R161path A. V. Williams Jackson.kmz

R161path A. V. Williams Jackson

R161-000 Hamadan
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3065706 coordinate: lat 34.799216 long 48.514556
NIMA/GNS names: Ecbatana , Hamadan , Hamedan , همدان ,
VARIANT names: Agbatana , Amadam , Ecbatana , Ekbatana , Hagmatana , Hamadan , Hamadhan , Suſa di Aſſuero ,
SOURCE for Agbatana
« HAMADHAN (HAMADAN), city in central Iranlocated in a fertile plain just south of Mt. Alwand, 48° 31' E. (Greenw.), 34° 48' N., altitude ca. 1800 metres/5900 ft.Hamadhan is a very old city. Whether the name is first mentioned in cuneiform sources dating about 1100 B.C., telling of the conquests of Tiglatpileser I, is uncertain but unlikely. Herodotus (I, 98) says that the Median king Deiokes in the seventh century B.C. built the city called Agbatana, or Ekbatana according to other Classical authors. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 3 p. 105
SOURCE for Amadam
« e la mat-tina di buon' ora partiſſimo camminando, nella neve che all'altezza di quattro palmi era caduta in quella notte,che biſognò calpeſtare fino ad Amadan, dove giungemmo all' ore venti una, ed entrati in caſa, la trovammo, che non eravi luogo, da poterſi riparare dal freddo, perche ci erano ſtari tolti i legni delle porte, e finestre. [and early in the morning we set out, walking through the snow that had fallen to a depth of four palms that night, which we had to trample down to Amadan, where we arrived at twenty-one o'clock, and when we entered the house, we found that there was no place to shelter from the cold, because the wood of the doors and windows had been taken away.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 23
« Arrivai finalmente a dì 24. Gennaro in Amadan [I finally arrived on the 24th. January in Amadan] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 192
« Ainſi nous partîmes enſemble d'Hifpahan le 5. de Juillet 1701. pour Amadam avec une petite Caravane qui y alloit. Aprés voir paffe par pluſieurs Villes et Villages qu'il feroit empuyéux de nommer, nous y arrivâmes le dix-neuvième du même mois. [Thus we departed together from Hifpahan on July 5th, 1701, for Amadam with a small caravan that was going there. After passing through several towns and villages that it would be difficult to name, we arrived there on the nineteenth of the same month.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 126
SOURCE for Ecbatana
owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Ecbatana, 48.583, 34.767, IR, nkn, approx, 59, tmcIRa0100_049a »
some descrepancy on co-ordinates
« ECBATANA, cidade de - Nome antigo da cidade persa de Hamadan, en 34° 49' lat. N. e 48° 27' long. E., a sudoeste de Teerão. Diogo do Couto, poré (X, VI, 12.°), propende para a identificação com Tabriz. [ECBATANA, city of - Ancient name of the Persian city of Hamadan, in 34° 49' lat. N. and 48° 27' long. E., southwest of Tehran. Diogo do Couto, however (X, VI, 12th), tends to identify it with Tabriz.] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. D-N p. 33
« When it lost the name of Ecbatana in that of Hamadan , it seems to have lost all its honours too » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 101
SOURCE for Ekbatana
SOURCE for Hagmatana
« As you approach Hamadan itself, one of the most elevated of all Iranian cities, delightfully cool in summer, very cold in winter, you see the impressive snow-capped Mount Alvand (3,570 m.) overshadowing the famous Median capital, ancient Hagmatana ('The Place of Assembly'), known to the Greeks as Ecbatana, the site of which is now covered by modern Hamadan. » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 109
SOURCE for Hamadan
« Hamadan is a large town (population 50,000), traversed by tortuous, bumpy and narrow streets. There are big bāzārs, a carpet factory, post and telegraph office and British and Russian banks. There is much dense wood in the vicinity of the town; also rich cultivation, as it lies at the edge of a fertile plain. The main industry is leather manufacture, the tanneries being the best in Persia. The water supply is excellent and fuel is fairly plentiful. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 161
« Arrivés à quatre heures du soir à Hamadân, nous descendîmes chez un Arménien, Rustèm-Khân, fils et délégué du gouverneur de cette province, Méhémet-Husséin-Khân, était absent. [Arriving at four o'clock in the evening in Hamadan, we stayed at the house of an Armenian, Rustem Khan, son and delegate of the governor of this province, Mehemet Hussein Khan, who was absent.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 258
« Hamadan is a large and important place situated at the eastern extremity of an extensive and thickly peopled plain . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 252
« We were on horseback this morning at six o'clock ; having little more than a farsang to ride before we should reach the ancient city of the Medes. I had dispatched my Ispahan mehmandar some time before dawn , to apprise the vizier of Hamadan of my approach » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 pp. 90-1
« fn. 5 According to Istakhri, p. 197, the distance from Gondēshäpür to al-Lûr was four farsakhs, then thirty farsakhs to Shābür Khäst (no trace of a town or settlement), twenty-two farsakhs from the latter to Nihawand, which lies fourteen farsakhs from Hamadan. (For the town of Shapürkh(w)äst, see Le Strange, The Lands, pp. 201 ff.; Hudüd al-'alam, tr. Minorsky, p. 383.)) »
#2871 W. Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1984, ~ fn. 5 p. 180
« Two miles from Hamadan, we passed a considerable stream of water, by a neat stone bridge. Near it were many marble tombstones, elegantly sculptured in flowers and inscriptions in the Cufic and Arabic characters. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 92
« The whole distance of our journey from Sadawah to Hamadan was about eight hours, and our course on the whole about east-south-east. On entering this town, we passed through a burying-ground, of which the tombs were of an unusual kind; some of these were like stone chests, or sarcophagi, of the common size of the human form, closely covered on the top » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 160
« The view of Hamadan from this height, overlooking the plain of many colors, repaid me for the ascent, if nothing else did, for it presented the distant city to me in still another light. The Musallah, once crowned with walls, stood out clear to the view, but looked barren and desolate. Fine gardens, which afford a delightful resort for an afternoon in the suburbs, especially in the vicinity of the Armenian village of Sheverin, border the town. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 174
e'l giorno seguente, a mezzodi, arri-vammo alla città di Hamadan, fin dove andava la nostra caro-vana, e fin dove avevamo coi mulattieri noleggiato. [and the next day, at midday, we arrived at the city of Hamadan, as far as our caravan was going, and as far as we had hired the muleteers.]
Fueron bastante penosas las cuatro últimas jornadas de Nubaran á Hamadan; [The last four days from Nubaran to Hamadan were quite arduous;]
SOURCE for Hamadhan
SOURCE for Suſa di Aſſuero
« La Città di Amadan, o fia l'antica Suſa di Aſſuero, è Città Regia della Perfia, fituata in una valta pianura, formata in ordine di Teatro, fiancheggiata in diſtanza di un ora da altiffimi monti, ed il principale, che da Levante, Mezzo Giorno, e Ponente le fa corona, è il monte denominato l' Alvent, il qua-le nelle fue estremità, ricoperto ſempre fi vede di nevi. [The City of Amadan, or the ancient Susa of Aſſuero, is a Royal City of Persia, located in a valley-plain, formed in the order of a theatre, flanked at a distance of an hour by very high mountains, and the main one, which crowns it from the east, south, and west, is the mountain called Alvent, which at its extremities is always covered with snow.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 24

R161-001 Nanaj : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3058607 coordinate: lat 34.420166 long 48.754071
NIMA/GNS names: Cheshmeh Pahn-e Nanaj , Nahenjeh , Nanaj , Nannaj , Nanoj , چشمه پهن ننج , ننج , ننج , نهنجه ,
VARIANT names: Nana , Nanaj , Nanej ,
SOURCE for Nana
« December 31.-We rose from Deezabad and lay at Nana: 8 houres. January 1, 2, 3, 4.-We lay at Nana, occasioned by the vast quantity of Snow that fell all these 4 days without intermission. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 214
SOURCE for Nanaj
« I started late on the morning of the third day to continue my journey southward toward Isfahan, especially to visit the ruined fire-temple near that city. Weather and road alike were favorable, and we reached Nanaj at sunset, having travelled some thirty miles, which, owing to the late start, was less than my usual march, for I sometimes accomplished fifty miles, and occasionally even seventy. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 245
SOURCE for Nanej
« Nanej is the last village laid down on any map on the route we are taking for over a hundred miles, i.e. until we reach Kûm, though it is a caravan route, and it does not appear that any Europeans have published any account of it. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 140

R161-002 Hassar
R161-002 Hassar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3823546 coordinate: lat 34.032096 long 49.30779
NIMA/GNS names: Hesar , حصار ,
VARIANT names: Hassar , Hesar ,
SOURCE for Hassar
« Our cavalcade halted for the second night at the small village of Hassar » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 245
SOURCE for Hesar

R161-003 Leilhahan
R161-003 Leilhahan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Leylan , Leylian , Lilan , Lilian , Lirian , ليرين , ليلان , ليلن , ليليان , ليلين ,
VARIANT names: Leilhahan , Leylan ,
SOURCE for Leilhahan
« Our halt on the night of the third day was at Leilhahan, a settlement of a thousand families, I should judge, the majority of them being Armenians. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 248
SOURCE for Leylan

