R160path Pietro Della Valle.kmz

R160path Pietro Della Valle

R160-000 Bagdad
R160-000 Bagdad : place IRQ
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLC UFI: -3103581 coordinate: lat 33.3386111 long 44.3938889
NIMA/GNS names: Bagdad , Baghdad , Baghdad ,
VARIANT names: Bagdad , Bagdat , Bagdet , Baghdad , new Babylon , Pai-ta ,
SOURCE for Bagdad
« nous parti-mes de Bagdad le 6 de Juin [We left Baghdad on June 6th] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 168
« Notre intention, en quittant Bagdad, était d'abord de descendre le Tigre jusqu'à Bassora, et d'aller ensuite à Bender-Bouchêhr; [Our intention, on leaving Baghdad, was first to descend the Tigris to Basra, and then to go to Bender-Bouchehr;] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 218
« We quitted Bagdad by the gate of Imâm Azam, so called from its leading to the tomb of that saint, who is venerated as the chief of the Hanefies, and whose mausoleum is about an hour's ride to the north of the city. This was the gate by which I entered on my arrival here; and being in the N. E. quarter of Bagdad, it is the principal point of arrival and departure for all the great roads on the east side of the Tigris. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 4
« At eight miles fromBagdad wemet a caravan of Persians, which appeared to form the suite of some woman of rank. Nine veiled females, all mounted astride on horses, were riding in aline. She who bythe superiority of dress appeared to be the principal lady, had her horse led by an eunuch. We arrived in Bagdad at half-past three in the afternoon, having suffered so much from the intense heat of the sun that our hands and faces were completely blistered. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 pp. 218-9
Da Ispahan, del 17 di marzo 1617.
1. Con occasione di certe lettere, che per uomo a posta spedi-sco verso Italia, non voglio mancare di far parte a V. S. del mio viaggio dalla Babilonia in qua: ma, perchè ho poco tempo, il più brevemente che potrò, conforme le scrissi da Bagdad con le ultime mie, una de'ventitrè di decembre, e l'altra poscritta del due di gennaio; il quarto giorno del corrente anno 1617 partii da quella città nel modo che dirò. I Persiani, che sono oggi in guerra coi Turchi, fecero poco innanzi Natale una correria nel paese di Bagdad, e rovinarono una villa grossa, chiamata Mendeli. [From Ispahan, March 17, 1617.
1. On the occasion of certain letters that I am sending to Italy by post, I do not want to fail to inform Your Excellency of my journey from Babylon onwards. But, since I have little time, I will do so as briefly as possible, as I wrote to you from Baghdad with my last ones, one dated December 23rd and the other postscript dated January 2nd. On the fourth day of this year 1617, I left that city in the manner I will describe. The Persians, who are now at war with the Turks, made a raid on the country of Baghdad shortly before Christmas and destroyed a large village called Mendeli.]
SOURCE for Bagdat
« I came to Mando, eight p. a town belonging to the Turks. The 25th, eight p. to Emomester. The 26th, eight p. to Boroh, passed over a river in a boat, and came that night to Bagdat. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 219
« At Hispahan I abode thirteene dayes, and spent a moneths journey to Bagdat; which is a Citie about two English miles in compasse, seated on Tigris: neverthelesse it is very populous, and of great traffique of strangers, being the way to Persia, Turkie, and Arabia. Here I embarqued my selfe for Balsara; » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 86
« February 21. We rose from ye Caravansarai, and arrived about 12 o'clock this day at Bagdat (God be praised), all in good health, having been 71 dayes on our Journey from Spahan to this place. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 218
« D'Anna à Bagdat, jours. 4 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
« Cette eſcorte ne marcha que deux jours avec nous, et ils ſe retirerent le cinquième dés que les troupes à pied et à cheval du Bacha de Bagdat parurent.Aprés avoir un peu côtoyé le Tygre, le ſeptiéme au matin nous fùmes loger à Bagdat chez les Capucins qui occupent une maiſon du Roy, [This escort only marched with us for two days, and they withdrew on the fifth as soon as the Pasha of Baghdad's troops, both on foot and horseback, appeared.After skirting the Tigris for a while, on the morning of the seventh we were lodged in Baghdat with the Capuchins, who occupy a house belonging to the King.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 136
SOURCE for Bagdet
« The sixth day wee trauelled eightéene forsongs to the great City of Bagdet, or Babylon, where we staied vntill the twentie two day of October following.This City standeth vpon the great Riuer Euphrates, and is a great, rich, and strong City, with mighty strong wals, whereon are planted 100. and twenty péeces of brasse ordinance. » #3515 Robert Coverte, ed. Boies Penrose, The travels of Captain Robert Coverte, Wm. F. Fell co., printers, for Mr. Boies Penrose, 1931 ~ p. 85
SOURCE for Baghdad
« Parties of irregular horse were stationed at the caravanserais which have been built at regular distances on the much-frequented road between Hillah and Baghdad. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 2 p. 200
« thence 8 to Baghdad. Total (from Qasr-i-Shirin) to Baghdad 30 leagues, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« From Baghdad to Asadābād in the direction of Hamadān: » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for new Babylon
« e finalmente dopo 41. giorni di pericoloſo, e rincrefcevole viaggio fopra il Chilech, giungemmo alla nuova Babilonia, nella di cui dogana trovai il Padre Emanuelle [and finally after 41 days of dangerous and unpleasant journey across Chile, we arrived at the new Babylon, in whose customs house I found Father Emanuelle.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 17
« In ſedeci giorni dopo la noſtra partenza da Sufa arrivammo in Babilonia, dove trovai il Padre mio-Compagno, che di già ritornato era da Baffora ammalato. [Sixteen days after our departure from Sufa we arrived in Babylon, where I found my Companion Father, who had already returned from Baffora and was ill.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Pai-ta
#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 117, 122 note 13

R160-001 Beherus
R160-001 Beherus : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3104246 coordinate: lat 33.7055556 long 44.6505556
NIMA/GNS names: Bahriz , Bohriz , Buhriz ,
VARIANT names: Bahriz , Beherus , Bourous , Buhris , Buhriz , Buwahriz ,
SOURCE for Bahriz
« Bahriz » in {map#1400 in 'Handbook of Mesopotamia. Vol. III. 1917' [?421] (430/432), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/41/4, in Qatar Digital Library}
SOURCE for Beherus
« Ad un'ora di giorno in circa arrivammo ad un fiume non grande da me, come credo, altre volte a V. S. nominato, che si chiama Diala, ed entra nel Tigri; e per pas-sarlo, perchè vi era solo una barca, vi consumammo fin al mez-zogiorno. Ho qualche sospetto che il Diala non sia quel fiume. ... Passato noi il Diala, ci attendammo nella riva di là sotto una villa che vi è, chiamata Beheruz: [About one o'clock in the morning we reached a river, not large, as I believe, which you have mentioned before, called the Diala, and which flows into the Tigris. We spent a long time crossing it, as there was only one boat, until midday. I have some suspicions that the Diala is not that river. ... Having crossed the Diala, we encamped on the bank below a village there called Beheruz.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 pp. 427-8
SOURCE for Bourous
« De Bagdat à Bourous, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Buhris
« Nous fimes la nuit ſuivante neuf heures de chemin, et arrivames le furlendemain a Buhris, gros village ſitué auprès de la même rivière. [The following night we traveled nine hours, and arrived the following day at Buhris, a large village situated near the same river.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 169
SOURCE for Buhriz
SOURCE for Buwahriz
« Buwahriz III C3 Buhriz. Iraq. Cité de la circonscription (kūra) de Bagdad. Muq 53, 115. DKI 473. [Buwahriz III C3 Buhriz. Iraq. City of the constituency (kūra) of Baghdad Muq 53 , 115 . DKI 473.] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p.

R160-003 Scehravan
R160-003 Scehravan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3102666 coordinate: lat 33.9786111 long 44.9369444
NIMA/GNS names: Al Miqdadiyah , Muqdadiyah , Shahraban , Shahroban ,
VARIANT names: Apollonia , Charaban , Chehr-Abad , Chehreban , Muqdadiyah , Nushirwan ? , Sabbercam , Sabbercam , Sabbercawn , Scehravan , Schehraban , Shahr Reban , Shahraban , Shahrevan , Shehrban , Shehreban , Sheraban , Shuburgan , Steroban ,
SOURCE for Apollonia
« Shahraban Apollonia » in {map#1120 in #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~ fig. General Map of Persia}
SOURCE for Charaban
« De Bourons à Charaban, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Chehr-Abad
« Nous arrivames à midi et demi à Chehr-Abâd, où nous joignimes la caravane. Ce village assez considérable est à moitié ruiné. Situé sur un canal formé par la Diala, il est environné d'arbres, et renferme un bazar et un caravansérail. [We arrived at half past twelve at Chehr-Abâd, where we joined the caravan. This fairly large village is half ruined. Situated on a canal formed by the Diala, it is surrounded by trees and contains a bazaar and a caravanserai.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 221
SOURCE for Chehreban
« Nous partimes donc le matin du 10, et après avoir marché pendant. neuf heures par un ſoleil très-ardent, nous arrivames à une heure après midi à Chehreban, gros bourg au Nord-Eft de Bagdad, ſitué ſur le bord oriental de la Diala, qui lui four-nit de l'eau par un canal. » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 171
SOURCE for Muqdadiyah
SOURCE for Nushirwan ?
« We rode over the same flat , parched , and uninteresting country , and soon after sunrise sought shade and repose for the day in the gardens of the village of Nushirwan. During the following night we crossed the Hamrin, a range of low crumbling sandstone hills which extend , parallel to the great mountains of Kurdistan , almost from the river Zab near Mosul to far below Baghdad . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 209
SOURCE for Sabbercam
« The first day of September, wée trauelled twelue forsongs to a great Towne called Sabbercam, being the first towne that wée came to in Arabia, where are growing great store of Pomgranats, which the Ara|bians doe call Anarres. This is a Towne of Garrison of the Arabians, and héere wée staied a day and a night. » #3515 Robert Coverte, ed. Boies Penrose, The travels of Captain Robert Coverte, Wm. F. Fell co., printers, for Mr. Boies Penrose, 1931 ~ p. 84
SOURCE for Sabbercawn
« Whence to Baghdad the first day is to Corranda, and then successively to Deachow, Miscarroon, Corryn, Laccary, Corbet, Naza-reil, Sabbercawn (near which is Pully-shaw [Pul-i-Shah], and Caromoon-shahoon [Kirmanshah], formerly called Coon-sha,(3) where was decided that famous contest for the Persian crown 'twixt Artaxerxes and Cyrus recorded by Xenophon, and in memory whereof in the concave of the adjacent mountain is engraven portraits resembling those I mentioned of Rustam near the ruins of Persepolis; only here are added the figures of elephants and other beasts, such as are well worth a traveller's observing). Bagdad is next to Sabbercawn, whence is but one day's journey to Baghdad upon Tigris,
fn. 3 See p. 112. Herbert seems to refer to Cunaxa, where the famous battle was fought in 401 B.c.; but that place is on the Euphrates. As regards some of the places mentioned on the route, Sir Denison Ross writes that either Corranda or Corryn may stand for Karind, and Sabber-cawn is Shuburgan. »
#3211 ed Foster, William, Thomas Herbert, Travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ p. 220
SOURCE for Scehravan
« Il giorno del sei passammo prima una villa chia-mata Techiè, poi un'altra grande, alla quale, benchè rustica, per la grandezza danno nome città, e si chiama Scehravan. [On the sixth day we first passed a village called Techiè, then another large one, which, although rustic, because of its size they call a city, and is called Scehravan.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 428
SOURCE for Schehraban
« Schehraban » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, }
SOURCE for Shahr Reban
« I picked up rapidly (this was my third sunstroke), and next day we marched slowly on to Shahr Reban. I have many notes here, but they are undecipherable excepting the figures of the meteorological readings, which I evidently spared no pains to make clear. From Shahr Reban to Yakubabad was rich fertile ground. » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 457
SOURCE for Shahraban
« At 10 miles Shahraban is reached, where there is a telegraph office and post office, several caravansarais, and a roofed bāzār. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 146
« hence-with Shahraban lying 2 leagues distant to the right of the road-in 7 leagues to Ba?qübā city » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« Sharaban (or Shahr- e-Van) is a small town or village, which the inhabitants say, was in former times a large city more magnificent than Bagdad. Not a vestige of this past grandeur remains , though, according to D'Anville, it stands on the site of the ancient Apollonia ; an opinion certainly corroborated by the tradition on the spot. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 237
« Shahraban » in {map#1393 Map of Ancient sites of Iraq, Directorate General of Antiquities, Baghdad, 1954, }
« After a stay in Baghdad, he went on to Persia, by way of Shahraban (Muqdadiya), Kesrabad (Qizil Rabat) and Khanaqin. He described Kesrabad as being surrounded by fields and canals, with maize, cotton, melons, gourds, palm trees and pomegranates. At that time, the town had two mosques and a mixed population of Arabs and Turks. While there, he vi-sited some ruins northeast of the town (Gauri, No. 27 on Pl. 2). (17)fn. 17 Travels in Assyria, Media and Persia... (London: Henry Colburn, 1829), pp. 11-29, esp. p. 18. »
#3603 McGuire Gibson, Uch Tepe I: Tell Razuk, Tell Ahmed Al-Mughir, Tell Ajamat, The Oriental Institute, University Of Chicago, 1981 ~ p. 16
« From the bridge, our course went again north-easterly, and in about an hour from thence we reached the town of Shahraban, which we entered through mud-walled lanes and dusty roads, just as the moon was setting; and with some difficulty, at this unsea-sonable hour, found our way to a khan.SEPT. 5th. The village of Shahraban is composed, like that of Bakouba, of scattered brick dwellings, some few regular streets, and mud-walled gardens and palm-grounds. It has one mosque with a well-built minaret, and two khans, but nothing else worthy of notice. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 11
SOURCE for Shahrevan
« Shahrevan » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 415
SOURCE for Shehrban
« The extent of Apolloniatis, more anciently called Sittacene, according to Strabo and others, is stated as thirty-three schœni, or eighty-two and a half miles, and this distance, estimating from Seleucia, would bring us exactly to Kizil Robat of the modern route, which it will be seen is eighty miles distant from Baghdad. In its immediate neighbourhood, therefore, was the boundary line between Apolloniatis and the next province or district. Between Bakuba and Kizil Robat at the present day is Shehrban, with numerous vestiges of ancient civilization in its environs, some of them of sufficient importance to arrest attention, especially the vast mounds and ruinous walls of Eski Baghdad, or Old Baghdad, about three miles to the north of the village. » #3577 C. Masson, Illustration of the Route from Seleucia to Apobatana, as Given by Isidorus of Charax, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1850 ~ p. 102
SOURCE for Shehreban
« We reached Shehreban at eleven o'clock P. M., and found it almost entirely deserted. It is a place of considerable extent. We wandered through the desolate streets some time, without finding any house with inhabitants, till we came to a caravanserai, where we met a man who told us that all the inhabitants had left the place, which had been sacked and ruined by the Coords.We pitched our tents a quarter of a mile from the town; and remained the following day at Shehreban, to enable us to examine some ruins in the neighbourhood. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 273
SOURCE for Sheraban
« Some large graveyards, with brick graves, a crumbling imamzada, a pointed arch of brick over the Nahrud canal, a few ass caravans, with a live fowl tied by one leg on the back of each ass, and struggling painfully to keep its uneasy seat, some cultivation and much waste, and then we reached the walled village of Sheraban, once a town, but now only possessing 300 houses. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 57
SOURCE for Shuburgan
« fn. 3 See p. 112. Herbert seems to refer to Cunaxa, where the famous battle was fought in 401 B.c.; but that place is on the Euphrates. As regards some of the places mentioned on the route, Sir Denison Ross writes that either Corranda or Corryn may stand for Karind, and Sabbercawn is Shuburgan. »
#3211 ed. Foster, William, Thomas Herbert travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ notes to page 220 p. 327
SOURCE for Steroban
« Delà paſſant outre, and cheminant la plus grande partie de la nuict par vn tres bon pays, où nous trouuafmes force foſſez et ruiffeaux, nous arriuaſmes en vn autre licu fort plaiſant, à cause des arbriffeaux, et datiers qui y font, et pource auſſi qu'il eſt en-uironné quafi de tous coſtez de collines mediocres. Le lieu s'appelle STEROBAN, tout autour le pays eft fort fertile, et non gueres loing delà, il nous fallut paffer fix bras d'vne riuiere, et beaucoup de foſſez pleins d'eau, [From there, passing on, and traveling the greater part of the night through a very good country, where we found many ditches and streams, we arrived at another very pleasant place, because of the shrubs and date trees which grow there, and also because it is surrounded on all sides by moderate hills. The place is called STEROBAN, all around the country is very fertile, and not far beyond, we had to cross several branches of a river, and many ditches full of water,] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ pp. 117-8
« The place is called Stéroban, (1) and the neighbouring country is very fertile;
fn. 1 ? Shāhraban, a village near Daskara. See le Strange, Lands of the Eastern Caliphate, p. 62. » #3613 ed. E. Denison Ross, Sir Anthony Sherley and His Persian Adventure, The Broadway Travellers; RoutledgeCurzon, 1933; 2005 ~ p. 158/238 pdf
« 11/11 Steroban (Shahraban) » #3620 Stefanos Yerasimos, Les voyageurs dans l'Empire Ottoman (XIV - XVI siecles). Bibliographie, itineraires et inventaire des lieux habites., Imprimerie De La Sociêtê Turquie D'histoire,, Ankara, 1991 ~ p. 429

R160-004 Haronie
R160-004 Haronie : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3102639 coordinate: lat 34.0213889 long 44.9938889
NIMA/GNS names: Al Mansuriyah , Mansuriya , Mansuriyah ,
VARIANT names: Al Mansuriyah , Haronie , Haruni , Haruniyya , Haruniyyah , Mansurie ,
SOURCE for Al Mansuriyah
SOURCE for Haronie
« Passammo poi un'altra villa chiamata Haronie, da un tal Haron, come da Alessandro Alessandria: di là dalla quale ci attendammo e posammo la notte travagliati molto da certi ladri, che per l'oscurità venivano car-pone per terra a rubare a questo e quello mentre si dormiva. [We then passed another village called Haronie, named after a certain Haron, as if from Alexander Alexandria: beyond which we camped and slept the night, much troubled by certain thieves, who in the darkness came crawling on the ground to steal from this one and that one while they were sleeping.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 428
SOURCE for Haruni
« Haruni » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, }
SOURCE for Haruniyya
« Hārūniyya 5 hours » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Haruniyyah
« Of the towns of Baghdad are:- an-Nahrawan; Baradan;(2) Karah;(3) ad-Daskarah; Tarāstān;(4) Härüniyyah ;(5) Jalulā'; Bajisra;(6) Baqubah;(7) Iskaf;(8) Buwahriz;(9)Kalwādhā; Darzijān;(10) al-Mada'in; Gil;(11) Sib;(12) Dairu-l-'Aqül; an-Nu'maniy-fn. 4 This is evidently the same as Tarāristan which is mentioned Rustan (p.164) and also in the Kitabu-l-Buldan of Ibnu-l-Faqin ( p. 213). At Tararistan there was a qarfarah, or an arched structure of masonry which the Baghdad-Khaniqin road passed. It was situated between Daskarah and Jalula' at about 20 farsakhs from Baghdad.fn. 5 This is the place mentioned in Ibn Rustah (p. 164) as being near the Qangarah of Tararistan. Yaqût (IV. 946) describes it as a village district of Baghdad near Shahräbän, on the Khurasan road. The wonderful bridge of arches of which he speaks and which he calls Qantaratu-l-Haru-niyyah must be the same as Qandarat Tararistan already mentioned. Another town called al-Härüniyyah was situated in Syria. It was founded by ar-Rashid, from whom it took its name.fn. 7. This is the place called in Yaqut (I. 472) Ba'aqübü or Ba?qübā, which the name by which it is known as the present day. Ba?qüba lies on the Dayalai river (the Diyala of the maps) at a distance of 10 farsakhs from Baghdad. »
#3135 Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Muqaddasi ed. George Speirs Alexander Ranking, Ahsānu-t-taqāsim Fi Ma?rifati-l-aqālim Volume 1, Parts 1–4, Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, No. 899, Calcutta, 1897 ~ p. 173
SOURCE for Mansurie
« Mansurie » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No.2 Baghdad 1917}

