R127path Steel and Crowther.kmz

R127path Steel and Crowther

R127-033 Isfahan
R127-033 Isfahan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013426 coordinate: lat 32.657218 long 51.677608
NIMA/GNS names: Aspadana , Esfahan , Esfehan , Isfahan , اصفهان ,
VARIANT names: al-Yahudiyya , A-su-pau-han , Esfahan , Gabæ , Hispaham , Hispahan , Hispahone , Isbahan , Isfahan , Ispahan , Ispahaun , Ispahawne , I-ssi-fa-hang , Julfa , Sipahan , Spaan , Spahan , Spahaune , Spahawn , Spahone , Ya-ssi-pau-hien ,
SOURCE for al-Yahudiyya
« al-Yahūdiyya V D3 La ville actuelle d'Isfahan. Iran. Ce toponyme désigne en principe la moitié Ouest d'Isbahän, mais il est souvent employé pour dési-gner la capitale (qasaba) tandis qu'Isbahān désigne la circonscription (kūra). I 198, 199; Η 362; Hur 58; Y 274; R 90(g); Muq 7, 23, 26, 51, 388, 389, 397, 398, 399(d), 400, 401, 402, 457-58, 459, 491 ?. Yaq IV, 1045; LS 203-204; Schw. 586 + index. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 45
SOURCE for A-su-pau-han
« same as Ya-ssi-pau-hien in Amoy dialect » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Esfahan
SOURCE for Gabæ
#836 p. 13
SOURCE for Hispaham
« Prés huit heures de courſe nous aurivâmes ſur les dix heu res du matin à Hiſpaham. [After nearly eight hours of racing, we arrived at Hispaham around ten o'clock in the morning.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 77
SOURCE for Hispahan
« And so we arrived at Hispahan. Hispahan is one of the greatest Cities in Persia, where the King sometimes keepeth his residencie. The people are industrious and curious in all Sciences, but especially in weaving Girdles and Shashes, in making of Velvets, Sattens, Dammasks, very good Ormuzines, and Persian Carpets of a wonderfull fine-nesse. Here you may buy all manner of Drugs, and Spices, and Turkeses, with store of Pearles, Diamonds, and Rubies, as also all sorts of Silkes, as well wrought, as raw. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 pp. 84-5
SOURCE for Hispahone
« This daye we came from Hispahone [Ispahan], being the last of Aprill, to Botoon [?J 1 som two leauges from the citye.
fn. 1 Not traced. Della Valle gives Bertabad in this neighbourhood. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 45
SOURCE for Isbahan
SOURCE for Isfahan
« Iṣfahān 4. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
« and from the village of Sin it is 4 leagues to Isfahan city » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« finally 4 leagues to Isfahan. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 167
« I felt almost inclined to question my eyes when I actually caught sight of the ruined fire-temple. The deserted shrine stands on the top of a hill which rises about seven hundred feet sharply above the plain at a distance of three or four miles from Isfahan. The ascent is by a winding path which starts from the southeastern slope of the elevation and proceeds by a series of natural steps formed by ledges of the unhewn rock. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 253
« Inside the shabby gateway the road to Julfa lies among rows of mean mud houses, heaps of ruins, and shabby provision bazars; and that mile or more of Isfahan was the one disagreeable part of the journey. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 244
« The aggregate distance from Yezd to Isfahan I computed to be a hundred and seventy-seven miles. The course principally west, and the road good. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 423
« je ne parlerai dans cette route que de mon dernier voyage, lorsque je partis d'Ispahan pour les Indes le vingt-quatrième de février 1665. [I will only speak in this passage of my last voyage, when I left Isfahan for India on the twenty-fourth of February 1665.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Ispahan
« avoir fait trois lieuës dans des campagnes graffes et fertiles on arrive à Ifpahan. [Having traveled three leagues through rough and fertile countryside, one arrives at Ifpahan.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73
« Et de la a Ispahan اصفهان sans aucune ville dans l'intervalle, go milles. [And from there to Isfahan (اصفهان), with no town in between, 6 miles.] » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 2 p. 166
« At last we emerged from the bazaars into the fine spacious square called Meydán- i- Shah. On our right hand as we entered it was the 'Alí Kápí (Supreme Gate), which is the palace of the Zillu ' s -Sultán, the Prince Governor of Isfahan, of whom I have already spoken » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 196
« We were conducted through several streets, through the Maidan, and before the Kings Pa|lace, to that part of the Suburbs which is called Tzulifa, where we were lodg'd in the Quar|ter of the chiefest of the Armenian Merchants, who are Christians, and have their habitations there. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197
« the 16. of Ianuary I left Ispa|han, with a retinue of three persons, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
« HAving stay'd the most part of 2 Days at Ruk, we set forward again, and on the 19 we came to the long-wishd-for Ispahan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 313
« Reise von Isfahan nach Persepolis und Schinas anno 1683 in November [Journey from Isfahan to Persepolis and Schinas in November 1683] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 85
« je me résolus de me rendre à Ispahan, le plus tôt que je pourrois, et j'y arrivai le 2 juillet, fatigué et abattu autant qu'on le peut être. [I resolved to go to Isfahan as soon as I could, and I arrived there on July 2nd, as tired and dejected as one can be.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 91
« From Guz to Ispahan through cultivated plains. Road crossed by numerous streams of water » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Ispahaun
« After we had received their Complements, they undertook to be both our Guide and Guard to Ispahaun, Three Miles farther, defending us against the unwary Insults of Thieves, with which this place is infested » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 239
SOURCE for Ispahawne
« The twenty fourth day, we entred into the City where wée staied eleuen or twelue daies.This City of Ispahawne, is a gallant City, and one of the principall Cities of Persia, and aboundeth in traffique of all sorts of Merchandize. There are ma|ny great Surroies, where are houses made of purpose for the laying in and kéeping of Merchants goods, and to harbour and lodge themselues and their Camels Horses or other Cattle, and prouision; the profits of which Surroies redound to the King only. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 53
SOURCE for I-ssi-fa-hang
« name written in the Yaun period » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Julfa
« From Daulatabad to Julfa 22¾ miles. » #3529 Henry Blosse Lynch, Across Luristan to Ispahan, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, London, 1890 vol. 12:no. 9:pp. 533-553 ~ p. 551
« #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ » #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ p. 170
SOURCE for Sipahan
« (2) The city of Isfahan (Sipahān) consisted of two parts, Shahristān (also called al-Madina and Djayy, evidently the seat of the governor) and Djahüdhān (Arabicised: al-Yahūdiyya, i.e. the old Jewish quarter). See Hudud al-'alam, 131; al-Istakhri 198-9; Yākūt, 343. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 9 p. 220
SOURCE for Spaan
« 3 The city of Spaan, Spahan, or Ispahan, by the Arabians called Isfahan, situated in the southern part of Persian Irak, is well known as the magnificent capital of the kings of the Sefi family, which, espe- cially during the reign of Shah Abbas II., exceeded in splendour, as well as extent, most Asiatic cities. It fell under the dominion of the Moghuls in 1221, and was taken, plundered, and nearly destroyed by Tamerlane in 1387. » #3318 ed. Thomas Wright trans. Marsden, The Travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian, The Translation of Marsden Revised, with a Selection of his Notes, H.G. Bohn, London, 1854 ~ p. 49 fn. 3
« We remained in this city of Spaan with His Majesty until the 25th of this month, during which time we were invited by His Majesty to frequent banquets. Spaan appears to be a very convenient city. It is situated in a plain abounding with all kinds of provisions. It is said that, as the city refused to surrender, much of it was destroyed after it had been taken. It is surrounded by a wall of earth like the others. From Tauris to Spaan is a twenty-four days' journey, through a country entirely belonging to Persia, consisting of a very arid plain with salt water in many places. » #383 Barbaro, J. and Contarini, A., Travels to Tana and Persia, Hakluyt Society:Burt Franklin, Cambridge:New York, 1873:1963-6, ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Spahan
« December 1.-I hired 125 Camells to carry mine and Mr. Robert Dowglasse's Bales, at Mahmoodies 80 for 100 Maunds Tauris, to Bagdat, and 13 mules to carry our luggage, at Mah-moodies 90 per 100 Maunds Tauris.¹December 13. This day I left Spahan, and began my journey towards Aleppo, by way of Bagdat. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 213
« La ville de SPAHAN autresfois appellée, comme veulent aucuns Hecatompyle, eft fort grande; mais elle n'a point de for-tereffe, ny aucun beau palais, elle n'a pas fi grande difette d'eau comme CASBIN, mais elle a auffi beaucoup plusbeſoin de bois. [The city of Spahan, formerly called, as some would have it, Hecatompyle, is very large; but it has no fortress, nor any beautiful palace, it does not have as large a water supply as Casbin, but it also has much more need of wood.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 134
« siendo cosa increible el grande numero de estas naciones que en la ciudad de Spahan está rrecogido, no cabiendo en los muchos y grandes carauasares que en la giudad ay, por no tener casas propias en que biuir. [It is incredible how many of these nations are gathered in the city of Spahan, not fitting in the many large caravanserais in the city, because they have no houses of their own to live in.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 pp. 24-5
SOURCE for Spahaune
« 5 February 1707/8. Departed from Spahaune [Isfahan] the 5th February at 3 after-noon. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Spahawn
« One of the oldest and best accounts of Ispahan, soon after the period of Shah Abbas's government, is given by Sir Thomas Herbert, an English traveller, who visited it in 1627, and parts of whose description are so curious as to be worth transcribing, especially as his book is not now so easy of access to the general reader. He says:-'The imperial city of Spahawn is in thirty-two degrees thirty-nine minutes north; is seated in the kingdom of Parthia, in a fair plain and pleasant horizon. It is by some called Spaan, and by others Spahan and Hispahan, as their several dialects concorded. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ note p. 231
« ISFAHAN-Telegraph Station. In the Persian province of Irak-Ajim; pronounced "Spahawn." » #3181 Bradshaw's Through Route Overland Guide to India, and Colonial Handbook, W. J. Adams and sons, 1884 ~ p. 253
« The tenth of Aprill wee fet out from Spahawnet a village fix miles South from Spahawn: when we had gone a farfang (three miles,) we were ſtayed by the way to taſte a banquet in a ſpacious garden of the Kings, whither the Engliſh Agent and ſuch other Chriftian Mechants as were in Spaharon came out to attend our Lord Ambaffador: a mile neerer the Citie, the Vifier, the Sultan of Spahawn, Meloyembeg and Hodge nazar the Armenian Prince with foure thousand horse and innumerable foot, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Spahone
« The 27th daye we came to on of the Kinges garde[n]swch is wthin an English mile of the citie of Spahone [Ispahan], wher we rested this daye and layd in a muskeet [mosque] this night, weh is ouer against the garden gate. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Ya-ssi-pau-hien
#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12

R127-034 Serail
R127-034 Serail : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 32.868299 long 51.370338 Supplement: Sheikh Ali Khan Caravanserai کاروانسرای شیخ علی خان VARIANT names: Caramossora , Challisea , Karavanserail Caleh Siyah-ye Now (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) , Sheikh Ali Khan Caravanserai , Sheikhali Khan , Tchah-e-Siyah now , SOURCE for Caramossora « As all the company was assembled, the Caravan-Baxi , (3) or the Captain of this land fleet, had the signal for starting given and we left. We travelled five farsanguas the first day (each farsangua, (4) I think, was equal to a league and a half of Spanish measure) and encamped at the first Saray, (5) or, as the Industani idiom is, Caramossora. fn. 3 Leader of the Caravan. See Chap. LXXIII , n. 11. fn. 4 This is the Persian word farsang, from the earlier form parasang. It was supposed to be derived from the "milestones" (sang), used to mark distances along main routes. Generally taken as equal to 8,000 cubits, it was in fact a very elastic measure, being in some cases a sight test, e. g. the distance at which a man could dis-tinguish a white from a black camel, and in others a sound test, or the distance at which a drum could be heard. The old Babylonian farasang was equal to 3.523 miles; the modern farasang is equal to about 3.9 miles. But it seems more often to have been a time measure, the time taken in covering a given distance. Man-rique puts it at one and a half Spanish leagues, or about six miles. In the Babur Nama the yighach, a similar unit, is said to average eight miles at one place, while elsewhere forty-eight miles equal nine yighach, giving an average of 5-3 miles. Manrique therefore is probably fairly correct in his estimate. See Stack, Six Months, p. 72; Curzon, Persia, i. 33 n.; Layard. Nineveh and Babylon, p. 59; Babur Nāma, p. 4, n. 5; p. 83, n. 2. fn.5 Saray (sarãi) is a Tartar word, and originally meant "a palace". The Levantine Franks converted this into Serraglio and Serrail, as applied to the Sultan's palace. It has, however, long been used in Persia and India to signify a rest-house for travellers. See Hobson-Jobson, s. v. Serai. » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 2 pp. 364-5 SOURCE for Challisea « December 15. We rose from Mahmoot-Alli-Beig's Caravan-sarai and lay at Challisea, where y present Veseir, Sheck-Alli-Chan, is building a new large Caravansarai. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 213 SOURCE for Karavanserail Caleh Siyah-ye Now (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) « Karavanserail Caleh Siyah-ye Now (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) (Taf. 8,1-8,4) (Abb. 12; 66) (54)Lage: 16 km südöstlich von Qal'eh Robat Sangi und 6 km nordwestlich von Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim und Kara-vanserail Cahar Bordj, in +1690 m ü.N.N., an der Route Esfahan - Golpayegan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabteilungen, zwei Wohnhöfen, Kuppel über dem vorgezogenen Eingangsbau. Außen abgerundete Ecken, keine Türme.Abmessungen: 86 x 80 m Außenmaße (ohne Portalvorbau), 49,90 x 40,70 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe der Kuppel 10,20 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 10,20 m (Abb. 67).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,5 cm) auf steinverkleidetem Sockel und steinerne Portalrahmung.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Über dem Ein-gang ein Obergeschoß. Das Gebäude ist gut erhalten. Inschriften: über dem Portal angebracht.Datierung: Durch die Bauinschriften in das Jahr 1687.Die Portalrahmung zeigt einen Rundstab, der aus einer Vasenbildung herauswächst (Abb. 68). Am Karavanserail sind zwei verschiedene Formen von Steinmetzzeichen vertre-ten (Abb. 68). fn. 54 Ebenda, 175 ff. Schnitte und Ansichten wurden am 11. 9. 1988 vermessen. [Chaleh Siyah-ye Now Caravanserai (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) (Plates 8.1-8.4) (Fig. 12; 66) (54) Location: 16 km southeast of Qal'eh Robat Sangi and 6 km northwest of Robat Chaleh Siah-ye Qadim and Chahar Bordj Caravanserai, at 1690 m above sea level, on the Isfahan-Golpayegan route. Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stables, two residential courtyards, and a dome over the projecting entrance building. Rounded corners on the exterior, no towers. Dimensions: 86 x 80 m exterior dimensions (without portal porch), 49.90 x 40.70 m courtyard dimensions, height of the dome 10.20 m, height of the portal structure 10.20 m (Fig. 67). Building material: Fired bricks (22 x 22 x 4.5 cm) on a stone-clad base and stone portal frame. Structural features and condition: An upper floor above the entrance. The building is well preserved. Inscriptions: Attached above the portal. Dating: Based on the building inscriptions, to the year 1687. The portal frame shows a round rod emerging from a vase-shaped structure (Fig. 68). Two different forms of stonemason's marks are present on the caravanserai (Fig. 68). fn. 54 Ibid., 175 ff. Sections and views were surveyed on September 11, 1988.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 39 SOURCE for Sheikh Ali Khan Caravanserai SOURCE for Sheikhali Khan «1668-012 Sheikhali Khān Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 52 5.37 E51 22 13.45 0.82 ha 15.46 ha» [accessed 10 Jan 2026] SOURCE for Tchah-e-Siyah now « The La branche Nord franchit une faible hauteur de schiste noir. Tout de suite après un petit col éventé cette ancienne voie s'infléchit pour suivre le cours d'un ravin se perdant dans la plaine de Tchâh-e-Siyâh now. Dès le col on aperçoit les ruines d'un très ancien caravansérail : Tchâh-e-siyâh Qadim (site 4) qui révèle, ainsi que ses successeurs proches, la tragique histoire d'un point d'eau agonisant. Ce très intéressant monument qui date du début de l 'Islam, environné de traces plus anciennes, fut relayé 500 m. plus bas, par un autre caravansérail : également un tchâh-e-Siyâh d'époque mongole , appelé aussi Tchâhâr-Bordj (les quatre tours) (site 9) . Quand la source, malgré les efforts de captage, se fut révélée déficiente, 6 km. plus loin, dans la plaine alluviale, des ghanats furent forés par un Mi nistre de Châh Soleyman et en 1687 A.D., un des plus curieux caravansérails iraniens, Tchâh-e-Siyâh now y fut inauguré (site 27) (1). fn. 1Sur certaines cartes, ces monuments sont appelés, par erreur, Tchehelhessieh. Ces erreurs très fréquenteset qui gênent considérablement les recherches, sont dues aux transcriptions phonétiques de voyageurs ignorant la langue, auxquelles s'ajoutent celles faites au cours de la mise au net de notes hâtivement rédigées.[The northern branch crosses a low rise of black schist. Immediately after a small, winding pass, this ancient route bends to follow the course of a ravine that disappears into the Tchâh-e-Siyâh now plain. From the pass, one can see the ruins of a very ancient caravanserai: Tchâh-e-siyâh Qadim (site 4), which, along with its immediate successors, reveals the tragic story of a dying watering hole. This very interesting monument, dating from the beginning of Islam, surrounded by older remains, was replaced 500 meters lower by another caravanserai: also a Shah-e-Siyah from the Mongol period, also called Tchâhâr-Bor4j (the four towers) (site 9). When the source, despite efforts to capture it, proved deficient, 6 km further on, in the alluvial plain, ghanats were drilled by a Minister of Shah Sulayman and in 1687 AD, one of the most curious Iranian caravanserais, Tchâh-e-Siyâh now, was inaugurated there (site 27) (1). fn. 1 On some maps, these monuments are mistakenly called Tchehelhessieh. These very frequent errors, which considerably hamper research, are due to phonetic transcriptions by travelers unfamiliar with the language, to which are added those made during the editing of hastily written notes.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 10