R161-004 Khomain
R161-004 Khomain : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Khomein , Khomeyn , Khowmeyn , Khumain , خمين ,
VARIANT names: Abqisa , Abti'a , Charavend , Chomen , Humayn , Khomain , Khomein , Khomeyn , Khumai , Khumain , Kumi , Macliana ? ,
SOURCE for Abqisa
« Abti'a ou AbqisaV D3 Humayn. Iran. Deuxième étape sur la route Karag Abū Dulaf-al-Yahūdiyya. Qud 200; Muq 402. Schw. 925. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 39
SOURCE for Abti'a
SOURCE for Charavend
« La domenica passanimo una montagna fastidiosissima, perchè la strada era molto ripida e con neve molto alta; la sera alloggiammo in Charavend, [On Sunday we passed a very annoying mountain, because the road was very steep and with very deep snow; in the evening we stayed in Charavend,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 449
SOURCE for Chomen
« Chomen » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, }
SOURCE for Humayn
SOURCE for Khomain
« He gave me useful information regarding my route for the following day, and advised me to take the longer road to Khomain because the shorter route was at the time infested by brigands, who had pillaged several caravans. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 248
SOURCE for Khomein
« In less than two hours more, on a winding course of from east to south-east, we entered Khomein, where we made our halt at a khan, as incommodious as most of the smaller ones stationed in the way. ...The village of Khomein occupies a great extent of ground, though its population does not much exceed two thousand souls.The Sheik, or civil governor, for there are no military in any of these villages, has a large and good house, with gardens attached to it. There were in this man's service three Russians, who had been taken prisoners in the last war; » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 180
SOURCE for Khomeyn
« Khumain: see Khomeyn PPL 33°38'N 50°04'E IR19 VT12 NI39-10 » #2938 Gazetteer of Iran Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names, Defence Mapping Agency, Washington D. C., 2nd ed. 1984, ~ vol. K-Z p. 952
SOURCE for Khumai
« At 19½ miles a dry river-bed is crossed by a well-built brick bridge, and Khumai is reached. There are said to be 2,000 houses, and, including some eleven villages round about, the yearly produce amounts to 15,000 kharwars of grain. Water is obtainable from a good ganat. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 237
SOURCE for Khumain
« Khumain » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. I-39O Gulpaigan}
SOURCE for Kumi
« Our menzil was to be Kumi, one of the pretty shaded hamlets I had admired at a distance ; and which we approached by the picturesque addition of a fine bridge of three arches , thrown over the bed of a dry river. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 71
SOURCE for Macliana ?
« December 24.- We lay at Mecliana. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 214

R161-005 Gulpaigan
R161-005 Gulpaigan : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3064684 coordinate: lat 33.453702 long 50.288361 NIMA/GNS names: Golpayagan , Golpayegan , Gulpaigan , Shahr-e Golpayegan , گلپایگان , VARIANT names: Chulpaigan , Chutpaigan , Darbaygan , Garbadakan , Garbadaqan , Ghiul-pai-gan , Ghulpaigan , Gilpaigon , Golpayagan , Golpigan , Goolpyegan , Gulpaigan , Gulpaygan , Gurbayigan , Jarbadakan , Jarbadiqan , Jurbadhakan , Jurbadhqan , Kulpadgun , Samrah , SOURCE for Chulpaigan « The 7th, eight p. to Golpigan, [Chulpaigan.] » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 218 SOURCE for Chutpaigan « Chutpaigan » in {map#1327 Persia. J. and G. Menzies sculpt., Edinr. (Drawn and engraved for Thomson's New general atlas, 1817), Thomson, John, 1817, David Rumsey Map Collection List No: 1007.048 fig. } SOURCE for Darbaygan « Jarbādiqān: It is the Arabicized form of Darbāygän or Gulbaygan. The city is located at 85½ degrees longitude and 34½ degrees latitude, between Karaj and Hamadān. It is said to have been founded by Huma, the daughter of Bahman the Kayānid. It has a moderate climate; water is gotten from a river with the same name. Its grain prod-ucts are fine. There are 50 villages in the district (of Jar-badiqān). The state dues are 4 tomans and 10,000 dinars. Dalijān (text: Dalnjān), a mid-sized city in the past but now in ruins, is one of the villages of this district. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 1 p. 257 SOURCE for Garbadakan « s a matter of fact, the older name of Gulpaigan was Garbādakān in Persian, or Jarbadakan in the Arab geographers, and in still earlier times it is said to have been called Samrah, after a daughter of the Keianian queen Humai who is alleged to have founded it. (2) fn. 2 See Yakut, p. 152, for the former statement, and compare Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 152, note, for the latter. Yakut (p. 153) speaks of Jarapādakān' (Gulpaigan) as 'a large and celebrated place. For other allusions to the town see likewise Sadik Isfahani, Geo-graphical Works, p. 86; Mokad-dasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 257, 402 (mere mention); and Ibn Khordadhbah, ed. De Goeje, 6. 20, 155. Consult furthermore Tomaschek, Zur histor. Topog. von Persien, in Sb. Akad. Wiss. zu Wien, 102 (1883), pp. 168, 171. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249 SOURCE for Garbadaqan « GarbādaqānV D3 Gūlpaygān. Iran. Troisième étape sur la route Karag-al-Yahūdiyya. Qud 200; Muq 402. Yaq II, 46-47; Schw. 462, 645, 648, 924. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 40 SOURCE for Ghiul-pai-gan « Il lunedi, con lunga e faticosa gior-nata andammo a mezza ora di notte ad alloggiare in Ghiul-pai-gan, città simile ad Hamadan, ma più piccola; ... Attraver-sammo la città per mezzo, da un capo all'altro, che non era aucora scuro; ed usciti di là fuor delle mura, alloggiammo in un chiervan-serai nuovo, non ancor fornito e di bella fabbrica:[On Monday, after a long and tiring day, we went at half past midnight to lodge in Ghiul-pai-gan, a city similar to Hamadan, but smaller; ... We crossed the city from one end to the other, before it was dark yet; and once outside the walls, we lodged in a new, not yet furnished, and beautifully built church.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 449 SOURCE for Ghulpaigan « Ghulpaigan » in {map#410 Carte de Perse, Lisle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726; Covens et Mortier, 1742, David Rumsey Map Collection list no: 4638.082} SOURCE for Gilpaigon « We reached Gilpaigon by eight o'clock in the morning ; a journey estimated at seven farsangs from Dour. The country, for several miles as we approached the town, gave evidence of an industrious and flourishing people. Corn, melons , castor, and other products of good husbandry, enriched its fields and gardens ; which, on one side , only terminated at the rocky walls of the mountain » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 66 SOURCE for Golpayagan SOURCE for Golpigan « The 7th, eight p. to Golpigan, [Chulpaigan.] » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 218 SOURCE for Goolpyegan « Goolpyegan, for such is the most general way in which the name of the place is pronounced, contains at present about two thousand dwellings, and from five to six thousand inhabitants. The people are all Sheeah Moslems, and there are neither Jews nor Christians resident among them. Here are three poor mosques, a small and dirty bath, five khans, and several long ranges of covered streets where the bazaars are held, and the chief trades carried on. A manufacture of coarse cotton cloth and thread also exists here; but no other articles are produced, except for the immediate supply of the town itself. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 182 SOURCE for Gulpaigan « Gulpaigan is a town that was sited by the famous Italian traveller Pietro della Valle on his way to Isfahan three hundred years ago. He says that 'it resembles Hamadan, but is smaller,'and that its name is composed of the three words gul, pãi, and gān - which is merely a popular etymology. (1) fn. 1 Pietro della Valle, Viaggi, 1. 449; Travels, ed. Pinkerton, 9. 21. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249 SOURCE for Gulpaygan « GarbādaqānV D3 Gūlpaygān. Iran. Troisième étape sur la route Karag-al-Yahūdiyya. Qud 200; Muq 402. Yaq II, 46-47; Schw. 462, 645, 648, 924. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 40 SOURCE for Gurbayigan Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 92 F3 Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] [accessed 29 Aug 2025] SOURCE for Jarbadakan « s a matter of fact, the older name of Gulpaigan was Garbādakān in Persian, or Jarbadakan in the Arab geographers, and in still earlier times it is said to have been called Samrah, after a daughter of the Keianian queen Humai who is alleged to have founded it. (2) fn. 2 See Yakut, p. 152, for the former statement, and compare Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 152, note, for the latter. Yakut (p. 153) speaks of Jarapādakān' (Gulpaigan) as 'a large and celebrated place. For other allusions to the town see likewise Sadik Isfahani, Geo-graphical Works, p. 86; Mokad-dasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 257, 402 (mere mention); and Ibn Khordadhbah, ed. De Goeje, 6. 20, 155. Consult furthermore Tomaschek, Zur histor. Topog. von Persien, in Sb. Akad. Wiss. zu Wien, 102 (1883), pp. 168, 171. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249 SOURCE for Jarbadiqan « Jarbādiqān: It is the Arabicized form of Darbāygän or Gulbaygan. The city is located at 85½ degrees longitude and 34½ degrees latitude, between Karaj and Hamadān. It is said to have been founded by Huma, the daughter of Bahman the Kayānid. It has a moderate climate; water is gotten from a river with the same name. Its grain prod-ucts are fine. There are 50 villages in the district (of Jar-badiqān). The state dues are 4 tomans and 10,000 dinars. Dalijān (text: Dalnjān), a mid-sized city in the past but now in ruins, is one of the villages of this district. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 1 p. 257 SOURCE for Jurbadhakan Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 92 F3 Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] [accessed 29 Aug 2025] SOURCE for Jurbadhqan « the eastern route passed through Jurbadhqan, present-day Gulpayagan.(2)fn. 2 In 1052, Nasir-i Khusraw traveled on the mountain road from Arrajan to 18-fahân; cf. his Safar-nama (Tehran lithog.), pp. 245-46. (The gorge Shamshir-i Barid; the place Lürdaghän, forty farsakhs from Arrajān, on the border of Färs; the town of Khan Lanjan, the name of Sultan Toghril written on its gate; from Khan Lanjan to Isfahan, it is seven farsakhs.) » #2871 W. Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1984, ~ p. 180 SOURCE for Kulpadgun « Kulpadgun » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, } SOURCE for Samrah « s a matter of fact, the older name of Gulpaigan was Garbādakān in Persian, or Jarbadakan in the Arab geographers, and in still earlier times it is said to have been called Samrah, after a daughter of the Keianian queen Humai who is alleged to have founded it. (2) fn. 2 See Yakut, p. 152, for the former statement, and compare Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 152, note, for the latter. Yakut (p. 153) speaks of Jarapādakān' (Gulpaigan) as 'a large and celebrated place. For other allusions to the town see likewise Sadik Isfahani, Geo-graphical Works, p. 86; Mokad-dasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 257, 402 (mere mention); and Ibn Khordadhbah, ed. De Goeje, 6. 20, 155. Consult furthermore Tomaschek, Zur histor. Topog. von Persien, in Sb. Akad. Wiss. zu Wien, 102 (1883), pp. 168, 171. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249