R160-005 Chizil-rabat
R160-005 Chizil-rabat : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLQ UFI: 10403107 coordinate: lat 34.184117 long 45.143526
NIMA/GNS names: Qazal Rabat , قزل رباط ,
VARIANT names: Casered , Chizil-rabat , Galula , Kesrabad , Khizil Rubaut , Kizil Robat , Kizilribat , Kizilrobat , Kizil-Rubat , Kizitrobat , Kizyl-Abad , Kizzil Robat , Kuzzelroobaut , Kuzzerabad , Kyzyl Ribat , Qazal Rabat , Qizil Ribat , Qizil Robat , Qyzrubah , Qyzyl-abad , Ribat Djalula , Ribat Jalula , Rubat Jalula ,
SOURCE for Casered
« De Charaban à Cafered, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Chizil-rabat
« Il giorno del sette, pagato un dazio che si doveva quivi, non molto a buon'ora ci mettenimo in cammino: passammo certi monti deserti e nudi d'erba, e poi una pianura simile, ed al tramontar del sole ci attendammo sotto una villa che si chiama Chizil-rabat, ed è l'ultima abitata della giurisdizion turchesca: [On the seventh day, having paid a duty which was due there, we set out at a very early hour: we passed some deserted mountains bare of grass, and then a similar plain, and at sunset we encamped beneath a village called Chizil-rabat, which is the last inhabited place under Turkish jurisdiction:] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 pp. 428-9
SOURCE for Galula
« Galūlā III D2 Qizil Ribāt. Iraq. Cité de la circonscription de Bagdad.Η 233; Hur 6, 13, 18, 19, 41; Qud 198, 226, 2238; F 165, 172; Y 270; R 164; M 53, 355, 3358; Muq 53, 115, 121, 135.Yaq II, 107-108; LS 62, 80; EI II 417. [Galūlā III D2 Qizil Ribāt. Iraq. City of the constituency of Baghdad.Η 233; Hur 6, 13, 18, 19, 41; Qud 198 , 226 , 2238; F 165, 172; Y 270; R 164; M 53, 355, 3358; Muq 53 , 115 , 121 , 135 .Jacques II, 107-108; LS 62, 80; EI II 417.] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 28
SOURCE for Kesrabad
« After a stay in Baghdad, he went on to Persia, by way of Shahraban (Muqdadiya), Kesrabad (Qizil Rabat) and Khanaqin. He described Kesrabad as being surrounded by fields and canals, with maize, cotton, melons, gourds, palm trees and pomegranates. At that time, the town had two mosques and a mixed population of Arabs and Turks. While there, he visited some ruins northeast of the town (Gauri, No. 27 on Pl. 2). (17)fn. 17 Travels in Assyria, Media and Persia... (London: Henry Colburn, 1829), pp. 11-29, esp. p. 18. »
#3603 McGuire Gibson, Uch Tepe I: Tell Razuk, Tell Ahmed Al-Mughir, Tell Ajamat, The Oriental Institute, University Of Chicago, 1981 ~ p. 16
« we approached toward the town of Kesrabad, entering it about eleven o'clock, two hours and a half from the eastern foot of the hills we had crossed, and about five and a half from our leaving Shahraban; so that its distance may be from eighteen to twenty miles east-north-east of that place. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 18
SOURCE for Khizil Rubaut
« After a march of three hours we arrived at Khizil Rubaut, com-pletely worn out with the heat and close-ness of the atmosphere.Our tents were pitched to the north of the town. Khizil Rubaut, in common with its neighbours, has suffered from the vindictive spirits of its Coordish enemies. A body of the Pasha's troops were stationed here, and gave to it a less desolate appearance than the other town through which we passed.The valley abounds in remains of ancient buildings, and proves how populous this country must have been in times of old. To the south-west of Khizil Rubaut are some extensive ruins » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 287
SOURCE for Kizil Robat
« 5 KIZIL ROBAT .. 18 m. General direction north-westerly. Passing through the roofed
bāzār and walled gardens of Shahraban, the road emerges over undulating ground showing signs of flood; there are numerous irrigation channels in all directions, some of which are deep and narrow with few and bad foot bridges. ... At 17½ miles there is cultivation on either hand, and a half mile to the left the Diala river flows in a broad, stony and rushy bed. Kizil Robat, which is now entered, has a post and telegraph office and several caravansarais on the further side of the town. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 147
« Then came a grove of palms, and then the town or village of Kizil Robat (Red Shrine), with its imamzada, whose reputation for sanctity is indicated by the immense number of graves which surround it. The walls of this decayed and wretched town are of thick layers of hardened but now crumbling earth, and on the east side there is an old gateway of burned brick. There are said to be 400 houses, which at the lowest computation would mean a population of 2000, but inhabited houses and ruins are so jumbled up together that one cannot form any estimate. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 60
SOURCE for Kizilribat
« village of Ḳizilribāṭ (and?) Ḥafrābād 6 hours » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 275
SOURCE for Kizilrobat
« We halted for the day at the large village of Kizilrobat , in a vast caravanserai , where we were able to procure provisions and to obtain shelter from the sun. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 209
SOURCE for Kizil-Rubat
« Nous nous remimes en chemin la nuit du 11, et campames après cinq heures de marche à Kizil-Rubat (1); encore fur le bord de la Diala. C'eſt un bourg et un diſtrict, duquel-dé-pendent Bedraï, Kiechab et quelques autres bourgsfn. 1 Kizil figifie rouge, et Rubat un Kiervanferaï [We set off again on the night of the 11th, and camped after a five-hour march at Kizil-Rubat (1); still on the banks of the Diala. It is a town and a district, from which Bedraï, Kiechab, and several other towns depend.fn. 1 Kizil means red, and Rubat means Kiervanferaï] »
#2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 172
SOURCE for Kizitrobat
« Kizitrobat » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, }
SOURCE for Kizyl-Abad
« On se trouve ensuite dans une plaine abondante en gibier. Nous arrivâmes à neuf heures et demie à Kizyl-Abad, grand village habité par des Turcomans, et orné de bosquets de dattiers: on y voit trois caravansérails et quelques misérables boutiques. Une petite ri-vière coule auprès, et va se jeter à un quart de lieue dans la Diala. [We then find ourselves in a plain abundant in game. We arrived at nine thirty at Kizyl-Abad, a large village inhabited by Turkmen, and adorned with groves of date palms: there are three caravanserais and a few miserable shops. A small river flows nearby, and flows a quarter of a league away into the Diala.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 222
SOURCE for Kizzil Robat
« Kizzil Robat » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 415
SOURCE for Kuzzelroobaut
« It will be seen that Khan-e-Keen is seated on the river Silwund, which may well be the Silla of antiquity; that its distance corresponds, with sufficient accuracy, to that assigned to Artemita from Seleucia and Ctesiphon. (1)
fn. 1 There is no measuring off the exact distance of this place on Kinnier's Map, as in it its name is altogether omitted. In a route from Sennah by Kermanshah to Bagdad, by Mr. Webb, attached to the geographical memoir for the illustration of this map, Khanakee is stated to be eighteen miles from Kuzzelroobaut (or Kesrabad) and this measures exactly sixty miles, the distance of Dastagherd from Ctesiphon, making the whole seventy-eight. »
#1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 35
SOURCE for Kuzzerabad
« Kuzzerabad » in {map#1120 in #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~ fig. General Map of Persia}
SOURCE for Kyzyl Ribat
« The royal roads were under military guard, the soldiers were stationed in dastākrta, cor-responding to a Roman castellum, whence the common place name Dastgird, Daskara, the most famous halfway between Ctesiphon and the Iranian frontier. Another term is Old Persian pāraka ("guard-house, fort"), whence pahra, fabradj, etc., a name common at district and provincial frontiers. Since they served for controlling traffic and as custom offices, they often stood at bridgeheads.At that time the great Seljuk Malikshāh, or indeed Nizām al-Mulk, who ruled for the young prince, reorganized the entire road and post system. He straightened, e.g., the track of the road from Baghdad to Djalūlā (near Dastagird), called from that time Ribāt Djalūla, later Kyzyl Ribāt, "the Red Ribāt," because it was one of the lines of ribāts built by Malikshāh. Rabata is "to peg one's horse," ribāt is the "soldier's camp," and replaces the old dastākrta. » #3585 Ernst Herzfeld, Damascus: Studies in Architecture: II, Ars Islamica, 1943 vol. 10:pp. 13-70 ~ p. 25
SOURCE for Qazal Rabat
SOURCE for Qizil Ribat
« 75 Qizil Ribāt. T., P.O. Several caravanserais on the farther side of the town. Supplies plentiful in normal times, Water abundant. Good grazing. Fuel scarce. camels. About 50 other transport animals could be collected daily. » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 188
SOURCE for Qizil Robat
« Qizil Robat » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No.2 Baghdad 1917}
SOURCE for Qyzrubah
« Qyzrubāh (Qizil Robat, Qyzyl-ābād), June 8, 1911 (pp. 19-20); » #3401 Ernst Herzfeld, Ernst Herzfeld Papers, Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives., 2011 ~ p. 6308/6475
SOURCE for Qyzyl-abad
SOURCE for Ribat Djalula
« DJALULA, a town in Irak (Babylonia) and, in the mediaeval division of this province, the capital of a district (fassudi) of the Shadh-Kubadh circle to the east of the Tigris, was a station on the important Khurasan road, the main route between Babylonia and Iran, and was at about an equal distance (7 parasangs 28 miles) from Dastadjird [q.v.] in the south-west and from Khanikin in the north-east. ... According to Mustawfi, writing about 740/1340, the Saldjük sultan Malikshāh (465-85/1073-92) built at Djalüla a watch-house (ribāt, popularly rubat) which probably served also as a caravanserai; after his time the place was usually called Ribat Djalūlā. This statement helps us to locate the site of Djalüla with certainty; for indeed there can be almost no doubt that Ribāt Djalūlā must be identified with the modern Kizilrobat, especially since the distances given by the Arab geographers for Djalûla' apply perfectly to Kizilroba?. Its geographical position is 34° 10' N., 45° E.; it lies within the mountains, at the east end of the pass through the Diabal Hamrin. The Diyālā flows by at some distance to the east of the town. The name Kizilrobat ("red caravanserai") is popularly corrupted to Kazilābādh and Kazrābādh (cf. Petermann, Reisen im Orient, ii, 274) or abbreviated to Kizrabāt (cf. Herzfeld, in Petermanns Geogr. Mitt., 1907, 51). Like its mediaeval predecessor, the modern Kizlirobä? is of only moderate impor-tance; it still has no other rôle than that of a transit and relay station on an important caravan route. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ col. 2 p. 406
SOURCE for Ribat Jalula
« Ribāṭ Jalūlā 5—it was built by the Seljuk Sultan Malik-Shāh » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Rubat Jalula
« thence 5 to Rubāt Jalūlā built by Malik-Shah the Saljuq (3)
fn. 3 Rubāt Jalūlā, a place famous in 'Abbasid times, is probably the present caravan-serai of Qizil Rubat (the Red Guardhouse). »
#1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162

R160-006 Ciai-chanaghi
R160-006 Ciai-chanaghi : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kanaqin , Khanaqin , Khanikin , Khaniqin ,
VARIANT names: artemita , Canaquin , Chanekin , Ciai-chanaghi , Conaguy , Farhatserin , Hadji-Kara , Hanikin , Haniqin , Kanaqin , Khanakee , Khanaki , Khan-e-Keen , Khan-el-Keen , Khanikin , Khaniqin , Khannikin , Old Khaniqi ,
SOURCE for artemita
« to, mention is made of a city called Artemita, of which, from the correspondence of relative distance and local feature, I should conceive this place of Khan-e-Keen to be the site.Strabo speaks of Artemita as a celebrated city. Isidore of Charax says, that it was seated on a river called the Silla. ... M. D'Anville says, "Artemita was a Greek city, on a stream whose name, which is sometimes written Silla, should rather be M. D'Anville says, "Artemita was a Greek city, on a stream whose name, which is sometimes written Silla, should rather be called Delas, the modern form whereof is Diala." (3)
fn.3 Compendium of Ancient Geography. English Edit. 8vo. vol. 2, p. 469. »
#1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 35
SOURCE for Canaquin
« Le vingt-cinquiéme nous partînaes avant le jour, et nous arrivâmes Canaquin Village fort gros, où l'on cravaille beaucoup en foye. [On the twenty-fifth we left before daybreak, and we arrived at Canaquin Village, a very large village, where they work a lot in the village.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 136
SOURCE for Chanekin
« Chanekin » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, }
SOURCE for Ciai-chanaghi
« Sopra la ripa vi trovai le reliquie di una grossa terra, alla quale adesso non resta altro che il nome di Ciai-chanaghi; cioè, cor-rottamente un poco, [On the bank I found the remains of a large land, of which now nothing remains but the name of Ciai-chanaghi; that is, somewhat corrupted,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 431
SOURCE for Conaguy
« De Cafered à Conaguy, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Farhatserin
« Or ayant paffé beaucoup de montagnes, nous arriuafmes aux ruines fort memorables de FARHATSERIN, qui fut iadis vne tref-grande ville, aupres deſquelles nous nous ar-reſtaſmes à coſté d'vn petit fleuue. [Now having crossed many mountains, we arrived at the very memorable ruins of FARHATSERIN, which was formerly a very large city, near which we stopped beside a small river.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 118
« 14/11 Farhatserin (Khanaquin) » #3620 Stefanos Yerasimos, Les voyageurs dans l'Empire Ottoman (XIV - XVI siecles). Bibliographie, itineraires et inventaire des lieux habites., Imprimerie De La Sociêtê Turquie D'histoire,, Ankara, 1991 ~ p. 429
SOURCE for Hadji-Kara
« Nous fimes halte dans le village de Hadjy-Kara, situé sur la rive droite de cette rivière. Il y a un caravansérail nouvellement bâti. C'est le dernier en-droit où l'on trouve des dattiers sur cette route. [We stopped in the village of Hadjy-Kara, located on the right bank of this river. There is a newly built caravanserai. It is the last place where date palms can be found on this route.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 223
SOURCE for Hanikin
« Describing the population of such towns as Qizil Robat and ?āni?in, Herzfeld noted that in 1905 they were overwhelmingly Persophone (Herzfeld 1907: 51). Moreover, he noted that at this time ?āni?in, which is today c. 11–12 km. from the Iran-Iraq border, was the last town on Ottoman soil, housing the quarantine station in a large caravanserai, an important stopping point for Persian pilgrims en route to Kerbelā and Najaf. » #3576 D. T. Potts, On Cultural Boundaries and Languages in Western Iran: The Case of the Zagros Gates, in: ed. Ali Hozhabri, Archaeology of Iran in the Historical Period, University of Tehran and Springer, , 2020, pp. 55-63 ~ p. 59
SOURCE for Haniqin
« HäniqinIII D2Id. Iraq.Cité de la circonscription (kūra) de Hulwan.I 172; Η 233, 234; Hur 6, 19; Qud 198, 235; Y 270;R 164; M 53, 355; Muq 25, 53, 115, 121, 135. Yaq II, 393; LS 61-62, 80; DKI 484-85; EI2 IV 1056-57. [Häniqin III D2 Id. Iraq. City of the constituency (kūra) of Hulwan. I 172; Η 233, 234; Hur 6:19; Qud 198, 235; Y 270; R 164; M 53, 355; Muq 25, 53, 115, 121, 135. Jac II, 393; LS 61-62, 80; DKI 484-85; EI2 IV 1056-57.] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 28
SOURCE for Kanaqin
« city of Khāniqin 5 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Khanakee
« Khanakee » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 415
SOURCE for Khanaki
« and reached Khanaki at nine in the morning. We crossed the Diala, which washes the northern walls of the town, over a handsome bridge, built by the Persians to facilitate their pilgrimage to Meshed Ali. About a mile to the N. we pitched our tents in the neighbourhood of some gardens.Khanaki, which is of reputed antiquity, defines the frontier of the Pashalick of Bag-dad, and has met with a fate natural to its unfortunate position between two rival pow-ers. About two years ago it was taken by Mohummud Ali Meerza, and must at that time have had its share of the calamities of war. Upon the retreat of the Prince into Kermanshah, he left behind him a garrison of three hundred Coords, who were surprised by the Pasha of Bagdad, and, without ex-ception, put to the sword. This catastrophe occurred only six months back. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 294
SOURCE for Khan-e-Keen
« It will be seen that Khan-e-Keen is seated on the river Silwund, which may well be the Silla of antiquity; that its distance corresponds, with sufficient accuracy, to that assigned to Artemita from Seleucia and Ctesiphon. (1)
fn. 1 There is no measuring off the exact distance of this place on Kinnier's Map, as in it its name is altogether omitted. In a route from Sennah by Kermanshah to Bagdad, by Mr. Webb, attached to the geographical memoir for the illustration of this map, Khanakee is stated to be eighteen miles from Kuzzelroobaut (or Kesrabad) and this measures exactly sixty miles, the distance of Dastagherd from Ctesiphon, making the whole seventy-eight. »
SOURCE for Khan-el-Keen
« Khan-el-Keen » in {map#1120 in #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~ fig. General Map of Persia}
SOURCE for Khanikin
« At 18½ miles, crossing a stream, walled gardens are reached passing between which, stony streets are traversed, and the bridge over the rapid stream of the Hulvan crossed at 19 miles. The river bed is 100 yards wide, and the bridge is solid brick and stone; roadway 25 feet. The stream, 60 yards wide, is fordable. Khānikin is situated on both banks of the Hulvän river amongst gardens, and possesses a telegraph and post office. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 148
« Le lendemain après avoir paſſé la rivière à gué, nous fimes cinq heu-res de chemin, et campames à Khanikin, gros bourg ſitué ſur le bord de la rivière de Halvan, [The next day, after fording the river, we traveled for five hours and camped at Khanikin, a large town situated on the banks of the Halvan River.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 173
« As the day broke we found ourselves approaching the foot of the great Zagros range, and soon after sunrise reached another large caravanserai at the picturesque but half- ruined village of Khanikin , embedded in palms and watered by the small river Holwan , here crossed by a large and well- built bridge . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 210
SOURCE for Khaniqin
« it is 5 leagues to Khaniqin city, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« Of the towns of Hulwan are:- Khāniqin; Zabūjān; Shalāshilan; (3) al-Jamid; (4) al-Hurr; as-Sirawan; (5) Bandanijān.(6)
fn. 6 The town called in Yaqūt al-Bandanijain (I.745). The original Persian name of the town was Wandanikān. It is, he says, a well-known place on the far side of an-Nahrawan towards the Jabal (Persian Iraq). It is a dependency of Baghdad, but might also be reckoned among the townships of Mihrijangadhaq. One of its inhabitants thus describes it: al-Bandanijain is a collection of hamlets, separate one from the other and each not visible from the others but of which the palm-trees continue with no interval. The largest hamlet was called Baqutnāyā, where there was a market and where the Governor's house and the residence of the Qadhi stood. The other hamlets were Buwaiqiyā, Sūq Jamil and Filisht. »
#3135 Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Muqaddasi ed. George Speirs Alexander Ranking, Ahsānu-t-taqāsim Fi Ma?rifati-l-aqālim Volume 1, Parts 1–4, Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, No. 899, Calcutta, 1897 ~ p. 174
SOURCE for Khannikin
« From the top of the next slope there was a view of Khannikin, a considerable-looking town among groves of palms and other trees. Then came a worse sea of mud, and a rudely cobbled causeway, so horrible that it diverted us back into the mud, which was so bottomless that it drove us back to the causeway, and the causeway back to the mud, the rain all the time coming down in sheets. This causeway, without improvement, is carried through Khannikin, a town with narrow blind alleys, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 62
SOURCE for Old Khaniqi
« village of Old Khāniqi 8 parasangs—a large river flows in front of it » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375