R127-035 Serail
R127-035 Serail : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 33.048572 long 51.03201 † basis (p)
Supplement: Hasanijeh Caravanserai کاروانسرای حسنیجه
VARIANT names: Hasanijeh Caravanserai , Husseini caravanserai , Karavanserail Hoseyndjeh ,
SOURCE for Hasanijeh Caravanserai
SOURCE for Husseini caravanserai
« Our stage to-day was to Deh Hak, and at 2.45 p.m. we arrived at a large village, with a fine-looking but ruinous caravanserai. Ghulamshah and I took it for granted that this was Deh Hak, and dismounting prowled about the ruined caravanserai for a part with a sound roof. ... The villaee was not Deh Hak at all, but Husseini, and I warn any future traveller against going to Hussemi with any appearance of being solitary and unprotected. Our road from here was a steady ascent ; to our ri » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ pp. 380-1
SOURCE for Karavanserail Hoseyndjeh
« Karavanserail Hoseyndjeh (Taf. 6,3-7,1) (Abb. 12; 58) (51)Lage: Das Karavanserail (bei M. Siroux: Aznidjeh) steht 36 km südöstlich des Karavanserails Madar-e Shah am Paß von Dhor (Dar/Dor), 30 km südöstlich der Station bei Khun-dab und 18 km südöstlich des Ortes Khundab, in +1880 m ü.N.N., am Wege von Esfahan nach Golpayegan, am Rande des gleichnamigen Dorfes.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, Rundtürmen an den Außenecken und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 58,30 x 50 m Außenmaße, ohne Turmund Portalvorsprünge, 28,50 x 23 m Hofabmessungen. Kuppeldurchmesser 6,50 m (Abb. 59), Höhe der zugespitzten Kuppel 10,70 m und Höhe des Portalbaus 8,40 m (Abb. 60).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,5 cm) auf stein-erkleidetem Sockel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude ist rheblich beschädigt.Inschriften: Inschriftnische über dem Portal, Inschrift erlorengegangen.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert, wahrscheinlich Leichzeitig mit Karavanserail Dhor (Dar/Dor) erbaut. fn. 51 Siroux, a.a.O., 144 ff. Der Plan des Obergeschosses, Schnitte und die Frontansicht wurden am 13. 6. 1987 vermessen. [Hoseyndjeh Caravanserai (Plates 6.3-7.1) (Fig. 12; 58)51Location: The caravanserai (in M. Siroux: Aznidjeh) stands 36 km southeast of the Madar-e Shah caravanserai at the Dhor (Dar/Dor) pass, 30 km southeast of the station at Khundab and 18 km southeast of the village of Khundab, at an altitude of 1880 m above sea level, on the road from Isfahan to Golpayegan, on the outskirts of the village of the same name.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stables, round towers at the outer corners, and a projecting portal.Dimensions: 58.30 x 50 m external dimensions, excluding tower and portal projections, 28.50 x 23 m courtyard dimensions. Dome diameter 6.50 m (Fig. 59), height of the pointed dome 10.70 m, and height of the portal structure 8.40 m (Fig. 60).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/4.5 cm) on a stone-clad base.Structural features and condition: The building is significantly damaged.Inscriptions: Inscription niche above the portal, inscription lost.Dating: Safavid, 17th century, probably built at the same time as the Dhor (Dar/Dor) caravanserai. fn. 51 Siroux, op. cit., 144 ff. The plan of the upper floor, sections, and the front elevation were surveyed on June 13, 1987.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 36

R127-040 Golpignan (Chulpaigan)
R127-040 Golpignan (Chulpaigan) : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3064684 coordinate: lat 33.453702 long 50.288361 NIMA/GNS names: Golpayagan , Golpayegan , Gulpaigan , Shahr-e Golpayegan , گلپایگان , VARIANT names: Chulpaigan , Chutpaigan , Darbaygan , Garbadakan , Garbadaqan , Ghiul-pai-gan , Ghulpaigan , Gilpaigon , Golpayagan , Golpigan , Goolpyegan , Gulpaigan , Gulpaygan , Gurbayigan , Jarbadakan , Jarbadiqan , Jurbadhakan , Jurbadhqan , Kulpadgun , Samrah , SOURCE for Chulpaigan « The 7th, eight p. to Golpigan, [Chulpaigan.] » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 218 SOURCE for Chutpaigan « Chutpaigan » in {map#1327 Persia. J. and G. Menzies sculpt., Edinr. (Drawn and engraved for Thomson's New general atlas, 1817), Thomson, John, 1817, David Rumsey Map Collection List No: 1007.048 fig. } SOURCE for Darbaygan « Jarbādiqān: It is the Arabicized form of Darbāygän or Gulbaygan. The city is located at 85½ degrees longitude and 34½ degrees latitude, between Karaj and Hamadān. It is said to have been founded by Huma, the daughter of Bahman the Kayānid. It has a moderate climate; water is gotten from a river with the same name. Its grain prod-ucts are fine. There are 50 villages in the district (of Jar-badiqān). The state dues are 4 tomans and 10,000 dinars. Dalijān (text: Dalnjān), a mid-sized city in the past but now in ruins, is one of the villages of this district. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 1 p. 257 SOURCE for Garbadakan « s a matter of fact, the older name of Gulpaigan was Garbādakān in Persian, or Jarbadakan in the Arab geographers, and in still earlier times it is said to have been called Samrah, after a daughter of the Keianian queen Humai who is alleged to have founded it. (2) fn. 2 See Yakut, p. 152, for the former statement, and compare Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 152, note, for the latter. Yakut (p. 153) speaks of Jarapādakān' (Gulpaigan) as 'a large and celebrated place. For other allusions to the town see likewise Sadik Isfahani, Geo-graphical Works, p. 86; Mokad-dasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 257, 402 (mere mention); and Ibn Khordadhbah, ed. De Goeje, 6. 20, 155. Consult furthermore Tomaschek, Zur histor. Topog. von Persien, in Sb. Akad. Wiss. zu Wien, 102 (1883), pp. 168, 171. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249 SOURCE for Garbadaqan « GarbādaqānV D3 Gūlpaygān. Iran. Troisième étape sur la route Karag-al-Yahūdiyya. Qud 200; Muq 402. Yaq II, 46-47; Schw. 462, 645, 648, 924. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 40 SOURCE for Ghiul-pai-gan « Il lunedi, con lunga e faticosa gior-nata andammo a mezza ora di notte ad alloggiare in Ghiul-pai-gan, città simile ad Hamadan, ma più piccola; ... Attraver-sammo la città per mezzo, da un capo all'altro, che non era aucora scuro; ed usciti di là fuor delle mura, alloggiammo in un chiervan-serai nuovo, non ancor fornito e di bella fabbrica:[On Monday, after a long and tiring day, we went at half past midnight to lodge in Ghiul-pai-gan, a city similar to Hamadan, but smaller; ... We crossed the city from one end to the other, before it was dark yet; and once outside the walls, we lodged in a new, not yet furnished, and beautifully built church.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 449 SOURCE for Ghulpaigan « Ghulpaigan » in {map#410 Carte de Perse, Lisle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726; Covens et Mortier, 1742, David Rumsey Map Collection list no: 4638.082} SOURCE for Gilpaigon « We reached Gilpaigon by eight o'clock in the morning ; a journey estimated at seven farsangs from Dour. The country, for several miles as we approached the town, gave evidence of an industrious and flourishing people. Corn, melons , castor, and other products of good husbandry, enriched its fields and gardens ; which, on one side , only terminated at the rocky walls of the mountain » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 66 SOURCE for Golpayagan SOURCE for Golpigan « The 7th, eight p. to Golpigan, [Chulpaigan.] » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 218 SOURCE for Goolpyegan « Goolpyegan, for such is the most general way in which the name of the place is pronounced, contains at present about two thousand dwellings, and from five to six thousand inhabitants. The people are all Sheeah Moslems, and there are neither Jews nor Christians resident among them. Here are three poor mosques, a small and dirty bath, five khans, and several long ranges of covered streets where the bazaars are held, and the chief trades carried on. A manufacture of coarse cotton cloth and thread also exists here; but no other articles are produced, except for the immediate supply of the town itself. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 182 SOURCE for Gulpaigan « Gulpaigan is a town that was sited by the famous Italian traveller Pietro della Valle on his way to Isfahan three hundred years ago. He says that 'it resembles Hamadan, but is smaller,'and that its name is composed of the three words gul, pãi, and gān - which is merely a popular etymology. (1) fn. 1 Pietro della Valle, Viaggi, 1. 449; Travels, ed. Pinkerton, 9. 21. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249 SOURCE for Gulpaygan « GarbādaqānV D3 Gūlpaygān. Iran. Troisième étape sur la route Karag-al-Yahūdiyya. Qud 200; Muq 402. Yaq II, 46-47; Schw. 462, 645, 648, 924. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 40 SOURCE for Gurbayigan Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 92 F3 Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] [accessed 29 Aug 2025] SOURCE for Jarbadakan « s a matter of fact, the older name of Gulpaigan was Garbādakān in Persian, or Jarbadakan in the Arab geographers, and in still earlier times it is said to have been called Samrah, after a daughter of the Keianian queen Humai who is alleged to have founded it. (2) fn. 2 See Yakut, p. 152, for the former statement, and compare Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 152, note, for the latter. Yakut (p. 153) speaks of Jarapādakān' (Gulpaigan) as 'a large and celebrated place. For other allusions to the town see likewise Sadik Isfahani, Geo-graphical Works, p. 86; Mokad-dasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 257, 402 (mere mention); and Ibn Khordadhbah, ed. De Goeje, 6. 20, 155. Consult furthermore Tomaschek, Zur histor. Topog. von Persien, in Sb. Akad. Wiss. zu Wien, 102 (1883), pp. 168, 171. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249 SOURCE for Jarbadiqan « Jarbādiqān: It is the Arabicized form of Darbāygän or Gulbaygan. The city is located at 85½ degrees longitude and 34½ degrees latitude, between Karaj and Hamadān. It is said to have been founded by Huma, the daughter of Bahman the Kayānid. It has a moderate climate; water is gotten from a river with the same name. Its grain prod-ucts are fine. There are 50 villages in the district (of Jar-badiqān). The state dues are 4 tomans and 10,000 dinars. Dalijān (text: Dalnjān), a mid-sized city in the past but now in ruins, is one of the villages of this district. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 1 p. 257 SOURCE for Jurbadhakan Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 92 F3 Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] [accessed 29 Aug 2025] SOURCE for Jurbadhqan « the eastern route passed through Jurbadhqan, present-day Gulpayagan.(2)fn. 2 In 1052, Nasir-i Khusraw traveled on the mountain road from Arrajan to 18-fahân; cf. his Safar-nama (Tehran lithog.), pp. 245-46. (The gorge Shamshir-i Barid; the place Lürdaghän, forty farsakhs from Arrajān, on the border of Färs; the town of Khan Lanjan, the name of Sultan Toghril written on its gate; from Khan Lanjan to Isfahan, it is seven farsakhs.) » #2871 W. Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1984, ~ p. 180 SOURCE for Kulpadgun « Kulpadgun » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, } SOURCE for Samrah « s a matter of fact, the older name of Gulpaigan was Garbādakān in Persian, or Jarbadakan in the Arab geographers, and in still earlier times it is said to have been called Samrah, after a daughter of the Keianian queen Humai who is alleged to have founded it. (2) fn. 2 See Yakut, p. 152, for the former statement, and compare Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 152, note, for the latter. Yakut (p. 153) speaks of Jarapādakān' (Gulpaigan) as 'a large and celebrated place. For other allusions to the town see likewise Sadik Isfahani, Geo-graphical Works, p. 86; Mokad-dasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 257, 402 (mere mention); and Ibn Khordadhbah, ed. De Goeje, 6. 20, 155. Consult furthermore Tomaschek, Zur histor. Topog. von Persien, in Sb. Akad. Wiss. zu Wien, 102 (1883), pp. 168, 171. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249