R161-006 Banishun
R161-006 Banishun : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Barmshan , Vaneshan , Vanishan , Vanshan , وانشان ,
VARIANT names: Banishun , Oniscion , Vaneshan , Waneshoon , Wanishun ,
SOURCE for Banishun
« Our halt for the night was at Banishun, or Wanishun, called Oniscion' by Pietro della Valle. (1)
fn. 1 Pietro della Valle, Viaggi, 1. 450; Travels, ed. Pinkerton, 9. 21. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 251
SOURCE for Oniscion
« Il martedi andammo a posarci in Oniscion, in casa di certe donne molto cortesi, belle e garbate; particolarmente una chiamata Agà-Bibicè, che per avere il marito troppo vecchio, non faceva mai altro che sospirare, con gran compassione di chiunque l'udiva. [On Tuesday we went to rest in Oniscion, at the home of some very courteous, beautiful, and polite women; in particular, one named Agà-Bibicè, who, because her husband was too old, never did anything but sigh, to the great pity of all who heard her.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 450
SOURCE for Vaneshan
SOURCE for Waneshoon
« In about an hour and half after our leaving Goolpyegan, we had opposite to us, on the left of our road, a small village called Sefeeabad, and in another hour we entered the town of Waneshoon. This was seated in a valley, with a lofty hill hanging over it on the west. It contained about eight hundred houses, many gardens, and a mosque, with an octagonal and conical dome rising from the centre. The exterior of this had been once ornamented with coloured tiles, chiefly blue ; but the outer coating having fallen gradually to decay, there remained only the interior brick-work with a few patches of the tiles on it. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 185
SOURCE for Wanishun

R161-007 Khonsar
R161-007 Khonsar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Khansar , Khavansar , Khonsar , Khunsar , Khvansar , Khvonsar , Shahr-e Khvonsar , خوانسار ,
VARIANT names: Consar , Hauristan , Humanjan , Humengjan , Hunagan , Hunsar , Khansar , Khonidjan , Khonsar , Khuansar ,
SOURCE for Consar
« At several farsangs ' distance from our present quarters , and to the south- west , lies the ancient town of Consar, or Khonsar, situated in a narrow valley on the slopes of two parallel chains of hills. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 70
« De Comba à Confar, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Hauristan
« Für Hauristän (1) ergabe sich dann eine Lage in der Nähe von Khonsar.fn. 1 See above (I) S. 23. [For Hauristän (1), this would suggest a location near Khonsar.
fn. 1 See above (I) p. 23.] »
#1717 Schwarz, Paul, Iran im Mittelalter nach arabischen Geographen, O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, 1896 ~ p. 190
SOURCE for Humanjan
« From Hamadān , Rāman 7 , Wardkard 10 , Karaj 10 , Burj 12 , Ḥūmanjān 10 , Iṣbahān 30. Through desert. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 1 p. 262
SOURCE for Humengjan
« Ab Hamdan ad Ramen 7, inde ad Vedkerd 10, inde ad Kerodsch 10, inde ad Beredsch 12, inde ad Humengjan 10, inde ad Ispahan per desertum 20. [From Hamdan to Ramen 7, thence to Vedkerd 10, thence to Kerodsch 10, thence to Beredsch 12, thence to Humengjan 10, thence to Ispahan through the desert 20.] » #3175 Katib Çelebi, Matthias Norberg, Gihan numa geographia orientalis · Volume 1, Gothorum, 1818 ~ vol. 1 p. 390
SOURCE for Hunagan
« HünagänV D3 # Hunsar au Sud de Gulpaygän. Iran. Etape sur la route d'al-Karag à Isbahān. I 196, 197; H 360.Yaq II, 500; Schw. 650, 926. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Hunsar
SOURCE for Khansar
SOURCE for Khonidjan
« De Bordj à Khonidjan خونیجان village, 30 milles; [From Bordj to Khonidjan (خونیجان village), 30 miles;] » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 2 p. 166
SOURCE for Khonsar
« This garden spot gave us a foretaste of the still greater attractions of Khonsar, where we arrived on the following morning. Khonsar left on my mind the impression of terraced hills, abundant streams, green foliage, and blossoming fruit trees. The town is picturesquely situated in a long and narrow gorge between high hills and through this passage it winds its way for five or six miles, now at the base of the mountains and now climbing over their spurs. It is a settlement of some twelve thousand inhabitants and is believed to date back to the time of Alexander, who is thought to have marched through it on his way to Ecbatana (2). In Persian the name is written as Khuansar, and Yakut says that the town had the reputation of being the birthplace of several minor poets. (3) In addition to its romantic site and historic associations Khonsar is a place that does a thriving business in cotton goods,fn. 2 Ker Porter, Travels, 2. 70; Zolling, Alexanders des Grossen Feldzug in Central-Asien, p. 79, Leipzig, 1875.fn. 3 Yakut, p. 195; cf. Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. p. 195, note, and also Sadik Isfahani, p. 94; Tomaschek-op. cit. p. 170. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 251
SOURCE for Khuansar
« In Persian the name is written as Khuansar, and Yakut says that the town had the reputation of being the birthplace of several minor poets. (3)
fn. 3 Yakut, p. 195; cf. Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. p. 195, note, and also Sadik Isfahani, p. 94; Tomaschek-op. cit. p. 170. »

R161-008 Kurd Balah
R161-008 Kurd Balah : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kard-e Bala , Kord `Olya , Kord-e `Olya , Kurd ,
VARIANT names: Kard-e Bala , Kurd Balah ,
SOURCE for Kard-e Bala
SOURCE for Kurd Balah
« Halting only for a night at Kurd Balah, and another at Hajiabad, I arrived early in the forenoon of the following day within sight of this ancient shrine of the Fire-Worshippers, which is commonly known as the Atash Kadah or Atash Gah near Isfahan. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 252

R161-009 Hajiabad
R161-009 Hajiabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013378 coordinate: lat 32.651833 long 51.250027
NIMA/GNS names: Hajiabad , Hajjiabad , حاجی آباد ,
VARIANT names: Hajjiabad ,
SOURCE for Hajjiabad
« Halting only for a night at Kurd Balah, and another at Hajiabad, I arrived early in the forenoon of the following day within sight of this ancient shrine of the Fire-Worshippers, which is commonly known as the Atash Kadah or Atash Gah near Isfahan. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 252

