th the journey was through countryside full of barley and rice. The ground was low, and there was plenty of water. Along the road I saw some tombs here and there with the remains of destroyed towns. At the 9th hour of the night we stopped in a caravanserai called Shahre Khafr. A Frenchman arrived there after midday on the 19th. He was on horseback and dressed in European fashion and had with him a chapar and a Persian servant with two pieces of luggage. He came to greet me and told me that he was coming from Bandar 'Abbas, where he had been on business for his company and that he was going to Shiraz and from there to Isfahan. He wanted to continue the journey with me, and I was glad of it. Meanwhile, we went together to see the town. We entered a garden full of fruit and ate to our satisfaction. When we left, the gardener was happy with a small remuneration. As we went through the town, we were asked to enter the houses of those natives to visit their sick, as happens in Turkey. Certainly he who knows medicine and the language would be of great use there and ncould also enjoy the trip. At suppertime I invited the Frenchman to eat with me. He seemed to be a polite and discreet person, and his name was Monsieur Pierre Monfere. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ pp. 296-7
SOURCE for Caifer
« This Valley led us to Caifer (5), some Five Pharsangs, a Village blest with all Fruits Persia glories in, but above all, the choicest Oranges; fn. 5 Khafre of Wilson's map, lying, as Fryer says, between two ranges of hills- Kuh-i-Gushtasib and Kuh-i-Safidar. "I slept at an Inn built in an octagonal form, a good Legue from the River, with several villages between. The name of the Inn is Kaffer" (Tavernier, 251). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 206
SOURCE for Cawger
« The third day we came to Cawger, and the same day at night we payed a Best upon every Bar. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 461
SOURCE for Chafer
« we arrived at a fair large Kervanʃeray, called Kervanʃeray Chafer, from the name of a Village cloſe by it, on the River-fide, which at this place is dwindled away almost to nothing, this is a great Village, and nothing to be ſeen in it but Gardens » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 128
SOURCE for Chaffer
« The 27th daye we traveled 7 lges. of very craggi and vneven waye. We picht in a caravanserow wthin a furlong of a litle towne called Chaffer [Kafr]. This towne standeth between two hilles wch lyeth on from the other a leauge or ther- aboutes. Here is good water and store of date trees. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 79
SOURCE for Chaffert
« Wy reden voorby een Karrawanſera, genaamd Chaffert, [We passed by a Karrawanſera named Chaffert,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263
SOURCE for Chafr (Jesa)
« den 10. Dez. in 11 Stunden, von 2 Uhr nachts bis 1 Uhr mittags, gereist 7 Farsach zur Karawan- serei Olkä und dem Dorf Chafr, jetzt Jesa genannt. [On December 10th, in 11 hours, from 2 a.m. to 1 a.m., 7 Farsach traveled to the Olka caravanserai and the village of Chafr, now called Jesa.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 111
SOURCE for Cossir
« August 22. We rose from Dottiuan, and passing by Cossir, lodged at Agatakee. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 207
SOURCE for dorp Gaffer
« 20 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361
SOURCE for Gaffer
« van noden was te dragen) verselt met den schout van 't dorp Gaffer (1) fn. 1 Kafr (Siinla kaart.) Fryer heeft Caifer; hij teekent aan, dat hier de teelt van den dadelpalm eindigt. [of necessities) was hired with the sheriff of the village of Gaffer (1) fn. 1 Kafr (Siinla card.) Fryer has Caifer; he notes that the cultivation of the date palm ends here.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 73
« Gaffer (Khafr) for each carga half a mahmudi for rāhdāri as in Lär, but a small pres- ent would have the same effect. » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321
SOURCE for Ghor
« Après une traire de 7. lieues nous arrivi mes au village de Ghor, à une lieue de la petite ville de Nathans. [After a journey of 7 leagues we arrived at the village of Ghor, one league from the small town of Nathans.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 183
SOURCE for Gossaw
« About 12 at night sett out for Gossaw, 7½ farsangs, bad stoney way, but no mountain to pass. Past by Piraw, 5 farsangs to this place; here is a good Caravensaroy. Arrived here the 23rd about 11 forenoon.
note: Diary of 22 February 1707/8.
Gossaw. This place, called Cossir by Hedges (I, 207) and Chasor by Thévenot (Pt. II, 128), seems to be identical with the Caifer of Fryer, the Khafri of Wilson's map (Fryer, II, 206, n. 4), and the Kafer of Rennell's Map of Western Asia (1831). Khafr lies about 9 miles WNW. from Asmângird. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 41 and 47
SOURCE for Käfer
« Je terminai ma traite à un autre caravanserai,nommé Kafer (2), qui est situé vis-à-vis d'unbeau village de quelque cent maisons, mais qu'onprend de loin pour une petite ville à cause dugrand nombre de ses jardins. fn. 2 Le käravansérây de Käfer et le village qui en dépend sont situés dans un pays charmant. La description qu'en donne Chardin est pleinement justifiée par celles de Thévenot, tom. IV, p. 447, et de Fryer, New account of East India and Persia, etc. p. 244. [I finished my milking at another caravanserai, named Kafer (2), which is located opposite a beautiful village of about a hundred houses, but which from a distance is taken for a small town because of the large number of its gardens. fn. 2 The käravanséray of Käfer and the village which depends on it are located in a charming country. The description given by Chardin is fully justified by those of Thévenot, tom. IV, p. 447, and Fryer, New account of East India and Persia, etc. p. 244.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 461
SOURCE for Kafre
« à peu de dis- tance est celui de Kâfre, que nous atteignons à une heure après-midi. [At a short distance is that of Kâfre, which we reach at one o'clock in the afternoon.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 458
SOURCE for Khabr
« Beyond Kuvar, also on the left bank of the river Sakkân, is the town of Khabr, noted for the tomb of Said, brother of Hasan-al-Basri, the theologian. Mustawfi states that Khabr was larger than Kuvar, and that near by was the famous castle of Tir-i-Khuda, 'God's Arrow,' so called from its inaccessibility, for it stood on a hill-top, so that no human arrow could attain it. » #895 Le Strange, G., The lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia from the Moslem conquest to the time of Timur., Cambridge University Press, London, 1905, ~ p. 253
« Khabr (3). A medium-sized town, larger than Kavär, with a temperate climate; its water is wholesome. Its lands produce desert-wheat, also the fruits of both the hot and the cold region in excellent quality. It has a strong castle which is known as Tir-i-Khuda (God's Arrow), and game both of the mountain and the plain is found here. fn. 3 Modern Khafr. The Castle of God's Arrow according to the Fürs Namak was near Khayrah. » #1764 trans. G. Le Strange, The Geographical Part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub¯ Composed by Hamd-Allāh Mustawfi of Qazwin in 740 (1340), Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ 115
« Khabr (of Ardashir Khurrah) - Attestations: Khabr (town?) was located in Ardashir Khurrah according to Mādigān i Hezār Dādistān (MHD 78. 13) (78). The MHD (MHD A19.13-16) includes a phrase that implies that Khabr and Kovar were close to each other. The paragraph reads as follows: "In one place it is written, that if he declares this: 'if I do not depart to Kovar and Khabr on the day Ormizd, I shall give thirty dirhams', then if he departed to Kovar or to Khabr, he is not obliged to pay thirty dirhams". - Identification: The town and district of Khabr of Ardashir Khurrah was also recorded by an Islamic geographer (79). The modern village of Shahr-e Khafr (Town of Khafr) is located about 50 km to the southeast of Kovar, east of Firuzabad.
fn. 79 Istakhri: 120; Ibn-e Howqal: 275 »
#2877 Negin Miri, Historical Geography of Fars during the Sasanian Period, e-Sasanika, 2009, 10: ~ p. 20
SOURCE for Khafr
« Rivadaneyra continuing his journey from Firūzābād to Darab crossed the river by a ford between the villages of Tadwān and "Assun-Dscherd" (Asmängird?). He also admires the pleasant and flourishing aspect of Khafr. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 6 p. 384
« The 27th daye we traveled lges. of very craggi and vneven waye. We picht in a caravanserow wthin a furlong of a litle towne called Chaffer [Kafr]. This towne standeth between two hilles weh lyeth on from the other a leauge or theraboutes. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p. 79
« At right of the 6 miles the village of Khafr is passed, ½ a mile to the E. of the road in a small valley. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 179
« (20) tο Khafr 8 farsakhs. A hamlet of date-palms where araq of Portuguese grapes is made. It is a bad road.is passed. At 3 leagues Tarsu [? sic), 2 leagues off the road. A large river is is passed. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 notes
« Le dix-neuvième, je fus à chevalà quatre heures du matin, et marchai le long du vallon rempli de plusieurs villages, et que la même rivière dont je viens de parler rend assez fertile. Sur les huit heures je m'arrêtai à un carvansera bati en octogone, qui est à une grande lieue de la rivière, et dans cet espace il y a quelques villages. Le carvansera se nomme Khafr. [On the nineteenth, I mounted my horse at four o'clock in the morning and rode along the valley, which is dotted with several villages and made quite fertile by the same river I just mentioned. Around eight o'clock, I stopped at a caravanserai built in the shape of an octagon, about a league from the river, and within this area are several villages. The caravanserai is called Khafr.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 311
SOURCE for Khafro
« Khafro » in {map#1203 in #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.) 31:2:152-69 ~ fig. Country between Bandar Abbas abd Siraz}

R111-025 Fasa : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Fasa , Fassa , فسا ,
VARIANT names: Fasa , Fazza , Fessa , Paça , Passà ,
SOURCE for Fasa
« This route passed Tarom, Forgh, Rustak, Darab, Darakan, Fasa, Sarvestan and then Shiraz, and from there onwards to Isfahan. This was the normal trade route prior the reign of Shah `Abbas I (1587-1629) . » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 252 and #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 67
« 25 mai. Nous traversâmes une basse montagne, puis une plaine bien arrosée, où il y a des cultures assez nombreuses en céréales, et çà et là plusieurs petits villages. Nous en trouvâmes un, aux trois quarts ruiné, puis nous arrivâmes à Fása, ville de moyenne grandeur. A Darap, on voyait encore quelques Palmiers; ici ils ont entièrement disparu. [May 25. We crossed a low mountain, then a well-watered plain, where there are quite numerous cereal crops, and here and there several small villages. We found one, three-quarters ruined, then we arrived at Fása, a medium-sized town. In Darap, we still saw a few palm trees; here they have completely disappeared. ] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 600
SOURCE for Fazza
« Nous voyons un chemin qui conduit à Fazza, bourg à douze farsengs N. E. de Djaroûn, et chef-lieu d'un district de ce nom. [We see a path leading to Fazza, a town twelve farsengs NE of Djaroûn, and capital of a district of that name.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 456
SOURCE for Fessa
« We reached Fessa, after performing what is called 11 fursacks, or 38½ miles, but which, I think, does not exceed 9 fursacks, or 31½ miles. The plain extends in length E. and W., and may be about 7 miles in breadth. Fessa itself, which is merely a large village of some 900 families, with a detached mud fort and some pleasant gardens, stands in the midst of it towards its western extremity » #3038 Keith E. Abbott, Notes Taken on a Journey Eastwards from Shiráz to Fessá and Darab, Thence Westwards by Jehrúm to Kazerún, in 1850, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, London, 1857 ~ p. 153
SOURCE for Paça
« On the 3rd of June (3) they set out and went to sleep two leagues a day, and the next day they walked eight leagues and the next day they walked six, and they arrived at a large place called Paça, with many crops; and following their path through these places they arrived at a field by a river with salt water, where the wife of Braym Beça was staying: the » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970 ~ pp. 41-2
SOURCE for Passà
« Il venerdi poi, che era il diciassette di giugno, uscito già il sole, avendo camminato quattro leghe di lontananza, ma più assai di giro, per gli errori della notte, arrivammo alla terra grossa Passà, da me un'altra volta nell'andare in giù,[Then on Friday, which was the seventeenth of June, when the sun had already come out, having walked four leagues away, but much more around, due to the mistakes of the night, we arrived at the large land Passà, from me once again on the way down,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ pt. 2 p. 355