R127-041 Curouan
R127-041 Curouan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3071137 coordinate: lat 33.638893 long 50.08003
NIMA/GNS names: Khomein , Khomeyn , Khowmeyn , Khumain , خمين ,
VARIANT names: Abqisa , Abti'a , Charavend , Chomen , Humayn , Khomain , Khomein , Khomeyn , Khumai , Khumain , Kumi , Macliana ? ,
SOURCE for Abqisa
« Abti'a ou AbqisaV D3 Humayn. Iran. Deuxième étape sur la route Karag Abū Dulaf-al-Yahūdiyya. Qud 200; Muq 402. Schw. 925. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 39
SOURCE for Abti'a
SOURCE for Charavend
« La domenica passanimo una montagna fastidiosissima, perchè la strada era molto ripida e con neve molto alta; la sera alloggiammo in Charavend, [On Sunday we passed a very annoying mountain, because the road was very steep and with very deep snow; in the evening we stayed in Charavend,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 449
SOURCE for Chomen
« Chomen » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, }
SOURCE for Humayn
SOURCE for Khomain
« He gave me useful information regarding my route for the following day, and advised me to take the longer road to Khomain because the shorter route was at the time infested by brigands, who had pillaged several caravans. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 248
SOURCE for Khomein
« In less than two hours more, on a winding course of from east to south-east, we entered Khomein, where we made our halt at a khan, as incommodious as most of the smaller ones stationed in the way. ...The village of Khomein occupies a great extent of ground, though its population does not much exceed two thousand souls.The Sheik, or civil governor, for there are no military in any of these villages, has a large and good house, with gardens attached to it. There were in this man's service three Russians, who had been taken prisoners in the last war; » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 180
SOURCE for Khomeyn
« Khumain: see Khomeyn PPL 33°38'N 50°04'E IR19 VT12 NI39-10 » #2938 Gazetteer of Iran Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names, Defence Mapping Agency, Washington D. C., 2nd ed. 1984, ~ vol. K-Z p. 952
SOURCE for Khumai
« At 19½ miles a dry river-bed is crossed by a well-built brick bridge, and Khumai is reached. There are said to be 2,000 houses, and, including some eleven villages round about, the yearly produce amounts to 15,000 kharwars of grain. Water is obtainable from a good ganat. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 237
SOURCE for Khumain
« Khumain » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. I-39O Gulpaigan}
SOURCE for Kumi
« Our menzil was to be Kumi, one of the pretty shaded hamlets I had admired at a distance ; and which we approached by the picturesque addition of a fine bridge of three arches , thrown over the bed of a dry river. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 71
SOURCE for Macliana ?
« December 24.- We lay at Mecliana. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 214

R127-042 Showgot
R127-042 Showgot : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3064353 coordinate: lat 33.898613 long 49.887184
NIMA/GNS names: Gili , Gilli , گیلی ,
VARIANT names: Gili ,
SOURCE for Gili
« At 9½ miles the village of Gili is reached. There are 60 houses and a qanat. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 238

R127-043 Saro (Sari)
R127-043 Saro (Sari) : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3053519 coordinate: lat 34.094935 long 49.698089
NIMA/GNS names: `Iraq , Arak , Soltanabad , Sultanabad , اراک , سلطان آباد ,
VARIANT names: Arak , Iraq , Scehrachird , Schehrino , Shehr i no , Sultanabad ,
SOURCE for Arak
« The Baghdadi Shāhsivän wintered in the neighbourhood of Tehran and in the district between Kumm, Sultānābād (Arāk), Sāva and Tehran, and summered in Kharakan and Khaladjistan (Hamadan) up to the frontiers of Khamsa. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 4 p. 858
SOURCE for Iraq
« M. T. Route No. V - Section D. Dilijan to Iraq (Sultanabad) Via Khumain. » #3207 General Staff, India, M.T. Routes in Persia. Volume 1 – Main Routes. 1942, ~ p. 204
SOURCE for Scehrachird
« Il giovedi, al-loggiammo in una buona casa di un grosso luogo chiamato Scehrachird. [On Thursday, we stayed in a good house in a large place called Scehrachird.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 449
SOURCE for Schehrino
« Schehrino » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, }
SOURCE for Shehr i no
« Irak 'ajam, as the name of a province, or even region, is now obsolete; while Irak stands for a little district south-west of Kom, with Sultanabad or Shehr i no, ie. the new town, as its governor's residence. (1) Before the Arab conquest the greater part of the country, later on called Irak 'ajam, was known as Fahlev, or Pahlev,fn. 1 Sultanabad was founded in 1808 by Yusuf Khan Gurji, i.e. the Georgian, who had then been made governor of the Irak province, and commander-in-chief of the 12,000 men, regular infantry, recruited in that province. »
#3375 Albert Houtum-Schindler, Eastern Persian Irak, 1897 ~ p. 5
SOURCE for Sultanabad

R127-044 Dissabad
R127-044 Dissabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Dizabad , ديز آباد ,
VARIANT names: Deezabad , Dizabad , Diz-abad ,
SOURCE for Deezabad
« December 30. We rose from Saroo and lay at Deezabad: 5 hours riding. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 214
SOURCE for Dizabad
« Dizābād contains 200 houses but no decent accommode tion; water is supplied by a canal from the river. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 239
SOURCE for Diz-abad
Il nome della terra è mal pronunziato da loro Dizavà, ma si scrive Diz-abad, cioè colonia di Diz. [The name of the land is badly pronounced by them Dizavà, but it is written Diz-abad, that is, colony of Diz.]

R127-045 Tossarkhan
R127-045 Tossarkhan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Tooyserkan , Tuisarkan , Tuysarkan , Tuyserkan , تویسرکان , تيسركن ,
VARIANT names: Toʃarcan , Tooyserkan , Tossarkan , Touisserkan , Tui Sarkan ,
SOURCE for Toʃarcan
« Toʃarcan » in {map#410 Carte de Perse, Lisle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726; Covens et Mortier, 1742, David Rumsey Map Collection list no: 4638.082}
SOURCE for Tooyserkan
SOURCE for Tossarkan
« So we continued on our way for several days, which we merely reckoned, and through places of no importance, till on the eleventh day we reached Tossarkan, (6) a fine city, surrounded by fresh gardens and groves, Owing to its abundant supply of excellent water. We stayed three days in this City, during which the merchants bought and sold.
fn. 6 It must have been some ioo miles from Ispahan. It is shown only on early maps, e.g. on a map by de Witt in the Bodleian (N. D.), in one by J. Covans and Corneille Mortier, Paris (N. D.), etc. » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 2 p. 366
SOURCE for Touisserkan
« It passes several imposing tepes and the small town of Touisserkan where there is a pleasant Mongol tomb-tower with a fluted conical roof, standing in a field about 1 km. on the western side of the town. The mausoleum contains a tombstone with an inscription in Hebrew. » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 121
SOURCE for Tui Sarkan
« at 13 m. top of gardan of Bāgrābād, 5,650' on the W. side of which is the village of that name. The road then follows the contour of the hills to the right in its descent to the valley beyond-a road branching N.-E. to Tüi Sarkan at 15 m. The village of Parasiab (5,800') is reached at 18 miles. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 666

R127-046 Kindaner
R127-046 Kindaner : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLA2 UFI: 15360297 coordinate: lat 34.50195101 long 47.96660413
NIMA/GNS names: Kangavar , کنگاور ,
VARIANT names: Chienghicuer , Concobar , Concovar , Jeniara , Kandavar , Kangavar , Kangawar , Kangowar , Kangur , Kanguvar , Kengauar , Kengavar , Kengawar , Kienghevar , Kingawar , Konkobar , Kungavar , Quingavar ,
SOURCE for Chienghicuer
« Il venerdì al 20 di gennaio andammo ad allog-giare in un' altra grossa terra chiamata Chienghicuer; e già cominciai a conoscere il vantaggio grande che tiene il paese della Persia a quel della Turchia, di bontà, di popolazione, di coltura e d'ogni altra circostanza; [On Friday the 20th of January we went to lodge in another large town called Chienghicuer; and I already began to perceive the great advantage that the country of Persia has over that of Turkey, in kindness, population, culture and every other circumstance;] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 440
SOURCE for Concobar
« C2 [Kangavar]/ConcobarHRL Kangavar RE Κογκοβ?ρ; cf. RE Bagistana;Azarnoush 1981, 82-94 » #846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000, ~ p. 1318
SOURCE for Concovar
« We commenced our march to Concovar, another sixteen mile stage, at half-past three in the afternoon ; » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 80
SOURCE for Jeniara
« On paſſe par la Ville de Jeniara fort grande, mais fort pleine de ruines, et P'on trouve aprés pluſieurs Villages. [We pass through the City of Jeniara, very large, but very full of ruins, and afterwards we find several villages.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 131
SOURCE for Kandavar
« We reached the vale in six hours, having travelled as many farsangs from Sahadabad; and this place was to be our menzil.Kandavar, the ancient Κογκαβάρ, reduced to a village, maintains something of prolonged existence, by preserving a name so near in sound to its venerable appellation of antiquity, and shewing a few human habitations, still mingling with the ruins of the past. The village consists of about three hundred houses, most of which occupy the lofty eminence, so long celebrated as having been the site of a superb temple of Diana. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 140
SOURCE for Kangavar
SOURCE for Kangawar
« The road to Kangawar lies through a broad valley, which has many streams. Among the mountains which encompass it are the Kuh-i-Hassan, Boka, the Kuh-i-Paran, and the Kuh-i-Bozah. ... Seeing a caravan of asses approaching, I rode on as fast as I could to the well-situated little town of Kangawar, expecting him to follow shortly. At present the entrance into Kangawar is up the bed of a stream. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 pp. 129-130
SOURCE for Kangowar
« Early next morning we arrived at Kangowar, a large town situated on a hill- side . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 243
SOURCE for Kangur
« Kaylūr 7 [Kangūr 75] parasangs » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Kanguvar
« Then from Kanguvar it is 5 leagues to Bidastan » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 166
SOURCE for Kengauar
January 6.-My Nephew Hedges and I rose from Farespa (leaving Mr. Dowglasse and my Cousin Letter with y Camels) and lay at Kengauar (1). fn. 1 We have now got into the direct route from Hamadan to Bagh-dad, and it is more easily followed. This is Kangavar (Kongaver, etc.), a place of old note, the Κογκοβ?ρ of Isidore of Charax. The next stage is Sahāna, and then Bisutün (Bihistün, Baghistan, "the place of gardens", Βαγίστανον οι Βαγίστανη of the Greeks), the site of the famous spring, and of the rock-inscriptions in cuneiform, with which the name of Rawlinson is for ever associated. The next stage is the well-known city Kirmanshah. Then Pul-i-Shah ("King's Bridge"), Mah-i-dasht, Härünābād.-Y.
SOURCE for Kengavar
« De Sahana à Kengavar, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Kengawar
« lt was about an hour from hence, and past sunset, when we reached Kengawar, having been nearly twelve hours on the road; our course being about east by north, and the distance forty miles. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Kienghevar
« Au fond est, sur une petite éminence, un grand village, où nous arrivons à deux heures. Cet endroit, appelé Kienghevar, que l'on croit être l'ancienne Konkobar, semble, en effet, avoir été une ville de quelque étendue. [In the background, on a small rise, is a large village, which we arrive at at two o'clock. This place, called Kienghevar, which is believed to be the ancient Konkobar, seems, in fact, to have been a town of some size.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 254
SOURCE for Kingawar
« Kingāwar 5—it is somewhat ruined » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ p. 375
SOURCE for Konkobar
« Kangavar is a place of genuine antiquity; it was known, under the name of Konkobar, to the Greek geographer Isidor of Charax in the first century of our era; (3)
fn. 3 The first scholar to identify Kanga-var with Concobar, I believe, was D'Anville, Compendium of Ancient Geography, pt. 2, p. 460, London, 1791. Since that time much has been written about the site; see Rawlinson, JRGS. 9. 112; Buckingham, Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, pp. 150-154, London, 1829; Masson, Illus-trations of Isidorus of Charax, in JRAS. 12 (1850), pp. 97-124; Ker Porter, Travels, 2. 139-144; Texier, Description de l'Arménie, la Perse, etc., 1. 160 seq., pls. 62-64; Flandin and Coste, Voyage en Perse, Ancienne, 1. pls. 20-23, Moderne, pls. 72-74, Texte, pp. 11-14; Dieulafoy, L'Art Antique de la Perse, pt. 5, pp. 7-8, 11, 207; Curzon, Persia, 1. 51, n. 1; Mar-quart, Erānšahr, p. 24; and E. A. Floyer, Unexplored Baluchistan, pp. 424-425, London, 1882. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 237
SOURCE for Kungavar
« Kungavar » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 413
SOURCE for Quingavar
« como de una legua, de formacion caliza y yesosa, que cierran áridas montañas, detras de las cuales se halla Quingavar, poblacion de seis mil almas, y donde existen ruinas al parecer de un gran templo. Difícil es clasificar el estilo á que pertenecen, no por los embates del tiempo, sino por lo incompleto del trabajo; los capiteles, las cornisas, los bása-mentos, si bien pueden parecer de órden dóricd, sólo están trazados á grandes rasgos, [about a league away, of limestone and gypsum formation, enclosing arid mountains, behind which lies Quingavar, a town of six thousand souls, and where there are ruins apparently of a great temple. It is difficult to classify the style to which they belong, not because of the ravages of time, but because of the incompleteness of the work; the capitals, the cornices, the bases, although they may seem of the Doric order, are only roughly sketched,] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 82

R127-047 Sano : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sahna , Sahneh , Sehneh , صحنه ,
VARIANT names: Saana , Sahana , Sahanah , Sahane , Sahannah or Sanna , Sahna , Sahnah , Sahne , Sahneh , Sanah , Sanna , Sannah , Sehenè or Sahanè , Sehneh , Sihna ,
SOURCE for Saana
« It was about noon when we reached Saana, a large village seated among gardens, on the slope of a hill and having good water before it in the plain. Tbe great public khans, or caravanserai. are now discontinued, that of Bisitoon being the last to tbe eastward; so that passengers are obliged to seek for shelter among the villagers, or sleep in the open air. We halted here about half an hour, chiefly to learn the practicability of reaching a more advanced station of halt before night; » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 147
SOURCE for Sahana
« January 7. We rose from Kengauar and lay at Sahana: 7 houres riding. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 215
« De Maidacht à Sahana, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Sahanah
« September 21. -At four o'clock this morning, (our usual hour, ) we started from Sanna, or Sahanah, » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 145
« We started for Sahanah, a distance of six-teen miles, at eight o'clock in the evening. A quarter of a mile from Be-sitoon, on our left hand, we saw, by the light of the moon, some mounds which we were told had been a field-fortification thrown up by Nadir Shah: » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 80
SOURCE for Sahane
« Presque au fond se trouve Sahanè, où nous arrivâmes à deux heures après-midi. C'est un bourg planté de vignes et d'arbres fruitiers.On y perçoit un droit de capitation, qui est de trois riales pour les Arméniens ou Juifs, et d'un carapoul pour les Musulmans. Les marchandises y payent aussi un droit de péa-ges, [Almost at the bottom is Sahane, where we arrived at two o'clock in the afternoon. It is a village planted with vineyards and fruit trees.A poll tax is collected there, which is three rials for Armenians or Jews, and one carapoul for Muslims. Goods also pay a toll.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol.1 p. 252
SOURCE for Sahannah or Sanna
« At last we reached the village of Sahannah , or Sanna, where we spent the day . It was July 8 -just one year since I had left England on my adventurous journey. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 243
SOURCE for Sahna
« village of Ṣaḥna (and?) fortress of Bakhtigān, also called Mt. Lanqāwar (and?) village of Jamjāl 3—it is opposite the city of Noah » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ p. 375
« Sahna » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 413
SOURCE for Sahnah
« in 5 leagues to Sahnah village, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 161
SOURCE for Sahne
« Le jour ſuivant nous fimes fix heu res de chemin, et campames à Sahnè gros bourg. [The following day we traveled for several hours and camped at Sahnè, a large town.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 188
SOURCE for Sahneh
« There is good and ample camping space on the bank of the stream N. E. of Sähneh. Sähneh is a small but flourishing village, situated in a well-watered and cultivated valley, among gardens and plantations, at the foot of a range of precipitous hills, in which are some ancient caves and sculptures. Sähnch is remarkable for its walnut and mulberry trees. Water is plentiful. Potatoes are grown here. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 157
SOURCE for Sanah
« Por camino montañoso, completamente desierto, pero ancho casi siempre, fuí á Sanah. [By a mountainous road, completely deserted but almost always wide, I went to Sanah. ] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 83
SOURCE for Sanna
« Sanna was our menzil, four farsangs from Kangavar. This village was small , and in every way of humbler pretensions than our last quarters ; » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 145
SOURCE for Sannah
« This village of Sannah lies at an altitude of about 5500 feet, among poplar plantations and beautiful gardens, in which fine walnut trees are conspicuous. Though partly ruinous it is a flourishing little place, its lands being abundantly watered by streams which run into the Gamasiab. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 125
SOURCE for Sehenè or Sahanè
« Tornando dunque al mio proposito, dico che il mercoledi mat-tina partimmo da Scehr-neu, e con non dissimil giornata, ma un poco migliore, perchè non avevamo neve dal cielo, benchè ve ne fosse molta in terra, andammo ad alloggiar la sera a Sehenè o Sahanè, terra grossa abitata e da Curdi e da Persiani. [Returning then to my subject, I say that on Wednesday morning we left Scehr-neu, and with a not dissimilar day, but a little better, because we had no snow from the sky, although there was a lot of it on the ground, we went to lodge in the evening at Sehenè or Sahanè, a large land inhabited by both Kurds and Persians.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 pp. 439-440
SOURCE for Sehneh
SOURCE for Sihna
« Nizām al-Mulk was assassinated on 10 Ramadan 5/14 October 1092 near Sihna, between Kanguwar and Bisutun, as the court was on its way from Isfahan to Baghdad. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 8 p. 72