R161-010 Isfahan
R161-010 Isfahan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013426 coordinate: lat 32.657218 long 51.677608
NIMA/GNS names: Aspadana , Esfahan , Esfehan , Isfahan , اصفهان ,
VARIANT names: al-Yahudiyya , A-su-pau-han , Esfahan , Gabæ , Hispaham , Hispahan , Hispahone , Isbahan , Isfahan , Ispahan , Ispahaun , Ispahawne , I-ssi-fa-hang , Julfa , Sipahan , Spaan , Spahan , Spahaune , Spahawn , Spahone , Ya-ssi-pau-hien ,
SOURCE for al-Yahudiyya
« al-Yahūdiyya V D3 La ville actuelle d'Isfahan. Iran. Ce toponyme désigne en principe la moitié Ouest d'Isbahän, mais il est souvent employé pour dési-gner la capitale (qasaba) tandis qu'Isbahān désigne la circonscription (kūra). I 198, 199; Η 362; Hur 58; Y 274; R 90(g); Muq 7, 23, 26, 51, 388, 389, 397, 398, 399(d), 400, 401, 402, 457-58, 459, 491 ?. Yaq IV, 1045; LS 203-204; Schw. 586 + index. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 45
SOURCE for A-su-pau-han
« same as Ya-ssi-pau-hien in Amoy dialect » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Esfahan
SOURCE for Gabæ
#836 p. 13
SOURCE for Hispaham
« Prés huit heures de courſe nous aurivâmes ſur les dix heu res du matin à Hiſpaham. [After nearly eight hours of racing, we arrived at Hispaham around ten o'clock in the morning.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 77
SOURCE for Hispahan
« And so we arrived at Hispahan. Hispahan is one of the greatest Cities in Persia, where the King sometimes keepeth his residencie. The people are industrious and curious in all Sciences, but especially in weaving Girdles and Shashes, in making of Velvets, Sattens, Dammasks, very good Ormuzines, and Persian Carpets of a wonderfull fine-nesse. Here you may buy all manner of Drugs, and Spices, and Turkeses, with store of Pearles, Diamonds, and Rubies, as also all sorts of Silkes, as well wrought, as raw. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 pp. 84-5
SOURCE for Hispahone
« This daye we came from Hispahone [Ispahan], being the last of Aprill, to Botoon [?J 1 som two leauges from the citye.
fn. 1 Not traced. Della Valle gives Bertabad in this neighbourhood. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 45
SOURCE for Isbahan
SOURCE for Isfahan
« Iṣfahān 4. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
« and from the village of Sin it is 4 leagues to Isfahan city » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« finally 4 leagues to Isfahan. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 167
« I felt almost inclined to question my eyes when I actually caught sight of the ruined fire-temple. The deserted shrine stands on the top of a hill which rises about seven hundred feet sharply above the plain at a distance of three or four miles from Isfahan. The ascent is by a winding path which starts from the southeastern slope of the elevation and proceeds by a series of natural steps formed by ledges of the unhewn rock. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 253
« Inside the shabby gateway the road to Julfa lies among rows of mean mud houses, heaps of ruins, and shabby provision bazars; and that mile or more of Isfahan was the one disagreeable part of the journey. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 244
« The aggregate distance from Yezd to Isfahan I computed to be a hundred and seventy-seven miles. The course principally west, and the road good. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 423
« je ne parlerai dans cette route que de mon dernier voyage, lorsque je partis d'Ispahan pour les Indes le vingt-quatrième de février 1665. [I will only speak in this passage of my last voyage, when I left Isfahan for India on the twenty-fourth of February 1665.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Ispahan
« avoir fait trois lieuës dans des campagnes graffes et fertiles on arrive à Ifpahan. [Having traveled three leagues through rough and fertile countryside, one arrives at Ifpahan.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73
« Et de la a Ispahan اصفهان sans aucune ville dans l'intervalle, go milles. [And from there to Isfahan (اصفهان), with no town in between, 6 miles.] » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 2 p. 166
« At last we emerged from the bazaars into the fine spacious square called Meydán- i- Shah. On our right hand as we entered it was the 'Alí Kápí (Supreme Gate), which is the palace of the Zillu ' s -Sultán, the Prince Governor of Isfahan, of whom I have already spoken » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 196
« We were conducted through several streets, through the Maidan, and before the Kings Pa|lace, to that part of the Suburbs which is called Tzulifa, where we were lodg'd in the Quar|ter of the chiefest of the Armenian Merchants, who are Christians, and have their habitations there. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197
« the 16. of Ianuary I left Ispa|han, with a retinue of three persons, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
« HAving stay'd the most part of 2 Days at Ruk, we set forward again, and on the 19 we came to the long-wishd-for Ispahan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 313
« Reise von Isfahan nach Persepolis und Schinas anno 1683 in November [Journey from Isfahan to Persepolis and Schinas in November 1683] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 85
« je me résolus de me rendre à Ispahan, le plus tôt que je pourrois, et j'y arrivai le 2 juillet, fatigué et abattu autant qu'on le peut être. [I resolved to go to Isfahan as soon as I could, and I arrived there on July 2nd, as tired and dejected as one can be.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 91
« From Guz to Ispahan through cultivated plains. Road crossed by numerous streams of water » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Ispahaun
« After we had received their Complements, they undertook to be both our Guide and Guard to Ispahaun, Three Miles farther, defending us against the unwary Insults of Thieves, with which this place is infested » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 239
SOURCE for Ispahawne
« The twenty fourth day, we entred into the City where wée staied eleuen or twelue daies.This City of Ispahawne, is a gallant City, and one of the principall Cities of Persia, and aboundeth in traffique of all sorts of Merchandize. There are ma|ny great Surroies, where are houses made of purpose for the laying in and kéeping of Merchants goods, and to harbour and lodge themselues and their Camels Horses or other Cattle, and prouision; the profits of which Surroies redound to the King only. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 53
SOURCE for I-ssi-fa-hang
« name written in the Yaun period » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Julfa
« From Daulatabad to Julfa 22¾ miles. » #3529 Henry Blosse Lynch, Across Luristan to Ispahan, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, London, 1890 vol. 12:no. 9:pp. 533-553 ~ p. 551
« #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ » #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ p. 170
SOURCE for Sipahan
« (2) The city of Isfahan (Sipahān) consisted of two parts, Shahristān (also called al-Madina and Djayy, evidently the seat of the governor) and Djahüdhān (Arabicised: al-Yahūdiyya, i.e. the old Jewish quarter). See Hudud al-'alam, 131; al-Istakhri 198-9; Yākūt, 343. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 9 p. 220
SOURCE for Spaan
« 3 The city of Spaan, Spahan, or Ispahan, by the Arabians called Isfahan, situated in the southern part of Persian Irak, is well known as the magnificent capital of the kings of the Sefi family, which, espe- cially during the reign of Shah Abbas II., exceeded in splendour, as well as extent, most Asiatic cities. It fell under the dominion of the Moghuls in 1221, and was taken, plundered, and nearly destroyed by Tamerlane in 1387. » #3318 ed. Thomas Wright trans. Marsden, The Travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian, The Translation of Marsden Revised, with a Selection of his Notes, H.G. Bohn, London, 1854 ~ p. 49 fn. 3
« We remained in this city of Spaan with His Majesty until the 25th of this month, during which time we were invited by His Majesty to frequent banquets. Spaan appears to be a very convenient city. It is situated in a plain abounding with all kinds of provisions. It is said that, as the city refused to surrender, much of it was destroyed after it had been taken. It is surrounded by a wall of earth like the others. From Tauris to Spaan is a twenty-four days' journey, through a country entirely belonging to Persia, consisting of a very arid plain with salt water in many places. » #383 Barbaro, J. and Contarini, A., Travels to Tana and Persia, Hakluyt Society:Burt Franklin, Cambridge:New York, 1873:1963-6, ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Spahan
« December 1.-I hired 125 Camells to carry mine and Mr. Robert Dowglasse's Bales, at Mahmoodies 80 for 100 Maunds Tauris, to Bagdat, and 13 mules to carry our luggage, at Mah-moodies 90 per 100 Maunds Tauris.¹December 13. This day I left Spahan, and began my journey towards Aleppo, by way of Bagdat. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 213
« La ville de SPAHAN autresfois appellée, comme veulent aucuns Hecatompyle, eft fort grande; mais elle n'a point de for-tereffe, ny aucun beau palais, elle n'a pas fi grande difette d'eau comme CASBIN, mais elle a auffi beaucoup plusbeſoin de bois. [The city of Spahan, formerly called, as some would have it, Hecatompyle, is very large; but it has no fortress, nor any beautiful palace, it does not have as large a water supply as Casbin, but it also has much more need of wood.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 134
« siendo cosa increible el grande numero de estas naciones que en la ciudad de Spahan está rrecogido, no cabiendo en los muchos y grandes carauasares que en la giudad ay, por no tener casas propias en que biuir. [It is incredible how many of these nations are gathered in the city of Spahan, not fitting in the many large caravanserais in the city, because they have no houses of their own to live in.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 pp. 24-5
SOURCE for Spahaune
« 5 February 1707/8. Departed from Spahaune [Isfahan] the 5th February at 3 after-noon. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Spahawn
« One of the oldest and best accounts of Ispahan, soon after the period of Shah Abbas's government, is given by Sir Thomas Herbert, an English traveller, who visited it in 1627, and parts of whose description are so curious as to be worth transcribing, especially as his book is not now so easy of access to the general reader. He says:-'The imperial city of Spahawn is in thirty-two degrees thirty-nine minutes north; is seated in the kingdom of Parthia, in a fair plain and pleasant horizon. It is by some called Spaan, and by others Spahan and Hispahan, as their several dialects concorded. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ note p. 231
« ISFAHAN-Telegraph Station. In the Persian province of Irak-Ajim; pronounced "Spahawn." » #3181 Bradshaw's Through Route Overland Guide to India, and Colonial Handbook, W. J. Adams and sons, 1884 ~ p. 253
« The tenth of Aprill wee fet out from Spahawnet a village fix miles South from Spahawn: when we had gone a farfang (three miles,) we were ſtayed by the way to taſte a banquet in a ſpacious garden of the Kings, whither the Engliſh Agent and ſuch other Chriftian Mechants as were in Spaharon came out to attend our Lord Ambaffador: a mile neerer the Citie, the Vifier, the Sultan of Spahawn, Meloyembeg and Hodge nazar the Armenian Prince with foure thousand horse and innumerable foot, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Spahone
« The 27th daye we came to on of the Kinges garde[n]swch is wthin an English mile of the citie of Spahone [Ispahan], wher we rested this daye and layd in a muskeet [mosque] this night, weh is ouer against the garden gate. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Ya-ssi-pau-hien
#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12

R161-011 Marg : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013208 coordinate: lat 32.50966 long 51.708208
NIMA/GNS names: Margh , Marq , Morgh , مرغ , مرق ,
VARIANT names: Marg , Marq ,
SOURCE for Marg
« By Marg chapar khaneh I fell in with some Persians, with whom I chatted, » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 278
« but, as it was already late in the afternoon when we started, we made only ten or twelve miles, covering the distance at a swift gallop, and spent the night at the hamlet of Marg. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 276
« I was compelled, therefore, to abandon all hopes of getting further than Marg, some three parasangs distant from Julfá, and to resign myself to an idle morning. It was not till after lunch that all was ready for the start, and, bidding farewell to my kind host, Dr. Hoernle, I mounted the sorry steed assigned to me, and, with my mind filled with delightful anticipations, turned my face in the direction of Shíráz. Karapit, the head servant of the Mission, accompanied me on my way as far as the "Farewell Fountain" (rendered conspicuous by the solitary tree which stands beside it), and even for some distance beyond it, till the post-house of Marg appeared in the distance. Then he turned back, wishing us a good journey; and a monotonous ride of an hour or so brought us to our halting-place (which the muleteers, for some reason, had changed from Marg to a village somewhat further on, called Kala-i-Shúr) while it was still early in the afternoon. We put up at a dilapidated caravansaray, where nothing occurred to vary the monotony, except the arrival, some time after sunset, of a party of Jewish minstrels and dancing-boys, who were, like ourselves, bound for Shíráz. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 221
SOURCE for Marq