R111-026 Darab : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Darab , Darab-e Do , داراب , داراب ? ,
VARIANT names: Darab , Darabegird , Darabghierd , Darabgird , Darap ,
SOURCE for Darab
« This route passed Tarom, Forgh, Rustak, Darab, Darakan, Fasa, Sarvestan and then Shiraz, and from there onwards to Isfahan. This was the normal trade route prior the reign of Shah `Abbas I (1587-1629) . » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 252 and #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 67
« Darab » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 5 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Bushehr und Fars}
« Après avoir eu long-temps , à quelque distance de nous , un nombre infini de ruines , parmi lesquelles est une colonne en briques , qui paraît avoir été un minaret , nous marchons entre des terres ensemencées pour arriver à Darâb . Cette ville , bâtie dans une vallée , est bornée au S. par deux collines que sépare un vallon [After having had for a long time, at some distance from us, an infinite number of ruins, among which is a brick column, which seems to have been a minaret, we walk between sown lands to arrive at Darâb. This town, built in a valley, is bounded to the S. by two hills separated by a valley.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 354
SOURCE for Darabegird
« Darābegird-Siraf. Darābegird 1 Tag Hasū » #1717 Schwarz, Paul, Iran im Mittelalter nach arabischen Geographen, O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, 1896 ~ p. 201
SOURCE for Darabghierd
« Tra le altre ville che si passarono, si lascio anche addietro di lontano la città di Darabghierd, che ritiene infin oggi il nome di Dario, da costoro detto Darab, da cui è fama che fosse fabbricata. [Among the other villas that passed by, the city of Darabghierd was also left far behind, which to this day retains the name of Darius, called by them Darab, by whom it is said that it was built.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 278
SOURCE for Darabgird
« In the central and comparatively well-watered portion of the Darab district circular ramparts, still imposing in their decay and adjoined by a great fosse, guard the site of Darabgird, measuring fully a mile in diameter. Surface remains within clearly proved occupation extending from late pre-Muhammadan to mediaeval times. The view from a rocky hill in the centre indicated »#886 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, An Archaeological Tour in the Ancient Persis.The Persian province of Fars, The Geographical Journal, London, 1935 (Dec.), 86:6:489-97 ~ p. 495
« Darabagird VI D4
Ruines à 5 km au Sud de Darab Iran
Capitale (gasaba) de la circonscription du même
#2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 48
« In Fars, a series of large, royal cities at Firuzabad, Bishapur, and Darabgird provide most of our archaeological evidence for settlement patterns in the heart of the empire. »#2357 Editor(s):D. T. Potts, A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2012, ~ p. 1079
« The town of Daráb, or rather Darábgird, as it should be written, is not so well built as Fassa: the houses are mostly built of mud and stones; very few of kiln-burnt bricks were to be seen. The main street is long and straggling, and there is not a proper bazar; but owing to the gardens, which are numerous and apparently thriv-ing, it appears to cover a lot of ground. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 9
SOURCE for Darap
« 20 mai. Nous partimes de grand matin, et arrivâmes à Darap vers midi.Darap est dans une belle situation; les eaux y sont abondantes; la plaine et les montagnes couvertes de végétation. Le Palmier y croît encore, mais n'y forme plus d'épaisses forêts; la chaleur n'étant plus trop ardente, il ne faut pas, comme dans les pays très-chauds, chercher à leur procurer de la fraîcheur par des irrigations [May 20. We left early in the morning, and arrived at Darap around noon.Darap is in a good situation; the waters are abundant there; the plain and the mountains covered with vegetation. The palm tree still grows there, but no longer forms thick forests; the heat no longer being too intense, we must not, as in very hot countries, try to provide them with coolness by irrigation. ] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 598

R111-027 Masdjed-e Sang
R111-027 Masdjed-e Sang : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: RUIN UFI: -3058934 coordinate: lat 28.7012 long 54.556429
NIMA/GNS names: Dabiran , Dabiran , Dabirun , Dabran , Qal`eh-ye Dabiran , دبیران , قلعه دبیران ,
VARIANT names: Karwan-sarai, , Masjid-i-sang , Qal`eh-ye Dabiran , Qasr-i-dukhtar ,
SOURCE for Karwan-sarai,
« On March 28th I left Nakhsh-i-Rustam for a closer examination of the rock-
cut shrine called variously Qasr-i-dukhtar, Masjid-i-sang, or Kārwān-sarai, to which I had taken the opportunity of paying a visit the day before. It is situated about 3 miles to the east at the very end of the ridge at the foot of which rises the spring of Nakhsh-i-Rustam. Quite a number of smaller springs were passed on the way to the shrine. This was first visited by Sir William Ouseley in 1811; » #3162 Aurel Stein, An Archaeological Tour in the Ancient Persis, British Institute for the Study of Iraq, 1935 ~ p. 196
SOURCE for Masjid-i-sang
SOURCE for Qal`eh-ye Dabiran
SOURCE for Qasr-i-dukhtar

R111-028 Dehhak imamzade
R111-028 Dehhak imamzade : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 28.643819 long 54.694781 † basis (p)
Supplement: location guessed on 12 kms
VARIANT names: Dehhak imamzade ,
SOURCE for Dehhak imamzade
« 8 km östlich in dem Dorf Dehhak hat ein kleines aus Lehmziegeln erbautes Imamzade einen schönen Grab- stein aufzuweisen. Der Stein bildet in seiner äußeren Form einen Spitzbogen. Das von einem Rundstab umrahmte Mittelfeld ist bis auf die Darstellung einer herabhängenden Moscheelampe leer. Am Außenrand läuft eine Inschrift um den Stein. [8 km to the east in the village of Dehhak, a small imamzade built of mud bricks has a beautiful gravestone. The stone's outer shape is a pointed arch. The middle field, framed by a round rod, is empty except for the depiction of a dangling mosque lamp. An inscription runs around the outer edge of the stone.] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 196

R111-030 Idj : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ij , ایج ,
VARIANT names: Ig , Ij ,
SOURCE for Ig
« Shirāz to (the capital of) Shabankārah.-From Shiraz to Dārkān it is, as already said, 34 leagues, and thence to the city of Ig, which is the capital of Shabankārah, it is 4 leagues; [۱۸۸] making a total of 38 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 178
« The capital city is the Castle of Ig (or Avig) with the township of Zarkan, the one lying beside the other.Ig and Zarkān. Ig in former times was but a village, which Hasūyah, in the days of the Saljūqs (1), raised to be a city. It stands on a hill-top, and has great fortifications. A running stream goes through it, which in time of siege, should the enemy but come to know the source thereof, and turn the current from the castle, he would soon bring the garrison to terms. Zarkan is the township at the foot of the castle; its climate is temperate, but the water is indigestible. Corn, cotton, fruits and dates, however, grow here most excellently. fn. 1 Chief of the Ismaili, a clan of the Shabänkarah Kurds: see Färs Nāmah, p. 11. The castle of Ig still exists: and Zarkan, or Darakan, might be modern Darākūh, lying to leagues east of Fasa.» #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 137
SOURCE for Ij
« Owing to the natural advantages just indicated Ij must have been a placeof some importance even in early times, but owing perhaps to the fact of itslying off any main line of communication it appears among early Arabgeographers to be mentioned only by Istakhri. He describes it correctly asbelonging to the 'cool region'. In the thirteenth century Yaqut speaks of Ijas belonging to the district of Darabgird and praises its fertile gardens andfields. Ibn-al-Balkhi, writing at the very beginning of the twelfth century,also refers to Ij as situated in the Darabgird district. He mentions its tem- perate climate and plentiful fruit, and adds the information that it 'was in former times a mere village, but under the rule of Hasuyah it became a city'.2 We know from the historical portion of Ibn-al-Balkhi's Färs-nameh that Hasūyah was the chief of the powerful tribe of the Ismā'ili Shabänkäreh, round Darabgird, and a contemporary of the author.3The definite chronological indication here conveyed is of special interest with regard to the remarkable ruined site known as Shahr-i-lj, situated on inside of the head of the valley about 2 miles above Ij village. » #3162 Aurel Stein, An Archaeological Tour in the Ancient Persis, British Institute for the Study of Iraq, 1935 ~ p. 167

R111-029 Sasanian bridge
R111-029 Sasanian bridge : place IRN (bridge)
NIMA/GNS feature: BDG UFI: 10401615 coordinate: lat 28.6794 long 54.3589
NIMA/GNS names: Pol-e Bahadoran , پل بهادران ,
VARIANT names: Pol-e Bahadoran , Pul-i-Kosu ,
SOURCE for Pol-e Bahadoran
SOURCE for Pul-i-Kosu
« We next crossed a river called the Rud-i-Ax-i-Bustam, which rises in a pool under a rock sculpture of Rustam, a few miles to the east of Darab. A masonry bridge called the Pul-i-Ilosu was our means of pasbage. Here I said I would halt. » #1754 Vaughan, H. B., Journeys in Persia (1890-91), The Geographical Journal, London, 1896 (Jan.), 7:1:24-41 ~ p. 26