R127-048 Shar nuovo
R127-048 Shar nuovo : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bahtaran , Bakhtaran , Kermansah , Kermanshah , Kermanshahan , Qahremanshahr ,
VARIANT names: Caramanscia , Carmancha , Karamanscia , Karmasin , Kermanchah , Kerman-Chah , Kermanshah , Kirmansha , Kirmanshahan , Kirmisin , Qarmasin , Qirmisin ,
SOURCE for Caramanscia
« Arrivammo con non piccolo ſtento dopo tredici giorni, che uſciti eramo da Babilonia, alla prima Città di Perſia nominata Caramanſcià, numeroſa di abitanti al numero allora di dieci mila ora però ſono due anni, che è ſtata affatto rovinata dal partito degl'Aguani. [We arrived with no small difficulty thirteen days after we left Babylon at the first city of Persia called Karamanshah, which at that time had a population of ten thousand, but which has now been completely ruined by the party of the Aguans for two years.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 19
SOURCE for Carmancha
« Nous arrivâmes à Carmancha le douziéme fur les huit heures du matin. Cette Ville eft la der niere de Perſe, et n'a rien de parsiculier finon que c'eſt une grande Ville où l'on voit quantité de ruines. Je croy que c'eſt le lieu de toute la Perſe, où il y a un plus grand nombre de cimetieres, co qui fait connoître que cette Ville a été autrefois fort peuplée. [We arrived at Carmancha on the twelfth at eight o'clock in the morning. This city is the last in Persia, and has nothing particularly remarkable about it except that it is a large city where one sees a great many ruins. I believe it is the place in all of Persia where there are the greatest number of cemeteries, which shows that this city was once very populated.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 pp. 131-2
SOURCE for Karamanscia
« Accompagnatomi per tanto con alcuni Mercadanti, in tre giorni giunſi a Karamanfcia, ove ebbi rincontro, che mercè l'impegno di Mester-Darel Fattore Ingleſe, era ſtata ridata la cafa, e la libertà al Padre, il quale per riaverſi dal. fofferto travaglio fi era portato a Baffora, ſollecitandomi a darmi fretta nel cammino. [Accompanied therefore by some merchants, in three days I reached Karamanfaya, where I learned that, thanks to the efforts of Master Darrel, the English Farmer, the house and liberty had been restored to the Father, who, to recover from the suffering he had suffered, had taken me to Baffora, urging me to hasten on my journey.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Karmasin
« Kermanshah, or Kermanshahan, as it was more generally called in former times, is a place of considerable antiquity as well as the modern capital of the district of the same name. (1) fn. 1 The Arab pronunciation of theof the town varies betweenKarmasin and Kirmlsln. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 230
SOURCE for Kermanchah
« Nous arrivames le 23 en fix heures à Kirmanchah (3), ancienne ville à 30 fieues au Sud-Oueſt de Hemedan, fui-vant le Géographe Turc.
fn. 3 Kirmanchah eſt ſuivant les Etvals à 23 d de long. fur 34 d. 30 m. de lat. ſuivant le Canon de long. fur 34 d. 10 m. de lat. (4) Dinever eft fuivant le Géographe Turc 82 d. de long. fur 36 de lat. ſuivant les Etvals à 73 d. de long. fur 35 de lat. et fui-le Canon à 76 d. de long. fur 35 de lat. [We arrived on the 23rd at four o'clock in Kirmanchah (3), an ancient town 30 fieues to the South-West of Hemedan, before the Turkish Geographer.
fn. 3 Kirmanchah is according to the Etvals 23 d in length. fur 34 d. 30 m. in lat. following the Canon long. fur 34 d. 10 m. in lat. (4) Dinever is according to the Turkish Geographer 82 d. in length. fur 36 in lat. following the Etvals 73 d. in length. fur 35 in lat. and after the Canon 76 d. in length. fur 35 in lat.] »
#2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 179
SOURCE for Kerman-Chah
« Désirant håter notre arrivée à Kermán-Cháh, nous nous remîmes en chemin. Après avoir quelque temps marché dans la vallée, et traversé ensuite des collines incultes et pres-que nues, nous atteignîmes, le 19 novembre, vers midi, cette ville située au milieu d'une belle plaine. Avant d'y entrer, on passe le long de jardins plantés de divers arbres, et arrosés .par des eaux abondantes, que des canaux en-tretenus avec soin apportent des montagnes voisines. [Wishing to hasten our arrival at Kerman-Sha, we set out again. After walking for some time in the valley, and then crossing uncultivated and almost bare hills, we reached, on November 19, around noon, this town situated in the middle of a beautiful plain. Before entering it, one passes along gardens planted with various trees, and watered by abundant water, which carefully maintained canals bring from the neighboring mountains.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 232
SOURCE for Kermanshah
owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Kermanshah, 47.067, 34.317, IR, nkn, exact, 21, tmcIRa0100_048a »
« Thence there is a gradual descent to the plain, and Kermanshah is reached at 18 miles. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 154
« A short ride next day of four farsaks brought us to Kermanshah , the first town that we had seen in Persia . It stands in a fine , wellwatered plain , surrounded by lofty serrated mountains towering one above the other, with high and precipitous peaks , then still covered with snow. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 224
« We watered our horses at a small stream just below, and in the immediate skirts of the town; but not at the Kara Soo, as the maps had led me to expect from their placing that river west of Kermanshah. The appearance of the place, from this point of view, was that of a very large provincial town, but not of one which was the seat of Royalty. There were neither lofty minarets nor fine domes to be seen, and excepting the harem of the Shah Zadé, seated on an eminence in the midst of a verdant garden, and the octagonal and flat-topped kiosque of his own dwelling in the castle, there were no striking objects to arrest the attention. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 74
« our conjectures were soon set at rest by one of the company, with a long beard, saluting us in the European military fashion, and in the French language, bidding us welcome to Kermanshah. The party consisted of the Euro-pean residents of the city, together with their united trains of servants and followers: of these there were Messieurs De Veaux and Court, the two French officers, to whom we had letters; two Italians; and another person, call-ing himself a Spaniard, of whom more hereafter.We did not come within sight of the town till we had entered a deep and broad ravine, at the top of which it is situated. Kermanshah is encompassed with gardens, and decked with numerous small kiosks (pleasure-houses). It is laid out in walks, canals, and reservoirs: of water, all of which have a picturesque effect on the approach. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 pp. 13-14
« la ville de Kermanshah, dernière place forte ottomane aux mains d'un seigneur kurde. La frontière passe à l'époque par le Qareh Su, qu'on traverse sur le pont dit Pol-i Shah, [The city of Kermanshah, the last Ottoman stronghold in the hands of a Kurdish lord. At that time, the border ran through the Qareh Su, which was crossed via the bridge known as Pol-i Shah.] » #3620 Stefanos Yerasimos, Les voyageurs dans l'Empire Ottoman (XIV - XVI siecles). Bibliographie, itineraires et inventaire des lieux habites., Imprimerie De La Sociêtê Turquie D'histoire,, Ankara, 1991 ~ p. 80
« Kirmanshah, approached from the south-west, added no elements of picturesqueness to the effect. A ruinous wall much too large for the shrunken city it encloses, parts of it lying in the moat, some ruinous loopholed towers, lines of small domes denoting bazars below, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 98
« Es Aga Hassan oriundo de Bagdad, comerciante rico, rodeado, por su carácter oficial, de la mayor consideracion; la casualidad hizo, empero, que, á los tres dias de conocerle, se ausentase, y sin él, único con quien hablaba yo árabe, y me aconsejaba para la continuacion del viaje, me hallé en Kermanshah como en un desierto. [Aga Hassan, originally from Baghdad, was a wealthy merchant, surrounded by the highest regard due to his official position; however, chance caused him to leave three days after I met him, and without him, the only one with whom I spoke Arabic and who advised me on the continuation of the journey, I found myself in Kermanshah as if in a desert.] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 107
SOURCE for Kirmansha
« January 9. We rose from Bisetoon and lay at Kirmansha. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 215
SOURCE for Kirmanshahan
« Kirmanshähän, thence 6 to Jakarmis, thence 5 to Hisäkävän village, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« Kirmanshah (or, more properly, Kirmanshahan), was probably founded by Bahram IV in the fourth century A.D. and named 'city of the kings of Kirman' because Bahram had been governor of Kirman province during the reign of his brother, Shahpur III. The Sassanian city was somewhat to the north of the present town, nearer Taq-i Bustan, and was captured by the Arabs in A.D. 649. » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 131
« Kirmānshāhān 6 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Kirmisin
« Ebul Feda appelle Kirmanchah Kirmiſin, et la place à neuf lieues de Halvan. {Ebul Feda calls Kirmanchah Kirmisin, and places it nine leagues from Halvan.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 180
SOURCE for Qarmasin
« Qarmāsin ou Qarmisin V B2 Kirmānšāh. Iran. Cité de la circonscription de Hamadan. I 196, 197; Η 358, 361; Hur 19, 41; Qud 148, 198, 199, 226, 244; F 209, 211-17; Y 270; R 166; Muq 28, 51, 135, 257, 258, 384, 386, 393, 401. Yaq IV, 69-70; LS 186-87; Schw. 480 + index; DKI 371; ΕΙ II 1094-95 s.v. Kirmānšah. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 42
SOURCE for Qirmisin
« [Kermanshahan] = [Qirmisin] » #846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000, ~ p. 1318

R127-049 bridge
R127-049 bridge : place IRN (bridge)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.268419 long 46.80314 † basis (p)
Supplement: Mahidasht Bridge پل ماهيدشت
VARIANT names: Mahidasht Bridge ,
SOURCE for Mahidasht Bridge

R127-050 Kassam-Khan
R127-050 Kassam-Khan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Eslamabad , Eslamabad-e Gharb , Harunabad , Shahabad , Shahabad-e Gharb , اسلام آباد غرب ,
VARIANT names: Erounabad , Eslamabad , Eslamabad-e Gharb , Harnawar , Haroonabad , Harou-abad , Harounabad , Haroun-abad , Harunabad , Hisakavan , Jaqakawan , Shahabad-Gharb ,
SOURCE for Erounabad
« De Conaguy à Erounabad, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Eslamabad
« Haroon-abad, April 9th-four parasangs-seven hours. Aneasy road along the valley, varied occasionally by low wooded hills. This village is situated nearly at the rise of one of the sources of the river Kerah its population inhabit it only in the summer; in the winter they resort to the plain to escape the intense cold. About sixty houses and a caravanserai-shah constitute the village of Haroon-abad » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 23
SOURCE for Eslamabad-e Gharb
« A cuneiform text from Chogha Gavaneh in modern Eslāmābād-e Gharb (formerly Hārūnābād), c. 80 km east of Sar-e Pol-e Zohab, along the main (Khorasan) road, mentions the personal name Šu-Namar, » #3503 D. T. Potts, Elamite Karintas and Avestan Kvirinta: Notes on the Early History of Kerend, Iranian Studies, vol. 50:no. 3:pp. 345-367 ~ p. 347
SOURCE for Harnawar
January 25. We rose from Moydasht and lay at Harnawar.
SOURCE for Haroonabad
« Haroonabad » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 414
SOURCE for Harou-abad
« La villa più vicina che stava nella cima del più basso monticello, donde calava un grosso rivo di acqua, si chiamava Harou-abad, cioe colonia di Haron, benchè alcuni storpiando il nome dicano Harinava. [The nearest village, which stood on the top of the lowest hill, from which a large stream flowed, was called Harou-abad, that is, Haron's colony, although some distort the name and say Harinava.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 435
SOURCE for Harounabad
« We left Kirrind soon after midnight on the second day, and reached the village and khan of Harounabad an hour after sunrise . There were several encampments of Ilyats hard by. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 222
« We reached Harounabad in half an hour's ride, crossed a small bridge, and found our tents ready pitched on the opposite side, near the bank of a rapid stream . ... Harounabad is built on a gradual slope; the houses are very low, with flat connecting roofs, in successive lines one above the other : as the backs are level with the ground, the principal communication is in many places along the roofs, and we were frequently surprised in finding ourselves walking on the tops of inhabited dwellings, when we thought we were traversing the solid ground. This town, as its name implies, was formerly a residence of the famous Caliph Haroun, but we could not trace any remains of a palace fit to receive so magnificent a monarch. The town is small, » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 pp. 6-10
SOURCE for Haroun-abad
« Nous nous mimes en route le lendemain, et campames après fix heures de marche à Haroun-abad (1), gros. bourg; fn. 1 L'habitation d'Aton [We set out the next day, and camped after a seven-hour march at Haroun-abad (1), a large town fn. 1 The dwelling of Aton] »
#2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 178
« Descendus dans une plaine, nous passons un pont pour nous rendre à Haroun-Abad. Au-dessous, coule un ruisseau, qui arrose les cltamps des environs. Ge village, de trente feux seulement, est adossé à une colline, et borné de tous les côtés par des monts, dont le plus élevé, à l'E., s'appelle Karadagh (montagne noire). Il s'y trouve un grand caravansérail. [Having descended into a plain, we cross a bridge to reach Haroun-Abad. Below it flows a stream, which waters the surrounding fields. This village, of only thirty fires, is backed by a hill, and bordered on all sides by mountains, the highest of which, to the E., is called Karadagh (black mountain). There is a large caravanserai there.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 231
SOURCE for Harunabad
« The next march, to Harunabad (the place of Harun), was alternately over barren rocky ridges and small plains of fertile silt. Here was a good caravanserai, and I noticed a decided change in the features of the people. » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 442
« At 9 miles is Harūnābād, with ruined sarais and bāzār. The road throughout is passable to all arms. Harünābād is generally known among muleteers as Harūnāvā. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 152
« Hārūnābād 4 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
« A very large caravanserai and a village of sixty houses occupy the site of a town built by Harun-al-Raschid on the upper waters of the Kerkhah. It has the reputation of being one of the coldest places in Persia, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 94
SOURCE for Hisakavan
« to Kirmanshähän, thence 6 to Jakarmis, thence 5 to Hisäkävän village, thence 6 to the villages of Kirind fn. 2 Dih Hisäkävän, the next place, is not identical with any stage mentioned by the Arab Itineraries, and many variants are given, Khafärkän, Jäkävän, Hafākadan, Janākān, and Khiyārkavān. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
SOURCE for Jaqakawan
« Jaqākāwān 6 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Shahabad-Gharb
« Shahabad-Gharb (formerly known as Harunabad), is a small town about 70 km. from Kirmanshah, built right up against a mound surveyed by Stein » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 132