R160-007 Casr-i-Scirin
R160-007 Casr-i-Scirin : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ghasr-i-shirin , Ghasr-shirin , Qasr-e Shirin , Qasr-i-Shirin , قصر شيرين ,
VARIANT names: Cachacherin , Calacherin , Casri-Chirin , Casr-i-Scirin , Cassiscirin , Chefdra Sherin , Depegoz , Kafri-Chirin , Kasr-e- Sheree , Kasr-i-Shirin , Kasri-Shirin , Kassr-Shirine , Kusra Shireen , Qasr-e Shirin , Qasr-i-Shirin ,
SOURCE for Cachacherin
Peu éloignez de ces beaux en droits, nous campames en un Lieu nommé Cachacherin. [Not far from these beautiful places, we camped in a place called Cachacherin.]
SOURCE for Calacherin
« Nous ſeiournaſmes laiuſques au dix-feptiefme iour, et en partif-mes auant Soleil leué. Le dix-huictiefme iour du mois nous vinſmesà CALACHERIN, lieu duquel les maiſons eftoient baſties dans vn eſcueil, et de meſme façon que font les trous des pigeons dans les coulombiers. Il y avn chaſteau baſti ſur le coupeau dudit eſcucil: lequel eſt vn lieu de fi difficile accez, que c'eſt merueille. [We turned to the seventeenth day, and left before sunrise. On the eighteenth day of the month we came to CALACHERIN, where the houses were built on a reef, in the same way as pigeon holes are made in dovecotes. There was a castle built on the top of the said reef: which is a place of such difficult access that it is marvelous.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 120
« 18/11 Calacherin (Qasr-i Shirin) » #3620 Stefanos Yerasimos, Les voyageurs dans l'Empire Ottoman (XIV - XVI siecles). Bibliographie, itineraires et inventaire des lieux habites., Imprimerie De La Sociêtê Turquie D'histoire,, Ankara, 1991 ~ p. 429
SOURCE for Casri-Chirin
« Nous parvinmes' à neuf heures et un quart près d'un chétif hameau, nommé Casri-Chirin, entouré de collines calcaites, dont la cou-leur est verdâtre. On n'y voit qu'un petit nombre de mauvaises mazures voisines de quelques plantations de riz, et un beau cavaransérail, où nous couchâmes. [At a quarter past nine we arrived near a small hamlet called Casri-Chirin, surrounded by limestone hills of a greenish color. There are only a few poor huts near a few rice plantations, and a beautiful cavaranserai, where we slept.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 224
SOURCE for Casr-i-Scirin
« Il giorno appresso trovammo una gran terra pur distrutta ed abbandonata, che la chiamano ancora Casr-i-Scirin, cioè Palazzo di Scirin. Scirin, in persiano, significa dolce, ma è anche nome proprio d'uomini e di donne, ed in particolare di una gran signora, in queste parti padrona, al creder mio, di quel palazzo o terra che fu dama di un Chosrou re di Persia, e degli amori loro ce ne è fra' Persiani un poema famosissimo. [The next day we found a large, yet destroyed and abandoned, town that they still call Casr-i-Scirin, meaning Palace of Scirin. Scirin, in Persian, means sweet, but it is also a proper name for men and women, and in particular for a great lady, in these parts mistress, I believe, of that palace or town that was the lady of a certain Chosrou, king of Persia, and about their love affairs there is a very famous poem among the Persians.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 431
SOURCE for Cassiscirin
« De Conaguy à Callifcirin, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Chefdra Sherin
« Provvedutomi pertanto di un buon giumento, paflai per Chefdra Scerin Città affatto diruta, e che dicono eſſer ſtata edificata anticamente ad onore del Sole [Having therefore provided myself with a good donkey, I set out for Chefdra Scerin, a city which was completely ruined, and which they say had been built in ancient times in honour of the Sun.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Depegoz
« Qaṣr-i Shirin, also called Depegöz 7—it is a ruined fortress » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Kafri-Chirin
« d'où nous allames le furlendemain en cinq heu-res à Kafri-Chirin (1), que l'Idriſi place à ſept lieues de Khanikin, à cinq de Halvan et à 20 de Chehre-zour. Kafri-Chirin eſt une fortereſſe que Khofrew Pervis fit autrefois bâ-tir pour loger ſa maîtreſſe Chirin. Elle a mille pas de circonférence; la rivière de Halvan paſſe tout au-près; l'air y eſt mal ſain, et le Semoum que les Turcs appellent Sam-yeli, y fouffe quelquefois.
fn. 1 Kafri-Chirin eſt à 71 d. 30 m. de long. fur 33 d. 40 m. de lat ſuiyant le Canon, et à 71 d. 4 m. de long. fur 33 d. 55 m. de lat. fuivant le Kias, [From where we went the next day in five hours to Kafri-Chirin (1), which the Idrisi places seven leagues from Khanikin, five from Halvan and 20 from Chehre-zour. Kafri-Chirin is a fortress that Khofrew Pervis once had built to house his mistress Chirin. It has a circumference of a thousand paces; the Halvan River passes very close by; the air there is unhealthy, and the Semoum, which the Turks call Sam-yeli, sometimes flows there.
fn. 1 Kafri-Chirin is 71 d. 30 m. long, 33 d. 40 m. wide following the Canon, and 71 d. 4 m. long. 33 d. 55 m. lat. following the Kias,] »
#2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 173
SOURCE for Kasr-e- Sheree
« Kasr-e- Sheree » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 414
SOURCE for Kasr-i-Shirin
« A six hours' march ended at the wildly-situated village of Kasr-i-Shirin, high on the right bank of the Holwan, with a plantation of dates on the left bank and considerable cultivation in the valley. It has only eighty houses of the most wretched construction, rivalled in height and size by middens, the drainage of which wastes itself on the wretched roadway. A caravanserai of the most miserable description, a square fort with a small garrison, and some large graveyards with domed tombs and curious obelisks, are the salient features of this village. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 79
SOURCE for Kasri-Shirin
« We again made a short journey through a rocky and hilly country to Kasri-Shirin , a village in ruins and deserted on account of the depredations of the robber tribes dwelling on the Persian frontier, which were perpetually making forays in the plain, pillaging the villages and plundering caravans . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 212
SOURCE for Kassr-Shirine
« The modern town of Kassr-Shirine consists of about fifty dwellings, enclosed within a wall of mud and stone, between the ruins of the old palace and the river. The khan, however, which is outside this enclosure, is large and commodious ; in its construction were used a large quantity of square red bricks, similar to those seen at Modain, and taken pro1)ably from the ruins above. The river Alwund flows by the spot, in a valley running from east to west ; and after passing the town about half a mile, it makes a bend to the south-westward : its stream is narrow, but rapid and clear, and its banks are generally covered with rushes. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Kusra Shireen
« Kusra Shireen, a small village of twenty-eight houses, with a caravanserai-shah in pretty good condition, is situated on the side of a mountain, at the foot of which flows the Dialla. This is an abominable place, and the inhabitants, a rascally set, form part of the rabble who lie in wait for travellers at Kanaki. ... This village is situated at the western extremity of a large town in ruins, and the enceinte, which is clearly to be traced, forms a long square of at least a league in length on the shortest front. » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 12
SOURCE for Qasr-e Shirin
SOURCE for Qasr-i-Shirin
« following up the right bank of the river, at 18 miles the road passes under a hill crowned by by a stone fort and reaches Qasr-i-Shirin. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 149
« From Qasr-i-Shirin, on the road to Baghdad » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« Qaṣr-i Shirin 5 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375

R160-008 Lenghi Conaghi
R160-008 Lenghi Conaghi : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.492218 long 45.704187 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: lenghi Conaghi , un autre Conaguy ,
SOURCE for lenghi Conaghi
« Il giorno del dieci salendo per piccole montagnuole, con una mezza giornata, per comodità di vittovaglia e di strami, andammo a posarci presso un fiumicello chiamato lenghi Imam, sotto una piccola villa di Curdi, detta lenghi Conaghi, cioè Nuova Posata. [On the tenth, climbing up small hills, with half a day's journey, for the convenience of food and straw, we went to land near a small river called Lenghi Imam, below a small Kurdish villa, called Lenghi Conaghi, that is, New Posata.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 433
SOURCE for un autre Conaguy
« De Caſſifcerin à un autre Conaguy, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286

R160-009 Pesciver
R160-009 Pesciver : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3078472 coordinate: lat 34.461092 long 45.862644 NIMA/GNS names: Pol-e Zahab , Pol-e Zohab , Sar-e Pol-e Zahab , Sari-Pul , Sar-i-Pul Zuhab , Sarpol , Sarpol-e Zahab , سر پل ذهاب , VARIANT names: Adgem-Khanikin , Alaman , Aniqui , Chala , Halman , Halouan , Halwan , Holwan , Hulwan , Pesciver , Pool Zohaub , Pool-e-Zohaub , Sar-e Pol-e Zahab , Sar-i Pul-i-Zuhab , Saripul , Sar-i-Pul (i-Zuhab) , Saripul-i-Zohab , Serpol , Serpool , Ser-puli-Zohab , Zarg-Pol (Zagri-Piloe) , SOURCE for Adgem-Khanikin « Nous fimes le 14 cinq heures de chemin, et campames à Adgem-Khanikin fur le bord de la même rivière. Ce lieu dépend du Kiurdistan, et les Etats du Grand Seigneur finiſſent un peu au-delà. [On the 14th we traveled five hours, and camped at Adgem-Khanikin on the banks of the same river. This place depends on Kyurdistan, and the States of the Grand Seigneur end a little beyond.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 174 SOURCE for Alaman « Saripul Halwan Alaman 12-18 » in {map#1393 Map of Ancient sites of Iraq, Directorate General of Antiquities, Baghdad, 1954, } SOURCE for Aniqui On commence de là à ne plus trouver de Caravanſerail. Le 23 pous campâmes ſur les frontieres de Perſe et de Turquie, ce lieu ſe nomme Aniqui, où il y a une petite riviere qui ſepare ces deu Empires. [From there we begin to find no more Caravanserais. On the 23rd we camped on the borders of Persia and Turkey, this place is called Aniqui, where there is a small river which separates these two Empires.] SOURCE for Chala « A2 [Hulwan]/Valashfarr/Beth Lashpar/Chala/Albania § Chalonitis ACHRL Sar Pol-i Zohab IRQ Isid Char 3; Herzfeld 1968, 12;Oppenheimer 1983, 146-49 » #846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000, ~ p. 1317 SOURCE for Halman « If Halman was centered on Sar-e Pol-e Zohab, then Namar (Assyrian Namri) was presumably contiguous or, at the very least, nearby, judging from the fact that a single governor had jurisdiction over both regions. » #3503 D. T. Potts, Elamite Karintas and Avestan Kvirinta: Notes on the Early History of Kerend, Iranian Studies, vol. 50:no. 3:pp. 345-367 ~ p. 347 SOURCE for Halouan « This corresponds precisely with the situation of the present Kassr-Shirine, which is just midway between Halouan, the present Zohaub, and Khan-e-Keen, the last station we had passed on our way. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 39 SOURCE for Halwan « Saripul Halwan Alaman 12-18 » in {map#1393 Map of Ancient sites of Iraq, Directorate General of Antiquities, Baghdad, 1954, } SOURCE for Holwan « The district of Kurrend extends along the brink of Mount Zagros, from the vicinity of Holwan to the village of Goour. It is covered with forests of stunted oak, and inhabited by an extraordinary race of men, » #3021 John Macdonald Kinneir, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, John Murray, London, 1813 ~ p. 141 « About 3 km. further along the main road is the Kurdish village of Sar-i Pul-i-Zuhab. Captured by the Arabs when they swept triumph-antly over the land in A.D. 640, the original settlement was renamed Holvan. Later it passed into Saljuq hands, in A.D. 1046, but the town was destroyed by fire and earthquake in 1149. » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 135 SOURCE for Hulwan Hulwan (Persian: حلوان) was an ancient town on the Zagros Mountains in western Iran, located on the entrance of the Paytak Pass, nowadays identified with the town of Sarpol-e Zahab. [accessed 04 Feb 2025] « Then from Hulwan, the first place in the province of Arabian Iraq » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162 « Hulwan III D2Sar-i-Pül Zuhab. Iran.Capitale (qasaba) de la circonscription (kürs) du même nom.1 79, 80, 86, 87, 190, 196, 200; Η 169, 231, 234, 235, 246, 358, 368, 370, 371; Hur 5, 6, 14, 19, 20, 41, 172, 173, 178; Qud 198, 226, 232, 235, 236, 243, 244; F 165, 199, 210, 211, 258; Y 270; R 97, 104, 105, 164; M 36, 37, 40, 347, 358; Muq 50, 53, 114, 115, 123, 125, 128, 133, 135, 258, 259, 401.Yaq II, 317-21; LS 191 et index; DKI 489; EI2 III 591. [Hulwan III D2 Sar-e-Pul Zuhab. Iran. Capital (qasaba) of the district (kürs) of the same name. 1 79, 80, 86, 87, 190, 196, 200; Η 169, 231, 234, 235, 246, 358, 368, 370, 371; Sun 5, 6, 14, 19, 20, 41, 172, 173, 178; Qud 198, 226, 232, 235, 236, 243, 244; F 165, 199, 210, 211, 258; Y 270; R 97, 104, 105, 164; M 36, 37, 40, 347, 358; Muq 50, 53, 114, 115, 123, 125, 128, 133, 135, 258, 259, 401. Yak II, 317-21; LS 191 et index; DKI 489; EI2 III 591.] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 29 « Ḥulwān 1, via the pass ofṬāq-i Kamarābād » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375 « Hulwan (4) is a small capital. It is both a plain and a hill city, surrounded on all sides by gardens and grape-vines and fig trees, and situated close to the mountains. It has a long market and an ancient fortress, as well as a small stream of water. (5) It also has a quhandiz, and in the interior of which stands the mosque. The town is approached from eight different roads-the road of Khura-san, the road of al-Baqat, the road of al-Musalla, the road of the fn. 4 Hulwan, in the extreme north-east of al-'Iraq, at the foot of the mountain range of Persia. It was 5 farsakas distant from Qasr Shirin and 41 from Baghdad. The town does not exist at the present day, but the name is preserved in that of the river of Holwan. It is supposed to have been found-ed by Qubad, or Cobades, of the Sassanian dynasty of Persia, who reigned from A.D. 488 to 498, and again from 501 or 502 till 531. In the days of its prosperity Hulwan was the sixth city in al-'Iraq and was celebrated for its pomegranates which were without a like in the whole world and also for its fig which from its excellence acquired the name of Shah anjir, "the king of figs." There were sulphur springs in the neighbourhood of Hulwan, which possessed healing properties for a variety of ailments. Yäqût describes the climate of Hulwan as noxious and its water as bad. II. 317.fn. 5 The Holwan river, an affluent of the Diyala which in this part of its course is known as the Shirwan river. » #3135 Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Muqaddasi ed. George Speirs Alexander Ranking, Ahsānu-t-taqāsim Fi Ma?rifati-l-aqālim Volume 1, Parts 1–4, Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, No. 899, Calcutta, 1897 ~ p. 197 SOURCE for Pesciver « Il giorno dell'undici partimmo tardo, per asciugare i padiglioni, che intostati e gelati dalla neve, non si potevano piegare: tuttavia giugnemmo a buon'ora a posarci sotto una gran montagna, che bisognava passare, vicino ad un castello chiamato Pesciver, fab-bricato di nuovo in quel luogo per guardia de' confini, ed allora appunto ci risiedeva quel Casum sultan, che dissi di sopra, con forse cinquecento de' suoi soldati, tenendo il resto della sua mi-lizia sparsa in diversi luoghi dei confini là vicino. [On the eleventh we set out late, to dry the tents, which, being thick and frozen with snow, could not be bent: however, we arrived early and stopped under a great mountain, which we had to pass, near a castle called Pesciver, newly built in that place to guard the borders, and at that time that Casum sultan, whom I mentioned above, was residing there, with perhaps five hundred of his soldiers, keeping the rest of his militia scattered in various places on the borders nearby.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 434 SOURCE for Pool Zohaub « We reached Pool Zohaub, or Serpool, at sunrise, crossed the river over a well-built bridge, and pitched our tents on a rich plain, about half a mile to the south-east of the village, near an immense wall of limestone, which divides this from another fertile valley, » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 316 SOURCE for Pool-e-Zohaub « Pool-e-Zohaub » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 414 SOURCE for Sar-e Pol-e Zahab SOURCE for Sar-i Pul-i-Zuhab « About 3 km. further along the main road is the Kurdish village of Sar-i Pul-i-Zuhab. Captured by the Arabs when they swept triumph-antly over the land in A.D. 640, the original settlement was renamed Holvan. Later it passed into Saljuq hands, in A.D. 1046, but the town was destroyed by fire and earthquake in 1149. » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 135 SOURCE for Saripul « Saripul Halwan Alaman 12-18 » in {map#1393 Map of Ancient sites of Iraq, Directorate General of Antiquities, Baghdad, 1954, } SOURCE for Sar-i-Pul (i-Zuhab) « At 18 miles, an irrigation stream with a broad gravelly bed is crossed, and at 20 miles Sari-Pül is reached, which is a dirty and ruinous village above the right bank of the Hulvan river. The valley is mainly abandoned in winter at which time sup-plies would be very scarce. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 150 SOURCE for Saripul-i-Zohab « After riding for six hours the rain changed into sleet and wet snow, blotting out the hills and creating an unnatural twilight, in which we floundered in mud up to the mules' knees into the filthiest village I have ever seen, a compound of foul, green ditches, piles of dissolving manure, mud hovels looking as if they were dissolving too, reed huts, and an Ilyat village, grouped round the vilest of caravanserais, the entrance to which was knee-deep in mire. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 81 SOURCE for Serpol « A huit heures et demie du matin, hous nous arrêtons à Serpol, hameau composé d'une vingtaine de masures couvertes de feuilles et de paille, et situé au pied d'une colline cal-caire. Les décombres et les terres amoncelées annoncent qu'il y avait là autrefois une ville d'une certaine grandeur. [At eight-thirty in the morning, we stopped at Serpol, a hamlet composed of about twenty hovels covered with leaves and straw, and located at the foot of a limestone hill. The rubble and piled-up earth indicate that there was once a town of some size there.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 225 SOURCE for Serpool « It was quite dark when we reached the khan at Serpool , and we were all sufficiently wearied, by our excursion from the beaten track. ... The village itself is small, not having more than thirty or forty dwellings, and these all inhabited by tbe Koords of the Plain. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 53-4 SOURCE for Ser-puli-Zohab « About two hours before daylight we reached the village of Ser-puli -Zohab . The caravan did not halt at this place , but as there were ruins and sculptures in the neighbourhood which we were desirous of examining , we prevailed upon our muleteer to stop there for some hours . The ruins consisted principally of numerous mounds , marking the site of an ancient city . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 215 SOURCE for Zarg-Pol (Zagri-Piloe) « Je suis porté à croire, avec M. Olivier (1), que cette ville était Zarg-Pol, qui avait été bâtie près du défilé dont il sera question plus bas, et que les Grecs et les Romains nommaient Zagri-Piloe.fn. 1 Voyages en Turquie et en Perse, toime m, cha-pitre I, page 6, édition in-4. [I am inclined to believe, with Mr. Olivier (1), that this city was Zarg-Pol, which was built near the pass discussed below, and which the Greeks and Romans called Zagri-Pile.fn. 1 Travels in Turkey and Persia, volume m, chapter 1, page 6, quarto edition.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 225