R111-021 Kariyan
R111-021 Kariyan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kareyan , Karian , Kariyan , Karyan , کاریان ,
VARIANT names: Karian , Kariyan , Karyan , Karyun ,
SOURCE for Karian
A village in the district to Bidshahr, Fars, the governor of which in 1882 was Lutf Ali Khan. The village, which once must have contained 2,000 inhabitants, had only three families at the time of Stack's visit. It is on the road from Lår to Firūzābād. There is a mud fort close to the village, and two others in the plain about a mile to the east. One of the latter is the mud fort (Kaleh-i-Gileh) built when Karim Khan was reigning in Shiraz (1780); it is a square earthwork with a side of 120 yards, and had a tower every 13 yards. The other is the "Fort of the Fire Well, so called from the discovery of naphtha in a well hard by; it is a tower fort with a wall on a mound. Forts and well are in ruins now.
Käriän stands in the middle of three rocky hills, and these also are said to have been fortified. The tradition of the place is that Shah Karan was besieged here by 12,000 Mussalmans when the Arabs first invaded Persia. ... Conical domes of ab-ambārs rise among the ruined houses, testifying to a large water-supply and a large population in former years. ... An ancient ganāt waters the village, and Luft 'Ali Khan attempted to make another unsuccessfully. (Stack.) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt. 1 p. 508
« 1 KARIAN 23 m. General direction N. of W. Road runs over the Bid-i-Shahr plain up a rocky pass and down the other side. Then over low hills covered with camel-thorn. Kariān, about 400 houses, half of which are empty and ruined. It stands in the middle of rocky hills, on one of which is a fort overlooking the town. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 466
« Persian text omitted.[In his book entitled Kitab al-Haywan, Q wrote about this: "Ziyad bin Abiyya commissioned Abdullah bin Abi Bakra to put out the fire temples. Abdullah bin Abi Bakra wanted to start this work with the fire temple of the city of "Jor", but he was told that for Zoroastrians, there is no fire temple bigger than the fire temple of Karians, that if you intend to extinguish it, no one will stop you, but if you If you turn it off, then the people of that area will prepare for war, but they will not dare to fight again. So he moved in that direction and reached Karian, and immediately the people there took refuge in the fortress of the city. ] » #3263 Vathoqi, Mohammad Baqir , Takwi, Karamatullah , Rahmani, Sadiq , Abdi Rad, Manouchehr, Detailed history of Larestan, همسایه, 2006 ~ vol. 1 p. 189
SOURCE for Kariyan
« 31. KARIYAN, a borough of Daragird within (... ndr?) (3) an inaccessible (sa'b) and strong fortress (hisar). A venerated fire-temple is found in it.
fn. 3 Cf. § 36, 15.» #2901 V Minorsky, Hudud Al Alam The Regions Of The World, Luzac and printed at the University Press, Oxford, for the Trustees of the 'EJW Gibb Memorial', London, 1937, ~ p. 128
« Kariyan - Attestations: One of the three major holy fire temples of the Sasanians, Azar Farnbagh (ādur i farnbagh), or the fire of the priests, is believed to be identical with the Kariyan fire temple in Ardashir Khurrah (64). Mas'udi reported in his Moruj al-dhahab that, when the Muslims arrived, the Magians divided the holy fire of the Kariyan fire temple, taking some of it to Nasa (modern Beyza) following concerns that the Arabs might extinguish it (65). Nevertheless, the Karyian fire temple seems to have been operating well into the 4th/10th century, when it was recorded as one of the important fire temples of Fars (Muq. : 427; Hod. : 128). Kariyan, as one of the three major fire temples, distributed its flame to other, smaller temples, as was customary during the period (66). Another name given to this fire temple in the early Islamic sources is Nar Farra (Ist. : 118; Hoq. : 273). Interestingly, Nar means Fire in Arabic, and Farra can be seen as a shortened modified form of Farnbagh, hence together meaning Azar Farnbagh (The Fire of Farnbagh). - Identification: The modern village of Kariyan is located about 50 km to the south of Jahrom. Vanden Berghe made only a brief mention of the ruins of a fire temple near Kariyan (67).
fn. 65 Mas'udi, vol. 2: 399
fn. 67 Vanden Berghe, 1959: 486 »
#2877 Negin Miri, Historical Geography of Fars during the Sasanian Period, e-Sasanika, 2009, 10: ~ p. 18
« Von Hud führt der Weg durch eine breite Gebirgskette zu dem 31 km entfernten Kariyan, einem größeren Orte in einer weiten Ebene. Kariyan wird von den arabischen Geographen erwähnt als der Ort, an dem der heiligste der drei großen Feuertempel der Sasaniden stand, das Feuer Adur Farnbag oder Khordad (Schwarz 1896 p. 91, Darme- steter 1892 p. 151-153). Die Pahlavitexte berichteten, daß das Feuer von Ohrmazd zu Beginn der Schöpfung erschaffen wurde, dann von den Menschen auf einem Stier aus dem mittleren Erdteil Khwaniras über den Ozean zu den anderen Erdteilen gebracht werden sollte. [From Hud the road leads through a broad mountain range to Kariyan, a large town on a wide plain, 31 km away. Kariyan is mentioned by the Arab geographers as the place where the holiest of the three great fire temples of the Sasanians stood, the fire of Adur Farnbag or Khordad (Schwarz 1896 p. 91, Darme-steter 1892 p. 151-153). The Pahlavi texts reported that the fire was created by Ohrmazd at the beginning of creation, and was then to be brought by people on a bull from the central part of the continent of Khwanira across the ocean to the other parts of the world.] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 192
SOURCE for Karyan
« Karyan VI C4
Id au Sud de Gahrum Iran
Etape sur la route de Darabaglrd a SIraf
Yaq IV, 224-25, LS 255, Schw 91, DKI 190 »#2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 52
SOURCE for Karyun
« It is probable enough, too, that Karyun may be an ancient place. In a country like Persia, where the habitable spots have been markedout by Nature from the beginning of the world, the smallest human settlement in the desertmay date back thousands of years. It is at least true of Karyun that the ruins of a fort do actually stand on the hill, and that bones are plentiful in the dry torrent beds. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882~ vol. 1 p. 122

R111-008 Laghar
R111-008 Laghar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 10391241 coordinate: lat 28.202915 long 53.139388
NIMA/GNS names: Laghar , لاغر ,
VARIANT names: Laghar , Laghir , Laurghur ,
SOURCE for Laghar
« Crossing the Kîr plain, the Qara Agach runs southwards through a break in the Kuh-i- Jaala, which form the southern boundary of the plain, and past the following villages:- Nimdeh farsakh from the bridge, Abgarm (hot springs) 1 farsakh from Nimdeh, Kirda 1½ farsakh, Maku 1, Laghar farsakh, Takhta 1 farsakh, Qala Shahzari 1 farsakh, Bakir 5 farsakhs: all, except Maku and Kirda, on the left bank.
The whole route from Kîr to Lar is in a south-easterly direction. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ vol. 2 p. 233
SOURCE for Laghir
« the fifth stage is 8 leagues to Simkan, the sixth stage is 7 leagues to Habrak [or Hirak], the seventh stage is 5 leagues to Kārzin, the eighth stage is of 8 leagues to Laghir, the ninth stage is 8 leagues to Kuran, » #3077 G. Le Strange, Description of the Province of Fars, in Persia, at the Beginning of the Twelfth Century A.D. from the MS. of Ibn-al-Balkhi, in the British Museum Asiatic Society Monographs XIV, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1912 ~ p. 82
« The most important of these towns were Qir, Karzin, Abzar, and Laghir. It would appear that Karzin was an important Sasanian town and that it continued as a small town producing large harvests of dates, which were exported to Iraq, according to Istakhri (154, 10). This, with the other towns mentioned, was strongly fortified, but declined in the twelfth century as Laghir grew to dominate the region. » #3094 Donald Whitcomb, Trade and Tradition In Medieval Southern Iran - Thesis, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 1979 ~ p. 64
The stages on the road down from Laghir to Huzû are given by Mustawfi (p. 200), but as no modern traveller has followed this route the names are not to be found on the map, and are most uncertain;
« From Khunj, the route leads to the major city Kārzin via Lāghir and Faryāb. (45) fn. 45 Present-day Lāghir is a small village containing a Sassanian mountain fort. Faryāb is a vacant village, in which we located abandoned buildings, possibly a caravansaray, when we visited in 2016. See Map 4. » #3344 Yasuhiro Yokkaichi, The Maritime and Continental Networks of Kish Merchants under Mongol Rule: The Role of the Indian Ocean, Fārs and Iraq, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 2019 ~ p. 447
SOURCE for Laurghur
« Laurghur 5 farsakhs. On river. Large village. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 128