R161-012 Yezdikhast
R161-012 Yezdikhast : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Izad Khast , Izad Khvast , Samirum , Yazd-e Khast , Yazd-e Khvast , Yezd-i-Khast , ایزد خواست ,
VARIANT names: Esduchos , Hiesdegas , Izad Khast , Izdehast , Jesdagaes , Jesdagaes , Jesdegas , Jurgestan , Lurgisthan Carauansera , Yazd-i-Khost , Yazdikhwast , Yes-de-gas , Yes-de-Kast , Yezdikhast , Yezd-khast , Yudacoss ,
SOURCE for Esduchos
« The Day alter we Marched Two and Thirty Miles to Esduchos (2): But before we exchanged Degurdu for this place, we accosted a Black Marble Mountain, fn 2 Herbert (148), writing Yezdicaws, is nearer the original name of this remarkable place than Fryer. It is Yezdikhast, explained by old writers to be a Pehlevi word signifying "God willed it." It has been described by many writers. "Yezdikhast is, truly enough, built on the top of a remarkable rock, and this rock does stand in the middle of a deep valley: but the latter, so far from being a valley in the ordinary acceptation of the term, is a deep gash or trench cut down to a depth of over 100 feet, without the slightest warning, in the middle of the plain, the edge being as clearly defined as Shakespeare's Cliff at Dover. One is almost on the brink of the gully before one is aware of its ex-istence. At the bottom flows a swift and dirty stream towards the east. ...I own I should never myself have detected any analogy to the hang-ing gardens of Babylon" (Curzon, ii, 66 ff.). Compare Goldsmid, 196. Illustrations will be found in Curzon (ii, 66): Goldsmid (226): Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles (330). It is the Yezdecas of Tavernier (246), who quotes a common proverb: "That to live happy, a Man nust have a wife ci Yezd, eat the bread of Yezdecas, and drink the wine of Schiras." Browne (p. 224) writes the name Yezdi Khwāst, which is doubtless correct, adding that "what is called the sar-hadd, a sum-mer road, bears to the south-west into the mountains; while the garmsir, or winter road, crosses the chasm or valley below Yezdikh-wást, and trends towards the south-east." The former was Fryer's route. See also on these routes, Goldsmid, 192. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 233
SOURCE for Hiesdegas
« A 15, dia de Pasqua, se hizo jornada en Hiesdegas, despues de auer andado con la carauana grandes ocho leguas, [On the 15th, Easter Day, a journey was made to Hiesdegas, after having traveled with the caravan a great eight leagues,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 13
SOURCE for Izad Khast
« The third march from Surmek, however, brought me to a place which deserves more notice-Yezdikhast. 'Shiraz,' says an old Persian proverb, 'is famous for wine, Yezdikhast for bread, and Yezd for women.' But there is more than bread to see at Yezdikhast. Truly it is one of the most extraordinary villages of the world From ofon eg the trolladas » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 272
SOURCE for Izdehast
« La notte, levata la luna, si riprese al solito il viaggio: ma fatte solamente quattro leghe, il mercoledi, più di un'ora innanzi giorno, arrivammo alla villa Izdehast, che vuol dir Dio volle: dove convenne fermarsi, perchè non vi era altro luogo da ripo-sare, se non molto lontano. [At night, when the moon had risen, we resumed our journey as usual: but having gone only four leagues, on Wednesday, more than an hour before daybreak, we arrived at the villa Izdehast, which means God willed: where we had to stop, because there was no other place to rest, except very far away.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Jesdagaes
« Diary of 8 February 1707/8.Yudacoss. Yazd-i-Khôst. The Izdekhast of Della Valle (Hak. Soc. ed. III, 296).For a long note on this place see Fryer, op. cit., II, 233. When Thévenot first visited "Yes-de-Kast in 1665 (pp. 120-121), he found it "very little, having but only one street," the place "built upon a narrow rock" and "in manifest danger" of "falling down topsie turvy all at once." In 1667 he found the old village forsaken and another town, the one visited by Scattergood, in process of erection "to the northward." Struys says (p. 339) that the village was formerly called "Jurgestan, now Jesegas," and Hedges remarks of "Yes-de-gas" (I, 209) that it had "a good Caravan Serai, built in a vast great ditch. Le Bruyn (II, 3) has an illustration of the village of "Jesdagaes" as it appeared from the Kårwânsarâî in October 1704. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 46-7
SOURCE for Jesdegas
« Wy namen onze ruft op Jesdegas in ee'n fchoone groote Karrawanfera, ftaande by een brug, daar een fnelle rievier onder doorloopt, Hier heeft men een moorddadig en wederfpannig volk, woonende op zeer hooge klippen, die ftyl afloopen, daz men fchrikt, zoo men na om laag ziet [We took up our rest at Jesdegas in a beautiful, large Karrawanfera, standing by a bridge, under which a swift river flows. Here they have a murderous and unruly people, living on very high cliffs, which slope down so steeply that one is frightened when one looks down.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260
SOURCE for Jurgestan
« That day we travailed 7 Dutch Miles and came at night to a Village formerly called Jurgestan, now Iesegas. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 329
SOURCE for Lurgisthan Carauansera
« The 21. I travell'd 10. leagues, to a Carauansera, cal'ed Iurgisthan, very ill way, and so much the more incommodious, by reason of the wind and snow, which hindred me very much. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Yazd-i-Khost
SOURCE for Yazdikhwast
« and thence 7 to Yazdikhwāst village. Total: from Qūmishah to Yazdikhwāst 12 leagues, and from Isfahan 26 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
« From this point we could clearly see before us a small conical hill, beyond which lay the hamlet of Yezdikhwást, which I was so anxious to see. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 224
SOURCE for Yes-de-gas
SOURCE for Yes-de-Kast
SOURCE for Yezdikhast
« The second day was a record-breaker; we rode seventy-seven miles in the hours between 5.10 A.M. and 10.45 p.m., when we reached Yezdikhast, one of the most curiously situated places that can be imagined. It is perched on top of a rocky height that looks, as one approaches it, like some gigantic ship that has been turned to stone in the midst of a river bed that has been dry for ages. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 277
SOURCE for Yezd-khast
« Je logeai à Yesdecast (Yezd-hhâsi), château et bourg, situés dans une vallée longue de vingt lieues, sept à l'orient du château, et treize à l'occident, et large de demi-lieue, presque partout. [I stayed at Yesdecast (Yezd-hhâsi), a castle and town, located in a valley twenty leagues long, seven to the east of the castle, and thirteen to the west, and half a league wide almost everywhere.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 204
SOURCE for Yudacoss

R161-013 Abadah
R161-013 Abadah : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Abadeh , آباده ,
VARIANT names: Abade , Abadeh ,
SOURCE for Abade
« About 2 P.M. we arrived at the little town of Abádé, another stronghold of the Bábís. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 232
SOURCE for Abadeh
« Thence through a very difficult pass to Abadeh, situated in the hills, at junctions of Shur and Hajiabad streams » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 59
« Abadeh (Telegraph station) ... From 18 miles road passes walled gardens of Abadeh; the latter is a strong fort, with high brick walls with two tiers of loop-holes, and flanked by well-built burj. It is in form a parallelogram about 350 by 50 yards with two gates connected by a wide street. Part of the houses are inside this fort, which, with the post-house and another walled enclosure, form three sides of a square, the fourth being filled by the unwalled village. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 188
« The man to whom was granted the unprecedented opportunity for performing so transcendental a miracle as his own disappearance and resurrection was the Bab, and one of the centres of his still remaining disciples is Abadeh, the little village to which I journeyed from Surmek.
The Bab was the title of Mirza ali Mahomet, and it signifies 'the Gate.'
The prophet, who, like all his predecessors, thus claimed to be the portal of a royal road to heaven, had turned from commerce to the cure of souls. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 270
« Our third night was passed atthe walled village of Abadah, eleven farsakhs, or forty-two miles, farther on; » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 277

R161-014 Deh-Bid : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Deh Bid , Safashahr , ده بید , صفاشهر ,
VARIANT names: Deh Bid , Deh-Bid , Dehebeth ,
SOURCE for Deh Bid
« Deh Bid (Telegraph station). ... then crossing a barren moorland descends to Deh Bid. A telegraph office and post-house, but no village. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 189
SOURCE for Deh-Bid
« and the fourth at the small settlement of Deh-Bid, with poor quarters, but the convenience of a telegraph office. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 277
SOURCE for Dehebeth
« De li a tre zornate se viene ad una villa chiamata Dehebeth,330) in la qual el se lavora terre e lavori de gottoni;fn. 330. Dehebeth = Dihbid, grosso villaggio sulla strada da Isfahan a Shiräz, che dista 288 km. dalla prima città e 207 dalla seconda. Situato a grande altitudine, ha un clima rigido ed è ben noto per essere frequentemente battuto da forti venti. Cfr. E. G. BROWNE, A Year amongst the Persians, London, 1893, p. 136. (Lo.) [From there onwards one comes to a village called Dehebeth, 330) in which land and copper works are worked; fn. 330. Dehebeth = Dihbid, a large village on the road from Isfahan to Shiräz, which is 288 km. from the first city and 207 from the second. Situated at a high altitude, it has a harsh climate and is well known for being frequently buffeted by strong winds. Cfr. E. G. BROWNE, A Year amongst the Persians, London, 1893, p. 136. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 150