R160-010 Chieren
R160-010 Chieren : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Karand , Karind , Kerend , Kerend-e Gharb , کرند غرب ,
VARIANT names: Chieren , Depe-i Kawzid , Guirind , Karand , Karin , Karind , Kassamkhan , Kassam-Khan , Kerend , Kerind (Kerina) , Kerrund , Kirind , Kirrind , Kurrend , Kurund , Marj al-Qal'a , Nezzeret ,
SOURCE for Chieren
« Kerend appears in western sources by the late seventeenth century. Chieren was described by Pietro Della Valle as a small place inhabited by Kurds. (35)
fn. 35. Della Valle, Der Reisen, 7: "ein kleiner von den Curden bewohnter Flecken Chieren genandt [a small place inhabited by Kurds galled Chieren)." »
#3503 D. T. Potts, Elamite Karintas and Avestan Kvirinta: Notes on the Early History of Kerend, Iranian Studies, vol. 50:no. 3:pp. 345-367 ~ p. 348
« Vicino a questo luogo, fra i dirupi stretti di certi monti, abbondanti di acqua, vi era una piccola villa chiamata Chieren, abitata da Curdi; molti de'quali, secondo il solito, vennero con robe alla nostra carovana. [Near this place, among the narrow ravines of certain mountains, abundant with water, there was a small village called Chieren, inhabited by Kurds; many of whom, as usual, came with goods to our caravan.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 434
SOURCE for Depe-i Kawzid
« Depe-i [Dih-i] Kawzid and Chūsmān 8 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Guirind
« Nous fimes après quatre heures de chemin, et campames à Guirind, premier Konak de la Perſe que l'on rencontre fur cette route. Guirind et Khouchan ſont deux villages au haut de la montagne de Halvan; le premier eſt ruiné, mais le ſecond eft habité. Il y paſſe un gros ruiſſeau, et l'air y est très-ſain. Le fort de Guirind eſt bâti au pied d'un rocher peu éloigné de Dertenk. Entre ce fort et celui de Gueilan eſt un vallon où coule ce ruiffeau qui vient de la mon-tagne d'Eïvan, où eſt le canton de Deh-Bala: de-là il va ſe rendre à Mendeli. [We traveled four hours later and camped at Guirind, the first Konak of Persia that one encounters on this road. Guirind and Khoushan are two villages at the top of the Halvan mountain; the first is ruined, but the second is inhabited. A large stream flows through them, and the air is very healthy. The fort of Guirind is built at the foot of a rock not far from Dertenk. Between this fort and that of Gueilan is a valley where flows this stream which comes from the Eïvan mountain, where is the canton of Deh-Bala: from there it goes to Mendeli.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 176
SOURCE for Karand
SOURCE for Karin
« narrows of the fortress of Karin 2—it is a fountainhead close to Iki Imām » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Karind
« The lower part of Karind is passed through at 15 miles, and half a mile further on open ground beyond is reached; here there is plenty of room for camping, and a large sarai in bad repair. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 151
SOURCE for Kassamkhan
« and arrived on the second day at Kassamkhan,9 the last village in Persia. Here we entered the boundaries of the Turk and had to surmount some lofty and rugged mountains which, at this point, separated the Persian territory of Kassamkhan from that of the Turkoman. » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 2 p. 367
SOURCE for Kassam-Khan
« The 19th we came to Kassam-Khan, the last place under the Persian government, and made a present to the governor, that he might give me a guard to protect me from the Turkomans, which he not only did, but gave me a licence to procure provisions free at his villages without payment, which yet I did not avail myself of. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 218
SOURCE for Kerend
« The toponym Kerend has a long history. This study explores the appearance of Kerend in pre-modern sources, beginning with the toponym Karintaš in the late second millennium BC. Kassite, Elamite and Assyrian rivalry for control over the central western Zagros mountains is discussed and the survival of the name in later antiquity is investigated. A derivative of the name appears in Claudius Ptolemy's Geography and in the Parthian Stations of Isidore of Charax, as well as in the late Antique Cosmographia of the Anonymous Geographer of Ravenna. A homonymous name from the area east of the Caspian Sea is also discussed, as are several unrelated names occurring in other sources (Achaemenid Elamite, Armenian).
Introduction
Excavations at Susa (modern Šūš/Shush), one of the most important archaeological sites in Iran, have yielded countless treasures and raised innumerable questions that remain to be solved. As the present study shows, sometimes even a small window » #3503 D. T. Potts, Elamite Karintas and Avestan Kvirinta: Notes on the Early History of Kerend, Iranian Studies, vol. 50:no. 3:pp. 345-367 ~ p. 345
SOURCE for Kerind (Kerina)
« Nous arrivâmes à dix heures à un village con-sidérable, appelé Kirin, l'ancienne Karina (1). Il est situé au pied d'un rocher escarpé, d'où sort une source abondante, qui se répand dana le vallon par divers canaux d'irrigation. Là sont quelques vignobles et beaucoup d'arbres fruitiers. Les habitans fabriquent de jolis tapis en laine de diverses couleurs, qu'ils vendent aux caravanes, ou qu'ils portent à Kermân-Châh. [We arrived at ten o'clock at a considerable village, called Kirin, the ancient Karina (1). It is situated at the foot of a steep rock, from which issues an abundant spring, which spreads into the valley by various irrigation canals. There are some vineyards and many fruit trees. The inhabitants make pretty woolen carpets of various colors, which they sell to caravans, or which they carry to Kerman-Shah.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 230
SOURCE for Kerrund
« In another hour, having gone south-east for two hours over the plain, and been in all about four hours and a half from the Khan-el-Tauk, we entered a fine large caravanserai, a little below the town of Kerrund, and alighted there before noon. ... we left the khan and walked up to the town, which is about a quarter of a mile to the northward of the high-way. Our road led through narrow stone-hedged lanes, on each side of which were large vineyards and gardens, with an abundance of poplar trees planted in rows. The vines were yet bending be-neath the weight of their clusters, and pomegranates studded other trees in full ripeness. ... The town consists of two portions facing each other on opposite sides of a clear stream running down between them. Each of these portions stands on so steep a slope of ground, that the houses rise in stages above each other; and every street, which consists only of one side towards the hill, has the terraces of the houses below on a level with its edge on the other side. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 66-67
« Kerrund » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 414
SOURCE for Kirind
« Denn Surkha-diza liegt 25 km hinter Hulwän. Etwas schwierig wird es allerdings für den anschließen-den Teil der Strecke: Mädharüstän Marj al-Qal'a (Kirind), die mit 6 Parasangen, also 36 km, angegeben wird. Die Entfernung Surkha-diza Kirind beträgt jedoch nur 23 km. (73) fn. 73 C. Ritter, Die Erdkunde im Verhältnis zur Natur und zur Geschichte des Menschen, 9. Theil, 3. Buch. West-Asien, 2. Aufl., 1840, S. 391/93, gibt anhand der verschiedenen Berichte von älteren Reisenden (G. Keppel, Ker Porter u.a.) für die Strecke Sar-i Pul Zuhab-Kirind nur 9 Parasangen. In diesem Fall würde sich die Strecke auf 54 km ermäßigen; der Unterschied würde also nur noch 6 km (zu 48 km) betragen. [Surkha-diza is 25 km behind Hulwän. However, it is somewhat difficult for the next part of the route: Mädharüstän Marj al-Qal'a (Kirind), which is given as 6 parasangs, i.e. 36 km. The distance to Surkha-diza Kirind is, however, only 23 km. (73) fn. 73 C. Ritter, Die Erdkunde im Beziehung zum Natur und zur Geschichte des Menschen, 9. Theil, 3. Buch. West-Asia, 2. Ed., 1840, p. 391/93, based on the various reports of older travellers (G. Keppel, Ker Porter et al.) gives only 9 parasangs for the route Sar-i Pul Zuhab-Kirind. In this case the route would be reduced to 54 km; the difference would therefore be only 6 km (to 48 km).] » #3435 Klaus Schippmann, Hinweise und Anmerkungen zu einigen sasanidischen Monumenten, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1969 vol. 7:pp. 157-162 ~ p. 162
« thence 6 to the villages of Kirind and Khūshän » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
SOURCE for Kirrind
« We resumed our march early in the afternoon , and rode for about twenty-five miles through a mountainous and difficult country to the large village of Kirrind . We stopped on the way for half an hour to rest the animals, at a caravanserai built at the foot of a very steep ascent . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 219
« Kirrind, the capital of the Kirrind Kurds, is either grotesquely or picturesquely situated in and around a narrow gap in a range of lofty hills, through which the Ab-i-Kirrind rushes, after rising in a spring immediately behind. The gap suggests the word jaws, and in these open jaws rise one above another flat-roofed houses straggling down upon the plain among vineyards, poplars, willows, fruit-trees, and immense walnuts and gardens. There are said to be 900 houses, but many of them are ruinous. The stream which bursts from the hills is divided into innumerable streamlets, which must clothe these gardens with beauty. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 93
SOURCE for Kurrend
« The district of Kurrend extends along the brink of Mount Zagros, from the vicinity of Holwan to the village of Goour. It is covered with forests of stunted oak, and inhabited by an extraordinary race of men, » #3021 John Macdonald Kinneir, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, John Murray, London, 1813 ~ p. 141
SOURCE for Kurund
« Two hours from the top of this pass, along a fine level road, brought us to the village of Kurund,where we encamped. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 331
SOURCE for Marj al-Qal'a
« Etwas schwierig wird es allerdings für den anschließen-den Teil der Strecke: Mädharüstän Marj al-Qal'a (Kirind), die mit 6 Parasangen, also 36 km, angegeben wird. [However, the next part of the route, Mädharüstän Marj al-Qal'a (Kirind), is a little more difficult, as it is 6 parasangs, or 36 km long.] » #3435 Klaus Schippmann, Hinweise und Anmerkungen zu einigen sasanidischen Monumenten, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1969 vol. 7:pp. 157-162 ~ p. 162
SOURCE for Nezzeret
« The sixe and twentieth day, wee went some two forsongs to another Cloth towne, where wee rested three daies and three nights, and there we paid Custome for our Camels to a great City being but a forsong from thence and is called Nezzeret, where, on the top of a mighty great mountaine, was a monument of a great Sultan, or Gentleman: and when wee asked, why hee was buried there, it was directly answered, because he was so much neerer to heauen. » #3515 Robert Coverte, ed. Boies Penrose, The travels of Captain Robert Coverte, Wm. F. Fell co., printers, for Mr. Boies Penrose, 1931 ~ p. 83
« But, in the course of my enquiries, I learned that there were formerly in these mountains a people called Nessereah, who, like those of the same name in Syria, paid divine honours to the pudenda muliebris, and held an annual feast not unlike the ancient myste-ries of Venus. ... They had lived long in the mountains in this state of independence, until a series of persecutions and gradual emigration had brought them to settle in the villages around. The greater part of these people are now at Kerrund, where they form the majority of the population, and are called both Nessereahs and Ali-Ullaheeahs, » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 63

R160-011 Harou-abad
R160-011 Harou-abad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Eslamabad , Eslamabad-e Gharb , Harunabad , Shahabad , Shahabad-e Gharb , اسلام آباد غرب ,
VARIANT names: Erounabad , Eslamabad , Eslamabad-e Gharb , Harnawar , Haroonabad , Harou-abad , Harounabad , Haroun-abad , Harunabad , Hisakavan , Jaqakawan , Shahabad-Gharb ,
SOURCE for Erounabad
« De Conaguy à Erounabad, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Eslamabad
« Haroon-abad, April 9th-four parasangs-seven hours. Aneasy road along the valley, varied occasionally by low wooded hills. This village is situated nearly at the rise of one of the sources of the river Kerah its population inhabit it only in the summer; in the winter they resort to the plain to escape the intense cold. About sixty houses and a caravanserai-shah constitute the village of Haroon-abad » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 23
SOURCE for Eslamabad-e Gharb
« A cuneiform text from Chogha Gavaneh in modern Eslāmābād-e Gharb (formerly Hārūnābād), c. 80 km east of Sar-e Pol-e Zohab, along the main (Khorasan) road, mentions the personal name Šu-Namar, » #3503 D. T. Potts, Elamite Karintas and Avestan Kvirinta: Notes on the Early History of Kerend, Iranian Studies, vol. 50:no. 3:pp. 345-367 ~ p. 347
SOURCE for Harnawar
January 25. We rose from Moydasht and lay at Harnawar.
SOURCE for Haroonabad
« Haroonabad » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 414
SOURCE for Harou-abad
« La villa più vicina che stava nella cima del più basso monticello, donde calava un grosso rivo di acqua, si chiamava Harou-abad, cioe colonia di Haron, benchè alcuni storpiando il nome dicano Harinava. [The nearest village, which stood on the top of the lowest hill, from which a large stream flowed, was called Harou-abad, that is, Haron's colony, although some distort the name and say Harinava.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 435
SOURCE for Harounabad
« We left Kirrind soon after midnight on the second day, and reached the village and khan of Harounabad an hour after sunrise . There were several encampments of Ilyats hard by. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 222
« We reached Harounabad in half an hour's ride, crossed a small bridge, and found our tents ready pitched on the opposite side, near the bank of a rapid stream . ... Harounabad is built on a gradual slope; the houses are very low, with flat connecting roofs, in successive lines one above the other : as the backs are level with the ground, the principal communication is in many places along the roofs, and we were frequently surprised in finding ourselves walking on the tops of inhabited dwellings, when we thought we were traversing the solid ground. This town, as its name implies, was formerly a residence of the famous Caliph Haroun, but we could not trace any remains of a palace fit to receive so magnificent a monarch. The town is small, » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 pp. 6-10
SOURCE for Haroun-abad
« Nous nous mimes en route le lendemain, et campames après fix heures de marche à Haroun-abad (1), gros. bourg; fn. 1 L'habitation d'Aton [We set out the next day, and camped after a seven-hour march at Haroun-abad (1), a large town fn. 1 The dwelling of Aton] »
#2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 178
« Descendus dans une plaine, nous passons un pont pour nous rendre à Haroun-Abad. Au-dessous, coule un ruisseau, qui arrose les cltamps des environs. Ge village, de trente feux seulement, est adossé à une colline, et borné de tous les côtés par des monts, dont le plus élevé, à l'E., s'appelle Karadagh (montagne noire). Il s'y trouve un grand caravansérail. [Having descended into a plain, we cross a bridge to reach Haroun-Abad. Below it flows a stream, which waters the surrounding fields. This village, of only thirty fires, is backed by a hill, and bordered on all sides by mountains, the highest of which, to the E., is called Karadagh (black mountain). There is a large caravanserai there.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 231
SOURCE for Harunabad
« The next march, to Harunabad (the place of Harun), was alternately over barren rocky ridges and small plains of fertile silt. Here was a good caravanserai, and I noticed a decided change in the features of the people. » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 442
« At 9 miles is Harūnābād, with ruined sarais and bāzār. The road throughout is passable to all arms. Harünābād is generally known among muleteers as Harūnāvā. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 152
« Hārūnābād 4 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
« A very large caravanserai and a village of sixty houses occupy the site of a town built by Harun-al-Raschid on the upper waters of the Kerkhah. It has the reputation of being one of the coldest places in Persia, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 94
SOURCE for Hisakavan
« to Kirmanshähän, thence 6 to Jakarmis, thence 5 to Hisäkävän village, thence 6 to the villages of Kirind fn. 2 Dih Hisäkävän, the next place, is not identical with any stage mentioned by the Arab Itineraries, and many variants are given, Khafärkän, Jäkävän, Hafākadan, Janākān, and Khiyārkavān. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
SOURCE for Jaqakawan
« Jaqākāwān 6 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Shahabad-Gharb
« Shahabad-Gharb (formerly known as Harunabad), is a small town about 70 km. from Kirmanshah, built right up against a mound surveyed by Stein » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 132