R127-052 village
R127-052 village : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kani Razneh , Kani Zarnah , Zarneh , Zarrineh , زرنه , كنی رزنه ,
VARIANT names: village , Zarneh ,
SOURCE for village
« and, on the 22d, at the end of eight p. I arrived at a village. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 219
SOURCE for Zarneh
« 139½ Ruins of village of Zarneh on a large tumulus 200 yds. in diameter and 100 ft. above the plain. A few of the houses are still standing. Just north of the tumulus lies a large spring called the Chasmeh-i-Zarneh, from which a stream of good water issues. » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 202

R127-053 under rock
R127-053 under rock : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 33.936395 long 45.89913 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: under rock ,
SOURCE for under rock

R127-054 Mando : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mandali , Mendali , Mendeli ,
VARIANT names: Bandanigan , Bandanigin , Bandanijan , Mandali , Mando , Mendali , Mendeli , Mundali ,
SOURCE for Bandanigan
« Bandanigān ou Bandanigin III D3 Mandali. Iraq. Cité de la circonscription (kura) de Hulwan. Hur 6, 13; Qud 235, 238; F 210, 211, 214; M 61; Muq 54, 115. Yaq I, 745; LS 63, 80; DKI 467. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 26
SOURCE for Bandanigin
SOURCE for Bandanijan
« Of the towns of Hulwan are:- Khāniqin; Zabūjān; Shalāshilan; (3) al-Jamid; (4) al-Hurr; as-Sirawan; (5) Bandanijān.(6)
fn. 6 The town called in Yaqūt al-Bandanijain (I.745). The original Persian name of the town was Wandanikān. It is, he says, a well-known place on the far side of an-Nahrawan towards the Jabal (Persian Iraq). It is a dependency of Baghdad, but might also be reckoned among the townships of Mihrijangadhaq. One of its inhabitants thus describes it: al-Bandanijain is a collection of hamlets, separate one from the other and each not visible from the others but of which the palm-trees continue with no interval. The largest hamlet was called Baqutnāyā, where there was a market and where the Governor's house and the residence of the Qadhi stood. The other hamlets were Buwaiqiyā, Sūq Jamil and Filisht. »
#3135 Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Muqaddasi ed. George Speirs Alexander Ranking, Ahsānu-t-taqāsim Fi Ma?rifati-l-aqālim Volume 1, Parts 1–4, Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, No. 899, Calcutta, 1897 ~ p. 174
SOURCE for Mandali
« MANDALI-A village in 'Iraq, nearly 80 miles by road east-north-east from Baghdad and withim about 4 miles of the Persian frontier. It lies near the bank of the Gengir river and possesses a good deal of date palm and other cultivation. Mandali has a population of 1,500 souls and was formerly the chef-lieu of a 2nd class Qadha in the Baghdad Sanjaq. » #2726 Gazetteer of Arabia, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/16/2/2, 1917, ~ vol. 2 p. 1164
« A few scattered fields of barley as the town is approached. Mandali, village situated in a large patch of date gardens.It is surrounded by trees in walled gardens similar to, but much more extensive than, those in Beledrüz. » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 198
« February 13 and 14.- We lay at Mandali (1). Here we paid Rattarree: an Abassee and 8 Cosbies for every Camell, an 1 Mahmoodies and 4 Cosbies for each mule. fn. 1 Sambur and Mandali are Saümar and Mendalli (still the Turkish rontier-town) of Rawlinson (J. R. Geog. Soc., ix, 46). -Υ. »
#3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 218
SOURCE for Mando
« Three days later [ 458/1] we reached the City of Mando,10 whence, according to some Arabian writers, the Turks derive their origin. » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 2 p. 367
« #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824,18 vols~ » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 219
SOURCE for Mendali
« He advised me, therefore, to accompany it, although, in consequence of the unsettled state of the country, it would not take the direct road, but would have to pass through Mendali, a town to the north of Badra'i, which would lengthen the journey hy two or three days. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 2 p. 337
SOURCE for Mendeli
« I Persiani, che sono oggi in guerra coi Turchi, fecero poco innanzi Natale una correria nel paese di Bagdad, e rovinarono una villa grossa, chiamata Mendeli. [The Persians, who are now at war with the Turks, made a raid into the country of Baghdad shortly before Christmas, and ruined a large villa, called Mendeli.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 425
« Mendeli » in {map#1120 in #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~}
SOURCE for Mundali
« e per arrivare a Mundali, luogo popo-fato, ed abbondante di Dattoli, benche foffe folo otto ore diftante da dove ſi era partito la mattina al far dell'alba, non vi gionfimo, che alle ore quattro di notte, convenendoci più volte reggere le beſtie, e cadervi fotto frequentemente. [and to reach Mundali, a populous place, and abundant in Dattoli, although it was only eight hours from where we had set out in the morning at dawn, we did not arrive there until four in the morning, having to restrain the animals several times, and falling down frequently.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 18

R127-055 Emomester
R127-055 Emomester : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 33.76412 long 45.343791 † basis (a)
VARIANT names: Emomester , Iman Esker , Imanesker ,
SOURCE for Emomester
« I came to Mando, eight p. a town belonging to the Turks. The 25th, eight p. to Emomester. The 26th, eight p. to Boroh, passed over a river in a boat, and came that night to Bagdat. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 219
SOURCE for Iman Esker
« Iman Esker » in {map#1328 in #3478 Jean Pierre Edmond Jurien de La Gravière, Les campagnes d'Alexandre, E. Plon et Cie., 1883 ~ fig. Carte de la Perse Orientale, a l'époque actuelle. Dressée par M. Calixte Al Ary, Dessinateur Au Dépôt Des Cartes Et Plans De La Marine, Membre De La Société De Géographie, sous la Direction de M. Le Vice Amiral Jurien De La Gravière,}
SOURCE for Imanesker
« Imanesker » in {map#410 Carte de Perse, Lisle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726; Covens et Mortier, 1742, David Rumsey Map Collection list no: 4638.082 fig. }

R127-056 Boroh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bahriz , Bohriz , Buhriz ,
VARIANT names: Bahriz , Beherus , Bourous , Buhris , Buhriz , Buwahriz ,
SOURCE for Bahriz
« Bahriz » in {map#1400 in 'Handbook of Mesopotamia. Vol. III. 1917' [?421] (430/432), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/41/4, in Qatar Digital Library}
SOURCE for Beherus
« Ad un'ora di giorno in circa arrivammo ad un fiume non grande da me, come credo, altre volte a V. S. nominato, che si chiama Diala, ed entra nel Tigri; e per pas-sarlo, perchè vi era solo una barca, vi consumammo fin al mez-zogiorno. Ho qualche sospetto che il Diala non sia quel fiume. ... Passato noi il Diala, ci attendammo nella riva di là sotto una villa che vi è, chiamata Beheruz: [About one o'clock in the morning we reached a river, not large, as I believe, which you have mentioned before, called the Diala, and which flows into the Tigris. We spent a long time crossing it, as there was only one boat, until midday. I have some suspicions that the Diala is not that river. ... Having crossed the Diala, we encamped on the bank below a village there called Beheruz.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 pp. 427-8
SOURCE for Bourous
« De Bagdat à Bourous, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Buhris
« Nous fimes la nuit ſuivante neuf heures de chemin, et arrivames le furlendemain a Buhris, gros village ſitué auprès de la même rivière. [The following night we traveled nine hours, and arrived the following day at Buhris, a large village situated near the same river.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 169
SOURCE for Buhriz
SOURCE for Buwahriz
« Buwahriz III C3 Buhriz. Iraq. Cité de la circonscription (kūra) de Bagdad. Muq 53, 115. DKI 473. [Buwahriz III C3 Buhriz. Iraq. City of the constituency (kūra) of Baghdad Muq 53 , 115 . DKI 473.] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p.

R127-057 Bagdat
R127-057 Bagdat : place IRQ
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLC UFI: -3103581 coordinate: lat 33.3386111 long 44.3938889
NIMA/GNS names: Bagdad , Baghdad , Baghdad ,
VARIANT names: Bagdad , Bagdat , Bagdet , Baghdad , new Babylon , Pai-ta ,
SOURCE for Bagdad
« nous parti-mes de Bagdad le 6 de Juin [We left Baghdad on June 6th] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 168
« Notre intention, en quittant Bagdad, était d'abord de descendre le Tigre jusqu'à Bassora, et d'aller ensuite à Bender-Bouchêhr; [Our intention, on leaving Baghdad, was first to descend the Tigris to Basra, and then to go to Bender-Bouchehr;] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 218
« We quitted Bagdad by the gate of Imâm Azam, so called from its leading to the tomb of that saint, who is venerated as the chief of the Hanefies, and whose mausoleum is about an hour's ride to the north of the city. This was the gate by which I entered on my arrival here; and being in the N. E. quarter of Bagdad, it is the principal point of arrival and departure for all the great roads on the east side of the Tigris. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 4
« At eight miles fromBagdad wemet a caravan of Persians, which appeared to form the suite of some woman of rank. Nine veiled females, all mounted astride on horses, were riding in aline. She who bythe superiority of dress appeared to be the principal lady, had her horse led by an eunuch. We arrived in Bagdad at half-past three in the afternoon, having suffered so much from the intense heat of the sun that our hands and faces were completely blistered. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 pp. 218-9
Da Ispahan, del 17 di marzo 1617.
1. Con occasione di certe lettere, che per uomo a posta spedi-sco verso Italia, non voglio mancare di far parte a V. S. del mio viaggio dalla Babilonia in qua: ma, perchè ho poco tempo, il più brevemente che potrò, conforme le scrissi da Bagdad con le ultime mie, una de'ventitrè di decembre, e l'altra poscritta del due di gennaio; il quarto giorno del corrente anno 1617 partii da quella città nel modo che dirò. I Persiani, che sono oggi in guerra coi Turchi, fecero poco innanzi Natale una correria nel paese di Bagdad, e rovinarono una villa grossa, chiamata Mendeli. [From Ispahan, March 17, 1617.
1. On the occasion of certain letters that I am sending to Italy by post, I do not want to fail to inform Your Excellency of my journey from Babylon onwards. But, since I have little time, I will do so as briefly as possible, as I wrote to you from Baghdad with my last ones, one dated December 23rd and the other postscript dated January 2nd. On the fourth day of this year 1617, I left that city in the manner I will describe. The Persians, who are now at war with the Turks, made a raid on the country of Baghdad shortly before Christmas and destroyed a large village called Mendeli.]
SOURCE for Bagdat
« I came to Mando, eight p. a town belonging to the Turks. The 25th, eight p. to Emomester. The 26th, eight p. to Boroh, passed over a river in a boat, and came that night to Bagdat. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 219
« At Hispahan I abode thirteene dayes, and spent a moneths journey to Bagdat; which is a Citie about two English miles in compasse, seated on Tigris: neverthelesse it is very populous, and of great traffique of strangers, being the way to Persia, Turkie, and Arabia. Here I embarqued my selfe for Balsara; » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 86
« February 21. We rose from ye Caravansarai, and arrived about 12 o'clock this day at Bagdat (God be praised), all in good health, having been 71 dayes on our Journey from Spahan to this place. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 218
« D'Anna à Bagdat, jours. 4 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
« Cette eſcorte ne marcha que deux jours avec nous, et ils ſe retirerent le cinquième dés que les troupes à pied et à cheval du Bacha de Bagdat parurent.Aprés avoir un peu côtoyé le Tygre, le ſeptiéme au matin nous fùmes loger à Bagdat chez les Capucins qui occupent une maiſon du Roy, [This escort only marched with us for two days, and they withdrew on the fifth as soon as the Pasha of Baghdad's troops, both on foot and horseback, appeared.After skirting the Tigris for a while, on the morning of the seventh we were lodged in Baghdat with the Capuchins, who occupy a house belonging to the King.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 136
SOURCE for Bagdet
« The sixth day wee trauelled eightéene forsongs to the great City of Bagdet, or Babylon, where we staied vntill the twentie two day of October following.This City standeth vpon the great Riuer Euphrates, and is a great, rich, and strong City, with mighty strong wals, whereon are planted 100. and twenty péeces of brasse ordinance. » #3515 Robert Coverte, ed. Boies Penrose, The travels of Captain Robert Coverte, Wm. F. Fell co., printers, for Mr. Boies Penrose, 1931 ~ p. 85
SOURCE for Baghdad
« Parties of irregular horse were stationed at the caravanserais which have been built at regular distances on the much-frequented road between Hillah and Baghdad. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 2 p. 200
« thence 8 to Baghdad. Total (from Qasr-i-Shirin) to Baghdad 30 leagues, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« From Baghdad to Asadābād in the direction of Hamadān: » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for new Babylon
« e finalmente dopo 41. giorni di pericoloſo, e rincrefcevole viaggio fopra il Chilech, giungemmo alla nuova Babilonia, nella di cui dogana trovai il Padre Emanuelle [and finally after 41 days of dangerous and unpleasant journey across Chile, we arrived at the new Babylon, in whose customs house I found Father Emanuelle.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 17
« In ſedeci giorni dopo la noſtra partenza da Sufa arrivammo in Babilonia, dove trovai il Padre mio-Compagno, che di già ritornato era da Baffora ammalato. [Sixteen days after our departure from Sufa we arrived in Babylon, where I found my Companion Father, who had already returned from Baffora and was ill.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Pai-ta
#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 117, 122 note 13

R127-000 Candahar
R127-000 Candahar : place AFG
NIMA/GNS names: Candahar , Kandahar , Kandhar , Qandahar ,
VARIANT names: Alexandropolis , Candahar , Kandahar ,
SOURCE for Alexandropolis
in Afghanistan.
~
owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Alexandropolis, 65.717, 31.617, AF, nkn, exact, 131, tmcIRa0100_008a »
Alexandria or Alexandria-in-Arachosia, or Alexandropolis (Qandahar) Afghanistan.
Founded in the spring of 329 at or near Qandahar; the name is a corruption of Alexander.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Isodore Charax 19; Woodcock, Greeks in India 27, 111.
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites
Edited by: Richard Stillwell
SOURCE for Candahar
« The 15. day we came to Candahar being but two course from thence, where we staied 20. or 21. daies. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 49
« We joined ourselves to three Armenians and a dozen Persian merchants, along with whom we left the city of Candahar on the 23d July, » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 213
« Den 21. Septemb. kamen wir in die erste Indianische Stadt Candahar. [On September 21st we arrived in the first Indian town, Candahar.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 70
« Candahar is a Citie of importance, which is frequented with Merchants out of Turkie, Persia, and the parts of India, and is governed by a Vice-roy. Here we abode twelve dayes, » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 85
« De Kouskiénogout à Candahar. 12 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Kandahar
« At last the formon or passport was made out, and sealed by five officials of various kinds. We left Kandahar with a small caravan, since, as I noted, besides my own party, their company did not exceed eighteen persons, four horses, and twenty-seven camels. » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 2 p. 265