R111-007 Khondj
R111-007 Khondj : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Khonj , Khunj , Khunji , خنج ,
VARIANT names: Hong , Hung , Hung-o-Fal , Khond , Khonj , Khunj , Khunju Pal , Saj (Sah, Haj, Dah) ,
SOURCE for Hong
« Bäräb VI C5 Faryab près de Hong, à 27°55' N et 53°10' E Iran Avant-dernière étape sur la route de Darābagird à Siraf, Muq 454, LS 296, Schw 201, DKI 171 sv Faryab»#2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 47
SOURCE for Hung
« Hasakän (?) without pulpit mosque (4). The name may still be preserved by the Kuh i Gisakan east of Borazjan (5).
fn. 5 Writings such as the location would then suggest a combination of the Gage with the Gunkan mentioned in the description of the Ihsin River, which is also not mentioned by the older geographers; only Jäküt bay (2, 133, 14) probably based on the river description at Istahri: Gunkän, place in Persia. If one wanted to read Uingan based on the writing of the Persian translation (E), there are phonetic reasons against the compilation with today's Hung, place and district west of Bidshehr. »
#1717 Schwarz, Paul, Iran im Mittelalter nach arabischen Geographen, O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, 1896 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Hung-o-Fal
« Dans l'hiver 814/1411-1412 le timouride Iskandar b. Umar Sayh envoya plusieurs colonnes à travers le Läristän pour châtier Gurgin d'avoir offert un secours en hommes au gouverneur intérimaire de Tärum révolté. Une de ces colonnes fut dirigée sur les montagnes de Hung-o-Fal (Hung est une prononciation locale pour Hunj). Une autre colonne mit en fuite devant Lär trois fils de Gurgin, nommés Muayyad, Aršad et Amjad (30).fn. 30 Hafiz-i Abrū, Géographie, Brit. Mus., Or. 1577, fol. 133 a; ms. Melli Malek, Téhéran, fol. 120 a-120 b. » #890 Aubin, Jean, Références pour Lâr médiévale, Journal Asiatique, 1955, 491-505 ~ p. 498
SOURCE for Khond
« Khond » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 14 Karawanenwege zwischen Djahrom und Lar und Khondj und Lar sowie südlich und östlich von Lar}
SOURCE for Khonj
« Khonj » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 5 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Bushehr und Fars}
« Some clans of the Qashqa'i tribe of 'Amaleh, for instance, cover a distance of over 350 miles between their winter quarters, which are in the neighborhood of Afzar andKhonj, in southeastern Fars, and their summer quarters, which are within eighty miles of Esfahan. » #3169 Pierre Oberling, The Qashqā’i Nomads of Fārs, De Gruyter Mouton, The Hague, 1974 ~ p. 15
« ?خنج [Khonj] یکی از مناطق شهری مهم دوره مغول و تیموریان در مسیر بازرگانی شیراز به طرف سیراف کیش و بعدها هرموز بوده است و فعالیت های فرهنگی این منطقه در حیات فکری جنوب ایران تأثیر مهمی داشته است. در قرن هفتم شیخ رکن الدین دانیال خنجی از علمای بزرگ و از مریدان شیخ ابواسحاق کازرونی با سکونت در خنج و جذب و جلب شاگردان و مریدان بسیار این شهر را مرکز فعالیتهای فرهنگی و در همان حال ارتباط خود را با مراکز تجارت دریایی و از آن جمله هرموز نیز حفظ کرد مریدان او در نواحی نامبرده از قدرت بسیاری » [?Khonj was one of the important urban areas of the Mongol and Timurid periods on the trade route from Shiraz to Siraf Kish and later Hormuz, and the cultural activities of this area had an important impact on the intellectual life of southern Iran. In the 7th century, Sheikh Rukn al-Din Daniyal Khanji, one of the great scholars and one of the disciples of Sheikh Abu Ishaq Kazrooni, by living in Khanj and attracting many students and disciples, made this city the center of cultural activities and at the same time established his connection with maritime trade centers, including Hormuz also maintained his disciples in the mentioned areas of great power] #3263 Vathoqi, Mohammad Baqir , Takwi, Karamatullah , Rahmani, Sadiq , Abdi Rad, Manouchehr, Detailed history of Larestan, همسایه, 2006 ~
« fn. 8 Barros (op. cité) dit que, même de son temps, les rois de Hormuz payaiont "à la mosquée qui se trouvaitsüans le district Hogez Sheik Danial, près la ville de Lar". Hongez pourrait bion être soit, comme le suggère Sinclair (op. cité p. 163) une corruption du mot person khônigah (= monastère), seit simplement Hujrah (= collulo). Ou faut-il considérer ceci comme une erreur de copiste qui aurait oublié la lettre V (et), séparant les deux mots Khonj et Bal = Pal = Fal. En effet nous avons les deux villes célèbres de Khonj (persan ancion Khong (coin isolé, endroit désolé) et Pål (porsan an- cion Pal) toutes deux placées dans cette région. (Cf Fasaï op. cité p.197). [8 Barros (op. cit.) says that even in his time the kings of Hormuz paid "at the mosque which was in the district Hogez Sheik Danial, near the city of Lar". Hongez could well be either, as Sinclair suggests (op. cit. p. 163) a corruption of the word person khônigah (= monastery), or simply Hujrah (= collulo). Or should we consider this as a copyist's error who forgot the letter V (and), separating the two words Khonj and Bal = Pal = Fal. Indeed we have the two famous cities of Khonj (Persian ancion Khong (isolated corner, desolate place) and Pål (Porsan ancion Pal) both located in this region. (Cf. Fasaï op. cit. p. 197).] » #233 Faroughy, Abbas, Histoire du Royaume de Hormuz depuis son origine jusqu'a son incorporation dans l'empire persan des Safavis en 1622, Bruxelles, 1949, ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Khunj
« From 'Abbās Khan's information it became clear that no safe passage could be assured for us by the direct route leading to Lar through the valleys of 'Alamarv-dasht and Khunj. It was hence considered necessary to prepare for a move down from Galehdär via Warāwi to Ishkanān, whence Lär could be reached through tracts farther away from the disturbed area to the north-west and hence less likely to be affected by the trouble. Transport and needful protection for that move had to be sought from the influential Khān of Warāwi, reported to be well-disposed, and while awaiting his reply and the completion of the arrange- ments required, I could profitably use the welcome opportunity offered for surveying reported old sites about Galehdär. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937, ~ p. 217
« In the course of the thirteenth century the town of Khunj, southeast of Shiraz, had an important khanagah, an outgrowth of the order of Sheikh Abu Ishaq of Kazerun (Aubin 1969, 25). The nearby town of Fal was also an important center of learning in southern Iran, and its leaders exercised an important influence in Shiraz during the period of the last Salghurid atabegs, when the Sufi order of Abdallah-i Khafif maintained a powerful center on the eastern edge of Shiraz (Aubin 1969, 24-25). The twin towns Khunj-o-Fal, situated in the mountains behind Siraf, appear to have replaced the medieval port as a population center and center of commerce. The first sheikhs of Khunj-o-Fal were active in the construction of "qanats, buildings, mosques, madrasas, bridges and ribats" (Aubin 1969, 28). This accords weIl with the fifteenth-century archaeological evidence from Siraf, where the Friday mosque was reconstructed and a large shrine and » #3143 Whitcomb, Donald S., Before the Roses and Nightingales: Excavations at Quasr-i Abu Nasr, Old Shiraz, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1985 ~ p. 37
A village in a district of the same name in S.-E. Fars, the district is bounded on the N. by Juyum and Bidshahr, Afzar and Araba'ch, on the -E. by Laristan, on the W. by Galehdaar on the S. by Asir and 'Alämärvasht » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ p. 557
« From this caravanserail, the modern road leaves the old caravan route and leads via Mahallache to Khundj, while the old caravan route leads via Fishvar and the southern slope of Kuh-e Leytu to Khundj; no caravanserails could be found on this route. One reason for this may be the fact that there are enough small towns along the route that could be used as stopping points. » #3240 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ p. 300
« From Khunj, the route leads to the major city Kārzin via Lāghir and Faryāb. (45) fn. 45 Present-day Lāghir is a small village containing a Sassanian mountain fort. Faryāb is a vacant village, in which we located abandoned buildings, possibly a caravansaray, when we visited in 2016. See Map 4. » #3344 Yasuhiro Yokkaichi, The Maritime and Continental Networks of Kish Merchants under Mongol Rule: The Role of the Indian Ocean, Fārs and Iraq, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 2019 ~ p. 447
SOURCE for Khunju Pal
« « We went on next to the city of Khunju Pal (sometimes pronounced Hunju Pal), (136) in which is the residence of the shaikh Abū Dulaf, whom we had set out to visit, and in whose hospice we lodged. ... I stayed with the shaikh Abū Duiaf only one day, on account of the urgency of the caravan in whose company I was travelling to press on. I heard that in this city of Khunju Pal there was a hospice in which there were a number of pious devotees, so I went to it in the evening and saluted their shaikh and them. fn. 136 Khunj-u Pal is a double name, for the towns of Khunj and Fal. Khunj lies 40 miles north-west of Lar, and is often confused with Hunj, about 50 miles south of Lar. The ruins of Fal lie 4 miles south of Gallah-Dar, some 60 miles west of Khunj, at 27° 38' N., 52° 39' E.; see Sir M. Aurel Stein, Archaeological Reconnaissances in North-West India and South-Eastern Iran (London, 1937), 220. There seems to be no explanation for Ibn Battūta's conjunction of the two names. » #357 Ibn Baṭu¯ṭah, Muh?ammad ibn ʿAbd Alla¯h, The Travels of Ibn Battuta translated with revisions and notes, from the Arabic text edited by C. Defre´mery and B. R. Sanguinetti, by H. A. R. Gibb., Hakluyt Society:Munshiram Manohardal Publishers Pvt Ltd, Cambridge:New Delhi, 1958- :1993,~ p. » #357 Ibn Baṭu¯ṭah, Muh?ammad ibn ʿAbd Alla¯h, The Travels of Ibn Battuta translated with revisions and notes, from the Arabic text edited by C. Defre´mery and B. R. Sanguinetti, by H. A. R. Gibb., Hakluyt Society:Munshiram Manohardal Publishers Pvt Ltd, Cambridge:New Delhi, 1958- :1993, ~ vol. 2 pp. 406-407
SOURCE for Saj (Sah, Haj, Dah)
« 1 Ist. 116, 140. I. H. 188. Yak. ii. 711; iv. 333, 974 F. N. 74 6. Mst. 171, 173, 180. Kaz. ii. 161. The name of the island is spelt Kays, Kaysh, and Kish (with dotted k or undotted k).The stages on the road down from Lâghir to Huzu are given by Mustawfi (p. 200), but as no modern traveller has followed this route the names are not to be found on the map, and are most uncertain; the distances are in farsakhs (leagues). From Lâghir 6 to Faryab district, thence 6 to the city of Saj (Sah, Haj, Dah, with many other variants), thence 5 to Ab-Anbár-i-Kinár, thence 5 to Haram (Siram or Marmaz), thence 6 down many steep passes to the village of Darûk (Dârzak, Ürak or Dâvrak), thence 6 to Mâhân (Hâmân or Mâyân), and thence 6 by the pass of Lardak to Huzû on the sea-shore.' The district Mustawfi calls Faryab is evidently identical with Bârâb, half-way between Kâriyân and Kurân, as given by Mukaddasi (p. 454). The city of Saj is a puzzle, none being known in this region, but possibly we should read Jamm (Ist. 106). This route, unfortunately, is not reproduced in the Jahân Numa, nor is it given by any Arab geographer. The coast of the Bani-as-Saffär would appear to have been identical with the 'Umárah coast, to judge by what Istakhri (p. 141) and Yakût (iii. 217) write. » #895 Le Strange, G., The lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia from the Moslem conquest to the time of Timur., Cambridge University Press, London, 1905, ~ pp. 257 and 8 footnote

R111-011 Mahlake
R111-011 Mahlake : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mahalcheh , Mahlacheh , Mahlacheh , Mahlakeh , Mahlejeh , محلچه , مهلچه ,
VARIANT names: Mahalcheh , Mahallache (Fishvar) ,
SOURCE for Mahalcheh
SOURCE for Mahallache (Fishvar)
« Mahallache (Fishvar) » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 14 Karawanenwege zwischen Djahrom und Lar und Khondj und Lar sowie südlich und östlich von Lar}

R111-017 Kaure : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kowreh , کوره ,
VARIANT names: Kaura , Kowreh ,
SOURCE for Kaura
« 2Ist March, Kaura, one farsakh. Next
morning dawned inauspiciously with clouds
and rain, and Sayyid Ali had fever. Lutf Ali
Khan sent me over a good breakfast, and as the
day cleared I determined to march four miles
to Kaura, on the southern side of the plain. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ vol. 1 p. 125
SOURCE for Kowreh

R111-013 Kahne : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kahneh , کهنه ,
VARIANT names: Kahneh ,
SOURCE for Kahneh

R111-012 Etuz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Avaz , `Iwaz , Avaz , Evaz , Evazeh , اوز ,
VARIANT names: Avas , Avaz , Evaz , Ivaz , Iwaz ,
SOURCE for Avas
« Avas 5 Farsangs » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Avaz
« The road now passes frequently many cisterns, and, at 16 miles 6 furlongs, enters the out skirts of the town of 'Avaz, which is traversed at 5-3 furlongs. At 17 miles 3.7 furlongs are reached its eastern outskirts. 'Avaz is an open town with clean, broad streets, bordered on either side by small but well-built houses of stones or sun-dried bricks, neatly plastered with mud or lime. There are several large and commodious houses, and many shops, some of which are conducted by Muhammadan traders from Bombay. Inhabitants about 3,000. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 198
SOURCE for Evaz
« Evaz » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 5 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Bushehr und Fars}
SOURCE for Ivaz
A town in Läristan, 25 miles from Lar, on the road to Büshire.
The streets are broad and clean, and are bordered on either side by small but well-built houses of stone or sun-dried brick, neatly plastered with mud or lime. There are also several large and commodious houses and many shops, some of which are conducted by Muhammadan traders from Bombay. The inhabitants number about 3,000. The water-supply is from cisterns, of which there are many situated on the outskirts of the town, and considerable quantities of supplies are obtainable. There is but little cultivation in the vicinity, and both fuel and grazing are scarce, The dry bed of the large water-course issues from a gorge in the clifis which bound the north side of the Avaz valley, and flows eastward along the base. (Butcher, April 1888.) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt 1 p 83
SOURCE for Iwaz
« 22nd March, Iwaz, 5 farsakhs ; 7 a.m. to 2 p.m. ... Winding round hill after hill, we came at last to a low saddle-back, over which the fort and houses of Iwaz stood out white upon a narrow green plain. The houses looked taller and better than any we had seen for some days, and we got capital quarters in the hall of the kalantar's house. The village has a population of about 1000, though it is partly uninhabited. It is full of abambars, some of which are very large, with high-domed roofs of stone. The well-water is brackish. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ vol. 1 p. 128 and 130

R111-020 Bidishahr
R111-020 Bidishahr : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bid Shahr , بید شهر ,
VARIANT names: Bid Shahr , Bidishahr , Bidshahr , Bolgoûn ,
SOURCE for Bid Shahr
SOURCE for Bidishahr
« Das Tal von Kaure ist recht fruchtbar, und war auch in frühislamischer Zeit besie- delt. Darauf weist ein Tepe mit mittelalterlicher Keramik bei dem Dorf Bidishabr, 11 km westlich von Kaure, hin, neben dem sich ein qadjarisches Imamzade mit fliesen- verkleideter Kuppel erhebt. [The valley of Kaure is quite fertile and was also populated in early Islamic times. This is indicated by a tepe with medieval ceramics near the village of Bidishabr, 11 km west of Kaure, next to which stands a Qajar imamzade with a tile-clad dome.] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Bidshahr
« 20th March, Bidshahr, 6 farsakh-s ; 6.30 a.m. to 2.30 p.m. Our march to Bidshahr (6) next day took us over the tops of low hills, covered with camel-thorn, which looked not unlike Irish bog and heather under the cloudy sky. ... Under gentle rain we entered Bidshahr, and found it as large as Karyun, and nearly as desolate. Lutf Ali Khan's fort was a tumbledown mud edifice, and our quarters in the mihmankhana were not much better than those of the day before. fn. 6 "Willow-city." There are far more tamarisks than willows in the Bidshahr plain nowadays. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ vo. 1 p.123 » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~
SOURCE for Bolgoûn
« Bolgoûn 8 Farsangs » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 vol. 2 p. 491

R111-019 Hud : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Hood , Hud , هود ,
VARIANT names: Hood , Hud ,
SOURCE for Hood
SOURCE for Hud
« Ein zweites Ruinengebiet liegt bei dem Ort Hud, 8 km westlich von Bidishahr. Die Keramik ist mittelalterlich. [A second ruin area is located near the town of Hud, 8 km west of Bidishahr. The pottery is medieval.] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 192

R111-014 Qalat : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ghalat , Qalat , قلات ,
VARIANT names: Qalat ,
SOURCE for Qalat

R111-002 Guyum : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Guyom , Guyum , گویم ,
VARIANT names: Guyom , Guyum ,
SOURCE for Guyom
SOURCE for Guyum
« Although they follow several routes on the lower and upper parts of their migration, all must converge at a place called Guyum some twenty miles north of Shiraz, and a vulnerable spot. In Shiraz is their tribal headquarters, a palace occupied by four brothers who rule the tribe, and who can reach Guyum in less than hour by jeep. On the march the Kashghåy ride both horses and camels along the valley bottoms, while along the ridges to either side mounted men drive their seven million or so sheep, mostly fat-tailed. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 4 p. 9