R160-012 Mahideset
R160-012 Mahideset : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mahidasht , Robat , Robat `Olya , Robat-e Mahi Dasht , Robat-e Mahidasht , رباط , رباط ماهیدشت , ماهیدشت ,
VARIANT names: Bahkars , Jakarmis , Maheedasht , Mahidasht , Mahidechet , Mahideset , Mahidesht , Maidacht , Maidasht , Maidest , Moydasht , Nawar River ,
SOURCE for Bahkars
« Bāḥkārs 5. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Jakarmis
« to Kirmanshähän, thence 6 to Jakarmis, thence 5 to Hisäkävän village, thence 6 to the villages of Kirind fn. 2 Dih Hisäkävän, the next place, is not identical with any stage mentioned by the Arab Itineraries, and many variants are given, Khafärkän, Jäkävän, Hafākadan, Janākān, and Khiyārkavān. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
SOURCE for Maheedasht
« Maheedasht » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 414
SOURCE for Mahidasht
« At last by a pointed brick bridge we crossed the 96little river of Mahidasht, and rode into the house of the headman, who is a sort of steward of Abdul Rahim, our future host, the owner of many villages on this plain. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 pp. 95-6
SOURCE for Mahidechet
« et le jour d'après en trois, à Mahidechet (1). Ce canton eſt un pays fort plat, et renfer me une cin-quantaine de villages. fn. 1 Mah ſigniſie en Persan, la Lune, et Dechet une plaine. [and the next day in three, to Mahidechet (1). This canton is a very flat country, and contains about fifty villages. fn. 1 Mah means in Persian, the Moon, and Dechet a plain.] »
SOURCE for Mahideset
« e non ostante la neve grandissima che avevamo sotto e sopra, facemmo una lunga giornata; passando un luogo dove sogliono posarsi le carovane, ed andando molto più in là a posarci presso un'acqua, vicino alla villa che chiamano Mahideset. [and despite the very heavy snow that we had under and above, we made a long day, passing a place where caravans usually stop, and going much further to stop near a water, near the village they call Mahideset.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 436
SOURCE for Mahidesht
« At ten o'clock we reached Mahidesht, situate in an extensive plain of an oval form, with numerous small villages scattered over it. The snow was still lying on the surrounding hills.Notwithstanding our dislike to a caravanserai, we were obliged to take up our quarters there, as well on account of the robbers, who were said to be very numerous, as that there was no encamping ground in the vicinity. We established ourselves over the gateway, the post of honour in these buildings. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 11
SOURCE for Maidacht
« D'Erounabad à Maidacht, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Maidasht
« On the other side of the stream is the village of Mäidasht, which possesses a large and massive sarai with accommodation for 250 men and horses. The village consists of some 60 huts. There is unlimited room for camping. The road is good and passable for all arms. Mäidasht is usually used by caravans as the only halting place between Harünābād and Kermanshah. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 154
« We spent the day in a deserted khan in a well-irrigated plain rich in herbage , called Maidasht , in which were numerous encampments of Lur Ilyats. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 224
SOURCE for Maidest
« Nous arrivons au caravansérail de Maïdest. A un quart de lieue, est le hameau qui lui donne son nom. Près de cet édifice coule un ruisseau que l'on passe sur un pont; les bords en étaient gelés. Le caravansérail est le lieu de repos des caravanes. Nous y fîmes prendre haleine à nos chevaux. [We arrive at the caravanserai of Maïdest. A quarter of a league away is the hamlet that gives it its name. Near this building flows a stream that we cross over a bridge; its banks were frozen. The caravanserai is the resting place for caravans. We let our horses breathe there.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 232
SOURCE for Moydasht
« January 22. and lodged at Moydasht: 6 hours riding.January 23 and 24.-We lay at Moydasht. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 216
SOURCE for Nawar River
« Nāwar River 3 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375

R160-012a Cara-su
R160-012a Cara-su : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.3619598369417 long 47.1015236858693 † basis (p) Supplement: Qarasu River (Kermanshah) رود قره?سو (کرمانشاه) VARIANT names: Cara-su , Kara-sou , Karkheh , Qarasu river , rud ghareh so (karmaneshah) , SOURCE for Cara-su « Il lunedì con mezza giornata sola, ma molto fastidiosa per la continua neve, vento e pioggia, andammo a posarci in una villa, che per essere fabbricata sopra un ponte, per lo quale si passa un piccolo fiume chiamato, come molti altri di levante, Cara-sú, cioè Nera acqua la chiamo in persiano Pul-i-sciah, cioè Ponte del re; ma i Turchi dicono Sciah-chiopresi, che è tutto uno. [On Monday, with only half a day to spare, but a very uncomfortable one due to the constant snow, wind, and rain, we went to rest in a villa. Because it is built on a bridge over a small river called, like many others in the east, Cara-sú, meaning Black Water, I call it in Persian Pul-i-sciah, meaning King's Bridge; but the Turks call it Sciah-chiopresi, which is all the same thing.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ p. 436 SOURCE for Kara-sou SOURCE for Karkheh SOURCE for Qarasu river Qarasu River (Kermanshah) [accessed 02 Jun 2025] SOURCE for rud ghareh so (karmaneshah)

R160-012b Pul-i-sciah
R160-012b Pul-i-sciah : place IRN (bridge) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.317082 long 47.134009 † basis (p) Supplement: 6 arches, brick, 196m long, 6-9m wide VARIANT names: Kara-sou river bridge , Karasu bridge , Kohneh Bridge , Pol-i Shah , Policha , Pol-i-Karasu , Pont , Poolesha , Puli Schiah , Pul-i-sciah , Qarasu Old Bridge , Sarpol Shah , SOURCE for Kara-sou river bridge « Nous avions à notre gauche le mont Bi-sutoun, qui forme un demi-cercle, et se dirige vers l'E. Après une heure de marche, on passe un pont de huit arches, sous lequel coule la rivière Kara-sou (1), qui, après avoir reçu les eaux de la Kerka, se perd dans le Tigre, à peu de distance de Hawizè. On nous a dit que le Kara-sou prenait sa source près de Sinèh, dans les montagnes du Curdistan, à huit journées de Kermân-Châh. fn. 1 Je crois que M. Olivier, dans son Voyage en Perse, tome 11, page 24, a été induit en erreur. Il dit que cette rivière provient des sources qui se trouvent au pied du monument de Takt-Rustèm. Mais si ce qu'il avance était vrai, le lit de cette rivière ne pourrait pas être ici aussi large qu'il l'est, puisqu'elle n'aurait par-couru qu'un petit espace depuis son origine. [After an hour's walk, we cross an eight-arched bridge, under which flows the Kara-su River (1), which, after receiving the waters of the Kerka, flows into the Tigris, a short distance from Hawizè. We were told that the Kara-su has its source near Sinèh, in the mountains of Curdistan, eight days' journey from Kermân-Châh.fn. 1 I believe that Mr. Olivier, in his Voyage en Perse, volume 11, page 24, was misled. He says that this river originates from the springs located at the foot of the Takt-Rustèm monument. But if what he claims were true, the bed of this river could not be as wide here as it is, since it would have covered only a small area from its source.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol.1 pp. 248-9 SOURCE for Karasu bridge « Antes de llegar á Kermanshah atravesé el rio Carasú (negra agua, en turco), por un puente de regular construccion, en el que pidieron al guía pagase el derecho establecido; pero se negó, ale-gando estar al servicio de un europeo. Existen en Persia los portazgos y pontazgos, que el Gobierno arrienda; pero el precio varía segun la olase ó cali-dad de los transeuntes; á un judío llevan más caro que á un armenio ó á un guebro, yá éstos más que á los persas. [Before reaching Kermanshah, I crossed the Karasu River (black water, in Turkish) by a bridge of mediocre construction, where they asked the guide to pay the established toll; but he refused, claiming to be in the service of a European. In Persia, there are tolls and bridge tolls, which the government leases; but the price varies according to the status or quality of the travelers; a Jew is charged more than an Armenian or a Jew, and these in turn more than Persians.] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 106 SOURCE for Kohneh Bridge SOURCE for Pol-i Shah « bridge symbol » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. I-38L Kermanshah} « Ensuite, celle-ci rejoint la route principale, qui est aussi la route actuelle, à Shahraban, on atteint, par Khanaqin, Qasr-i Shirin et Zuhab, la ville de Kermanshah, dernière place forte ottomane aux mains d'un seigneur kurde. La frontière passe à l'époque par le Qareh Su, qu'on traverse sur le pont dit Pol-i Shah, et on continue à suivre la route actuelle par Bisutun, Kangavar, Asadabad et Hamadan jusqu'à Qazvin. [Next, this road joins the main route, which is also the current road, at Shahraban. From there, via Khanaqin, Qasr-i Shirin, and Zuhab, one reaches the city of Kermanshah, the last Ottoman stronghold held by a Kurdish lord. At that time, the border ran through Qareh Su, which was crossed via the bridge known as Pol-i Shah, and the route continues along the current road through Bisutun, Kangavar, Asadabad, and Hamadan to Qazvin.] » #3620 Stefanos Yerasimos, Les voyageurs dans l'Empire Ottoman (XIV - XVI siecles). Bibliographie, itineraires et inventaire des lieux habites., Imprimerie De La Sociêtê Turquie D'histoire,, Ankara, 1991 ~ p. 80 « Pol-i-Karasu or Pol-i-Shah - This bridge consists of 6 arches and is very strongly built and kept in good condition. The whole structure is of burnt bricks. It was built by a certain Sheikh Ali Khan, once Prime Minister under one of the Saffavi Monarchs and an ancestor of the present Zahir-ul-Mulk. The bridge is on the highway between Kermanshah and Bisutun at 1 farsakh from the former and five from the latter. Close by are the ruins of a caravanserai built by the same Sheikh Ali Khan, as whakf for pilgrims. The Pol-i-Karasu furnishes in winter the only passage over the Karasu for many miles. » #3633 Gazetteer of Kermanshah., British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/19, in Qatar Digital Library, 1907 ~ p. 285 SOURCE for Policha « De Sahana à Policha, c'eſt à dire Pont Royal, où il y a un grand pont de pierre. [From Sahana to Policha, i.e. Bridge Royal, where there is a large stone bridge. ] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 284 SOURCE for Pol-i-Karasu « Pol-i-Karasu or Pol-i-Shah - This bridge consists of 6 arches and is very strongly built and kept in good condition. The whole structure is of burnt bricks. It was built by a certain Sheikh Ali Khan, once Prime Minister under one of the Saffavi Monarchs and an ancestor of the present Zahir-ul-Mulk. The bridge is on the highway between Kermanshah and Bisutun at 1 farsakh from the former and five from the latter. Close by are the ruins of a caravanserai built by the same Sheikh Ali Khan, as whakf for pilgrims. The Pol-i-Karasu furnishes in winter the only passage over the Karasu for many miles. » #3633 Gazetteer of Kermanshah., British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/19, in Qatar Digital Library, 1907 ~ p. 285 SOURCE for Pont « Pont » in {map#1419 in #3639 Eugène Flandin, Pascal Coste, Voyage en Perse de mm. Euge`ne Flandin, peintre, et Pascal Coste, architecte, entrepris par ordre de m. le ministre des affaires e´trange`res, d'apre`s les instructions dresse´es par l'Institut. Publie´ sous les auspices de m. le ministre de l'inte´rieur, Gide et J. Baudry, Paris, 1851-[54] ~ fig. Tak-i Bostan. Plan général de la plaine de Kirmanschah [Kirma¯nsha¯h].} SOURCE for Poolesha « January 22. We rose (with much joy) from Poolesha (near Kermansha) and lodged at Moydasht: 6 hours riding. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 215 SOURCE for Puli Schiah « Puli Schiah » in {map#1410 in #3247 Chatelain, Atlas historique, Tome V et VI, Chez L' Honore et Chatelain Libraires, 1719 ~ fig. Tome V. No. 13. Page 29. Carte de L'Empire des Turcs en Asie et en Afrique} SOURCE for Pul-i-sciah « Il lunedì con mezza giornata sola, ma molto fastidiosa per la continua neve, vento e pioggia, andammo a posarci in una villa, che per essere fabbricata sopra un ponte, per lo quale si passa un piccolo fiume chiamato, come molti altri di levante, Cara-sú, cioè Nera acqua la chiamo in persiano Pul-i-sciah, cioè Ponte del re; ma i Turchi dicono Sciah-chiopresi, che è tutto uno. [On Monday, with only half a day to spare, but a very uncomfortable one due to the constant snow, wind, and rain, we went to rest in a villa. Because it is built on a bridge over a small river called, like many others in the east, Cara-sú, meaning Black Water, I call it in Persian Pul-i-sciah, meaning King's Bridge; but the Turks call it Sciah-chiopresi, which is all the same thing.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ p. 436 SOURCE for Qarasu Old Bridge Category:Qarasu Old Bridge (Kermanshah) [accessed 10 Sep 2025] SOURCE for Sarpol Shah « Sarpol Shah » #3622 Heinz Luschey, XXXIII. Orte in der Nachbarschaft von Bisutun, in: eds. W. Kleiss and P. Calmeyer, Bisutun : Ausgrabungen und Forschungen in den Jahren 1963 - 1967 Teheraner Forschungen ; Bd. 7, Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin, 1996, pp. 261-264 ~ Abb. 1 Lageskizze der erwähnten Orte p. 261

R160-013 Scehr-neu
R160-013 Scehr-neu : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.384453 long 47.434977 † basis (p) VARIANT names: beautiful caravanserai , Bisotun caravanserai , Das Safavidische Karavanserail , large caravanserai , Scehr-neu , SOURCE for beautiful caravanserai « L'onziéme nous loger-mes dans un beau Caravanſeraid qui eſt au pied d'une montagne, où je vis quantité d'inſcriptions fur des tombeaux. On juge par les ruines qu'il y a eu là une grande Ville. Il y reste encore une grande porte bâtie de fort groſſes pierres de taille contre lefquelles on voit des figures toutes armées. [On the eleventh, we lodged in a beautiful caravanserai at the foot of a mountain, where I saw many inscriptions on tombs. The ruins suggest that a large city once stood there. A large gate, built of very large hewn stones, still remains, against which armed figures are depicted.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 131 SOURCE for Bisotun caravanserai «1668-032 Bisotūn Iran (Islamic Republic of) N34 23 04.32 E47 26 05.76 0.81 ha 35.36 ha» [accessed 10 Jan 2026] SOURCE for Das Safavidische Karavanserail « Die Karavanserails von Bisutun (Abb. 121 und 137) (101)Im Bereich von Bisutun sind folgende Anlagen an der alten Karawanenstraße zu unterscheiden:1. Ein Erdwall-Qal'eh südlich des safavidischen Karavanse rails, Alter unbestimmbar (102).2. Ein Bruchstein-Kastell neben der safavidischen Brücke Größe 95 × 79 m, mit Türmen und 2,50 m Mauerstärke, auf gehendes Mauerwerk aus Lehmmaterial. Wahrscheinlich vorsafavidisch (103).3. Das Alte Karavanserail.4. Das Safavidische Karavanserail.Das Alte Karavanserail (Taf. 12.3.4)Lage: Im Bereich des Dorfes Bisutun, unterhalb der großen, unvollendeten Felsabarbeitung.Typ: Aus einer frühislamischen Straßenstation durch Einbauten im 12.-13. Jahrhundert entwickeltes Hofkaravan- fn. 101 Das Alte Karavanserail siehe W. Kleiss/H. Luschey et al. Bisutun... (im Druck). Das Safavidische Karavanserail: AMIN. F. 3, 1970, 289 ff. fn. 102 AMI 21, 1989, 24.fn. 103 Ebenda 25. [The Caravanserai of Bisutun (Figs. 121 and 137) (101)In the area of ??Bisutun, the following structures can be distinguished along the old caravan route:1. An earthwork qal'eh south of the Safavid caravanserai, of undetermined age (102).2. A rubblestone fort next to the Safavid bridge, measuring 95 × 79 m, with towers and 2.50 m thick walls, with standing masonry made of clay material. Probably pre-Safavid (103).3. The Old Caravanserai.4. The Safavid Caravanserai.The Old Caravanserai (Plate 12.3.4)Location: In the area of ??the village of Bisutun, below the large, unfinished rock carving.Type: Court caravan developed from an early Islamic road station through additions in the 12th-13th centuries. 101 For the Old Caravanserai, see W. Kleiss/H. Luschey et al. Bisutun... (in press). The Safavid Caravanserai: AMIN. F. 3, 1970, 289 ff. fn. 102 AMI 21, 1989, 24.fn. 103 Ibid. 25.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ pp. 83-86 Nous arrivâmes à dix heures du soir dans un vaste caravansé-rail, près d'un chétif hameau, à peu de dis-tance du mont Bi-sutoun, dont il prend le nom. Un ruisseau qui a sa source au pied de la montagne, baigne à l'E. les murs de ce ca-ravansérail, et va fertiliser la plaine. [We arrived at ten o'clock in the evening at a vast caravanserai, near a small hamlet, a short distance from Mount Bi-sutoun, from which it takes its name. A stream which has its source at the foot of the mountain, bathes the walls of this caravanserai to the east, and goes to fertilize the plain.] SOURCE for large caravanserai « Dà queſto luogo proſeguendo il viaggio in lontananza di quattr' ore, ritrovali a piedi del monte un fuperbo Caravanserai, capace di dar alloggio a due mila Cavalli, ed altrettante perſone, e quando pallai, eraſi fatto riaggiuſtar da Kulikam; [From this place, continuing the journey for four hours, he found at the foot of the mountain a large caravanserai, capable of giving accommodation to two thousand horses and as many people, and when he arrived, he had been readjusted by Kulikam.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 20 SOURCE for Scehr-neu « Speravamo riposar la notte in un grande alloggiamento pubblico di quelli che non più chan come in Arabia, ma si chiamano in questi paesi, come anche in Turchia, chieruan-serai, cioè palazzo o casa di carovana, ed è fabbricato nel fin della giornata insieme con certe altre poche case fatte di nuovo a piè di un'altissima montagna, e sopra il chieruan-serai tanto ripida, che par quasi tagliata a posta perpendicolare come muro. Chiamano il luogo in persiano Scehr-neu, cioè Città nuova, perchè di poco si è cominciata a fabbricare: ma noi restammo ingannati del riposo che vi speravamo, perchè veniva appunto da Ispahan una gros-sissima carovana di più di duemila e settecento camelli, la quale benchè andasse spartita in diverse ville, era nondimeno parte di essa (che in Scehr-neu trovammo alloggiata) con tanta gente; che non solo noi che venimmo da poi, ma gran parte anche di loro non avevano luogo nel chieruan-serai, e stavano attendati di fuori. [We hoped to rest the night in a large public lodging of the kind no longer known as chan as in Arabia, but called in these countries, as in Turkey, chieruan-serai, that is, palace or caravan house, and which was built at the end of the day, together with a few other newly constructed houses, at the foot of a very high mountain, and above the chieruan-serai so steep that it almost seems to have been cut perpendicularly like a wall. They call the place in Persian Scehr-neu, meaning New City, because construction has only recently begun. But we were deceived in the rest we hoped for, for a very large caravan of more than two thousand seven hundred camels was coming from Ispahan, which, although it was divided among several villages, was nevertheless part of it (which we found lodged in Scehr-neu) with so many people. that not only we who came from later, but also a large part of them had no place in the chieruan-serai, and were camped outside.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 pp. 437-8