R161-015 Meshad-i Murghab
R161-015 Meshad-i Murghab : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Dasht-e Morghab , Mahalleh-ye Mashhad-e Morghab , Meshhed-i-Murghab , Morghab , Murghab , دشت مرغاب , محله مشهد مرغاب ,
VARIANT names: Mashad-i-Murghab , Meshad-i Murghab , Murghab ,
SOURCE for Mashad-i-Murghab
« A steep descent brought us into the fertile plain of the Polvár, where we crossed two of its tributaries, and were delighted to strike the main road and the British telegraph line at Mashad-i-Murgháb. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 80
SOURCE for Meshad-i Murghab
« Finally, at noon on the fifth day, we reached Meshad-i Murghab, the nearest halting-place to the Tomb of Cyrus and the scenes of the past glory of the Achæmenians. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 277
SOURCE for Murghab
« At 20 miles à fine stream is suddenly produced by a spring on the left of the road, which runs with great force, and waters the villages of Kadirabad and Murghab. Both these are large rich villages, the latter having a post-house built against the edge of a dry, flat plateau running out into the valley; the latter is swampy. The best g ground to encamp is above the village. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 189
« Early in the afternoon we descended into the valley of Murgháb, and, passing the hamlet of that name (a well- built and thriving-looking village, pleasantly situated by a beautiful clear streamlet) halted at Dih -i-Naw, some three miles farther on. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 238

R161-016 Mervdasht
R161-016 Mervdasht : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Marvdasht , مرودشت ,
VARIANT names: Mardasch , Mardasch , Margascan , Marvdasht , Merdast , Mervdasht ,
SOURCE for Mardasch
« The next day we set forward on our Journey and travailing a good pace, came pretty early into the village Mardasch, where we resolved to rest a little being almost wearied out with the badness of the Way and Weather. The next morning I took a turn without Town on Horse-back, with one of our Company; where having rode about 2 Miles to the Eastward from the Town, we descried a huge fair Pile of Building, » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 331
« The 26. I got five Leagues to the Village of Siwan; The 27. six Leagues to Mardasch. This last Village is very famous, for the Antiquities which are to be seen near it, and which obliged us, as they do all that travel that way, to make a particular Observation thereof. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Margascan
« porque él queria llegar otro dia á Margascan, quatro leguas de aquella aldea, por ver las grandes y tan nonbradas ruinas de Chilminara [because he wanted to arrive another day at Margascan, four leagues from that village, to see the great and renowned ruins of Chilminara] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 369
SOURCE for Marvdasht
« Neere Chilmanor is Mardafb (corruptly by the Spaniard cald Margatean) a Towne of two hundred houſes, the people fo fuperftitious that fuch houfes as we came in they perfumd and ayr'd (fome were happily fired) for that we were not Muffulmen. From this place to Sheraz are ten farfangs; » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 147
SOURCE for Merdast
« Mon guide me conduifit vers le foir à Merdaft, un mauvais Village à une Heue de ces ruines vers le fud. [My guide led me to the village of Merdaft, a small village about an hour from these ruins. ] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 98
SOURCE for Mervdasht
« To reach Persepolis, we strike southward toward the Plain of Mervdasht. The road runs at first through a mountain gorge, picturesque in wild scenery, but dangerous at night because of its rugged track and robbers. The river Polvar, the classic Medus, pushes its way with turbulent stream through the craggy defile. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 295

R161-017 Zargan
R161-017 Zargan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Zargan , Zarghanak , Zarqan , زرقان ,
VARIANT names: Dih Gurg , Serghoen , Sergoen , Zargan , Zarghan , Zarghun , Zargoen , Zargoone , Zarkan , Zercon , Zerghun , Zergone , Zergoon , Zerraghoon , Zurgoon ,
SOURCE for Dih Gurg
« The first stage is of 6 leagues, from Shiraz to Dih Gurg in the Shiraz District; the second stage is 6 leagues to the head of the Bridge over the River Kür; ...
fn. 1 Neither Dih Gurg, "Wolf Village," nor the Bridge over the Kur now exists; Shahriyar's Kiosk must have been at or near modern Ujan; »
#3077 G. Le Strange, Description of the Province of Fars, in Persia, at the Beginning of the Twelfth Century A.D. from the MS. of Ibn-al-Balkhi, in the British Museum Asiatic Society Monographs XIV, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1912 ~ p. 78
« thence 5 to Dih Gurg (Wolf Village), » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
SOURCE for Serghoen
« Continuing from Chihil Minar, Stodart arrived at Zarghan, which was a poor town situated on the side of a hill one English mile from Rustam's tomb (i.e. Naqsh-i Rustam, the tomb of Darius I), which had been turned into a mosque. Here was good water. Speelman recorded that the village was divided into two parts, and built close to the slope of the moun-tain. Fryer called it a poor village inhabited by mule-teers, while Hedges considered it a large and exceed-ing pleasant one, in a plain full of vineyards. (75) 75 Stodart, p. 76 (Zargoone); Speelman, pp. 105-6 (Serghoen); Fryer, vol. II. p. 218 (Zergoon); Hedges, p. 208 (Zurgoon); KA 1793, fol. 1013b (Sergoen); Winninx, 3 November (Sergoe); de Silva y Figueroa, p. 140 (Zargan); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 301 (Sergoen); Carmelites, loc. cit. (Band-i Amir, Zarghan; karavansaray). » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Sergoen
SOURCE for Zargan
« A few miles beyond the Bendemeer bridge the village of Zargan, or Zergun, lies nestled at the foot of a mountain, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 321
« which form the eastern limit of the valley, we reached Zargán, our last stage before Shíráz, about dusk. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 256
« Por esta causa no se caminó entonces mas de tres leguas pequeñas, parando tenprano en una pequeña y pobre aldea llamada Zargan, al pie de un alto monte, á donde el Enbaxador, con parte de sus criados, se recogieron en una mezquita en que auia rrazonable hospedaje, que-dando la caravana y demas gente en el canpo. [For this reason, they did not travel more than three short leagues, stopping early in a small and poor village called Zargan, at the foot of a high mountain, where the Ambassador, with some of his servants, stayed in a mosque where there was reasonable lodging, while the caravan and other people remained in the countryside.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 368
SOURCE for Zarghan
SOURCE for Zarghun
« 3rd March, Zarghun. As my route from Shiraz would not lead in the direction of Persepolis, and as it seemed a pity to let slip an opportunity of seeing such a famous place, I determined to spend four days in an excursion thither, » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 57
« , reaches the town of Zargun. The latter is a long straggling place of 2,000 houses, mostly one-storeyed, with flat roofs, built close up to a chain of barren, rocky mountains on the castern margin of a low plain, full of gardens and cultivation. The main street is narrow and filthy, with a number of shops scattered through it, forming a bazaar said to be well supplied. There is a post-house at the N. end of the town, and two mud enclosures in the main street, serving the purpose of caravansarais. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Zargoen
« Elle y eſt aussi fort large et fort pro fonde; et les bords en font eſcarpez et fort élevez. On y trouve plufieurs fortes de canards, et on la traverſe pour ſe rendre à Persepolis, qui n'en eſt qu'à deux lieuës. Nous arrivames ſur les onze heures à Zargoen, bourg agréablement ſitué entre les montagnes et rempli de jardins, qui abondent en melons, en raifins et en toutes fortes de fruits. [It is also very wide and very deep; and its banks are steep and very high. Several flocks of ducks are found there, and it is crossed to reach Persepolis, which is only two leagues away. We arrived around eleven o'clock at Zargoen, a pleasantly situated town nestled among the mountains and filled with gardens, which abound in melons, grapes, and all kinds of fruit.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 259
SOURCE for Zargoone
« I took horse and cam this night to Zargoone [Zarghün], a poor towne vpon the side of a hill wthin an English mile to Rustames howse, wch is now turned to be a muskeet, weh we call a church, and is kept in repayration. Here we picht in the Rices howse, wch is the cheifest man of the towne, hauing traveled 5 lges. of fayre waye crossing the playne of Chelmenar. Here is good water. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 76
SOURCE for Zarkan
« Depuis le pont fusdit, nous avions encore deux lieux, jusqu'à Zarkân. Actuellement ce chemin étoit fort bon; mais après une pluïe de longue durée il est très mau-vais, puisqu'alors toute la plaine eſt ſouvent couverte d'eau. [From the aforementioned bridge, we still had two leagues to go, to Zarkân. Currently, this road is very good; but after a prolonged rain, it is very bad, since then the whole plain is often covered with water.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 135
SOURCE for Zercon
« Passato il fiume, girammo un pezzo intorno alla costa di un monte che avevamo a man sinistra: ed ål fine, entrati in certi bassi valloni, ad ora di mezzogiorno arri-vammo alla villa Zercon che da Cehilminar non è più lontana di sei leghe, [After crossing the river, we went round for a while the side of a mountain which we had on our left hand: and at last, having entered some low valleys, at midday we arrived at the village of Zercon which is not more than six leagues from Cehilminar,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 265
SOURCE for Zerghun
« Zerghun » in {map#1245 in #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ fig. Route-kaart voor de reis van het gezantschap Cunaeus van Bender Abbas (Gamron) naar Isfahan (1652)}
SOURCE for Zergone
« 17th [February) At 11 arrived at Zergone, being 5 farsangs, good way; came over a large bridge, a small river runing under it; 3 farsangs more came over a great quantity of water and mud, had three or four mules stuck in it. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Zergoon
SOURCE for Zerraghoon
« In little more than an hour, passing over a fine small plain covered with flocks and tents, we came to the large village of Zerraghoon, seated at the foot of a steep mass of rock, with thatched houses and sloping roofs. We halted at a caravansera here, for two hours, to repose, and set out again about noon after which we got into a rugged country of bare hills and uninterest-ing aspect. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Zurgoon