R127-010 Dilaram
R127-010 Dilaram : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Dilaram , دلارام ,
Supplement: NIMA/GNS data has two sets of coordinates for the one UFI -3374035
32.15, 63.4166667,Dilaram,PPL and 32.164345, 63.426777,Dilaram,PPL. the latter has been adopted
VARIANT names: Delarum , Dilaram , Doctorcham ,
SOURCE for Delarum
« Das Castel Delarum, wohin wir den 11. kamen/lieget am Bache Hofchrot, auff einem etwas erhöheten Orte/fehr anmu thig. [The Castel Delarum, where we arrived on the 11th, lies on the Hofchrot stream, on a somewhat elevated spot, very pleasant.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 68
SOURCE for Dilaram
« The 1st August we proceeded other five p. to an old fort called Dilaram, where we paid an abacee and a half for each camel. We staid here one day to rest our cattle, which was termed making mochoane » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 214
« 12. Dilaram (13 miles-151 miles 4 furlongs).-Water, forage, and grass abundant; the road fords the Khash Rud at the end of the march; the bed of the river is 300 yards broad, with a small clear stream in the dry season about 21 feet deep. There are villages all the way; the left bank is high and steep. » #3508 Angus Hamilton, Afghanistan, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1906 ~ p. 334
« De Bakou à Dilaram. 6 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Doctorcham
« The 19. day at night we trauelled some 4 forsongs to a Towne called Doctorcham, where wee staied all the next day and night. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 50

R127-001 Seriabe
R127-001 Seriabe : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Senjaray , Sinjari , Sinjiri ,
VARIANT names: Jangeri , Sanjarai , Seriabe , Sinjiri ,
SOURCE for Jangeri
« 2. Jangeri (5 miles-12 miles). - Water procured from an irriga-tion canal drawn from the Argandab, the river one mile distant south-east; forage for camels and horses procurable. The road stony in some places but generally good; there is an abrupt descent into the bed of the Argandab river, which is easily fordable. » #3508 Angus Hamilton, Afghanistan, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1906 ~ p. 331
SOURCE for Sanjarai
« SINJIRI Or SANJARAIسنجری31-37 65-33 m. A collection of villages, containing about 126 houses with 360 inhabitants, said to be Alikozai by Biscoe, and classed as Kizilbash, Alikozai, and Popalzai by Stewart, which gives its name to a camping ground, 4.2 miles beyond Kohkaran, and 11.2 miles from the Herat gate of the city of Kandahar on the road to Girishk. » #3495 Adamec, Ludwig W, Historical and political gazetteer of Afghanistan, Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, 1972 ~ vol. 5 p. 457
SOURCE for Seriabe
« and went ten c. to a village called Seriabe.(11)
fn. 11 We here lose the almost infallible guide of Arrowsmith's excellent map of Hindoostan, and are reduced to much inferior helps in following the route through Persia.-E. »
#1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ p. 213
« Steel and Crowther noted that after ten courses they arrived at a village called Seriabe. Coverte's Langor therefore may be a copyist's error for Sangor, while Steel's Seriabe may also be a corrupt rendering of the correct form of the halting place referred to, mostly likely Sungzirie, according to a nineteenth-century map, or Sinjiri, as it is called nowadays. (51)
fn. 51. 'Sinjiri on the road to Girishk 11.2 miles. The next stop was Khoshk-e Nakhod. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Afghanistan, vol. 5, p. 457. On Biddulph's map the village is called Sungzirie located on the banks of the Argand Ab; on the other side of the river the village of Kokoran was located. Biddulph. "Pishin and the routes.' »
#3499 Floor, Willem, Arduous travelling: the Qandahar-Isfahan highway in the seventeenth century, in: eds. W. Floor and E. Herzig, Iran and the world in the Safavid Age., I. B. Tauris, London, 2012, pp. 208-235 ~ p. 216
SOURCE for Sinjiri
« Sinjiri » in {map#1234 , , , 'Persia, Afghanistan and Beluchistan' [?26r] (1/2), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F112/623, f 26, in Qatar Digital Library fig. }
« SINJIRI Or SANJARAIسنجری31-37 65-33 m. A collection of villages, containing about 126 houses with 360 inhabitants, said to be Alikozai by Biscoe, and classed as Kizilbash, Alikozai, and Popalzai by Stewart, which gives its name to a camping ground, 4.2 miles beyond Kohkaran, and 11.2 miles from the Herat gate of the city of Kandahar on the road to Girishk. Just before reaching the camping-ground, which is to the westward of the last of the Sinjiri hamlets, the road crosses the Sang Hisar canal, 30 feet broad, by a bridge 8 feet wide of two arches, which was fit for artillery in January 1879, but would require strengthening to carry heavy vehicles.There is a direct road from Sinjiri to Kushk-i-Nakhud. Rice and Indian-corn are much cultivated near the village; firewood and forage are plentiful, as also is water from the canal, and there is good camel-grazing on the banks of the river towards Ashikan. The latter village is situated two miles to the west of camp on the Sang Hisar canal, and contains several water-mills. Some care is required in selecting a path for camels sent to graze towards the river, as they are liable to become bogged in crossing the intervening ice-fields. A solitary hill near camp forms a good signalling station. (Biscoe, Brown, Stewart, I. B. C.) » #3495 Adamec, Ludwig W, Historical and political gazetteer of Afghanistan, Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, 1972 ~ vol. 5 p. 457

R127-002 Deabage
R127-002 Deabage : place IRN
VARIANT names: Deabage ,
SOURCE for Deabage
« The 24th we came in twelve c. to Deabage, a small dea or village. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 213

R127-003 Cashecunna
R127-003 Cashecunna : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLA2 UFI: -3379662 coordinate: lat 31.62519 long 65.055108
NIMA/GNS names: Kishk-e Nakhud , Kishkinakhud , Kishkinakhud , Kuchki-Nalud , Kushk-e Nakhud , کشک نخود ,
VARIANT names: Cashecunna , Cushecunam , Cuſchkina or Jekatu , Khoosk-i-Nakood , Khushk-i-Nakhud , Kouskienogout , Kushk-e Nakhud ,
SOURCE for Cashecunna
« The 25th in eight c. to Cashecunna, a small castle in which the Mogul has a garrison, being the utmost boundary of his dominions westwards, and confining with Persia. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 213
SOURCE for Cushecunam
« Travelling on under these discomforts we reached Cushecunam (5) in five days, the place being the last outpost of the Grand Mogol in those parts. The fort stands on a stony, arid plain, surrounded by rugged mountains, whose passes serve as portals to those who trade in that region. This fort has as its normal garrison one company of a hundred horsemen, under a Captain, and some small guns in poor order.
fn. 5 Cushecinam appears on most early maps as the stage before Griche and is mentioned by several travellers. It is always shown east of Calabiche, and there is little doubt that Manrique has here gone astray, owing to the loss of his notes. It is perhaps the present Khush-ki-nakhud. He then crosses a river which must be the Helmand. »
#3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 2 pp. 341-2
« This city, moreover, is one of the most important keys to the Empire, as being the gate to the Kingdoms of Kandahar and Calabiche, (64) which are on the borders of the Ferra and Maxeter countriesfn. 64. Fr. Hosten has kindly supplied the following note: "Manrique tells us somthing more definite about the position of the City of Calabiche at P. 400. He reached it seven days after his departure from Kandahar; there they joined the main body of their caravan, but the Carruan Baxi or Captain of the Carvan, had been forced by the Nabab of the Province to place his camels at his disposal, to help in repairing the fortifications of the town, because the Khan of Ferra was marching against Kandahar with 12,000 Georgian horsemen and some troops of Persian and Khurasani infantry. The position of Killa-Bist on the Helmund seems to answer the purpose. Here they crossed the river 'Sabao, an affluent of the Indo which passes through the Kingdom of Bhakkar.' Five days later, they were at Cushecunam, the last fortress of the Moghul, in an arid, stony plain, a place not to be identified with Bernouilli's Cusheconnah, near and W. of Kandahar. On the eve of Palm-Sunday (1642) they had arrived at the first fortress of Persia, Gazichan, and on the day after Easter, the city of Ferra was reached. Cf. pp. 445-447." »
#3488 ed. Ganda Singh, The Panjab Past and Present - Volume 02 Part 2 Serial No. 4, Publication Bureau Punjabi University, Patiala, 1968 ~ p. 258
SOURCE for Cuſchkina or Jekatu
« Den 20. traten wir auff Indianischen Boden/und blieben über Nacht in einem Orte/welcher über 20. schwarze Hit Hütten nicht hatte. Etliche hiessen ihn Cuſchkina, ttliche Jekatu. Man sagte zu mir/die Einwohner wåren Usbe-gen/und niemanden/als dem Schach Selim, [On the 20th, we entered Indian soil and stayed overnight in a place that had no more than 20 black huts. Some called it Cushkina, some called it Yekatu. They told me the inhabitants were Uzbeks and belonged to no one but Shah Selim.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ pp. 69-70
SOURCE for Khoosk-i-Nakood
« We remounted when they had left, and stopped again, after two hours' riding, near a caravanserai of mud built by the English, named Khoosk-i-Nakood ; close to which we found one or two inhabited houses, with gardens, supplied with water from a kariz. Vast ruins surround this place ; the most remarkable is an immense artificial mound, anciently crowned by a fortress said to have been destroyed by Nadir Shah. This had undoubtedly been the citadel of the town, of which there are traces all round, but of which nothing habitable remains except an Imaumzadeh, where a dervish lives in charge of the tomb. » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 316
SOURCE for Khushk-i-Nakhud
« 4. Khushk-i-Nakhud (15 miles 6 furlongs — 41 miles 6 furlongs). — Abundant supply of good water from two artificial watercourses. Grass scarce, and little cultivation. A hard level road. » #3508 Angus Hamilton, Afghanistan, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1906 ~ p. 331
SOURCE for Kouskienogout
« De Ghirichk à Kouskiénogout. 10 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Kushk-e Nakhud

R127-004 fields
R127-004 fields : place IRN
VARIANT names: fields ,
SOURCE for fields
« The 26th we travelled seventeen c. and lodged in the open fields by the side of a river. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 213

R127-005 Greece
R127-005 Greece : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Gereshk , Geresk , Girishk , Nahr-e Saraj ,
VARIANT names: Gereshk , Ghirichk , Girishk , Greece , Grees , Griſta ,
SOURCE for Gereshk
SOURCE for Ghirichk
« De Dexkak à Ghirichk, ville.. 12 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Girishk
« 7. Girishk (1 mile 4 furlongs — 75 miles 4 furlongs). — Water from irrigation channels abundant. The river a mile distant to the southeast; ground somewhat broken by water-courses and damp spots. Forage both for camels and horses excellent and most abundant. Many small villages and much arable land, but comparatively little cultivated ground. » #3508 Angus Hamilton, Afghanistan, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1906 ~ p. 331
« GIRISHK (31-48' N, 64-34' E). A town on the Helmand River in Helmand (formerly Girishk) Province. It lies on the road from Kandahar to Herat, about 78 miles from Kandahar. The town, located at a strategic position and protected by a strong citadel and high walls, was destroyed by Nadir Shah Afshar, and rebuilt by Sardar Kohan Dil. In 1839 it was captured by General Sir Robert Sale but besieged during the entire war and finally abandoned by the British. A British officer visited Girishk in 1879 and described the town as "a fort with half a dozen small villages scattered round it, and a bazaar outside the gate." He said the fort was almost useless, but the position of great strategic importance. Re-construction of the area was begun in 1937, and the Helmand project produced some growth; but in 1957 the state capital was transferred from Girishk to Lashkargah (Bost) and the town lost some of its earlier importance. » #3489 Adamec, Ludwig W, Historical dictionary of Afghanistan, Scarecrow Press, Inc., Lanham, Md, 2003 ~ pp. 126-7
SOURCE for Greece
« The 27th, after four c. we came to a castle called Greece, the first belonging to the king of Persia. Here we delivered to the governor the letter we had got from the Persian ambassador at Lahore, and presented him a mirror and three knives. He would take nothing for our camels, while the others had to pay five abacees for each camel. He promised to give us a safe conduct under an escort of horse to the next governor, but we saw none; neither were we sorry for the omission, for he was little better than a rebel, and all his people were thieves. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 213-4
« #3511 Franklin, Kate and Boak, E., Early modern caravan networks in Afghanistan: a view from above., in: ed. Persis B. Clarkson, Calogero M. Santoro, Caravans in Global Perspective: Contexts and Boundaries, Routledge, London, 2023,~ » #3511 Franklin, Kate and Boak, E., Early modern caravan networks in Afghanistan: a view from above., in: ed. Persis B. Clarkson, Calogero M. Santoro, Caravans in Global Perspective: Contexts and Boundaries, Routledge, London, 2023, ~ p. 16
SOURCE for Grees
« The 12. day we were ferried ouer the Riuer, which is called Sabbaa to a castle a course from thence, and neer to a Towne called Grees.This Riuer diuideth the confines of the great Mo|goll and the King. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 49
« Gereshkand from hence set forward toward Hispahan in Persia, and travelled five dayes till we came to Grees, the first Towne in the Countrey of Persia, passing over the River Sabaa, which divideth the Mogol and the Persian. Here we paid a custome for our Cammels.Grees is a frontier Towne, where the Persian hath a Garrison of a thousand souldiers. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 85
SOURCE for Griſta
« Den folgenden Tag blieben wir zu Grifta, Hier ist ein vornehmes Caftel/welches der König in InDien wieder zu sich gefodert/nicht allein weil es feste/und Denen ausstreiffenden Bellutſchi, Tſchagatai, und Usbe-gen die Stirne bicten/ sondern auch/weil es zweytaus send fend der kapffersten Soldaten/welche von dem Zoll de rer vorbey reisenden Caravanen unterhalten werden/zur Besatzung haben kan. [The following day we stayed at Grifta. Here is a distinguished cavalry, which the king had reclaimed from India, not only because it is strong and can withstand the roaming Belluchi, Tschagatai, and Usbegen, but also because it can garrison two thousand of the most ardent Cape soldiers, who are supported by the toll of the caravans traveling by.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 68

R127-006 Malgee
R127-006 Malgee : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mal Gir ,
VARIANT names: Mal Gir , Malgee ,
SOURCE for Mal Gir
SOURCE for Malgee
« The 28th we departed at night, going two parasangs, and lodged at a dea or village called Malgee. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 214

R127-008 Gazikhan
R127-008 Gazikhan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FT UFI: -3394535 coordinate: lat 32.0313889 long 63.9213889
NIMA/GNS names: Talkhak Chinah , Talkhak Cina ,
VARIANT names: castle , Dalkhak Talkhak , Gazikhan , Talkhak Chinah ,
SOURCE for castle
« The 15. day we trauelled ouer the plaines some 6. for|songs more, and came to a Castle, where we refreshed our selues and our cattle, and the•e we rested our selues two daies to stay for a Coffeloe or conuoy which came to vs the 14. day at night. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 50
SOURCE for Dalkhak Talkhak
« 32-2 63-55. A ruined fort on the desert road from Girishk to Dilaram, 48 miles from the former place. Water from a spring; supply might be increased by digging; fuel and grass in small quantities. (I. B. C.) The fort is about 59 miles southwest of Washir. » #3495 Adamec, Ludwig W, Historical and political gazetteer of Afghanistan, Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, 1972 ~ vol. 2 p. 61
SOURCE for Gazikhan
« The 30th we went five p. to a small castle named Gazikhan. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 214
SOURCE for Talkhak Chinah