R160-014 Sehenè or Sahanè
R160-014 Sehenè or Sahanè : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sahna , Sahneh , Sehneh , صحنه ,
VARIANT names: Saana , Sahana , Sahanah , Sahane , Sahannah or Sanna , Sahna , Sahnah , Sahne , Sahneh , Sanah , Sanna , Sannah , Sehenè or Sahanè , Sehneh , Sihna ,
SOURCE for Saana
« It was about noon when we reached Saana, a large village seated among gardens, on the slope of a hill and having good water before it in the plain. Tbe great public khans, or caravanserai. are now discontinued, that of Bisitoon being the last to tbe eastward; so that passengers are obliged to seek for shelter among the villagers, or sleep in the open air. We halted here about half an hour, chiefly to learn the practicability of reaching a more advanced station of halt before night; » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 147
SOURCE for Sahana
« January 7. We rose from Kengauar and lay at Sahana: 7 houres riding. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 215
« De Maidacht à Sahana, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Sahanah
« September 21. -At four o'clock this morning, (our usual hour, ) we started from Sanna, or Sahanah, » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 145
« We started for Sahanah, a distance of six-teen miles, at eight o'clock in the evening. A quarter of a mile from Be-sitoon, on our left hand, we saw, by the light of the moon, some mounds which we were told had been a field-fortification thrown up by Nadir Shah: » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 80
SOURCE for Sahane
« Presque au fond se trouve Sahanè, où nous arrivâmes à deux heures après-midi. C'est un bourg planté de vignes et d'arbres fruitiers.On y perçoit un droit de capitation, qui est de trois riales pour les Arméniens ou Juifs, et d'un carapoul pour les Musulmans. Les marchandises y payent aussi un droit de péa-ges, [Almost at the bottom is Sahane, where we arrived at two o'clock in the afternoon. It is a village planted with vineyards and fruit trees.A poll tax is collected there, which is three rials for Armenians or Jews, and one carapoul for Muslims. Goods also pay a toll.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol.1 p. 252
SOURCE for Sahannah or Sanna
« At last we reached the village of Sahannah , or Sanna, where we spent the day . It was July 8 -just one year since I had left England on my adventurous journey. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 243
SOURCE for Sahna
« village of Ṣaḥna (and?) fortress of Bakhtigān, also called Mt. Lanqāwar (and?) village of Jamjāl 3—it is opposite the city of Noah » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ p. 375
« Sahna » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 413
SOURCE for Sahnah
« in 5 leagues to Sahnah village, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 161
SOURCE for Sahne
« Le jour ſuivant nous fimes fix heu res de chemin, et campames à Sahnè gros bourg. [The following day we traveled for several hours and camped at Sahnè, a large town.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 188
SOURCE for Sahneh
« There is good and ample camping space on the bank of the stream N. E. of Sähneh. Sähneh is a small but flourishing village, situated in a well-watered and cultivated valley, among gardens and plantations, at the foot of a range of precipitous hills, in which are some ancient caves and sculptures. Sähnch is remarkable for its walnut and mulberry trees. Water is plentiful. Potatoes are grown here. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 157
SOURCE for Sanah
« Por camino montañoso, completamente desierto, pero ancho casi siempre, fuí á Sanah. [By a mountainous road, completely deserted but almost always wide, I went to Sanah. ] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 83
SOURCE for Sanna
« Sanna was our menzil, four farsangs from Kangavar. This village was small , and in every way of humbler pretensions than our last quarters ; » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 145
SOURCE for Sannah
« This village of Sannah lies at an altitude of about 5500 feet, among poplar plantations and beautiful gardens, in which fine walnut trees are conspicuous. Though partly ruinous it is a flourishing little place, its lands being abundantly watered by streams which run into the Gamasiab. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 125
SOURCE for Sehenè or Sahanè
« Tornando dunque al mio proposito, dico che il mercoledi mat-tina partimmo da Scehr-neu, e con non dissimil giornata, ma un poco migliore, perchè non avevamo neve dal cielo, benchè ve ne fosse molta in terra, andammo ad alloggiar la sera a Sehenè o Sahanè, terra grossa abitata e da Curdi e da Persiani. [Returning then to my subject, I say that on Wednesday morning we left Scehr-neu, and with a not dissimilar day, but a little better, because we had no snow from the sky, although there was a lot of it on the ground, we went to lodge in the evening at Sehenè or Sahanè, a large land inhabited by both Kurds and Persians.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 pp. 439-440
SOURCE for Sehneh
SOURCE for Sihna
« Nizām al-Mulk was assassinated on 10 Ramadan 5/14 October 1092 near Sihna, between Kanguwar and Bisutun, as the court was on its way from Isfahan to Baghdad. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 8 p. 72

R160-015 Chienghicuer
R160-015 Chienghicuer : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLA2 UFI: 15360297 coordinate: lat 34.50195101 long 47.96660413
NIMA/GNS names: Kangavar , کنگاور ,
VARIANT names: Chienghicuer , Concobar , Concovar , Jeniara , Kandavar , Kangavar , Kangawar , Kangowar , Kangur , Kanguvar , Kengauar , Kengavar , Kengawar , Kienghevar , Kingawar , Konkobar , Kungavar , Quingavar ,
SOURCE for Chienghicuer
« Il venerdì al 20 di gennaio andammo ad allog-giare in un' altra grossa terra chiamata Chienghicuer; e già cominciai a conoscere il vantaggio grande che tiene il paese della Persia a quel della Turchia, di bontà, di popolazione, di coltura e d'ogni altra circostanza; [On Friday the 20th of January we went to lodge in another large town called Chienghicuer; and I already began to perceive the great advantage that the country of Persia has over that of Turkey, in kindness, population, culture and every other circumstance;] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 440
SOURCE for Concobar
« C2 [Kangavar]/ConcobarHRL Kangavar RE Κογκοβ?ρ; cf. RE Bagistana;Azarnoush 1981, 82-94 » #846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000, ~ p. 1318
SOURCE for Concovar
« We commenced our march to Concovar, another sixteen mile stage, at half-past three in the afternoon ; » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 80
SOURCE for Jeniara
« On paſſe par la Ville de Jeniara fort grande, mais fort pleine de ruines, et P'on trouve aprés pluſieurs Villages. [We pass through the City of Jeniara, very large, but very full of ruins, and afterwards we find several villages.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 131
SOURCE for Kandavar
« We reached the vale in six hours, having travelled as many farsangs from Sahadabad; and this place was to be our menzil.Kandavar, the ancient Κογκαβάρ, reduced to a village, maintains something of prolonged existence, by preserving a name so near in sound to its venerable appellation of antiquity, and shewing a few human habitations, still mingling with the ruins of the past. The village consists of about three hundred houses, most of which occupy the lofty eminence, so long celebrated as having been the site of a superb temple of Diana. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 140
SOURCE for Kangavar
SOURCE for Kangawar
« The road to Kangawar lies through a broad valley, which has many streams. Among the mountains which encompass it are the Kuh-i-Hassan, Boka, the Kuh-i-Paran, and the Kuh-i-Bozah. ... Seeing a caravan of asses approaching, I rode on as fast as I could to the well-situated little town of Kangawar, expecting him to follow shortly. At present the entrance into Kangawar is up the bed of a stream. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 pp. 129-130
SOURCE for Kangowar
« Early next morning we arrived at Kangowar, a large town situated on a hill- side . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 243
SOURCE for Kangur
« Kaylūr 7 [Kangūr 75] parasangs » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Kanguvar
« Then from Kanguvar it is 5 leagues to Bidastan » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 166
SOURCE for Kengauar
January 6.-My Nephew Hedges and I rose from Farespa (leaving Mr. Dowglasse and my Cousin Letter with y Camels) and lay at Kengauar (1). fn. 1 We have now got into the direct route from Hamadan to Bagh-dad, and it is more easily followed. This is Kangavar (Kongaver, etc.), a place of old note, the Κογκοβ?ρ of Isidore of Charax. The next stage is Sahāna, and then Bisutün (Bihistün, Baghistan, "the place of gardens", Βαγίστανον οι Βαγίστανη of the Greeks), the site of the famous spring, and of the rock-inscriptions in cuneiform, with which the name of Rawlinson is for ever associated. The next stage is the well-known city Kirmanshah. Then Pul-i-Shah ("King's Bridge"), Mah-i-dasht, Härünābād.-Y.
SOURCE for Kengavar
« De Sahana à Kengavar, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Kengawar
« lt was about an hour from hence, and past sunset, when we reached Kengawar, having been nearly twelve hours on the road; our course being about east by north, and the distance forty miles. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Kienghevar
« Au fond est, sur une petite éminence, un grand village, où nous arrivons à deux heures. Cet endroit, appelé Kienghevar, que l'on croit être l'ancienne Konkobar, semble, en effet, avoir été une ville de quelque étendue. [In the background, on a small rise, is a large village, which we arrive at at two o'clock. This place, called Kienghevar, which is believed to be the ancient Konkobar, seems, in fact, to have been a town of some size.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 254
SOURCE for Kingawar
« Kingāwar 5—it is somewhat ruined » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ p. 375
SOURCE for Konkobar
« Kangavar is a place of genuine antiquity; it was known, under the name of Konkobar, to the Greek geographer Isidor of Charax in the first century of our era; (3)
fn. 3 The first scholar to identify Kanga-var with Concobar, I believe, was D'Anville, Compendium of Ancient Geography, pt. 2, p. 460, London, 1791. Since that time much has been written about the site; see Rawlinson, JRGS. 9. 112; Buckingham, Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, pp. 150-154, London, 1829; Masson, Illus-trations of Isidorus of Charax, in JRAS. 12 (1850), pp. 97-124; Ker Porter, Travels, 2. 139-144; Texier, Description de l'Arménie, la Perse, etc., 1. 160 seq., pls. 62-64; Flandin and Coste, Voyage en Perse, Ancienne, 1. pls. 20-23, Moderne, pls. 72-74, Texte, pp. 11-14; Dieulafoy, L'Art Antique de la Perse, pt. 5, pp. 7-8, 11, 207; Curzon, Persia, 1. 51, n. 1; Mar-quart, Erānšahr, p. 24; and E. A. Floyer, Unexplored Baluchistan, pp. 424-425, London, 1882. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 237
SOURCE for Kungavar
« Kungavar » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 413
SOURCE for Quingavar
« como de una legua, de formacion caliza y yesosa, que cierran áridas montañas, detras de las cuales se halla Quingavar, poblacion de seis mil almas, y donde existen ruinas al parecer de un gran templo. Difícil es clasificar el estilo á que pertenecen, no por los embates del tiempo, sino por lo incompleto del trabajo; los capiteles, las cornisas, los bása-mentos, si bien pueden parecer de órden dóricd, sólo están trazados á grandes rasgos, [about a league away, of limestone and gypsum formation, enclosing arid mountains, behind which lies Quingavar, a town of six thousand souls, and where there are ruins apparently of a great temple. It is difficult to classify the style to which they belong, not because of the ravages of time, but because of the incompleteness of the work; the capitals, the cornices, the bases, although they may seem of the Doric order, are only roughly sketched,] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 82

R160-016 Saad-abad
R160-016 Saad-abad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Asadabad , اسد آباد ,
VARIANT names: Asadabad , Saad-abad , Sahadabad ,
SOURCE for Asadabad
« one enters Kurdistan. It is then six parasangs to Asadābād via the pass over Mt. Arwāna. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
« §40. As Asadābād is 23 miles distant from Kangavar, the Kitchen, according to Abu-Dulaf's painstaking indication of the distances, should be places at the present-day Mindarabad (which was identified with Madharan only in view of the misleading assonance of the names). The Kitchen may correspond to I. Rusta's Ayuan al-sanj "the portico of the cymbal". Shah-mardän was the first-born son of Shirin, see the Syrian chronicle of the last Sasanians, ed. by Guidi, §5, and the Shah-nama, Tehran 1314, p. 2939. He was one of the victims of his half-brother Shiroya when the latter ascended the throne.Asadabad, which the road left sometimes to its left (I. Rusta), is the well-known borough to the west of the easiest pass in Mt. Alvand. It is probably identical with I. Khordadhbih's Khundadh (Khunwadh, i.e. Onoadas of Tabula Peutingeriana, as suggested by Herzfeld). » #3541 Ibn Muhalhil, Vladimir Minorsky, Abu¯-Dulaf Mis?ar ibn Muhalhil's Travels in Iran, Cairo University Press, Cairo, 1955 ~ p. 96
SOURCE for Saad-abad
« una gran giornata, levandoci quasi a mezza notte; e dopo aver passato diverse altre ville, andammo ad alloggiare in una grossa che chiamano Saad-abad, cioè colonia di Saad, che è un nome proprio. [nd after passing several other villas, we went to lodge in a large one which they call Saad-abad, that is, Saad's colony, which is a proper name.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 441
SOURCE for Sahadabad
« Descending into the vale , we reached the castellated and fine village of Sahadabad , about half-past eleven in the forenoon ; having marched eight hours over a space of six arduous farsangs from Hamadan. The village stands at the base of the hills that form the western skirt of Elwund, in the north - east quarter of the plain » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 139

R160-017 Zaga or Zagan
R160-017 Zaga or Zagan : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Zagha , Zagheh , زاغ , زاغه , زاغه ,
VARIANT names: Daraqan , Zaga or Zagan , Zagheh ,
SOURCE for Daraqan
« Dāraqan V C3 # Zaghe à l'Est de Hurrāmābād. Iran.Deuxième étape après Karag sur la route de Sābūrhuwāst.H 358; Muq 401.LS 289; Schw. 670, 923. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 40
SOURCE for Zaga or Zagan
« Passammo poi più di una villa, e verso il tardi andammo ad alloggiare in una che chiamano Zaga o Zagan; [We then passed more than one villa, and towards late we went to lodge in one they call Zaga or Zagan;] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 441
SOURCE for Zagheh
« hence a slight descent over a rocky surface to the camping ground, which is situated on the slopes overlooking Zagach, and is high and open, but rather stony. Zägheh, which lies to the S. of the road, is a small walled village surrounded byrich cultivation, with a good caravanserai. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 159

R160-018 Hamadan
NIMA/GNS names: Ecbatana , Hamadan , Hamedan , همدان ,
VARIANT names: Agbatana , Amadam , Ecbatana , Ekbatana , Hagmatana , Hamadan , Hamadhan , Suſa di Aſſuero ,
SOURCE for Agbatana
« HAMADHAN (HAMADAN), city in central Iranlocated in a fertile plain just south of Mt. Alwand, 48° 31' E. (Greenw.), 34° 48' N., altitude ca. 1800 metres/5900 ft.Hamadhan is a very old city. Whether the name is first mentioned in cuneiform sources dating about 1100 B.C., telling of the conquests of Tiglatpileser I, is uncertain but unlikely. Herodotus (I, 98) says that the Median king Deiokes in the seventh century B.C. built the city called Agbatana, or Ekbatana according to other Classical authors. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 3 p. 105
SOURCE for Amadam
« e la mat-tina di buon' ora partiſſimo camminando, nella neve che all'altezza di quattro palmi era caduta in quella notte,che biſognò calpeſtare fino ad Amadan, dove giungemmo all' ore venti una, ed entrati in caſa, la trovammo, che non eravi luogo, da poterſi riparare dal freddo, perche ci erano ſtari tolti i legni delle porte, e finestre. [and early in the morning we set out, walking through the snow that had fallen to a depth of four palms that night, which we had to trample down to Amadan, where we arrived at twenty-one o'clock, and when we entered the house, we found that there was no place to shelter from the cold, because the wood of the doors and windows had been taken away.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 23
« Arrivai finalmente a dì 24. Gennaro in Amadan [I finally arrived on the 24th. January in Amadan] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 192
« Ainſi nous partîmes enſemble d'Hifpahan le 5. de Juillet 1701. pour Amadam avec une petite Caravane qui y alloit. Aprés voir paffe par pluſieurs Villes et Villages qu'il feroit empuyéux de nommer, nous y arrivâmes le dix-neuvième du même mois. [Thus we departed together from Hifpahan on July 5th, 1701, for Amadam with a small caravan that was going there. After passing through several towns and villages that it would be difficult to name, we arrived there on the nineteenth of the same month.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 126
SOURCE for Ecbatana
owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Ecbatana, 48.583, 34.767, IR, nkn, approx, 59, tmcIRa0100_049a »
some descrepancy on co-ordinates
« ECBATANA, cidade de - Nome antigo da cidade persa de Hamadan, en 34° 49' lat. N. e 48° 27' long. E., a sudoeste de Teerão. Diogo do Couto, poré (X, VI, 12.°), propende para a identificação com Tabriz. [ECBATANA, city of - Ancient name of the Persian city of Hamadan, in 34° 49' lat. N. and 48° 27' long. E., southwest of Tehran. Diogo do Couto, however (X, VI, 12th), tends to identify it with Tabriz.] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. D-N p. 33
« When it lost the name of Ecbatana in that of Hamadan , it seems to have lost all its honours too » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 101
SOURCE for Ekbatana
SOURCE for Hagmatana
« As you approach Hamadan itself, one of the most elevated of all Iranian cities, delightfully cool in summer, very cold in winter, you see the impressive snow-capped Mount Alvand (3,570 m.) overshadowing the famous Median capital, ancient Hagmatana ('The Place of Assembly'), known to the Greeks as Ecbatana, the site of which is now covered by modern Hamadan. » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 109
SOURCE for Hamadan
« Hamadan is a large town (population 50,000), traversed by tortuous, bumpy and narrow streets. There are big bāzārs, a carpet factory, post and telegraph office and British and Russian banks. There is much dense wood in the vicinity of the town; also rich cultivation, as it lies at the edge of a fertile plain. The main industry is leather manufacture, the tanneries being the best in Persia. The water supply is excellent and fuel is fairly plentiful. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 161
« Arrivés à quatre heures du soir à Hamadân, nous descendîmes chez un Arménien, Rustèm-Khân, fils et délégué du gouverneur de cette province, Méhémet-Husséin-Khân, était absent. [Arriving at four o'clock in the evening in Hamadan, we stayed at the house of an Armenian, Rustem Khan, son and delegate of the governor of this province, Mehemet Hussein Khan, who was absent.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 258
« Hamadan is a large and important place situated at the eastern extremity of an extensive and thickly peopled plain . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 252
« We were on horseback this morning at six o'clock ; having little more than a farsang to ride before we should reach the ancient city of the Medes. I had dispatched my Ispahan mehmandar some time before dawn , to apprise the vizier of Hamadan of my approach » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 pp. 90-1
« fn. 5 According to Istakhri, p. 197, the distance from Gondēshäpür to al-Lûr was four farsakhs, then thirty farsakhs to Shābür Khäst (no trace of a town or settlement), twenty-two farsakhs from the latter to Nihawand, which lies fourteen farsakhs from Hamadan. (For the town of Shapürkh(w)äst, see Le Strange, The Lands, pp. 201 ff.; Hudüd al-'alam, tr. Minorsky, p. 383.)) »
#2871 W. Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1984, ~ fn. 5 p. 180
« Two miles from Hamadan, we passed a considerable stream of water, by a neat stone bridge. Near it were many marble tombstones, elegantly sculptured in flowers and inscriptions in the Cufic and Arabic characters. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 92
« The whole distance of our journey from Sadawah to Hamadan was about eight hours, and our course on the whole about east-south-east. On entering this town, we passed through a burying-ground, of which the tombs were of an unusual kind; some of these were like stone chests, or sarcophagi, of the common size of the human form, closely covered on the top » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 160
« The view of Hamadan from this height, overlooking the plain of many colors, repaid me for the ascent, if nothing else did, for it presented the distant city to me in still another light. The Musallah, once crowned with walls, stood out clear to the view, but looked barren and desolate. Fine gardens, which afford a delightful resort for an afternoon in the suburbs, especially in the vicinity of the Armenian village of Sheverin, border the town. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 174
e'l giorno seguente, a mezzodi, arri-vammo alla città di Hamadan, fin dove andava la nostra caro-vana, e fin dove avevamo coi mulattieri noleggiato. [and the next day, at midday, we arrived at the city of Hamadan, as far as our caravan was going, and as far as we had hired the muleteers.]
Fueron bastante penosas las cuatro últimas jornadas de Nubaran á Hamadan; [The last four days from Nubaran to Hamadan were quite arduous;]
SOURCE for Hamadhan
SOURCE for Suſa di Aſſuero
« La Città di Amadan, o fia l'antica Suſa di Aſſuero, è Città Regia della Perfia, fituata in una valta pianura, formata in ordine di Teatro, fiancheggiata in diſtanza di un ora da altiffimi monti, ed il principale, che da Levante, Mezzo Giorno, e Ponente le fa corona, è il monte denominato l' Alvent, il qua-le nelle fue estremità, ricoperto ſempre fi vede di nevi. [The City of Amadan, or the ancient Susa of Aſſuero, is a Royal City of Persia, located in a valley-plain, formed in the order of a theatre, flanked at a distance of an hour by very high mountains, and the main one, which crowns it from the east, south, and west, is the mountain called Alvent, which at its extremities is always covered with snow.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 24