R161-018 Shiraz
R161-018 Shiraz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chimaz , Chiraz , Schiras , Shiraz , Siraz , شیراز ,
VARIANT names: Chiras , Chiraz , Chyraz , Giras , Giraz , Schiras , Sciras , Sciraz , Scyras , Sehiras , Shira-its-tsi-ish , Shirass , Shiraz , Siras , Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz , Širaz , Sjiraas , Sjiraas , Stadt Siraes , Syras , Xiras , Xiraz , Zjie-raes ,
SOURCE for Chiras
« dinge alle de omleggende vlekken hooren, en daarvan hij in Chiras aan den gouverneur reekeningh doen moet, [let all the destroyers hear the things, and he must give an account of them to the governor in Chiras,] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 74
« Le 17, j'arrivai à Chiras, foible et défait, [On the 17th, I arrived in Chiras, weak and defeated,] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 90
« Je n'ai point voulu marquer par le compas la route que je tenois , jour par jour, d'Ispalian à Chiras, car c'est presque la même chose chaque jour ; [I did not want to mark with the compass the route I took, day by day, from Ispalian to Chiras, because it is almost the same thing every day;] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 241
SOURCE for Chiraz
« ITINÉRAIRE DE CHIRAZ A SIRAF. De Chiraz à Kafra كفرة village 15 milles.?? » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 1 p. 400
SOURCE for Chyraz
« Chyraz » in {map#1255 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / dressée par P. Lapie... ; gravée par Blondeau..., , 1810, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE C-10435}
« Chyraz » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
« Arrivé à la porte de Chyraz, un individu préposé à je ne sais quoi se jeta sur Alawerdi et le secoua avec violence; on lui demanda 2 krowns, je ne sais à quel titre. Alawerdi résista, mais le préposé s'empara du fusil qu'il portait en bandoulière. Je le laissai faire, bien persuadé que j'en obtiendrais raison. Je fus d'abord à la douane où je déposai mes effets qui furent culbutés,, Dieu sait comme! et me rendis ensuite chez le nabab où je retrouvai mon logement. [Arriving at the gate of Chyraz, an individual in charge of I don't know what threw himself on Alawerdi and shook him violently; he was asked for 2 krowns, I don't know for what reason. Alawerdi resisted, but the attendant grabbed the rifle he was carrying across his shoulder. I let him do it, fully convinced that I would get his way. I first went to customs where I deposited my belongings which were overturned, God knows how! and then went to the nawab where I found my accommodation.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 603
SOURCE for Giras
« GIRAS, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Relações Anais]. [GIRAS, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Annals].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. D-N p. 85
SOURCE for Giraz
« From there they will go to the city of Vargim, and from there to the city of Giraz » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 249
SOURCE for Schiras
« Le seizième de mars à huit heures du matin, je partis de Schiras, et après six heures de marche dans la plaine, qui cesse d'être fertile à une lieue de la ville, [On the sixteenth of March at eight o'clock in the morning, I left Schiras, and after six hours of walking in the plain, which ceases to be fertile a league from the town,] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 310
« J'arrivay à Schiras ſur les fix heures du ſoir ; [I arrived at Shiras around six o'clock in the evening;] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 656
« La Ville de Schiras, où nous arrivames enfin le 4 de Mars, n'eſt qu'à 1 mille de Tſchinar Raddar vers l'Eſt. Nous employames donc dixhuit jours, pour faire le Voyage d'Abuſchäbhr à Schiras, au lieu que fans cela, quelqu'un peut facilement faire ce Voyage en fix jours. La cauſe que nous étions fi longtems en chemin, n'étoit pas ſeulement le mauvais tems et le détour par Kormudſch, mais que la plus part des Marchandises de notre Kaffle, n'étoient chargées que fur des mauvais Anes, qui ne pouvoient faire que de petites journées. [The city of Shiras, where we finally arrived on March 4th, is only one mile east of Tſchinar Raddar.
It therefore took us eighteen days to make the journey from Abuſschäbhr to Shiras, whereas someone could easily make this journey in ten days. The reason we were so long on the road was not only the bad weather and the detour via Kormudſsh, but also that most of the goods in our wagon were loaded only onto poor donkeys, which could only travel for short periods.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 91
SOURCE for Sciras
« . Egli, mentre facemmo dimora a Sciras, non volle che noi ſpendeſsimo, per non offender le leggi dell'oſpitalità; [While we were staying in Sciras, he did not want us to spend money so as not to offend the laws of hospitality; ] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p.263
SOURCE for Sciraz
« Fatta poi notte, di nuovo ci rimettemmo alla via; e il mercoledi, ventidue di giugno, camminate pian piano e molto adagio le due o tre sole leghe che restavano infin alla città di Sciraz, non prima dell'alba ci arrivamnto. [Then when night fell, we set off again; and on Wednesday, the twenty-second of June, you walked slowly and very slowly the only two or three leagues that remained until the city of Sciraz, arriving there not before dawn.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 362
« A due o tre ore di notte facemmo di nuovo levata, e dopo aver camminato tutto il resto della notte, il sabbato, sedici di ottobre, fatte le sci altre leghe che sole restavano a giorno chiaro, levato già il sole, arrivammo ai giardini di Sciraz, la qual città è situata pur in un bel piano circondato quasi d'ogn'intorno da monti, [At two or three o'clock in the morning we rose again, and after having walked all the rest of the night, on Saturday, the sixteenth of October, having skied the other leagues that were left in the light of day, the sun having already risen, we arrived at the gardens of Sciraz, which city is situated on a beautiful plain surrounded almost on all sides by mountains,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 265
SOURCE for Scyras
« Het Landt roudtom Scyras is seer buchtbaar; maar boven al in Wijngaarden/die den Wijn voastrengen / welke dosz geheel Perfien, en selfs daar bupten / voor den besten van de ge heele Werelt gehouden. werdt / zijnde noch geuriger/ krachti ger/en forter als de Canarie-Sck. [The Land of Scyras is very famous; but above all in Vineyards / that supply the Wine / which are entirely Perfian, and even there / held for the best in the entire World. was / being neither more fragrant / more powerful / and stronger than the Canarie-Sck.] » #3243 Jan Janszoon Struys, Drie aanmerkelijke en seer rampspoedige Reysen, Meurs, 1677 ~ p. 354
SOURCE for Sehiras
« Having view'd these Antiquities, which with those of Derbent, were all we met with in our Travels, I prosecuted my jour|ney the 28. of Ianuary, and got that day ten Leagues, to the City of Sehiras. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Shira-its-tsi-ish
see source « Syras »
SOURCE for Shirass
« Dined here and went away for Shirass, being 5 farsangs, bad way up hills and down ; about the middle of the way in a fine plain is a good caravensaroy. Arrjved at Shirass at 8 at night. 21st [February], being Sunday. Went away for Bobbahodge. 9 farsangs good way . » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Shiraz
« This route passed Tarom, Forgh, Rustak, Darab, Darakan, Fasa, Sarvestan and then Shiraz, and from there onwards to Isfahan. This was the normal trade route prior the reign of Shah `Abbas I (1587-1629) . » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 252 and #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 67
« 24th February, Khan-i-Zanyan, 3 farsakhs ; 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. 25th February, Shiraz, 8 farsakhs ; 5.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Next morning early, we saddled our horses for Shiraz. We had thirty-two miles to march, and the road, winding among bare mountain-tops, proved less interesting than any stage since Burazjan. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 45
« next night pitching a farfangh ſhort of Shiraz; where we expected a ceremonious entrance » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 132
« Hastening on towards Shiráz, I met a line inspector on tour, Mr Jefferies, who informed the that there was a riot taking place in the capital of Fárs. Accordingly, with very brief visits to the stupendous monuments of Persepolis, which I fortunately was able to examine carefully five years later, marched rapidly on, and being warned to avoid the town, proceeded to the beautiful Telegraph Garden, where I was most hospitably received by Dr Scully, the entertainer of almost every European traveller in Persia. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 80-81
« and thence in 5 leagues to the city of Shiraz. Total: from Yazdi-khwāst to Shiraz 44 leagues, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
« Further on, we passed the fine tomb of Shah Ameer Hamza, son of the Imaum Moosa; and crossing a bridge over the dry bed of a river, we entered Shiraz before dark. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 287
« Although the city is the capital of the historic province of Fars and by right of inheritance the successor to the glory of Persepolis, the claim which Shiraz can make to eminence by reason of antiquity is not comparable with that of either Hamadan or Rei in Media of old. The general location of the city, it is true, is probably an ancient one, as shown by the vestiges of Achsemenian and Sasanian ruins in the vicinity, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 324
SOURCE for Siras
« The 24th daye about 12 a clok att night we did sett out of the citie of Siras, comonly called by the inhabitans Shiras, and traveling over theplayne, » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p.78
« In our Stay here we had Opportunity to observe Siras, not only by Fame, but indeed to be, second to none, except the Royal City, in the whole Empire: » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 211
« Siras (Shirāz) for each carga half a mahmudi as in Lār » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321
SOURCE for Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz
« fn. 30. Bembo gives three spellings for Shiraz: "Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz." Persepolis is 80 km north of Shiraz. The plain to which Bembo refers is Marv Dasht, and he gives the name "Mircascun" to the town of Zargan. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 298
SOURCE for Širaz
« Širāz VI C4
Id Iran
Métropole (misr) de la province du Fāris et circonscription
IV 391 » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 58
SOURCE for Sjiraas
« Den 11. dito na 2 mylen, aan de voor aan in Sjiraas gelegene Tsaarbag, daar van velen verwelkomt wierd. [The 11th ditto after 2 miles, at the front of Tsarbag located in Shiraas, where many were welcomed.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
« Den 7. dito vertrokken wy van Sjiraas, hadden een goeden weg, en rondom ons veel dorpen. [On the 7th we left Shiraas, had a good road, and many villages around us.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263
« Den 6. dito wierd zyn. Ed: door eenige Armeniers bezogt, door hen met eenige tafel-vrugten beichonken, en 's namiddags door deneerſten ſchryver des Viziers verzogt, om op te zitten, weshalven zyn ed: na Sjiraas vertrok, [On the 6th his Ed: was visited by some Armenians, by whom he was refreshed with some table fruits, and in the afternoon he was requested by the chief scribe of the Vizier to sit on, wherefore his Ed: departed after Sjiraas,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274
SOURCE for Stadt Siraes
« 7 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 384
« 23 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361
SOURCE for Syras
« Persia alla via di levante (A levante, ove prima si trova la città de Syras la quale) li..20., ha populo inumerabile, mercadanti assaissimi, perchè tutti i mercadanti che vengono da le parte di sopra, cioè da Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) e da li in suso (volendo vegnir per la via de la Persia) passano per Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarcanda, la principale città della Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, che Enrico III di Castiglia aveva inviato come ambasciatore a Timur nel 1405, ci ha lasciato una descrizione di Samarcanda quale era ai suoi tempi; cfr. la sua opera Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrariamente a quanto comunemente si crede, Shiraz è una città molto antica. Poco dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, G. Cameron scopri a Persepoli alcune tavolette in lingua elamita, recanti dettagli sulle paghe degli operai ivi impegnati nella costruzione del palazzo di Dario; su una di tali tavolette compare il nome di Shiraz, sotto la forma Shira-its-tsi-ish. Si ha così la prova che la città esisteva già nel periodo degli Achemenidi. In quel tempo, tuttavia, essa era messa in ombra da Persepoli. Sotto i Sasanidi Shiraz fu capitale dell'Ardashir Khurreh, uno dei cin- que distretti in cui era divisa la provincia del Färs. ... [Persia on the eastern road (To the east, where first is the city of Syras which) li..20., has an innumerable population, very many merchants, because all the merchants who come from the upper parts, that is from Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) and from there upwards (wanting to come by the road to Persia) pass through Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarkand, the principal city of Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, whom Henry III of Castile had sent as ambassador to Timur in 1405, has left us a description of Samarkand as it was in his time; cf. his work Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrary to popular belief, Shiraz is a very ancient city. Shortly after the Second World War, G. Cameron discovered in Persepolis some tablets in the Elamite language, containing details of the wages of the workers employed there in the construction of the palace of Darius; on one of these tablets the name of Shiraz appears, in the form Shira-its-tsi-ish. This is evidence that the city already existed in the period of the Achaemenids. At that time, however, it was overshadowed by Persepolis. Under the Sassanids Shiraz was the capital of Ardashir Khurreh, one of the five districts into which the province of Färs was divided. ...] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 142
SOURCE for Xiras
« A 24, vispera de Sancta Catalina martir, despues de auer enuiado delante muy de mañana el Enbaxador su rrecamara y todas las demas cargas, le vinieron á dar auiso como le querian ya salir á reçibir de Xiras, [On the 24th, the eve of Sancta Catalina martyr, after the Enbaxador had sent his chamber and all the other loads in front of him very early in the morning, they came to inform him how they wanted him and to leave to receive Xiras,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 332
« A 5 de Abril, en la tarde, salio el Enbaxador de Xiras, dexando algunos criados suyos con mas de çiento y çinquenta cargas de la pimienta que se lleuaua al rey de Persia, [On April 5th, in the afternoon, the Ambassador of Xiras left, leaving some of his servants with more than one hundred and fifty loads of pepper that he was taking to the King of Persia.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 367
SOURCE for Xiraz
« XIRAZ, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [João de Barros-Da Asia). [XIRAZ, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [João de Barros-From Asia).] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. O-Z p. 287
SOURCE for Zjie-raes
« arriv?mes à minuit au Caravanserai de Babbahad-jie, à 5. lieuës de Zjie-raes. [and arrived at midnight at the Caravanserai of Babbahad-jie, 5 leagues from Zjie-raes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 312