R127-009 ruined fort
R127-009 ruined fort : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLQ UFI: -3389968 coordinate: lat 32.092834 long 63.697109
NIMA/GNS names: Sangilan , سنگیلان ,
Supplement: NIMA/GNS data has two sets of coordinates for the one UFI -3389968
32.0908333, 63.695,Hasn Gilan,PPLQ and 32.092834, 63.697109,Hasan Gilan,PPLQ. the latter has been adopted
VARIANT names: Chaquilan , Hasan Gilan , Hasn Gilan , ruined fort ,
SOURCE for Chaquilan
« De Dilaram à Chaquilan. 4 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Hasan Gilan
SOURCE for Hasn Gilan
« 11. Hasn Gilan (15 miles-138 miles 4 furlongs). A ruined fort; water, forage, and grass scarce. The Darwaza pass is crossed about the third mile. » #3508 Angus Hamilton, Afghanistan, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1906 ~ p. 334
SOURCE for ruined fort
« The 31st other five p. to an old ruined fort, where we could get nothing but water, and that was stinking. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 214

R127-011 Bacon : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bakwa , Soltan-e Bakva ,
VARIANT names: Bacon , Bakou , Bakwa ,
SOURCE for Bacon
« We staid here one day to rest our cattle, which was termed making mochoane ; and on the 3d we went seven p. to an old castle called Bacon. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 214
SOURCE for Bakou
« De Siabé à Bakou.. 4 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Bakwa

R127-012 fields
R127-012 fields : place IRN
VARIANT names: fields ,
SOURCE for fields
« The 4th four p. and lodged in the open fields, where we found nothing but water. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 214

R127-013 Farra : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Farah ,
VARIANT names: Farah , Farra , Ferra , Furrah , Parra , Phra ,
SOURCE for Farah
« 19. Farah (10 miles 4 furlongs-236 miles 4 furlongs). All supplies procurable. » #3508 Angus Hamilton, Afghanistan, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1906 ~ p. 334
« De Zela à Farah, ville.. 10 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Farra
« The 5th four p. and the 6th five p. to Farra.(13)
fn. 13 Farra, the capital of a district of the same name in the north of Segistan, is in lat. 32° 40' N. long. 62° 40' Ε.-Ε. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 214
SOURCE for Ferra
« Den 2. Septemb. reiseten wir biß nach Ferra, Den 3. Septemgieng ich in die Stadt. Sie lieget ganz eben/ hat einen ber. tieffen Graben/und hat keine schönere Gebäude/als den Wohnplaß des Chans. Man leitet viel Wasser aus dem vorbeyfliessenden Strom in dieStadt.Deswegen wach-fen die Baum undWein-Garten-Fruchte in eine fast uns glaubliche Grösse. [On September 2nd, we traveled to Ferra. On September 3rd, I entered the city. It lies entirely flat, has a very deep moat, and has no more beautiful buildings than the Khan's residence. A great deal of water is channeled into the city from the river flowing past. Therefore, the fruits of the trees and vineyards grow to a size almost unbelievable to us.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Furrah
« Furrah » in {map#1329 Persia with part of the Ottoman Empire, Walker, John, 1831, David Rumsey Map Collection list no: 11298.018}
« Direct Road from Furrah to Nishapoor. » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 437
« No forage procurable, though contiguous to Eliasabad, a small village. 10th of April- This day we got to Furrah, and rode straight to the house of Ibrahim Khan, for whom I had the forged letter. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 410
SOURCE for Parra
« he 24. day wee trauelled some 6. forsongs to a faire Citie called Parra, where we staied 22. daies for a Coffe|loe or Conuoy, my selfe being also sicke there, there is great trade of merchandize, and great store of raw silke which in the Persian tongue is called Auerisham. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 51
« Parra is a Citie of great traffique, but especially for raw silke. Here we rested two and twenty dayes onely for a Caravan. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 85
SOURCE for Phra
owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Phra, 62.116669, 32.366669, AF, nkn, exact, 500, tmcIRa0100_006a »

R127-007 fields
R127-007 fields : place IRN
VARIANT names: fields ,
SOURCE for fields
« The 29th we went ten p. and lodged in the open fields, where we could get nothing but water. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 214

R127-014 river : place IRN
VARIANT names: river ,
SOURCE for river
« The 9th of August we went only one parasang to a river. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 215
« Farah Rud » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No. 29 Turkmenistan 1916}

R127-015 Draw : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Doreh , Doreh , Doroh , Doruh , Duruh , درح ,
VARIANT names: Daroo , Doroh , Dourouh , Draw , Duro , Duruh ,
SOURCE for Daroo
« Daroo-14 parasangs-walled village, 300 houses; inhabited by an agricultural population and shepherds of the Arab race. » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 437
SOURCE for Doroh
SOURCE for Dourouh
« De Mont à Dourouh. 12 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Draw
« The 12th, four p. where we had to dig for water. The 13th, eight p. and the 14th five p. to a village named Draw, [Durra,] where we remained ad ay, as it is the custom of those who travel with camels to rest once in four or five days. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 215
SOURCE for Duro
« Der folgende Tag hieß uns im Dorffe Duro, da wir Herrliche Trauben und Granatapffel genung hatten/ruhen. [The following day we spent the day in the village of Duro, where we had plenty of delicious grapes and pomegranates.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Duruh
« The road from Lash Juwain to Birjand, at first over a dreary plain or undulating tract, becomes less barren and more mountainous on approaching the large village of Duruh. The only mention I can find of this section of country by former travellers is in a bare record of the names and distances of five stages, which form part of a long route given by Kinnier from Kandahar to Bushahr, with a remark to the name Duruh, "through a barren country called the Desert of Despair." » #1253 Goldsmid, F. J., Journey from Bandar Abbas to Mash-Had by Sistan, with Some Account of the Last-Named Province, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1873, 43:65-83 ~ p. 75

R127-016 Zaide-basha
R127-016 Zaide-basha : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sar-bice , Sarbisheh , سربیشه ,
VARIANT names: Sar Bishah , Sarbicha , Sarbisheh , Serbeſcha , Shehrbisa , Zaide-basha ,
SOURCE for Sar Bishah
« From Duruh to the flourishing village of Husainábád, the older town of Sar-Bishah, the old fort and modern village of Mod, » #1253 Goldsmid, F. J., Journey from Bandar Abbas to Mash-Had by Sistan, with Some Account of the Last-Named Province, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1873, 43:65-83 ~ p. 76
SOURCE for Sarbicha
« De Moud à Sarbicha. 5 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Sarbisheh
SOURCE for Serbeſcha
« Den 27. Augusti herbergten wir im Dorffe Serbeſcha. Die Tapete/und köstlichsten Felle/find hie sehr gemein and wolfeil. Weinbeern und Mandeln hatte es hier ge nung. [On August 27th, we stayed in the village of Serbeſcha. The tapestry and the most precious furs were very common and expensive here. There were plenty of grapes and almonds here.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Shehrbisa
« Shehrbisha 12 parasangs-walled village, 400 houses; inhabited by cultivators of the soil, shepherds, and caravaniers of the Persian race. » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 437
SOURCE for Zaide-basha
« The 18th, five p. to Zaide-basha, [Sarbishe,] where abundance of carpets are to be had. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 215

R127-017 Mude : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mood Nahar Khan , Mud , Mud-e Dahanab , مود ,
VARIANT names: Mod , Mood , Moud , Mud , Mude , Mut ,
SOURCE for Mod
« From Duruh to the flourishing village of Husainábád, the older town of Sar-Bishah, the old fort and modern village of Mod, » #1253 Goldsmid, F. J., Journey from Bandar Abbas to Mash-Had by Sistan, with Some Account of the Last-Named Province, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1873, 43:65-83 ~ p. 76
SOURCE for Mood
« Mood-5 parasangs-an open village, 400 houses; the inhabitants » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 437
SOURCE for Moud
« De Birdjand à Moud. 7 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Mud
SOURCE for Mude
« The 19th we came to a village named Mude, [Mo-ti,] where also are carpets. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 215
SOURCE for Mut
« Von hier kamen wir in das Dorff Müt. Die Einwohner treiben mit den vorhin gedachten einerley Nahrung. [From here we came to the village of Müt. The inhabitants trade the same food as mentioned above.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 66

R127-018 Birchen
R127-018 Birchen : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Birdjand , Birjand , بيرجند ,
VARIANT names: Banda (?) , Beerjoon , Birchen , Birdjand , Birdschan , Birgian , Birjand ,
SOURCE for Banda (?)
« The 6. day we went some 2. forsongs ouer the moun|taines.The 7. day we went 4. or 5. forsongs ouer the moun|taines.The 8. day we went 7. forsongs.The 9. day we went some 5. forsongs.The 10. day we went 10. forsongs all in the moun|taines.The 11. day we trauelled some 3. forsongs to a towne called Banda being but a harbor or lodging place. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 51
SOURCE for Beerjoon
« Beerjoon » in {map#1344 in #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ fig. Map of Persia and Afghanistan: General Ferrier's Travels}
« Beerjoon-2 parasangs a walled town, 1000 houses; population Arab and Persian. 1000 houses surround the fortress. » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 437
SOURCE for Birchen
« The 20th, five p. to Birchen, [Berdjan,] where are manufactured great quantities of fine felts, and carpets of camels hair, which are sold at the rates of from two to five abacees the maund. At this place we rested a day. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 215
SOURCE for Birdjand
« De Tesaïtan à Birdjand. 7 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Birdschan
« Birdschan » in {map#1436 in #3653 Sven Hedin, Zu Land nach Indien durch Persien, Seistan, Beluchistan, Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1910 ~ fig. Übersichtskarte Von Hedins Reise Nach Indien 1905-1906.}
SOURCE for Birgian
« Den 25.reiseten wir von hieraus biß ins Dorff Birgian. Es ist ziemlich groß/und fo Lob-svårdig des guten Wassers wegen/als núßlich umb der vielen Windmühlen halben. Man macht allhier kunsi li theTapezereyen/und die aus den fubtilen Ziegenhaaren unter den Persiern und Türcken gewöhnliche Decken. Diese Ziegenhaare werden billich mit den Biberhaaren verglichen. Es ist alhier auch ein aus der Erden gegra-benes/und auff einem Berge liegendes Caftel/ohnZwei= fel sich gegen der Usbeger feindliche Anfälle zu beschußen. [On the 25th, we traveled from here to the village of Birgian. It is quite large and as valuable because of its abundant water as it is because of its many windmills. Artificial tapestries and the blankets commonly used among the Persians and Turks are made here from the soft goat hair. This goat hair is rightly compared to beaver hair. There is also a castle here, dug out of the earth and situated on a mountain, which can undoubtedly be used to defend against enemy attacks from the Uzbeks.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Birjand
« There are said to be some 2500 houses in Birjand, but I doubt that in such assumption the census would show as many as five inhabitants to each house. We were received by a cavalcade, headed by a small boy, a son of the Amir of Káian, sent out on a plea of ill-health of his eldest brother, governor of the town during his father's absence in Sistan. The next morning, however, the invalid himself called upon me, and I returned his call in the "Ark" or citadel the day following. We were detained three days in Birjand for camels. Promises were made and broken as usual. » #1253 Goldsmid, F. J., Journey from Bandar Abbas to Mash-Had by Sistan, with Some Account of the Last-Named Province, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1873, 43:65-83 ~ p. 76

R127-019 Choore
R127-019 Choore : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Khowr , Khowr , Khur , خور ,
VARIANT names: Choore , Cuhr , Khur ,
SOURCE for Choore
« The 24th, five p. to Choore, [Cors or Corra,] an old ruined town. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 215
SOURCE for Cuhr
« Den Tag dar auff wurde es im Dorffe Cuhr besser/und kriegten die 2 Fülle Fille gutes Wassers/und andrer nothwendiger Dinge. The next day things got better in the village of Cuhr and we got two lots of good water and other necessary things.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ pp. 65-6
SOURCE for Khur

R127-020 Dehuge
R127-020 Dehuge : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Deyhuk , Dohak , Duhak , Duhuk , دیهوک ,
VARIANT names: Dehuge , Deyhuk , Douhouk , Duhuk , Gala Degu ,
SOURCE for Dehuge
« The 27th we came to Dehuge, [Teuke,] where is a considerable stream of hot water, which becomes cool and pleasant after standing some time in any vessel. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 215
SOURCE for Deyhuk
SOURCE for Douhouk
« D'Espaqué à Douhouk. 7 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Duhuk
« Duhuk » in {map#1436 in #3653 Sven Hedin, Zu Land nach Indien durch Persien, Seistan, Beluchistan, Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1910 ~ fig. Übersichtskarte Von Hedins Reise Nach Indien 1905-1906.}
SOURCE for Gala Degu
« Den 19. Augufti trat ich in mein 24. Jahr/ und feyrete an der Gala Degu, bey so gutem aus einem Felsen sprin genden Wasser/als ichs iemahls getruncken/auch wohl niemahls mehr trincken werde/desselben Gedächtnis. [On August 19th I entered my 24th year and celebrated at the Gala Degu, with such good water springing from a rock as I have ever drunk and will probably never drink again, in memory of that.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 65

R127-021 Dea-curma
R127-021 Dea-curma : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Amaniyeh , Aspak , Esfahak , Isfa , اصفهک ,
VARIANT names: Dea-curma , Esfahak , Espaque , Ispas ,
SOURCE for Dea-curma
« The 28th we went seven p. to Dea-curma. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 215
SOURCE for Esfahak
SOURCE for Espaque
« De Tebbes à Espaqué. 7 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Ispas
Den 18. Augufti kamen wir in das auff einem Hügel gelegene Dorff Iſpas, und fanden allerhand Fruchte in groffer Menge. [On August 18th we came to the village of Iſpas, situated on a hill, and found all kinds of fruit in great quantity.]