R160-019 Gaursin
R160-019 Gaursin : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.79378 long 48.581408 † basis (a)
VARIANT names: Gaursin ,
SOURCE for Gaursin
« Partii da Hama-dan il venerdì a' tre di febbraio verso il tardi, essendosi consu-mato quasi tutto 'l giorno in imbagagliare e pesar la roba (per-chè il porto si paga a peso) e contentandomi di aver solo dato lu inossa, con poco più d'un'ora di cammino, andai ad alloggiare in una villa che ha nome Gaursin, cioè luogo d'infedeli; estelli la notte nelle stanze comportabili di un chiervan-serai, che vi è molto grande e capace. [I left Hamadan late on Friday, February 3rd, having spent almost the whole day packing and weighing my belongings (for the freight is paid by weight), and content with having only given up the bones, after a little more than an hour's journey, I went to lodge in a villa called Gaursin, meaning a place of infidels; I spent the night in the comfortable rooms of a chiervan-serai, which is very large and spacious.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 448

R160-020 Nisciar
R160-020 Nisciar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Nashar , Neshar , Nishar , Noh Shahreh , نشر ,
VARIANT names: Neshar , Nisciar ,
SOURCE for Neshar
SOURCE for Nisciar
« Il sabbato a sera alloggiai pur nel chiervan-serai d'una piccola e povera villa chiamata Nisciar. [On Saturday evenings we also stayed in the caravan-serai of a small, poor villa called Nisciar.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 448

R160-021 Diz-abad
R160-021 Diz-abad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Dizabad , ديز آباد ,
VARIANT names: Deezabad , Dizabad , Diz-abad ,
SOURCE for Deezabad
« December 30. We rose from Saroo and lay at Deezabad: 5 hours riding. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 214
SOURCE for Dizabad
« Dizābād contains 200 houses but no decent accommode tion; water is supplied by a canal from the river. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 239
SOURCE for Diz-abad
Il nome della terra è mal pronunziato da loro Dizavà, ma si scrive Diz-abad, cioè colonia di Diz. [The name of the land is badly pronounced by them Dizavà, but it is written Diz-abad, that is, colony of Diz.]

R160-022 Saru : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Qal`eh-ye Bala , Qal`eh-ye Bala Saruq , Qal`eh-ye Saruq , Saruq , Surakh , ساروق , قلعه بالا , قلعه ساروق ,
VARIANT names: Saroo , Saru , Saruk , Saruq , Surakh ,
SOURCE for Saroo
« December 27. We rose from [ ] and lay at Saroo: 5 hours. December 28 and 29.-We lay still at Saroo, upon a hill, at a good Caravansarai: y weather exceeding cold. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 214
SOURCE for Saru
« Il lunedì alloggiai in Sarù, terra grossa, e pur in case particolari. Trovai in questo luogo, come in altre ville di Persia, le porte delle case piccole, ma di inarmo, tutte d'un pezzo [On Monday I stayed in Sarù, a large town, and yet in private houses. I found here, as in other Persian villas, the doors of the houses small, but unarmed, all of a single piece.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 448
SOURCE for Saruk
« Saruk has some poplars, and is surrounded by a ruinous mud wall. It is a village of 150 houses, and is famous for very fine velvety carpets, of small patterns, in vivid vegetable dyes. At an altitude of 7500 feet, it has a severe climate, and only grows wheat and barley, sown in April and reaped in September. All this mountainous region that we are toiling through is blank on the maps, and may be a dead level so far as anything there is represented, though even its passes are in several cases over 7000 feet high. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 146
SOURCE for Saruq
SOURCE for Surakh
« At 23¾ miles the road ascends between low hills, and then descends over undulating ground to the village of Surikh, where there are 200 houses and four ganāts. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 239

R160-023 Eibeig-abad
R160-023 Eibeig-abad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 222635 coordinate: lat 34.251205 long 49.68741
NIMA/GNS names: Eybakabad , ایبک آباد ,
VARIANT names: Eibeig-abad , Eybakabad ,
SOURCE for Eibeig-abad
« Il mercoledi feci poca giornata per la molta neve che fioc-cava, ed andai a posarmi in una piccola villa chiamata Eibeig-abad [On Wednesday I had a short day because of the heavy snowfall, and I went to rest in a small villa called Eibeig-abad.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 449
SOURCE for Eybakabad

R160-024 Scehrachird
R160-024 Scehrachird : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Iraq , Arak , Soltanabad , Sultanabad , اراک , سلطان آباد ,
VARIANT names: Arak , Iraq , Scehrachird , Schehrino , Shehr i no , Sultanabad ,
SOURCE for Arak
« The Baghdadi Shāhsivän wintered in the neighbourhood of Tehran and in the district between Kumm, Sultānābād (Arāk), Sāva and Tehran, and summered in Kharakan and Khaladjistan (Hamadan) up to the frontiers of Khamsa. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 4 p. 858
SOURCE for Iraq
« M. T. Route No. V - Section D. Dilijan to Iraq (Sultanabad) Via Khumain. » #3207 General Staff, India, M.T. Routes in Persia. Volume 1 – Main Routes. 1942, ~ p. 204
SOURCE for Scehrachird
« Il giovedi, al-loggiammo in una buona casa di un grosso luogo chiamato Scehrachird. [On Thursday, we stayed in a good house in a large place called Scehrachird.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 449
SOURCE for Schehrino
« Schehrino » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, }
SOURCE for Shehr i no
« Irak 'ajam, as the name of a province, or even region, is now obsolete; while Irak stands for a little district south-west of Kom, with Sultanabad or Shehr i no, ie. the new town, as its governor's residence. (1) Before the Arab conquest the greater part of the country, later on called Irak 'ajam, was known as Fahlev, or Pahlev,fn. 1 Sultanabad was founded in 1808 by Yusuf Khan Gurji, i.e. the Georgian, who had then been made governor of the Irak province, and commander-in-chief of the 12,000 men, regular infantry, recruited in that province. »
#3375 Albert Houtum-Schindler, Eastern Persian Irak, 1897 ~ p. 5
SOURCE for Sultanabad

R160-025 Enghevan
R160-025 Enghevan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Varcheh , Varchin , Varchu , Vasheh , Warcheh , واشه , ورچه , ورچو , ورچين ,
VARIANT names: Enghevan , Varchau , Varcheh ,
SOURCE for Enghevan
« Il venerdi alloggiammo (e pur è luogo grosso) in Enghevan, che significa luogo di tappeti, perchè forse vi si la-vorano. [On Friday we stayed (and it is a big place) in Enghevan, which means place of carpets, because perhaps they are worked there.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 449
SOURCE for Varchau
« The road is good and descends gradually until, at 12½ miles, a fine avenue of young trees leads to the village of Varchau, which, with two small hamlets, contains 280 houses. There are 4,000 sheep and 200 donkeys. Yearly produce is 2,000 kharwars of grain. Maliat is 4,000 tumāns cash. Messrs. Ziegler and Co. have carpet looms here and in most of the villages round Sultanabad. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 237
SOURCE for Varcheh

R160-026 Charavend
R160-026 Charavend : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Khomein , Khomeyn , Khowmeyn , Khumain , خمين ,
VARIANT names: Abqisa , Abti'a , Charavend , Chomen , Humayn , Khomain , Khomein , Khomeyn , Khumai , Khumain , Kumi , Macliana ? ,
SOURCE for Abqisa
« Abti'a ou AbqisaV D3 Humayn. Iran. Deuxième étape sur la route Karag Abū Dulaf-al-Yahūdiyya. Qud 200; Muq 402. Schw. 925. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 39
SOURCE for Abti'a
SOURCE for Charavend
« La domenica passanimo una montagna fastidiosissima, perchè la strada era molto ripida e con neve molto alta; la sera alloggiammo in Charavend, [On Sunday we passed a very annoying mountain, because the road was very steep and with very deep snow; in the evening we stayed in Charavend,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 449
SOURCE for Chomen
« Chomen » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, }
SOURCE for Humayn
SOURCE for Khomain
« He gave me useful information regarding my route for the following day, and advised me to take the longer road to Khomain because the shorter route was at the time infested by brigands, who had pillaged several caravans. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 248
SOURCE for Khomein
« In less than two hours more, on a winding course of from east to south-east, we entered Khomein, where we made our halt at a khan, as incommodious as most of the smaller ones stationed in the way. ...The village of Khomein occupies a great extent of ground, though its population does not much exceed two thousand souls.The Sheik, or civil governor, for there are no military in any of these villages, has a large and good house, with gardens attached to it. There were in this man's service three Russians, who had been taken prisoners in the last war; » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 180
SOURCE for Khomeyn
« Khumain: see Khomeyn PPL 33°38'N 50°04'E IR19 VT12 NI39-10 » #2938 Gazetteer of Iran Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names, Defence Mapping Agency, Washington D. C., 2nd ed. 1984, ~ vol. K-Z p. 952
SOURCE for Khumai
« At 19½ miles a dry river-bed is crossed by a well-built brick bridge, and Khumai is reached. There are said to be 2,000 houses, and, including some eleven villages round about, the yearly produce amounts to 15,000 kharwars of grain. Water is obtainable from a good ganat. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 237
SOURCE for Khumain
« Khumain » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. I-39O Gulpaigan}
SOURCE for Kumi
« Our menzil was to be Kumi, one of the pretty shaded hamlets I had admired at a distance ; and which we approached by the picturesque addition of a fine bridge of three arches , thrown over the bed of a dry river. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 71
SOURCE for Macliana ?
« December 24.- We lay at Mecliana. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 214

R160-027 Ghiul-pai-gan
R160-027 Ghiul-pai-gan : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3064684 coordinate: lat 33.453702 long 50.288361 NIMA/GNS names: Golpayagan , Golpayegan , Gulpaigan , Shahr-e Golpayegan , گلپایگان , VARIANT names: Chulpaigan , Chutpaigan , Darbaygan , Garbadakan , Garbadaqan , Ghiul-pai-gan , Ghulpaigan , Gilpaigon , Golpayagan , Golpigan , Goolpyegan , Gulpaigan , Gulpaygan , Gurbayigan , Jarbadakan , Jarbadiqan , Jurbadhakan , Jurbadhqan , Kulpadgun , Samrah , SOURCE for Chulpaigan « The 7th, eight p. to Golpigan, [Chulpaigan.] » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 218 SOURCE for Chutpaigan « Chutpaigan » in {map#1327 Persia. J. and G. Menzies sculpt., Edinr. (Drawn and engraved for Thomson's New general atlas, 1817), Thomson, John, 1817, David Rumsey Map Collection List No: 1007.048 fig. } SOURCE for Darbaygan « Jarbādiqān: It is the Arabicized form of Darbāygän or Gulbaygan. The city is located at 85½ degrees longitude and 34½ degrees latitude, between Karaj and Hamadān. It is said to have been founded by Huma, the daughter of Bahman the Kayānid. It has a moderate climate; water is gotten from a river with the same name. Its grain prod-ucts are fine. There are 50 villages in the district (of Jar-badiqān). The state dues are 4 tomans and 10,000 dinars. Dalijān (text: Dalnjān), a mid-sized city in the past but now in ruins, is one of the villages of this district. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 1 p. 257 SOURCE for Garbadakan « s a matter of fact, the older name of Gulpaigan was Garbādakān in Persian, or Jarbadakan in the Arab geographers, and in still earlier times it is said to have been called Samrah, after a daughter of the Keianian queen Humai who is alleged to have founded it. (2) fn. 2 See Yakut, p. 152, for the former statement, and compare Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 152, note, for the latter. Yakut (p. 153) speaks of Jarapādakān' (Gulpaigan) as 'a large and celebrated place. For other allusions to the town see likewise Sadik Isfahani, Geo-graphical Works, p. 86; Mokad-dasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 257, 402 (mere mention); and Ibn Khordadhbah, ed. De Goeje, 6. 20, 155. Consult furthermore Tomaschek, Zur histor. Topog. von Persien, in Sb. Akad. Wiss. zu Wien, 102 (1883), pp. 168, 171. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249 SOURCE for Garbadaqan « GarbādaqānV D3 Gūlpaygān. Iran. Troisième étape sur la route Karag-al-Yahūdiyya. Qud 200; Muq 402. Yaq II, 46-47; Schw. 462, 645, 648, 924. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 40 SOURCE for Ghiul-pai-gan « Il lunedi, con lunga e faticosa gior-nata andammo a mezza ora di notte ad alloggiare in Ghiul-pai-gan, città simile ad Hamadan, ma più piccola; ... Attraver-sammo la città per mezzo, da un capo all'altro, che non era aucora scuro; ed usciti di là fuor delle mura, alloggiammo in un chiervan-serai nuovo, non ancor fornito e di bella fabbrica:[On Monday, after a long and tiring day, we went at half past midnight to lodge in Ghiul-pai-gan, a city similar to Hamadan, but smaller; ... We crossed the city from one end to the other, before it was dark yet; and once outside the walls, we lodged in a new, not yet furnished, and beautifully built church.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 449 SOURCE for Ghulpaigan « Ghulpaigan » in {map#410 Carte de Perse, Lisle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726; Covens et Mortier, 1742, David Rumsey Map Collection list no: 4638.082} SOURCE for Gilpaigon « We reached Gilpaigon by eight o'clock in the morning ; a journey estimated at seven farsangs from Dour. The country, for several miles as we approached the town, gave evidence of an industrious and flourishing people. Corn, melons , castor, and other products of good husbandry, enriched its fields and gardens ; which, on one side , only terminated at the rocky walls of the mountain » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 66 SOURCE for Golpayagan SOURCE for Golpigan « The 7th, eight p. to Golpigan, [Chulpaigan.] » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 218 SOURCE for Goolpyegan « Goolpyegan, for such is the most general way in which the name of the place is pronounced, contains at present about two thousand dwellings, and from five to six thousand inhabitants. The people are all Sheeah Moslems, and there are neither Jews nor Christians resident among them. Here are three poor mosques, a small and dirty bath, five khans, and several long ranges of covered streets where the bazaars are held, and the chief trades carried on. A manufacture of coarse cotton cloth and thread also exists here; but no other articles are produced, except for the immediate supply of the town itself. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 182 SOURCE for Gulpaigan « Gulpaigan is a town that was sited by the famous Italian traveller Pietro della Valle on his way to Isfahan three hundred years ago. He says that 'it resembles Hamadan, but is smaller,'and that its name is composed of the three words gul, pãi, and gān - which is merely a popular etymology. (1) fn. 1 Pietro della Valle, Viaggi, 1. 449; Travels, ed. Pinkerton, 9. 21. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249 SOURCE for Gulpaygan « GarbādaqānV D3 Gūlpaygān. Iran. Troisième étape sur la route Karag-al-Yahūdiyya. Qud 200; Muq 402. Yaq II, 46-47; Schw. 462, 645, 648, 924. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 40 SOURCE for Gurbayigan Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 92 F3 Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] [accessed 29 Aug 2025] SOURCE for Jarbadakan « s a matter of fact, the older name of Gulpaigan was Garbādakān in Persian, or Jarbadakan in the Arab geographers, and in still earlier times it is said to have been called Samrah, after a daughter of the Keianian queen Humai who is alleged to have founded it. (2) fn. 2 See Yakut, p. 152, for the former statement, and compare Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 152, note, for the latter. Yakut (p. 153) speaks of Jarapādakān' (Gulpaigan) as 'a large and celebrated place. For other allusions to the town see likewise Sadik Isfahani, Geo-graphical Works, p. 86; Mokad-dasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 257, 402 (mere mention); and Ibn Khordadhbah, ed. De Goeje, 6. 20, 155. Consult furthermore Tomaschek, Zur histor. Topog. von Persien, in Sb. Akad. Wiss. zu Wien, 102 (1883), pp. 168, 171. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249 SOURCE for Jarbadiqan « Jarbādiqān: It is the Arabicized form of Darbāygän or Gulbaygan. The city is located at 85½ degrees longitude and 34½ degrees latitude, between Karaj and Hamadān. It is said to have been founded by Huma, the daughter of Bahman the Kayānid. It has a moderate climate; water is gotten from a river with the same name. Its grain prod-ucts are fine. There are 50 villages in the district (of Jar-badiqān). The state dues are 4 tomans and 10,000 dinars. Dalijān (text: Dalnjān), a mid-sized city in the past but now in ruins, is one of the villages of this district. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 1 p. 257 SOURCE for Jurbadhakan Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 92 F3 Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] [accessed 29 Aug 2025] SOURCE for Jurbadhqan « the eastern route passed through Jurbadhqan, present-day Gulpayagan.(2)fn. 2 In 1052, Nasir-i Khusraw traveled on the mountain road from Arrajan to 18-fahân; cf. his Safar-nama (Tehran lithog.), pp. 245-46. (The gorge Shamshir-i Barid; the place Lürdaghän, forty farsakhs from Arrajān, on the border of Färs; the town of Khan Lanjan, the name of Sultan Toghril written on its gate; from Khan Lanjan to Isfahan, it is seven farsakhs.) » #2871 W. Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1984, ~ p. 180 SOURCE for Kulpadgun « Kulpadgun » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, } SOURCE for Samrah « s a matter of fact, the older name of Gulpaigan was Garbādakān in Persian, or Jarbadakan in the Arab geographers, and in still earlier times it is said to have been called Samrah, after a daughter of the Keianian queen Humai who is alleged to have founded it. (2) fn. 2 See Yakut, p. 152, for the former statement, and compare Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 152, note, for the latter. Yakut (p. 153) speaks of Jarapādakān' (Gulpaigan) as 'a large and celebrated place. For other allusions to the town see likewise Sadik Isfahani, Geo-graphical Works, p. 86; Mokad-dasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 257, 402 (mere mention); and Ibn Khordadhbah, ed. De Goeje, 6. 20, 155. Consult furthermore Tomaschek, Zur histor. Topog. von Persien, in Sb. Akad. Wiss. zu Wien, 102 (1883), pp. 168, 171. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249