R111-000 Shiraz
R111-000 Shiraz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chimaz , Chiraz , Schiras , Shiraz , Siraz , شیراز ,
VARIANT names: Chiras , Chiraz , Chyraz , Giras , Giraz , Schiras , Sciras , Sciraz , Scyras , Sehiras , Shira-its-tsi-ish , Shirass , Shiraz , Siras , Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz , Širaz , Sjiraas , Sjiraas , Stadt Siraes , Syras , Xiras , Xiraz , Zjie-raes ,
SOURCE for Chiras
« dinge alle de omleggende vlekken hooren, en daarvan hij in Chiras aan den gouverneur reekeningh doen moet, [let all the destroyers hear the things, and he must give an account of them to the governor in Chiras,] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 74
« Le 17, j'arrivai à Chiras, foible et défait, [On the 17th, I arrived in Chiras, weak and defeated,] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 90
« Je n'ai point voulu marquer par le compas la route que je tenois , jour par jour, d'Ispalian à Chiras, car c'est presque la même chose chaque jour ; [I did not want to mark with the compass the route I took, day by day, from Ispalian to Chiras, because it is almost the same thing every day;] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 241
SOURCE for Chiraz
« ITINÉRAIRE DE CHIRAZ A SIRAF. De Chiraz à Kafra كفرة village 15 milles.?? » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 1 p. 400
SOURCE for Chyraz
« Chyraz » in {map#1255 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / dressée par P. Lapie... ; gravée par Blondeau..., , 1810, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE C-10435}
« Chyraz » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
« Arrivé à la porte de Chyraz, un individu préposé à je ne sais quoi se jeta sur Alawerdi et le secoua avec violence; on lui demanda 2 krowns, je ne sais à quel titre. Alawerdi résista, mais le préposé s'empara du fusil qu'il portait en bandoulière. Je le laissai faire, bien persuadé que j'en obtiendrais raison. Je fus d'abord à la douane où je déposai mes effets qui furent culbutés,, Dieu sait comme! et me rendis ensuite chez le nabab où je retrouvai mon logement. [Arriving at the gate of Chyraz, an individual in charge of I don't know what threw himself on Alawerdi and shook him violently; he was asked for 2 krowns, I don't know for what reason. Alawerdi resisted, but the attendant grabbed the rifle he was carrying across his shoulder. I let him do it, fully convinced that I would get his way. I first went to customs where I deposited my belongings which were overturned, God knows how! and then went to the nawab where I found my accommodation.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 603
SOURCE for Giras
« GIRAS, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Relações Anais]. [GIRAS, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Annals].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. D-N p. 85
SOURCE for Giraz
« From there they will go to the city of Vargim, and from there to the city of Giraz » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 249
SOURCE for Schiras
« Le seizième de mars à huit heures du matin, je partis de Schiras, et après six heures de marche dans la plaine, qui cesse d'être fertile à une lieue de la ville, [On the sixteenth of March at eight o'clock in the morning, I left Schiras, and after six hours of walking in the plain, which ceases to be fertile a league from the town,] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 310
« J'arrivay à Schiras ſur les fix heures du ſoir ; [I arrived at Shiras around six o'clock in the evening;] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 656
« La Ville de Schiras, où nous arrivames enfin le 4 de Mars, n'eſt qu'à 1 mille de Tſchinar Raddar vers l'Eſt. Nous employames donc dixhuit jours, pour faire le Voyage d'Abuſchäbhr à Schiras, au lieu que fans cela, quelqu'un peut facilement faire ce Voyage en fix jours. La cauſe que nous étions fi longtems en chemin, n'étoit pas ſeulement le mauvais tems et le détour par Kormudſch, mais que la plus part des Marchandises de notre Kaffle, n'étoient chargées que fur des mauvais Anes, qui ne pouvoient faire que de petites journées. [The city of Shiras, where we finally arrived on March 4th, is only one mile east of Tſchinar Raddar.
It therefore took us eighteen days to make the journey from Abuſschäbhr to Shiras, whereas someone could easily make this journey in ten days. The reason we were so long on the road was not only the bad weather and the detour via Kormudſsh, but also that most of the goods in our wagon were loaded only onto poor donkeys, which could only travel for short periods.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 91
SOURCE for Sciras
« . Egli, mentre facemmo dimora a Sciras, non volle che noi ſpendeſsimo, per non offender le leggi dell'oſpitalità; [While we were staying in Sciras, he did not want us to spend money so as not to offend the laws of hospitality; ] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p.263
SOURCE for Sciraz
« Fatta poi notte, di nuovo ci rimettemmo alla via; e il mercoledi, ventidue di giugno, camminate pian piano e molto adagio le due o tre sole leghe che restavano infin alla città di Sciraz, non prima dell'alba ci arrivamnto. [Then when night fell, we set off again; and on Wednesday, the twenty-second of June, you walked slowly and very slowly the only two or three leagues that remained until the city of Sciraz, arriving there not before dawn.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 362
« A due o tre ore di notte facemmo di nuovo levata, e dopo aver camminato tutto il resto della notte, il sabbato, sedici di ottobre, fatte le sci altre leghe che sole restavano a giorno chiaro, levato già il sole, arrivammo ai giardini di Sciraz, la qual città è situata pur in un bel piano circondato quasi d'ogn'intorno da monti, [At two or three o'clock in the morning we rose again, and after having walked all the rest of the night, on Saturday, the sixteenth of October, having skied the other leagues that were left in the light of day, the sun having already risen, we arrived at the gardens of Sciraz, which city is situated on a beautiful plain surrounded almost on all sides by mountains,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 265
SOURCE for Scyras
« Het Landt roudtom Scyras is seer buchtbaar; maar boven al in Wijngaarden/die den Wijn voastrengen / welke dosz geheel Perfien, en selfs daar bupten / voor den besten van de ge heele Werelt gehouden. werdt / zijnde noch geuriger/ krachti ger/en forter als de Canarie-Sck. [The Land of Scyras is very famous; but above all in Vineyards / that supply the Wine / which are entirely Perfian, and even there / held for the best in the entire World. was / being neither more fragrant / more powerful / and stronger than the Canarie-Sck.] » #3243 Jan Janszoon Struys, Drie aanmerkelijke en seer rampspoedige Reysen, Meurs, 1677 ~ p. 354
SOURCE for Sehiras
« Having view'd these Antiquities, which with those of Derbent, were all we met with in our Travels, I prosecuted my jour|ney the 28. of Ianuary, and got that day ten Leagues, to the City of Sehiras. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Shira-its-tsi-ish
see source « Syras »
SOURCE for Shirass
« Dined here and went away for Shirass, being 5 farsangs, bad way up hills and down ; about the middle of the way in a fine plain is a good caravensaroy. Arrjved at Shirass at 8 at night. 21st [February], being Sunday. Went away for Bobbahodge. 9 farsangs good way . » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Shiraz
« 24th February, Khan-i-Zanyan, 3 farsakhs ; 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. 25th February, Shiraz, 8 farsakhs ; 5.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Next morning early, we saddled our horses for Shiraz. We had thirty-two miles to march, and the road, winding among bare mountain-tops, proved less interesting than any stage since Burazjan. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 45
« next night pitching a farfangh ſhort of Shiraz; where we expected a ceremonious entrance » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 132
« Hastening on towards Shiráz, I met a line inspector on tour, Mr Jefferies, who informed the that there was a riot taking place in the capital of Fárs. Accordingly, with very brief visits to the stupendous monuments of Persepolis, which I fortunately was able to examine carefully five years later, marched rapidly on, and being warned to avoid the town, proceeded to the beautiful Telegraph Garden, where I was most hospitably received by Dr Scully, the entertainer of almost every European traveller in Persia. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 80-81
« and thence in 5 leagues to the city of Shiraz. Total: from Yazdi-khwāst to Shiraz 44 leagues, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
« Further on, we passed the fine tomb of Shah Ameer Hamza, son of the Imaum Moosa; and crossing a bridge over the dry bed of a river, we entered Shiraz before dark. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 287
« Although the city is the capital of the historic province of Fars and by right of inheritance the successor to the glory of Persepolis, the claim which Shiraz can make to eminence by reason of antiquity is not comparable with that of either Hamadan or Rei in Media of old. The general location of the city, it is true, is probably an ancient one, as shown by the vestiges of Achsemenian and Sasanian ruins in the vicinity, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 324
SOURCE for Siras
« The 24th daye about 12 a clok att night we did sett out of the citie of Siras, comonly called by the inhabitans Shiras, and traveling over theplayne, » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p.78
« In our Stay here we had Opportunity to observe Siras, not only by Fame, but indeed to be, second to none, except the Royal City, in the whole Empire: » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 211
« Siras (Shirāz) for each carga half a mahmudi as in Lār » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321
SOURCE for Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz
« fn. 30. Bembo gives three spellings for Shiraz: "Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz." Persepolis is 80 km north of Shiraz. The plain to which Bembo refers is Marv Dasht, and he gives the name "Mircascun" to the town of Zargan. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 298
SOURCE for Širaz
« Širāz VI C4
Id Iran
Métropole (misr) de la province du Fāris et circonscription
IV 391 » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 58
SOURCE for Sjiraas
« Den 11. dito na 2 mylen, aan de voor aan in Sjiraas gelegene Tsaarbag, daar van velen verwelkomt wierd. [The 11th ditto after 2 miles, at the front of Tsarbag located in Shiraas, where many were welcomed.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
« Den 7. dito vertrokken wy van Sjiraas, hadden een goeden weg, en rondom ons veel dorpen. [On the 7th we left Shiraas, had a good road, and many villages around us.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263
« Den 6. dito wierd zyn. Ed: door eenige Armeniers bezogt, door hen met eenige tafel-vrugten beichonken, en 's namiddags door deneerſten ſchryver des Viziers verzogt, om op te zitten, weshalven zyn ed: na Sjiraas vertrok, [On the 6th his Ed: was visited by some Armenians, by whom he was refreshed with some table fruits, and in the afternoon he was requested by the chief scribe of the Vizier to sit on, wherefore his Ed: departed after Sjiraas,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274
SOURCE for Stadt Siraes
« 7 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 384
« 23 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361
SOURCE for Syras
« Persia alla via di levante (A levante, ove prima si trova la città de Syras la quale) li..20., ha populo inumerabile, mercadanti assaissimi, perchè tutti i mercadanti che vengono da le parte di sopra, cioè da Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) e da li in suso (volendo vegnir per la via de la Persia) passano per Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarcanda, la principale città della Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, che Enrico III di Castiglia aveva inviato come ambasciatore a Timur nel 1405, ci ha lasciato una descrizione di Samarcanda quale era ai suoi tempi; cfr. la sua opera Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrariamente a quanto comunemente si crede, Shiraz è una città molto antica. Poco dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, G. Cameron scopri a Persepoli alcune tavolette in lingua elamita, recanti dettagli sulle paghe degli operai ivi impegnati nella costruzione del palazzo di Dario; su una di tali tavolette compare il nome di Shiraz, sotto la forma Shira-its-tsi-ish. Si ha così la prova che la città esisteva già nel periodo degli Achemenidi. In quel tempo, tuttavia, essa era messa in ombra da Persepoli. Sotto i Sasanidi Shiraz fu capitale dell'Ardashir Khurreh, uno dei cin- que distretti in cui era divisa la provincia del Färs. ... [Persia on the eastern road (To the east, where first is the city of Syras which) li..20., has an innumerable population, very many merchants, because all the merchants who come from the upper parts, that is from Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) and from there upwards (wanting to come by the road to Persia) pass through Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarkand, the principal city of Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, whom Henry III of Castile had sent as ambassador to Timur in 1405, has left us a description of Samarkand as it was in his time; cf. his work Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrary to popular belief, Shiraz is a very ancient city. Shortly after the Second World War, G. Cameron discovered in Persepolis some tablets in the Elamite language, containing details of the wages of the workers employed there in the construction of the palace of Darius; on one of these tablets the name of Shiraz appears, in the form Shira-its-tsi-ish. This is evidence that the city already existed in the period of the Achaemenids. At that time, however, it was overshadowed by Persepolis. Under the Sassanids Shiraz was the capital of Ardashir Khurreh, one of the five districts into which the province of Färs was divided. ...] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 142
SOURCE for Xiras
« A 24, vispera de Sancta Catalina martir, despues de auer enuiado delante muy de mañana el Enbaxador su rrecamara y todas las demas cargas, le vinieron á dar auiso como le querian ya salir á reçibir de Xiras, [On the 24th, the eve of Sancta Catalina martyr, after the Enbaxador had sent his chamber and all the other loads in front of him very early in the morning, they came to inform him how they wanted him and to leave to receive Xiras,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 332
« A 5 de Abril, en la tarde, salio el Enbaxador de Xiras, dexando algunos criados suyos con mas de çiento y çinquenta cargas de la pimienta que se lleuaua al rey de Persia, [On April 5th, in the afternoon, the Ambassador of Xiras left, leaving some of his servants with more than one hundred and fifty loads of pepper that he was taking to the King of Persia.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 367
SOURCE for Xiraz
« XIRAZ, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [João de Barros-Da Asia). [XIRAZ, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [João de Barros-From Asia).] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. O-Z p. 287
SOURCE for Zjie-raes
« arriv?mes à minuit au Caravanserai de Babbahad-jie, à 5. lieuës de Zjie-raes. [and arrived at midnight at the Caravanserai of Babbahad-jie, 5 leagues from Zjie-raes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 312