R127-022 Tobaz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Golshan , Gulshan , Tabas , طبس ,
VARIANT names: Beasta (?) , Tabas , Tabas Kileki , Tabbas , Tabox , Tebbes , Tebes , Tobaz , Tubbus ,
SOURCE for Beasta (?)
« The 19. day we went 5. forsongs to a Towne called Beasta. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 51
SOURCE for Tabas
« I have visited Tabas twice, in 1966 and with Adrianne in 1997. It is a pleasant enough town, but indescribably hot in summer. It has always been an important centre on one of the ancient caravan routes that cross the Dasht-e Kavir, the Great Salt Desert. It was known as the 'Queen of the Desert' and the gateway to Khorasan. Marshall Hodgson relates that it was one of the first towns in Qohistan, together with Qa'in and Tun, to respond to Hasan Sabbah's summons to rise up against the Saljuqs.(10) In 1101, Sultan Sanjar determined to root out Ismailis in the region, but his amir Bazghash was bribed to spare Tabas. The reprieve was however, only temporary, as three years later the Saljuqs returned and destroyed Tabas and a number of strongholds. They killed the garrison, enslaved much of the population and left after extracting from the survivors a promise not to arm themselves nor to practise their religion.(11) Juwayni does not mention Tabas in any detail. Hodgson records another raid against Tabas in 1160 by the Saljuqs. but concludes that this was more likely to have been against Tabas Masina in the mountainous east.(12) There are indeed ruins of fortifications at Tabas, but there is not enough evidence to date them precisely, and in all probability several castles were built on the same site.
#1621 Willey, Peter, The Eagle's Nest: Ismaili Castles in Iran and Syria (Ismaili Heritage), I. B. Tauris, 2005, ~ p. 182
SOURCE for Tabas Kileki
« The fame may be ſaid, with more Juſtice ſtill, of the fourth Information, which was given to Ramafio by Haji Mehemet, a very judicious Persian Merchant, of the City Tabas in Khilan, (i) who performed the Journey himself with the Karawans. This Account of Mehemet, was procured by Means of Michael Mambre, ſkilled in the Arabic, Persian, and Turkish Languages; in which laſt he was Interpreter to the Signory of Venice. It is inſerted by that learned Collector in the ſe-cond Tome of his Voyages (k): And Purchas (l)has given a Tranſlation of it in his third Volume of Pilgrims. The Notes gathered by Johnson are publiſhed alſo by him after Hakluyt. The Road from Kashmir to Kashgar comes from Bernier.fn i We meet with no ſuch City as Tabâs in the Province of Khilaw, or Ghilan. Perhaps he was a Native of Tabas Kileki, a City in Kübeftan, or Mountain Irak.fn k In his Differtation on Marco Polo's Travels. fn l Hakluyt has only inſerted the Names of Places in the Road with the Diſtances, vol. 1. p. 337 » #1883 Green, John, A New General Collection of Voyages and Travels: consisting of the most esteemed relations, which have hitherto been published in any language ... Illustrated not only with charts ... and maps ... but likewise with variety of plans, and prospects ... besides cuts, etc., Thomas Astley, London, 1745-7, ~ p. 637
SOURCE for Tabbas
« The group of four villages known as Chardeh, are Jowcar, Tugianun, Tuskinun, and Madiabad, containing altogether about 800 inhabitants.On the 29th October I rode into Tabbas, which is 10 miles from Chardeh, over a sandy plain. This place, I believe, had not been visited by any Englishmen before my arrival, except by Colonel Macgregor some six years previously, though it has been visited by several Russians, especially those of Khanikoff's mission.Sir John Malcolm has thrown a sort of halo over Tabbas by his description of it and its ruler in his history of Persia, but it is really a very ordinary town. A portion of it is fortified with a deep ditch and walls, stronger and in better repair than is usual in Persia. The gates are also thickly plated with iron, and though of course not a strong place, it is in better order than most Persian towns, where, if the gate is strong enough to resist being kicked in by a Turkoman's horse, it is considered sufficient. The fortified portion contains about 5000 inhabitants, but the mass of the people live outside. There is a wide street outside the town which has rather a fine appearance. The mass of the population live beyond the walls. » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 522
SOURCE for Tabox
« Now there are two towns which the name Tabox may refer to-Tabas or Tebes, situated in 33° 35' N. 56° 50' E., » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ notes p. 350
SOURCE for Tebbes
« De Karté à Tebbes, ville. 4 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
« Tebbes » in {map#1436 in #3653 Sven Hedin, Zu Land nach Indien durch Persien, Seistan, Beluchistan, Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1910 ~ fig. Übersichtskarte Von Hedins Reise Nach Indien 1905-1906.}
« This singular town now lies before us with its castle, its walls, and its towers, and the tall minaret rising like a beacon above the whole. Not a living soul can be seen, not an idler or a traveller, and it seems as though the great highway led to a slumbering town. To the left of the road stands a tamarisk with two trunks, the largest of the kind I have ever seen, majestically grand, and defying the desert alone, close and compact in its mantle of dark-green foliage, a blessed tree, which affords cool shade in summer to those who come out of the desert and would rest a moment to look from its refreshing vault at Tebbes, and the snowfield of the Camel hill in front. » #3654 Sven Hedin, Overland To India, Macmillan and Co., London, 1910 ~ vol. 2 p. 33
« My goal was Tibet, and I had decided to travel overland to India. I had.a choice of three routes to the capital of Persia: (I) Batum-Tifiis-Baku:- Resht-Teheran; (2) Batum-Tifiis"7Erivan-Nakichevan -Tabriz -Teheran; (3) Trebizond - Erzerum'. Bay~id-Khoi-Tabtiz, and Teheran. I kllew the first of old, and;1:heref()r~ wished to avoid. it. » #3654 Sven Hedin, Overland To India, Macmillan and Co., London, 1910 ~ vol. 1 p. 2
SOURCE for Tebes
« Bey diesem Dorffe licget die Königliche Festung Tebes. Die Giste dieses Ortes hielte uns etliche Tage auff. [Near this village lies the Royal Fortress of Tebes. The gate of this place would keep us for several days.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 65
SOURCE for Tobaz
« The 29th we went five p. to Tobaz, where we had to pay half an abacee for each camel. At this place all caravans take four or five days rest, the better to enable them to pass the adjoining salt desert, which extends four long days jour-ney, and in which many miscarry. We found here a small caravan of an hundred camels, which set off the next day af-ter our arrival. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 215
SOURCE for Tubbus
« Tabbus-2 parasangs-a town surrounded by an enormous embank-
ment of earth, on which are towers connected by curtains and pro-tected by a ditch. Tubbus is in a plain, the soil of which is of a silicious character, and water is bad and scarce. There are, never-theless, in the neighbourhood thirty villages inhabited by Arabs, who have managed to fertilize to a certain extent this ungrateful soil. The town contains about 5000 houses the population is Arab and Persian; but in this number should be included those which are scattered amongst the cottages in the gardens outside. The citadel, situated within the town, is very strong; but that which protects it more than the fortifications are the deserts that surround the district of which it is the chief place, and which extend on all sides to a distance of at least 10 parasangs. Con-siderable quantities of silk are produced here; this is taken to Yezd, and then spun also tambaki, which is as much esteemed as that of Shiraz. The exportation of this article is great. The dates are of inferior quality; grain and cotton are grown in sufficient quan-tities to meet the consumption on the spot. Camels and sheep are more numerous here than in any other part of Persia. A large number of the population of Tubbus are by occupation caravaniers. The gardens are very productive and well watered, and the orange-
tree is cultivated. The province of Irak commences here. » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 439

R127-024 Seagan
R127-024 Seagan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sagand , Saghand , Saqand , ساغند , ساغند , ساقند , سگند ,
VARIANT names: Sagand , Saugand , Seagan , Shaganna , Sukand ,
SOURCE for Sagand
SOURCE for Saugand
« SAUGAND OR SU-KAND-A village of about 60 houses, situated round a spring of excellent water, in the midst of a wilderness. It is enclosed by high walls. A few supplies procurable. There is an excellent sarai here. It is 85 miles from Yazd on the road to Biābānak.Gill says this place is 71½ miles from Yazd, that it has a hundred houses, and that its elevation is 4,070 feet. (MacGregor.) » #3713 GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOLUME II, Printed at the Government of India Monotype Press,, 1914 ~ p. 546
SOURCE for Seagan
« The 4th, ten p. to Seagan. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 216
SOURCE for Shaganna
« Shaganna » in {map#1442 Central Asia; comprising Bokhara, Cabool, Persia, the River Indus, and countries eastward of it, Arrowsmith, John,, 1842, david Rumsey Map Collection list no: 14506.055}
« 6th June. From Illahabad to Sahganna, a short stage of ten miles; there is no Suraé here, but grain, and good water are plentiful. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 420
SOURCE for Sukand
« The following day we marched 13 miles to the village of Sukand, or Sagand, as it is more usually called. This place is said to derive its name, which means sweet water, from the fact that the water is here really sweet, which is very rare in this part of the country, the water in rllost places being brackish. Sukand is a poor village, situated in a fort, but has a fine brick caravanserai. The people live by grazing flocks of fat-tailed sheep on the sparse vegetation of the less barren patts of thc desert. » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 516

R127-025 Irabad
R127-025 Irabad : place IRN
Supplement: org tarikhi kharangh ارگ تاریخی خرانق
VARIANT names: Irabad , Kharanagh Castle ,
SOURCE for Irabad
« The 6th, ten p. to a castle called Irabad, [Hirabad,] where we paid half an abacee for each camel. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 216
SOURCE for Kharanagh Castle

R127-026 Ardecan
R127-026 Ardecan : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3053575 coordinate: lat 32.310011 long 54.017474 NIMA/GNS names: Ardakan , Ardekan , اردکان , VARIANT names: Ardakan , Ardakoo , Ardecan , Erdekan , Godanna (?) , SOURCE for Ardakan « In Yazd I had sold one horse and bought two, one of which I now gave in part payment for this Ardakan animal. I was now the master of three horses and a pony. Ardakan has a population of about 10,000. There is a saying that Yazd is a large village, and Ardakan a small city » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 2 p. « Titel: Sangar, Fars Province 1989 - Plan view and section through court type caravansaries in Sangar at the road Shiraz - Ardakan - Yasudj » [accessed 11 Apr 2025] « I heard that the road from Nain to Tabbas across the Eavir or Great Salt Desert was very difficult, in consequence of the want of water, and that the road, though difficult, was better by Ardakan. I therefore went to Ardakan, which is a place of some 20,000 inhabitants, situated not far from the Eavir or Great Persian Salt Desert. A road leads from Ardakan across the desert, which is used by pilgrims from Southern Persia to the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza at Mash-had. At this season the pilgrim caravans are not very numerous, as the heat in the desert is still very great, and this is the time when there is least water. ... Ardakan is surrounded by high walls of the most flimsy description. They look exactly as if they were made of the sort of gingerbread known as "parliament," and they were cut into a serrated pattern at the top, which still further increased their resemblance to gingerbread. These walls are, however, only meant to resist an attack of people unprovided with artillery, so they are sufficie?t. Ardakan carries on a good trado with India, and many of the people have visited that country in the course of business. I stayed at the caravanserai in this town, and was not recognised in any way. Within a few miles of Ardakan, the desert country commences, and in every clirection there is nothing but barren, stony hills, and equally barren plains. Many of these hills are of a peculiar colour. They are generally composed » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 515 SOURCE for Ardakoo « 25th June. Twelve miles to the small village of Myboot, contiguous to a range of hills on the left; to the right the country is well cultivated. Eight miles hence is Ardakoo, a large village; and ten further, the village of Tafta. At thirty miles I arrived at Oogda. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422 SOURCE for Ardecan « The 8th, eight p. to Ardecan, where we rested till the 10th, » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 216 « Ardecan Ardakān » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 1 p. lix SOURCE for Erdekan « Die-fer hatte ihnen die Freiheit mit ihrer Festung/davon die Uberbleibungen noch zu sehen/genommen/von hieraus reiseten wir den 30. ins Dorff Erdekan und fanden einen Ort/welcher wegen vieler Früchte/volckreicher Hands lung/und klarem Wasser/sehr merckwürdig ist. [This had taken away their freedom with their fortress/the remains of which can still be seen/from here we traveled on the 30th to the village of Erdekan and found a place/which is very remarkable because of its many fruits/busy trade/and clear water.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 62-3 SOURCE for Godanna (?) « The 8. day we truealled some 14. forsongs to a Towne called Godanna: where we rested that night and the next day and night, and here is also great store of raw silke. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52

R127-027 Selef : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ardjanun , Ardjenun , Arjanan , Arjenan , Arjnan , ارجنان ,
VARIANT names: Ardjanun ,
SOURCE for Ardjanun

R127-028 Agea Gaurume
R127-028 Agea Gaurume : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Aqda , Aghda , عقدا ,
VARIANT names: Agda , Agdah , Agea Gaurnme , Agea Gaurume , Aghda , Akdah , Hemda (?) , Oogda ,
SOURCE for Agda
« Agda. It is a large village, with a high mud fort, partly in ruins, where we were assigned quarters. Agda is remarkable for its noble caravansarai and abam-bar, built by a merchant of Rasht thirty years ago, and for a large spring in a hollow under the fort. The spring is fed from the mountains, and in a cleft of them, twelve miles distant, a patch of green denotes the village of Hasanabad, watered by a perennial brook. The Zabit of Agda was an old man, and indisposed to receive strangers; nevertheless he did violence to his disposition, and treated us with great civility. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 2 p. 7-8
« Der 29. Julii brachte uns gen Agda, und lieferte uns Datteln/Feigen/überaus grosse Melonen und dieersten Weintrauben. [The 29th of July brought us to Agda, and delivered to us dates, figs, extremely large melons, and the first grapes.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 62
SOURCE for Agdah
« A mid-day halt on this journey was made for an hour at Akdah, or Agdah, which is described by Yakut as 'a town on the borders of the desert of Yezd.' (4)fn. 4 Yakut, pp. 404, 555. The older form of the name is generally given as 'Ukdah in the Arab geographies. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 403
SOURCE for Agea Gaurnme
« Agea Gaurnme Agda (?) » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 1 p. lix
SOURCE for Agea Gaurume
« The llth, three p. to a small castle named Agea Gaurume. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 216
SOURCE for Aghda
« Thence to Aghdá, where we arrived about half an hour after dusk, four parasangs. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547
SOURCE for Akdah
SOURCE for Hemda (?)
« The 10. day we trauelled some 20. forsongs to a Town called Hemda, where are great store of Grapes and Muskmillions. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52
SOURCE for Oogda
« Oogda is a small village of about one hundred and sixty houses, with a good Suraé, situated on the edge of a desert between two ranges of mountains, running north-west and south-east. Here the authority of the governor of Yezd terminates. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422

R127-029 Beavas
R127-029 Beavas : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bambiz-e Bala , Benavid-e Bala , Benoyd-e-'Olya , Benvid-e `Olya , Benvid-e Bala , بنوید علیا ,
VARIANT names: Bambiz-e Bala , Beavas ,
SOURCE for Bambiz-e Bala
SOURCE for Beavas
« The 13th, three p. to Beavas. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 216

R127-030 Goolabad
R127-030 Goolabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Nar Gu , Nargoor , Nargur , نرگور ,
VARIANT names: Goolabad , Nargoor ,
SOURCE for Goolabad
« location based on distance. a Golabad exists 8.2 km at heading of 309° from this location.»
« The 14th, four p. to Goolabad) whence Richard Steel rode on to Ispahan, without waiting for the caravan. » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ p. 216
SOURCE for Nargoor

R127-031 Morea Shahabad
R127-031 Morea Shahabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Toodeshk , Tudashk , Tudasht , Tudeshg , Tudeshk , تودشگ ,
VARIANT names: Morea Shahabad , Mouchena Radar , Tudashk , Tudeshk , Tudesht ,
SOURCE for Morea Shahabad
« location based on distance »
« The 15th we came to Morea Shahabad, five p. » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ p. 216
SOURCE for Mouchena Radar
« De Sakunegi à Mouchena de Radar. 10 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 340
SOURCE for Tudashk
« The people remembered General Goldsmid's Mission, which halted here on the 30th November, 1870. What fixed the Mission in their memory was the fancy price, three krans, given by the naturalist, Mr. Blanford, for a fox-skin. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 2 p. 17
SOURCE for Tudeshk
« In map Isfahan to Shiraz » #1116 Curzon, George N., Persia and the Persian Question, Cass: Longmans Green and Co, 1966: 1892, ~ vol. 2 after p. 60
SOURCE for Tudesht
« Tudesht » in {map#1341 in #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.) 3:9:513-46 ~ fig. Map of Khorasan and neighbouring countries}

R127-032 Coopa : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013244 coordinate: lat 32.7136 long 52.4398
NIMA/GNS names: Kuh Pa , Kuhpayeh , Qohpayeh , کوهپایه ,
VARIANT names: Coopa , Cupa , Koopah , Kuh Pa ,
SOURCE for Coopa
« The 16th, to Coopa, five p. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 216
SOURCE for Cupa
« Den folgenden Tag kamen wir gen Cupa, cine/mit gutem Wasser/schonen Garten/und andern noth wendigen Dingen wohlversehen versehene Stad. Sie gehöret dem Mehemet Beg, einem Juspaſchi. [The following day we came to Cupa, a town well-provided with good water, beautiful gardens, and other necessary things. It belongs to Mehemet Beg, a Juspaſchi.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 62
SOURCE for Koopah
« Thence it is nine miles to Koopah, where I halted a good Suraé here, built by Shah Abbass the Great. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422
SOURCE for Kuh Pa