R160-028 Oniscion
R160-028 Oniscion : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Barmshan , Vaneshan , Vanishan , Vanshan , وانشان ,
VARIANT names: Banishun , Oniscion , Vaneshan , Waneshoon , Wanishun ,
SOURCE for Banishun
« Our halt for the night was at Banishun, or Wanishun, called Oniscion' by Pietro della Valle. (1)
fn. 1 Pietro della Valle, Viaggi, 1. 450; Travels, ed. Pinkerton, 9. 21. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 251
SOURCE for Oniscion
« Il martedi andammo a posarci in Oniscion, in casa di certe donne molto cortesi, belle e garbate; particolarmente una chiamata Agà-Bibicè, che per avere il marito troppo vecchio, non faceva mai altro che sospirare, con gran compassione di chiunque l'udiva. [On Tuesday we went to rest in Oniscion, at the home of some very courteous, beautiful, and polite women; in particular, one named Agà-Bibicè, who, because her husband was too old, never did anything but sigh, to the great pity of all who heard her.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 450
SOURCE for Vaneshan
SOURCE for Waneshoon
« In about an hour and half after our leaving Goolpyegan, we had opposite to us, on the left of our road, a small village called Sefeeabad, and in another hour we entered the town of Waneshoon. This was seated in a valley, with a lofty hill hanging over it on the west. It contained about eight hundred houses, many gardens, and a mosque, with an octagonal and conical dome rising from the centre. The exterior of this had been once ornamented with coloured tiles, chiefly blue ; but the outer coating having fallen gradually to decay, there remained only the interior brick-work with a few patches of the tiles on it. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 185
SOURCE for Wanishun

R160-029 Rahmet-abad - Chiuneiran
R160-029 Rahmet-abad - Chiuneiran : place IRN (castle)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 33.2017582225528 long 50.5970818930176 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Chiuneiran , Rahmatabad castle , Rahmet-abad ,
SOURCE for Chiuneiran
« Il sabbato alloggiam-mo in un castello fabbricato in alto, sopra una piccola ma sco-scesa rupe; il quale ha due nomi, per quanto mi dissero, uno Rahmet-abad, e l'altro Chiuneiran: ma noi, perchè non trovam-mo altra casa d'alloggiare, andammo a star la notte nel bagno; dormendo, non dove è caldo e si lava, ma sotto alla cupola, nella prima entrata, dove le genti si vestono e si spogliano. [On Saturday we lodged in a castle built high up on a small but steep rock; which has two names, as I was told, one Rahmet-abad, and the other Chiuneiran: but as we found no other house to lodge in, we went to spend the night in the bath, sleeping, not where it is warm and one can wash, but under the dome, in the first entrance, where people dress and undress.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 450
SOURCE for Rahmatabad castle
SOURCE for Rahmet-abad

R160-030 Dehè or Dehà
R160-030 Dehè or Dehà : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Dahagh , Deh Hak , Deh Haqq , Dehag , Deheq , Mantaqeh-e San`ati-ye Dehaq , Shahrak-e San`ati-ye Dehaq , شهرک صنعتی دهق , منطقه صنعتی دهق ,
VARIANT names: Deh Hak , Deha , Dehak , Dehè or Dehà , Dehuck , Deyhawk , Marg wa Zahr ,
SOURCE for Deh Hak
« At 30 miles the road continues to ascend passing extensive orchards and vineyards, until Deh Hak is reached at the head of the valley, close under hills on either side. Here there are 800 houses, three ganāts, and 4,000 sheep. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 235
SOURCE for Deha
« December 16. We rose from Challisea and lay at Deha¹: 9 houres. All good way. About an hour short of this place we passed by a large town and a good Caravansarai.
fn. 1 1 Challisea and Deha appear in Dupré (Voyage en Perse, i, 288, 287) as Tchallisié and Dehak, He mentions a great caravanserai at the former, but ascribes the building to the munificence of the grandmother of Futteh 'Ali Shah, then reigning.-Y. »
#3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 214
SOURCE for Dehak
« Dehak » in {map#1326 , #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~, , fig. Abb. 3 Karte Irans, Ausschnitt der Regionen Teheran - Esfahan - Shiraz}
SOURCE for Dehè or Dehà
« la domenica de'dician-nove di febbraio, alloggiammo la sera in un luogo tanto grosso, che in questi paesi io chiamerei piuttosto città che villa, o terra: si chiama Dehè o Dehà, e dormimmo in una casa molto pulita e galante [On Sunday the 19th of February, we stayed in the evening in a place so large that in these countries I would rather call it a city than a village or land: it is called Dehè or Dehà, and we slept in a very clean and gallant house.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 451
SOURCE for Dehuck
« Dehuck is seated in a dreary and narrow valley, between bare rocky hills. The little cultivatable land about it is better managed than is usual in this country. We saw here, ploughing, harrowing, dressing with manure, turning up with the spade and hoe, and other operations of husbandry, performed as well as in Europe. The town contains a population of about three thousand inhabitants, all Mohammedans of the Sheeah sect. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 188
SOURCE for Deyhawk
« Having travelled four additional farsangs along this panting road, we arrived at the gorge of a narrow vale, whose jaundiced-faced hills threatened no hope of gentler atmosphere ; and they did not deceive us ; for through this furnace we marched, till the village of Deyhawk gladdened our eyes with the sight of its sheltering walls, and a few leafy trees . » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 pp. 62-3
SOURCE for Marg wa Zahr
« Marg Wa Zahr V D3 Deh Haqq. Iran. Cinquième étape sur la route Karag-al-Yahūdiyya Qud 200; Muq 402. Schw. 924. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 42

R160-031 Alevi : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Alavi , `Alavicheh , `Alavijeh , Alavicheh , علویجه , علویچه ,
VARIANT names: Alavi , Alevi , Allavidjeh , Alooy ,
SOURCE for Alavi
« At 21 miles is the villageof Alavi, about 1 mile to the right of the road. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 235
SOURCE for Alevi
« Il lunedì alloggiammo in un chiervan-serai, vecchio e mezzo rovinato, in campagna deserta, perchè in quella terra, e per molto attorno, le acque son cosi cattive, che le genti non vi abitano e non vi si trovano ville: chiamano il luogo Alevi. [On Monday we lodged in an old, half-ruined cheervan-serai in the deserted countryside, because in that area, and far around it, the water is so bad that people don't live there and there are no villas to be found: they call the place Alevi.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ p. 451
SOURCE for Allavidjeh
« Allavidjeh » in {map#1345 in #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ fig. Anciennes Routes vers Ispahan}
SOURCE for Alooy
« An insulated chain of straggling hills stretched along this vale on our right ; and, at the base of some of them we found the villages of Alooy and Hoosny, with their little home environs of fields and gardens ; pleasing objects amidst so extensive a theatre of savage sterility. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 62

R160-032 Cialisiah
R160-032 Cialisiah : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013478 coordinate: lat 32.8383 long 51.3969 NIMA/GNS names: Chah-i-Siah , Chaleh Siah , Chaleh Siah-e Kohneh , Chaleh Siyah , چاله سیاه کهنه , VARIANT names: Chahar Bordj , Chah-i-Siah , Chalasea , Cialisiah , Tchahar-Bordj caravanserai , SOURCE for Chahar Bordj «Names Preferred name: Cahar Bordj Persian (Transliterated) Chahar Bordj Persian Tchahar Bordj Persian » [accessed 16 Dec 2025] SOURCE for Chah-i-Siah « At 13¾ miles Chah-i-Sinh is reached, where there is a good ganāt. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 234 SOURCE for Chalasea « Four miles further , brought us to Chalasea, where we found a good and quiet caravansary, and the thermometer, at mid-day, standing at 86° Fahrenheit. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 61 SOURCE for Cialisiah « Il martedì, camminando molto forte, con lunga giornata per paese simile, andai a dormire in un altro chiervan-serai della mede-sima condizione, e'l luogo si chiamava Cialisiah. Trovai quivi un servidor dei padri Carmelitani Scalzi di Ispahan, che di ordine loro, già tre giorni mi aveva in questo luogo aspettato. [On Tuesday, after a long day of walking through similar countryside, I went to sleep in another similarly situated church, called Cialisiah. There I found a servant of the Discalced Carmelite Fathers of Ispahan, who had been waiting for me there for three days under their orders.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ p. 451 SOURCE for Tchahar-Bordj caravanserai « LE CARAVANSERAIL TCHARAR-BORDJ (site 8, fig. 22) appartient au groupe des «Tchah-e-Siyah». A propos de Tchah-e-Siyah qadim, il fut dit que les récents tessons recueillis sur son site (de beaux débris de poteries, provenant des ateliers de Saveh ou de Kåchán, de la deuxième moitié du XII A.D.) marquent la fin de l'utilisation du monument. » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 95

R160-033 Ispahan
R160-033 Ispahan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013426 coordinate: lat 32.657218 long 51.677608
NIMA/GNS names: Aspadana , Esfahan , Esfehan , Isfahan , اصفهان ,
VARIANT names: al-Yahudiyya , A-su-pau-han , Esfahan , Gabæ , Hispaham , Hispahan , Hispahone , Isbahan , Isfahan , Ispahan , Ispahaun , Ispahawne , I-ssi-fa-hang , Julfa , Sipahan , Spaan , Spahan , Spahaune , Spahawn , Spahone , Ya-ssi-pau-hien ,
SOURCE for al-Yahudiyya
« al-Yahūdiyya V D3 La ville actuelle d'Isfahan. Iran. Ce toponyme désigne en principe la moitié Ouest d'Isbahän, mais il est souvent employé pour dési-gner la capitale (qasaba) tandis qu'Isbahān désigne la circonscription (kūra). I 198, 199; Η 362; Hur 58; Y 274; R 90(g); Muq 7, 23, 26, 51, 388, 389, 397, 398, 399(d), 400, 401, 402, 457-58, 459, 491 ?. Yaq IV, 1045; LS 203-204; Schw. 586 + index. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 45
SOURCE for A-su-pau-han
« same as Ya-ssi-pau-hien in Amoy dialect » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Esfahan
SOURCE for Gabæ
#836 p. 13
SOURCE for Hispaham
« Prés huit heures de courſe nous aurivâmes ſur les dix heu res du matin à Hiſpaham. [After nearly eight hours of racing, we arrived at Hispaham around ten o'clock in the morning.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 77
SOURCE for Hispahan
« And so we arrived at Hispahan. Hispahan is one of the greatest Cities in Persia, where the King sometimes keepeth his residencie. The people are industrious and curious in all Sciences, but especially in weaving Girdles and Shashes, in making of Velvets, Sattens, Dammasks, very good Ormuzines, and Persian Carpets of a wonderfull fine-nesse. Here you may buy all manner of Drugs, and Spices, and Turkeses, with store of Pearles, Diamonds, and Rubies, as also all sorts of Silkes, as well wrought, as raw. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 pp. 84-5
SOURCE for Hispahone
« This daye we came from Hispahone [Ispahan], being the last of Aprill, to Botoon [?J 1 som two leauges from the citye.
fn. 1 Not traced. Della Valle gives Bertabad in this neighbourhood. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 45
SOURCE for Isbahan
SOURCE for Isfahan
« Iṣfahān 4. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
« and from the village of Sin it is 4 leagues to Isfahan city » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« finally 4 leagues to Isfahan. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 167
« I felt almost inclined to question my eyes when I actually caught sight of the ruined fire-temple. The deserted shrine stands on the top of a hill which rises about seven hundred feet sharply above the plain at a distance of three or four miles from Isfahan. The ascent is by a winding path which starts from the southeastern slope of the elevation and proceeds by a series of natural steps formed by ledges of the unhewn rock. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 253
« Inside the shabby gateway the road to Julfa lies among rows of mean mud houses, heaps of ruins, and shabby provision bazars; and that mile or more of Isfahan was the one disagreeable part of the journey. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 244
« The aggregate distance from Yezd to Isfahan I computed to be a hundred and seventy-seven miles. The course principally west, and the road good. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 423
« je ne parlerai dans cette route que de mon dernier voyage, lorsque je partis d'Ispahan pour les Indes le vingt-quatrième de février 1665. [I will only speak in this passage of my last voyage, when I left Isfahan for India on the twenty-fourth of February 1665.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Ispahan
« avoir fait trois lieuës dans des campagnes graffes et fertiles on arrive à Ifpahan. [Having traveled three leagues through rough and fertile countryside, one arrives at Ifpahan.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73
« Et de la a Ispahan اصفهان sans aucune ville dans l'intervalle, go milles. [And from there to Isfahan (اصفهان), with no town in between, 6 miles.] » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 2 p. 166
« At last we emerged from the bazaars into the fine spacious square called Meydán- i- Shah. On our right hand as we entered it was the 'Alí Kápí (Supreme Gate), which is the palace of the Zillu ' s -Sultán, the Prince Governor of Isfahan, of whom I have already spoken » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 196
« We were conducted through several streets, through the Maidan, and before the Kings Pa|lace, to that part of the Suburbs which is called Tzulifa, where we were lodg'd in the Quar|ter of the chiefest of the Armenian Merchants, who are Christians, and have their habitations there. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197
« the 16. of Ianuary I left Ispa|han, with a retinue of three persons, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
« HAving stay'd the most part of 2 Days at Ruk, we set forward again, and on the 19 we came to the long-wishd-for Ispahan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 313
« Reise von Isfahan nach Persepolis und Schinas anno 1683 in November [Journey from Isfahan to Persepolis and Schinas in November 1683] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 85
« je me résolus de me rendre à Ispahan, le plus tôt que je pourrois, et j'y arrivai le 2 juillet, fatigué et abattu autant qu'on le peut être. [I resolved to go to Isfahan as soon as I could, and I arrived there on July 2nd, as tired and dejected as one can be.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 91
« From Guz to Ispahan through cultivated plains. Road crossed by numerous streams of water » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Ispahaun
« After we had received their Complements, they undertook to be both our Guide and Guard to Ispahaun, Three Miles farther, defending us against the unwary Insults of Thieves, with which this place is infested » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 239
SOURCE for Ispahawne
« The twenty fourth day, we entred into the City where wée staied eleuen or twelue daies.This City of Ispahawne, is a gallant City, and one of the principall Cities of Persia, and aboundeth in traffique of all sorts of Merchandize. There are ma|ny great Surroies, where are houses made of purpose for the laying in and kéeping of Merchants goods, and to harbour and lodge themselues and their Camels Horses or other Cattle, and prouision; the profits of which Surroies redound to the King only. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 53
SOURCE for I-ssi-fa-hang
« name written in the Yaun period » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Julfa
« From Daulatabad to Julfa 22¾ miles. » #3529 Henry Blosse Lynch, Across Luristan to Ispahan, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, London, 1890 vol. 12:no. 9:pp. 533-553 ~ p. 551
« #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ » #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ p. 170
SOURCE for Sipahan
« (2) The city of Isfahan (Sipahān) consisted of two parts, Shahristān (also called al-Madina and Djayy, evidently the seat of the governor) and Djahüdhān (Arabicised: al-Yahūdiyya, i.e. the old Jewish quarter). See Hudud al-'alam, 131; al-Istakhri 198-9; Yākūt, 343. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 9 p. 220
SOURCE for Spaan
« 3 The city of Spaan, Spahan, or Ispahan, by the Arabians called Isfahan, situated in the southern part of Persian Irak, is well known as the magnificent capital of the kings of the Sefi family, which, espe- cially during the reign of Shah Abbas II., exceeded in splendour, as well as extent, most Asiatic cities. It fell under the dominion of the Moghuls in 1221, and was taken, plundered, and nearly destroyed by Tamerlane in 1387. » #3318 ed. Thomas Wright trans. Marsden, The Travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian, The Translation of Marsden Revised, with a Selection of his Notes, H.G. Bohn, London, 1854 ~ p. 49 fn. 3
« We remained in this city of Spaan with His Majesty until the 25th of this month, during which time we were invited by His Majesty to frequent banquets. Spaan appears to be a very convenient city. It is situated in a plain abounding with all kinds of provisions. It is said that, as the city refused to surrender, much of it was destroyed after it had been taken. It is surrounded by a wall of earth like the others. From Tauris to Spaan is a twenty-four days' journey, through a country entirely belonging to Persia, consisting of a very arid plain with salt water in many places. » #383 Barbaro, J. and Contarini, A., Travels to Tana and Persia, Hakluyt Society:Burt Franklin, Cambridge:New York, 1873:1963-6, ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Spahan
« December 1.-I hired 125 Camells to carry mine and Mr. Robert Dowglasse's Bales, at Mahmoodies 80 for 100 Maunds Tauris, to Bagdat, and 13 mules to carry our luggage, at Mah-moodies 90 per 100 Maunds Tauris.¹December 13. This day I left Spahan, and began my journey towards Aleppo, by way of Bagdat. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 213
« La ville de SPAHAN autresfois appellée, comme veulent aucuns Hecatompyle, eft fort grande; mais elle n'a point de for-tereffe, ny aucun beau palais, elle n'a pas fi grande difette d'eau comme CASBIN, mais elle a auffi beaucoup plusbeſoin de bois. [The city of Spahan, formerly called, as some would have it, Hecatompyle, is very large; but it has no fortress, nor any beautiful palace, it does not have as large a water supply as Casbin, but it also has much more need of wood.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 134
« siendo cosa increible el grande numero de estas naciones que en la ciudad de Spahan está rrecogido, no cabiendo en los muchos y grandes carauasares que en la giudad ay, por no tener casas propias en que biuir. [It is incredible how many of these nations are gathered in the city of Spahan, not fitting in the many large caravanserais in the city, because they have no houses of their own to live in.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 pp. 24-5
SOURCE for Spahaune
« 5 February 1707/8. Departed from Spahaune [Isfahan] the 5th February at 3 after-noon. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Spahawn
« One of the oldest and best accounts of Ispahan, soon after the period of Shah Abbas's government, is given by Sir Thomas Herbert, an English traveller, who visited it in 1627, and parts of whose description are so curious as to be worth transcribing, especially as his book is not now so easy of access to the general reader. He says:-'The imperial city of Spahawn is in thirty-two degrees thirty-nine minutes north; is seated in the kingdom of Parthia, in a fair plain and pleasant horizon. It is by some called Spaan, and by others Spahan and Hispahan, as their several dialects concorded. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ note p. 231
« ISFAHAN-Telegraph Station. In the Persian province of Irak-Ajim; pronounced "Spahawn." » #3181 Bradshaw's Through Route Overland Guide to India, and Colonial Handbook, W. J. Adams and sons, 1884 ~ p. 253
« The tenth of Aprill wee fet out from Spahawnet a village fix miles South from Spahawn: when we had gone a farfang (three miles,) we were ſtayed by the way to taſte a banquet in a ſpacious garden of the Kings, whither the Engliſh Agent and ſuch other Chriftian Mechants as were in Spaharon came out to attend our Lord Ambaffador: a mile neerer the Citie, the Vifier, the Sultan of Spahawn, Meloyembeg and Hodge nazar the Armenian Prince with foure thousand horse and innumerable foot, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Spahone
« The 27th daye we came to on of the Kinges garde[n]swch is wthin an English mile of the citie of Spahone [Ispahan], wher we rested this daye and layd in a muskeet [mosque] this night, weh is ouer against the garden gate. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Ya-ssi-pau-hien
#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12