R111-003 Kavar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: STM UFI: 230243 coordinate: lat 29.074444 long 52.900833
NIMA/GNS names: Kavar ,
VARIANT names: Cowall , Guvar , Kavar , Kawar , Kowal , Kuvar ,
SOURCE for Cowall
« Cowall » in {map#1231 ‘Sketch of Lieut. Snodgrass’s Route from Bushire to Shiraz, via Feruzabad, A.D. 1810’, , , [1r] (1/2), British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3118, in Qatar Digital Library}
SOURCE for Guvar
« Fars bölgesindeki mesafeler: Siraz-Siraf yoluna gelince, Siraz'dan Kefre köyüne 5 fersah, Kefre'den Nahad köyüne 5 fersah, Nahad'dan Güvar sularinin taksim edildigi yere bir ok atimlik, Nahad'dan Bimcan köyüne 4 fersah, Bimcan'dan Cûr'a 6 fersah, (s. 283) Cûr'dan Dest-i Surab'a 5 fersah, buradan Han-i Azadmerd'e 6 fersahtir. Bu ovanin genisligi 3 fersah kadar olup her yaninda katmerli nergis yetisir. Hân-i Azadmerd'den Girend köyüne 6 fersah, buradan Mey köyüne 6 fersah, buradan Ra'sülakabe' deki Bazergan menziline 6 fersah buradan Cennabe'ye 12 fersahtir. Toplam 44 fersah eder. [The distances in the Fars region: As for the Shiraz-Siraf road, from Shiraz to the village of Kafre is 5 farsakhs, from Kafre to the village of Nahad is 5 farsakhs, from Nahad to the place where the waters of Guvar are divided, from Nahad to the village of Bimjan is 4 farsakhs, from Bimjan to Jur is 6 farsakhs, (p. 283) from Jur to Desht-i Shurab is 5 farsakhs, from here to Khan-i Azadmerd is 6 farsakhs. The width of this plain is 3 farsakhs and daffodils grow on all sides. From Khan-i Azadmerd to the village of Girend is 6 farsakhs, from here to the village of May is 6 farsakhs, from here to the Bazargan stop in Ra'sulaqaba is 6 farsakhs, from here to Jannaba is 12 farsakhs. The total is 44 farsakhs.] » #3174 Ibn Havkal trans. Ramazan Sesen, 10. Asirda Islam Cografyasi (Yeditepe Yayinevi), Yeditepe Yayinlari, 2014 ~ pp. 226-7
SOURCE for Kavar
SOURCE for Kawar
« Eine topographische Ergänzung zu dieser Nachricht gibt Istalhri in folgendem: „Siraz hat dreizehn Distrikte (tassig), in jedem liegen Ortschaften und ununterbrochen aneinander sich schließende Kultur- flächen. Jeder dieser Distrikte wird in den Steuerregistern der Regierungskanzlei besonders geführt. Es sind folgende: Ober-Kefre (2),fn. 2 Kefre liegt nach den Wegoverzeichnissen südlich von Siraz, halbwegs von Kawar, 5 Parasangen von beiden entfernt, und ist die erste Station auf dem Wege von Siraz nach der Hafenstadt Siraf. Nach de Goeje trägt der Ort noch heute den Namen Kafar. Bekri scheint denselben Ort zu meinen unter der Form Habra, eins der Dörfer von Siraz" (302, 10), er gibt aber auch Habar als Ortschaft zwischen Siraz und Kuwar in Persien" (307, 13). Jäkut laut den Gelehrten Fadl ibn Hammad, dem Bekri Habra als Geburtsort zuweist, in Habr geboren werden, einer kleinen Ortschaft nahe Siraz im Lande Persien", denkt also wohl auch nicht an das Habr - Hafr am Sekkän-Fluß (vgl. oben S. 8, Z. 7). [Istalhri gives a topographical addition to this information in the following: "Siraz has thirteen districts (tassig), in each of which there are villages and continuously adjoining cultivated areas. Each of these districts is listed separately in the tax registers of the government office. They are as follows: Upper Kefre (2),
fn. 2 According to the road maps, Kefre lies south of Siraz, halfway from Kawar, 5 parasangs from both, and is the first stop on the way from Siraz to the port city of Siraf. According to de Goeje, the place still bears the name Kafar today. Bekri seems to mean the same place under the form Habra, one of the villages of Siraz" (302, 10), but he also gives Habar as a place between Siraz and Kuwar in Persia" (307, 13). According to the scholar Fadl ibn Hammad, to whom Bekri assigns Habra as his birthplace, Jäkut was born in Habr, a small village near Siraz in the land of Persia", and therefore probably does not have Habr - Hafr on the Sekkän River in mind (cf. above p. 8, line 7).] »
#1717 Schwarz, Paul, Iran im Mittelalter nach arabischen Geographen, O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, 1896 ~ p. 44
« There is some doubt as to what becomes of the Kurghach or Kara-agatch river, as it has never been followed down below this point. It is believed to flow SE. towards Jahroom, and is certainly the river crossed on the road from Sheeraz to Ferozabad at Kawar; and it was also crossed by Abbott, » #1795 MacGregor , Charles Metcalfe, Narrative of a Journey through the Province of Khorassan, and on the N. W. Frontier of Afghanistan in 1875, ~ vol. 1 p. 28
SOURCE for Kowal
« Kowal » in {map#1233 Route Map Shiraz to Bushire round trip, TAYLOR R L Lieutenant-Colonel, 1858, British Library: IOR X/3125, route map 5}
SOURCE for Kuvar
« Beyond Kuvar, also on the left bank of the river Sakkân, is the town of Khabr, noted for the tomb of Said, brother of Hasan-al-Basri, the theologian. Mustawfi states that Khabr was larger than Kuvar, and that near by was the famous castle of Tir-i-Khuda, 'God's Arrow,' so called from its inaccessibility, for it stood on a hill-top, so that no human arrow could attain it. » #895 Le Strange, G., The lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia from the Moslem conquest to the time of Timur., Cambridge University Press, London, 1905, ~ p. 253

R111-004 Qal`eh-ye Dokhtar
R111-004 Qal`eh-ye Dokhtar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: ANS UFI: 10379755 coordinate: lat 28.9209 long 52.5301
NIMA/GNS names: Qal`eh-ye Dokhtar , قلعه دختر ,
VARIANT names: Qal`eh-ye Dokhtar ,
SOURCE for Qal`eh-ye Dokhtar
« QALʿA-YE DO ˜TAR, a vast barrier fortress with a lofty palace of royal dimensions, built by the founder of the Sasanian empire, Ardašir I Pāpakān before his decisive victory against the last Parthian king in 224 CE (FIGURE 1). It is built on a high spur of rock above a bend of the Tang-āb gorge, which is the main access point to the plain of Firuzābād from central Fārs. It is mentioned by earlier travelers (see Curzon, II, p. 228, n. 2), but Ernst Herzfeld (1926, pp. 252-52; idem, 1935, p. 95) was the first to recognize the correct layout of the fortress. Aurel Stein provided a more comprehensive description with a good topographic map of the palace, but he misunderstood the outline of the palace, and his interpretation of the building was not accurate (Stein, pp. 123-27). The site was surveyed in 1966 and 1972 on behalf of the German Archeological Institute. Between 1975 and 1977, excavations were carried out in preparation for a UNESCO restoration program on behalf of the Department of Conservation of Archeological Sites and National Monuments (Edāra-ye koll-e ḥefāẓat-e ā?ār-e bāstāni wa banāhā-ye tāri?-i; Huff, 1969-70; 1971; 1973; 1976; 1978; 1983-84; 1993; Gignoux). » at link83

R111-004 Firuzabad
R111-004 Firuzabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Firuzabad , فیروز آباد ,
VARIANT names: Firouzabad , Firouz-Abad , Fírozabad , Firuzabad ,
SOURCE for Firouzabad
« Ayant trouvé un endroit où il y avait plusieurs sources d'excel- lente eau et quelques masures, nous y fimes notre menzil, à moitié chemin de Firouzabad, à environ quatre farsangs et demi. [Having found a place where there were several sources of excellent water and some hovels, we made our menzil there, half way from Firouzabad, about four and a half farsangs away.] » ##3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838., Librairie Encyclopédique De Roret, Paris, 1843 ~ pt.2 p. 518
SOURCE for Firouz-Abad
« Firouz-Abad 8 Farsangs » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 492
SOURCE for Fírozabad
« 4. Fírozábád-16 miles S.-71 miles; 4 miles-163 miles, 4 hours 15 minutes. by cast. Road good, except through the defile of Fierozkoon and the pass of Firozabad; latter is impracticable for artillery, but passable for mountain guns on mules. A heavy rain, the torrent in the pass becomes unfordable. General direction so by east. » #3091 C M Macgregor, Central Asia. Part IV. A contribution towards the better knowledge of the topography, ethnology, resources, and history of Persia., Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1871 ~ p. 736
« Firozabad 40 miles Road bad. Near Firozabad descend the moun- tains into a beautiful well cultivated plain. The fort lies at the further extremity. » #3021 John Macdonald Kinneir, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, John Murray, London, 1813 ~ p. 460
SOURCE for Firuzabad
« FIRÜZABAD (formerly Piruzābād, 'the town of victory', and originally known as Gūr or Cür) is situated in 28° 50' N. Lat. and 52° 34' E. Long. (Greenwich); it is 1356 m. above sea level. The present town, which had 4,340 inhabitants in 1951, is 3 km. to the south-east of the ancient site. Firü-zābād, besides being one of the chief centres of the Kash-ka'i tribe [q.v.], is the chief administrative centre of the district (shahristan) of the same name in the seventh Ustan (Fars). The surrounding country is very fertile and well-watered and the climate is temperate. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 2 p. 925
« I2th March, Firuzabad, 6 farsakhs ; 8.30a.m.
to 5 p.m. The next day's march was to take
us to Firuzabad. The road passes through two
defiles, cloven by the river in a rocky ridge 500
feet high, called the Knife-edge (par-i-Kdrd),
and in a mountain-range beyond. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ vol. 1 p. 84

R111-005 Qir oasis
R111-005 Qir oasis : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLQ UFI: 10391249 coordinate: lat 28.4626 long 53.0319
NIMA/GNS names: Qir , قیر ,
VARIANT names: Qir , Qir (old) ,
SOURCE for Qir
« Kārzin, Qir and Abzar(1). Kārzin is a medium-sized town: and Qir is a small town, as likewise is Abzar. All three are of the hot region, and there are abundant palm-trees here. The water is from the Zakan river; and in Kārzin is a strong castle, to which water is drawn up from the Zakan. fn. 1 All three famous in the times of the Arab geographers. Kārzin is now merely a village, Qir is a township, and Abzar town was probably at Nim Dih, the capital of the Afzar District, half a league east of Ab-i-Garm. » #1764 trans. G. Le Strange, The Geographical Part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub¯ Composed by Hamd-Allāh Mustawfi of Qazwin in 740 (1340), Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 117
SOURCE for Qir (old)
« 972 April 10 Qir-Karzin. Throughout March 1972 a swarm of shocks in the districts of Hingam and western Karzin had forced the people to live outside their homes. Early on the morning of 21 Farvardin 1351 a destructive earthquake shook central Fars, almost totally destroying the dihistans of Qir, Karzin and Afzar. (409) The earth- quake was preceded by a number of foreshocks, which at Hingam and Sarbisheh were sufficiently strong to forewarn the inhabitants. The shock nevertheless killed 5010 and injured 1710 people in 50 villages, a loss of life that amounts to about 20% of the population of the region.(410) The town of Qir, the only large settlement and centre of exchange for the Khamaseh and Qashqai tribes, was totally destroyed and almost three-quarters of its 5000 inhabitants perished. Other villages and winter camps were totally destroyed (figure 3.55). (411) fn. 409 The destructive earthquake of 14 September 1968 and the unprecedented rains early in 1972 had already weakened many houses in the region.fn. 410 The final official damage and casualty estimates were found to he unreliable. In many instances casualty figures were reckoned by subtracting the number of survivors from the official census of the villages. Later surveys showed that of the total number killed, 15% were men, 25% women and 60% children.fn. 411 The earthquake was investigated in the field by Ambraseys et al. 1972: Haghipour et al. 1972: Razani and Lee 1973a. 19735: Dewey and Granta 1973: Moinfar 1972; McQuillan 1973; Sobouti et al. 1972. The seismological aspects of the event were studied by Dewey and Grantz 1973: Niazi 1973, 1977: North 1972, » #3142 by N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melville, A History of Persian Earthquakes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005 ~ p. 101
« Characteristic of the Qir oasis are water pipes that consist of a sloping channel into which the water is drawn from a well. In several places, smaller water channels branch off from the main channel. The entire complex is about 100 m long and built of rubble stone (Table 86, 3). The Friday Mosque was destroyed beyond recognition by an earthquake. In the ruins there are some beautiful gravestones from the last century (see Chapter 3). » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 184

R111-010 Ab-e garm
R111-010 Ab-e garm : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Ab Garm , Abgarm , Ab-i-Garm , آب گرم , آبگرم ,
VARIANT names: Ab Garm , Ab-e garm , Ab-i-Garm ,
SOURCE for Ab Garm
« At 6 miles pass village of Kirdi, water from spring. Population sedentary Qashqai. Kalāntar 1911, Mehdi Khan. Road now crosses a low hill which fies across the valley, the track rising 300 to 2,000 above sea level. It descends to river again and at 9½ miles Ab Garm is passed on left bank. A track diverges hence to Mubarakābād, easier than that of Makka and in regular use. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 165
SOURCE for Ab-e garm
« Nur 4 km von Shahabad entfernt liegt ein großer Palmenhain mit einem kioskartigen Bau, der von einer heißen Quelle den Namen Ab-e garm erhalten hat (Taf. 87, 2). Der Kiosk ist ein quadratischer Bau von 14,50 m Seitenlänge und besteht aus einem zentralen Raum von 6 m Seitenlänge, der in zwei Stockwerken von schmalen Räumen umgeben wird. Die Räume des unteren Geschosses sind verschüttet, die Tonnengewölbe sind abererhalten. Durch die tiefe Verschüttung waren die Türen nicht mehr feststellbar. Von den im Obergeschoß gelegenen Räumen waren nur noch Reste der Grundmauern erhalten (Abb. 6). Der Bau entspricht in seinem Grundriß einer Ruine bei Sar Pole Zohab (1.0.). [Only 4 km from Shahabad lies a large palm grove with a kiosk-like building, which was given the name Ab-e garm after a hot spring (Pl. 87, 2). The kiosk is a square building with sides measuring 14.50 m and consists of a central room with sides measuring 6 m, which is surrounded by narrow rooms on two floors. The rooms on the lower floor are buried, but the barrel vaults are preserved. The doors could no longer be secured due to the deep burial. Of the rooms on the upper floor, only the remains of the foundation walls were preserved (Fig. 6). The building's floor plan corresponds to a ruin at Sar Pole Zohab (1.0.).] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 185
SOURCE for Ab-i-Garm

R111-009 Seifabad
R111-009 Seifabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Seyfabad , سیف آباد ,
VARIANT names: Seifabad , Seyfabad ,
SOURCE for Seifabad
« Bei dem Dorf Laghar, 16 km von Ab-e Garm entfernt, liegen zwei Tepes. Bei dem Dorf Seifabad, 3 km von Laghar, soll ein Chahar Taq erhalten sein, doch mußte ich die Suche ergebnislos aufgeben. Am Fluß liegt 1 km entfernt ein sehr großer Tepe, der für die Erforschung der Vorgeschichte dieser Gegend von großer Bedeutung werden kann. [Near the village of Laghar, 16 km from Ab-e Garm, there are two tepes. Near the village of Seifabad, 3 km from Laghar, a Chahar Taq is said to have been preserved, but I had to give up the search without success. 1 km away on the river there is a very large tepe, which could be of great importance for research into the prehistory of this area.] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ pp. 185-6
SOURCE for Seyfabad

R111-015 Qal'a Asman
R111-015 Qal'a Asman : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FT UFI: 13907072 coordinate: lat 27.893545 long 53.921391
NIMA/GNS names: Qal`eh-ye Arg , قلعه ارگ ,
VARIANT names: Qal`eh-ye Arg , Qal'a Asman ,
SOURCE for Qal`eh-ye Arg
SOURCE for Qal'a Asman

R111-018 Kaure fortress
R111-018 Kaure fortress : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 27.916167 long 53.793145 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Kaure fortress ,
SOURCE for Kaure fortress

R111-016 Sasanian fortress
R111-016 Sasanian fortress : place IRN
Supplement: cannot confirm location
VARIANT names: Sasanian fortress ,
SOURCE for Sasanian fortress
« Die Qal'a Asman bewacht den Zugang zu einer sechs Kilometer weiter westlich ge- legenen durch die nördliche Gebirgskette führenden Schlucht, der Tang-e Kaure, in der sich auf einem hohen Tepe eine weitere sasanidische Festungsanlage erhebt. Auch hier fand ich wieder die harte schwarze Ware (Taf. 87, 1, Kau 1) neben grün glasierten Scher- ben (Kau 7, 10), so daß die Anlage bis in die Sasanidenzeit zurückdatiert werden kann (Taf. 92, 3). [The Qal'a Asman guards the entrance to a gorge six kilometers further west, the Tang-e Kaure, which runs through the northern mountain range and in which another Sasanian fortress stands on a high tepe. Here, too, I found the hard black ware (Pl. 87, 1, Kau 1) next to green glazed shards (Kau 7, 10), so that the complex can be dated back to the Sasanian period (Pl. 92, 3).] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 191

R111-022 Difesh
R111-022 Difesh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Deh Fish , ده فیش ,
VARIANT names: Deh Fish , Difesh ,
SOURCE for Deh Fish
SOURCE for Difesh
Von Kariyan führt eine häufiger benutzte Piste nach Juyom an der Straße Jehrom- Lar. Auf dieser Piste gelangte ich nach 33 km zu dem Ort Difesh, in dessen Nähe sich eine große Festung auf einem Bergknollen erhebt. [From Kariyan a frequently used track leads to Juyom on the Jehrom-Lar road. After 33 km on this track I reached the town of Difesh, near which a large fortress rises on a mountain lump.]

R111-023 Benaru
R111-023 Benaru : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Banarooyeh , Banaru""iyeh , Banaru'iyeh , Banaruyeh , Bonaruyeh , Fathabad , بناروئیه , بنارویه ,
VARIANT names: Banaru , Bannarow , Benarce , Benaro , Benaroe , Benarou , Benarou , Benarroo , Benaru , Benerouw , Benirouio , Binado , Binaru , Bonaroo , Bonaru , Bonaruye , Bonaruyeh , Borun , Bunaru , Bunaruya , Carerow , village river two mills, fort (Rebelo) ,
SOURCE for Banaru
« Banaru » in {map#1203 in #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.) 31:2:152-69 ~ fig. Country between Bandar Abbas abd Siraz}
« , the karavansaray at the large village of Banaru, where many ruins were situated at the foot of the mountain, came into view. The karavansaray here also had many large cisterns. (102) Banaru, was a pleasant, not very large village, with many palm groves, and there was an old karavansaray called that of Khayrat Khan (Cheirat Chan) after a Persian, who had been an envoy from Golconda.
fn. 102 Thevenot, vol. II, p. 129; Stodart, pp. 81-2 (Carerow), which had a därigha. Winninx, 16 July (Bererovio). »#1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 77
SOURCE for Bannarow
« Next night wee got to Bannarow. The laft Towne feafted us with Traditions, this with good cheare, muſick, three kettle drummes, and fix dumb Muſquets. The ruines of an ancient Caftle (demoliſht lately by the Perfian) ſhewes its ribs, through which the coole ayre blowes, ſeldome failing from the top of that ſtupendious Mountaine: one ſide of the Caſtle wall is anatomized to the Town, the other to the ſtony Deſart. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Benarce
« sijn ontrent den avont ses mijlen van 't dorp Bery in 't dorp Benarce (2) gecomen. Hier heeft men mede in 't hangen ende selff op de toppen van 't ge- bergte 't overgeblevene metselwerk van een casteel en verscheide daerin gebouwde woonhuyskensfn. 2 De Simla kaart spelt Bararu. De hier vermelde overblijfselen wor den ook door andera reizigers beschreven als omvangrijk. [We arrived six miles from the village of Bery to the village of Benarce (2) around the evening. Here, hanging on the tops of the mountains, one also finds the remaining masonry of a castle and several residential houses built in it. fn. 2 The Simla card spells Bararu. The remains mentioned here are also described by other travelers as extensive.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 60
SOURCE for Benaro
« Persian text omitted. From Sharfu, the journey to Joym is five farsakhs. When they passed two farsakhs, they reached Benaro. It is from the side of the bean fields, so it is authentic from Qara. It has many caravanserais and many houses. There is a strong castle there, the descendants of Fath Ali Khan Gerashi rule there. » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 583
SOURCE for Benaroe
« en floegen ons neder in cen vermakelyk groot dorp, Benaroe genaamd, [and drove us down to a wonderfully large village called Benaroe,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 2 p. 264
« Den 22. dito vertrok zyn Ed: op het gewoon uur te peerd, en quam ontrent 7 uuren in 't dorp Benaroe, alwaar zyn Ed: weder door den Calenter verwellc- komt wierd. [On the 22nd of the same day his Ed left at the usual hour on horseback, and arrived at the village of Benaroe about 7 o'clock, where his Ed was again welcomed by the Calenter.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273
« Den 28. dito na 4 uuren langs een elendigen modderigen weg (door den regen veroorzaakt) gereden te hebben, in't dorp Benaroe. [On the 28th, after driving for 4 hours along a miserable muddy road (caused by the rain), we arrived in the village of Benaroe.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
SOURCE for Benarou
« 'achevai ina journée à Benarou, ou Benarhou (2), comine on l'écrit, grand village situé sur le pencliant d'une montagne abondante en dattiers, le principal arbre fruitier de ce pays et des autres contrées chaudes et arides, qui sont au-deli. On y trouve un grand nombre de puits, et grand nombre de citernes, toutes grandes: j'en comptai plus de cinquante. fn. 2 Benaroù est situé au pied d'une montagne, sur laquelle se trouvent de nombreuses et vastes ruines d'anciens édifices assez semblables à des forteresses; les habitans passent pour les meilleurs artilleurs de la Perse. Fryer's Account of East India and Persia, pag. 240. Le royaume de Lår commence à la sortie de Benároù, qui est la dernière ville de la province de Färs, suivant Tavernier, tom. 1er, pag. 745, edit in-12 (L.) [I ended my day in Benarou, or Benarhou (2), as it is written, a large village located on the slope of a mountain abundant in date palms, the main fruit tree of this country and other hot and arid regions, which are beyond. There are a large number of wells, and a large number of cisterns, all large: I counted more than fifty. fn. 2 Benarù is located at the foot of a mountain, on which are numerous and vast ruins of ancient buildings quite similar to fortresses; the inhabitants are considered to be the best artillerymen in Persia. Fryer's Account of East India and Persia, p. 240. The kingdom of Lår begins at the exit of Benárù, which is the last town in the province of Färs, according to Tavernier, tom. 1st, p. 745, edit in-12 (L.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol.8 pp. 470-1
« Nous passons au- près de deux caravansérails peu éloignés Pun de l'autre, à côté desquels sont des citernes pleines d'eau. A quelque pas du dernier, le village de Benarou semble s'élever au milieu de beaucoup de décombres. La maison du ke- lonter est environnée de murs flanqués de tours carrées d'une grande hauteur. Ce village, com- posé d'un millier d'habitans, est bâti dans le sud de la vallée, au pied d'une montagne, et dominé par un fort à demi ruiné. On m'a as- suré qu'on avait creusé dans ce fort des puits d'une profondeur extraordinaire. [We pass by two caravanserais not far from each other, beside which are cisterns full of water. A few steps from the last, the village of Benarou seems to rise in the middle of much rubble. The house of the kelonter is surrounded by walls flanked by square towers of great height. This village, composed of a thousand inhabitants, is built in the south of the valley, at the foot of a mountain, and dominated by a half-ruined fort. I was assured that wells of extraordinary depth had been dug in this fort.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 pp. 447-8
« Le vingt-cinquième, je continuai de marcher dans la plaine durant trois heures, et je m'arrêtai à Benarou, petite ville assez bien bâtie au pied d'une haute montagne, sur laquelle on voit encore des restes d'un grand château. Cette ville est frontière de la province de Fars et du royaume de Lar, qui commence à la sortie de Benarou. [On the twenty-fifth, I continued walking in the plain for three hours, and I stopped at Benarou, a small town fairly well built at the foot of a high mountain, on which we can still see the remains of a large castle. This city is on the border of the province of Fars and the kingdom of Lar, which begins at the exit of Benarou. ] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 316
« Ce lieu n'é- tait point le menzil ordinaire des caravanes. Comme il avait beaucoup plu, la terre était humide, le vent très-froid et le temps encore fort incertain: j'insistai pour que nous allassions à Bénârou, gros village avec un caravansérail, à trois farsangs plus loin. Je n'y réussis point sans me facher beaucoup, et j'arrivai le soir à Bénárou, où j'eus beaucoup de peine à trouver une petite place dans le caravansérail. Ce village a de grandes cultures et diverses plantations de palmiers. [This place was not the ordinary menzil of caravans. As it had rained a lot, the ground was damp, the wind very cold and the weather still very uncertain: I insisted that we go to Bénârou, a large village with a caravanserai, three farsangs further on. I did not succeed without getting very upset, and I arrived in the evening at Bénárou, where I had great difficulty finding a small place in the caravanserai. This village has large crops and various palm plantations.] » ##3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838., Librairie Encyclopédique De Roret, Paris, 1843 ~ pt.2 p. 525
SOURCE for Benarroo
« August 15. We rose from Beeres, and passing through Benarroo, lay at Bocktearee »#3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol.1 p. 206
SOURCE for Benaru
Hill, that is to the right of it, upon which, on the other ſide of the Kervanʃeray, are the ruins of many ſolid Buildings, that reach from the top to the bottom of the Hill, and ſeem to have been ſome confiderable place: » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 pp. 129-30
« Benaru » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 5 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Bushehr und Fars}
« Bei Regen reist man besser, wenn auch weiter um, nach Bachtiaru (Bachtiyari) 2 Farsach, von dort nach Benaru 1 Farsach. So machte ich ¼ Stunde SSW den Umweg nach Bachtiaru. [If it rains, it is better to travel, although further, to Bakhtiaru (Bachtiyari) 2 Farsach, from there to Benaru 1 Farsach. So I took a detour to Bakhtiaru ¼ hour SSW.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 117
« Fatte 25. miglia in 9.ore per terreno piano, giugnemmo il Mercordi 29. nel Caſale di Benarù. Eravamo pafſſati cinque miglia prima per lo Karvanſerà di Dedomba, vicino un picciolo Caſale; però non vi reſtammo, per non eſſere Manzil, [Having traveled 25 miles in 9 hours over flat terrain, we arrived on Mercordi 29 in the Caſale di Benarù. We were fed up five miles earlier for the Karvanſerà of Dedomba, near a small Caſale; but we did not stay there, so as not to be Manzil,] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 270
« Eine große rechteckige Wallanlage ähnlich der Qal'a-ye Gelli bei Kariyan liegt bei dem Orte Benaru am Fuße eines Berges. Die Umwallung ist langrechteckig, mit einer Seitenlänge von etwa 1 km. Am Berghang liegt ein Tiefbrunnen mit einem Förderturm, von dem eine gemauerte Wasserleitung von beachtlicher Größe in die Wallanlage herab- führt. [A large rectangular rampart similar to the Qal'a-ye Gelli near Kariyan is located near the town of Benaru at the foot of a mountain. The rampart is long and rectangular, with sides measuring about 1 km. On the mountainside there is a deep well with a winding tower, from which a brick water pipe of considerable size leads down into the rampart.] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 194
SOURCE for Benerouw
« 14 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 385
SOURCE for Benirouio
SOURCE for Binado
« BINADO, lugar · do ~ Binaru, supomos, em z8° 01' lat. N. e 53° 57' longo R, na . Pérsia. [Afonso de Albuquerque - Cartas de]. . .. . [BINADO, place of ~ Binaru, we suppose, in z8° 01' lat. N. and 53° 57' long. R, in . Persia. [Afonso de Albuquerque - Letters from]. . . . .] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. A-C p. 113
SOURCE for Binaru
« BINARU-LAT. 28° 1'; LONG. 53° 56'.A prosperous village on the north slopes of Küh-i-Bināru, on the south edge of an extensive irrigated plain. Population about 1,200; a few palm- trees. Water plentiful from cisterns and irrigation cuts. Supplies plentiful; fuel scarce. It is celebrated for its tobacco. It lies 45 miles north- west of Lär, 135 from Shiraz and 165 from Mughū Bay.Roads diverge in every direction across the open plain, the chief roads being to Bid-Shahr Biriz, Firūzābād and Jüium. On the top of the Küh-i- Binārū is an ancient ruin, named Shah Nishin, connected with a ruined mud fort, at the foot of the hill, by a ruined covered way. The hillside to the north is covered with ruins of houses, all formerly enclosed by a strong, double wall, of which the foundations alone are now visible. In the centre of the ruins are an old cistern and two dry wells, 200 feet deep.- (Ross-Jones-Wilson and Cruikshank, 1907.) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~vol. 3 pt. 1 p. 171
SOURCE for Bonaroo
« Att 4 sett out the 26th for Bonaroo, 10 farsangs; the first 2 farsangs bad war. Went over a small mountain; at the bottom a fine small spring of good water where supped and went 2 farsangs more to Murall, pretty good way. Arrived 8 at night; lay there in small but good caravensaroy till about 1 in the morning, then sett out for Bonaroo, and farsangs more; good way. Bonaroo, indeferent caravensaroy, but large village, lyes at the foot of severall mountains meeting togather.
note:
Diary of 26 February 1707/8.
Bonaroo. Binarû. See Fryer II, 198 and n. 3. Both Herbert and Thevenot stopped at "Bannarow," "Banarou," but Le Bruyn has no mention of the place. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 42 and 48
SOURCE for Bonaru
« The next Munsel we hardly Went, but Crept onward to, through almost impassable and dangerous Precipices, with all the heed imaginable, for a Trip here could not have been retrieved without the loss of our Lives; but by the Divine Providence we came to Bonaru (3), an Eight Cornered Caravan Ser Raw, Eighteen Miles from Bury; there on an Hill are the remains of a regular Fortification, with a suppliment of Outworks on every side fn. 3 Banaru, the Bannarow of Herbert (131): Benarroo of Hedges (Diary, i, 206). It lies on 28 parallel N. Lat. "But this Province [Farsistan] formerly extended no further than Banaroa, two days journey from Lar, before Sha-Abas conquered the Kingdom of Lar, and then the Kingdom of Ormus" Ormus" (Tavernier, 142). Elsewhere (252) he speaks of "Banarou, a little City well built at the foot of a high mountain, upon which appears the remains of a large Castle." » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 198
SOURCE for Bonaruye
« where he forced them to found the new town of Bonāruye after first completely demolishing the fortress, though the wall was so strong that it took several days to accomplish this. Great pieces of the foundation were left intact so that the memory of what had been there before would not be lost. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 318
SOURCE for Bonaruyeh
« Today we reached Bonāruye, a town somewhat larger than the two we had passed. It lies at the foot of a towering mountain, at the top of which [text blacked out] there stood not long ago a very strong and impregnable fortress that was surrounded by a thick wall made of stone and lime. Its ruins and its impregnable location can now be seen to cover the entire summit. It had a very large square and was spacious enough to defend a large number of people. In the center of the square was an extremely deep cistern. Encircling the wall of this fortress at the highest point of the mountain was the ancient city of Bonāruye, whose population was much larger than the town that is currently located below. »#2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 317
SOURCE for Borun
« and at the fourth hour of the night we arrived at a caravanserai named Borun, on a mountain. (21) fn. 21. Borun (Bembo's "Benaru") is 6 km from Beriz. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ pp. 294-5
SOURCE for Bunaru
« (25) Bunaru-3 farsakhs. The first place in Lar province: good road. There is a fort in ruins on the summit of amountain pass. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 notes
SOURCE for Bunaruya
« Bunārūya » in Map 1. The routes from Shiraz to the Gulf via Lår (1638-1706). (After Jacqueline Calmard, Les routes de Chiraz au Golfe Persique.) #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 5 p. 666
SOURCE for Carerow
« I further traveled 4 lges. and came over a playne to a towne called Carerow. (1) Being veri late in the night we were forst for to pich in a poore caravansero, and slept in a roome weh was full of assinegoss. (1) fn. 1 This word is crossed out in the MS. The town is obviously Binaru. fn. 1 obs. Asinego (Sp. asnico, dim. of asno) , an ass. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ pp. 81-2
SOURCE for village river two mills, fort (Rebelo)
[no place name given - description used for Route 78 stage 009. PBR]
« Ayant repris la route de bon matin, nous alla- mes jusqu'à un grand village très plaisant, près d'une autre rivière qui fait tourner deux moulins. L'agglomération est située au bout d'une vaste plaine, au pied d'une montagne escarpée. On y trouve beaucoup de dattes. Elle a un fort // en torchis mais très bien fait, avec deux bastions, et entouré de barbacanes. Dans les terrains avoisinants, nous vimes beaucoup de gazelles, gibier recherché dans la région. [] » #3268 Joaquim Verissimo Serrao, Un Voyageur Portugais en Perse au début du XVIIe siècle Nicolau De Orta Rebelo, Comité National Portugais, Lisbonne, 1972 ~ p. 111