R161-019 Deh-Bid : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Deh Bid , Safashahr , ده بید , صفاشهر ,
VARIANT names: Deh Bid , Deh-Bid , Dehebeth ,
SOURCE for Deh Bid
« Deh Bid (Telegraph station). ... then crossing a barren moorland descends to Deh Bid. A telegraph office and post-house, but no village. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 189
SOURCE for Deh-Bid
« and the fourth at the small settlement of Deh-Bid, with poor quarters, but the convenience of a telegraph office. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 277
SOURCE for Dehebeth
« De li a tre zornate se viene ad una villa chiamata Dehebeth,330) in la qual el se lavora terre e lavori de gottoni;fn. 330. Dehebeth = Dihbid, grosso villaggio sulla strada da Isfahan a Shiräz, che dista 288 km. dalla prima città e 207 dalla seconda. Situato a grande altitudine, ha un clima rigido ed è ben noto per essere frequentemente battuto da forti venti. Cfr. E. G. BROWNE, A Year amongst the Persians, London, 1893, p. 136. (Lo.) [From there onwards one comes to a village called Dehebeth, 330) in which land and copper works are worked; fn. 330. Dehebeth = Dihbid, a large village on the road from Isfahan to Shiräz, which is 288 km. from the first city and 207 from the second. Situated at a high altitude, it has a harsh climate and is well known for being frequently buffeted by strong winds. Cfr. E. G. BROWNE, A Year amongst the Persians, London, 1893, p. 136. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 150

R161-020 Khan-i Khorah
R161-020 Khan-i Khorah : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Khaneh Khowrdeh , Khaneh Khowreh , Khaneh Khowrreh , Khaneh Khowrreh , Khan-i-Khurreh , خانه خوره ,
VARIANT names: Khaneh Khowrdeh , Khan-i Khorah , Khoneh Khoreh ,
SOURCE for Khaneh Khowrdeh
SOURCE for Khan-i Khorah
« and arrived, about five o'clock, at Khan-i Khorah, where the night was to be passed and I could at last strike eastward on the trail to Yezd. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 340
SOURCE for Khoneh Khoreh
« Nothing had been recovered; but I had expected that nothing would.
On we plodded down a dreary pass through the storm, until, at length, we sighted a lonely collection of huts and a white caravanserai, which marked Khoneh Khoreh, and cantered in, to find that the mules which started an hour before us had not arrived. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 246

R161-021 Abarkuh
R161-021 Abarkuh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Abar Qu , Abarghoo , Abarku , Abarkuh , Abarquh , ابر قو , ابرغ , ابرقوه , ابركو , ابرکوه ,
VARIANT names: Abarkuh , Vargari ,
SOURCE for Abarkuh
« do zornate più oltra el se venne ad un logo ditto Vargari, (331) el qual per il passato fu grande terra e bella; de presente fa fogi 1000, et in esso le lavora pur terre e gottoni como di sopra. fn. 331. Vargari. Secondo il Di LENNA, Gisafat Barburs, cit., p. 71, si tratta di Abarqüh. (Ti) [after a few more kilometers he came to a place called Vargari, (331) which in the past was a large and beautiful land; at present it makes 1000 blocks, and in it he works also earth and bricks as above. fn. 331. Vargari. According to Di LENNA, Gisafat Barburs, cit., p. 71, it is about Abarqüh. (Ti)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 150
« he town of Abarkuh, or Abarguh, (Abarkūh) is evidently of great antiquity. The Persians in earlier and later times have commonly pronounced the name as Barküh or Warkūh, understanding it to signify upon the mountain,' or 'over the mountain,' especially when speaking from the standpoint of the desert towns that lie beyond it and are separated from it by hills. (1a) The tenth-century geographer Istakhri (c. A.D. 950) describes the town as follows:-'Abarkuh, or Warkuh, is a fortified city, densely populated, and of about one-third the size of Istakhr. The houses are lattice-worked,and most of the buildings, as well as the buildings at Yezd, are built with colonnades (or vaulted domes). (1) It is a barren place; there are no trees or gardens around it except at a distance, but the soil is productive and the living is cheap.' (2)
fn.1a So my informant, Khodabakhsh Raïs of Yezd; see also the state-ment of Yakut, p. 8, 'the Persians say Varküh for Barkūh, "upon the mountain." Cf. likewise (in De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab.) Istakhri, 1. 126 (Abarkūh), Mokaddasi, 3. 437 (Barküh), and Al-Hamadhani, 5. 203 (Abarkuiah); see also Schwarz, Iran im Mittelalter, p. 17. 1 The Arabic expression muštabekat al-bina, of netted-work buildings,' seems to allude not to the crowding together of the houses, but to the open or trellis-work style of architecture seen in the front of the building. The second term (Arabic word āzāj, note i, p. 351) appears to allude to colonnades or arched galleries. See the pictures of Yezd in Malcolm, Five Years in a Persian Town, pp. 134, 184, 216. But vaulted domes' is the rendering of Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 8 ('cintrée'), and of Schwarz, Iran im Mittelalter, p. 18 ('mit gewölbter Decke'). Such domed mud roofs are common in Persia, as is shown also in some photographs that I have of Yezd and Kashan, but this explana-tion seems to me not so good.2 Istakhri, ed. De Goeje, 1. 126. The Persian version adds to the Arabic a note on the export of fruits from Abarkuh. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 341-2
SOURCE for Vargari
see source « Abarkuh »

R161-022 Deh-Shir
R161-022 Deh-Shir : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Deh Shir Kohneh , Deh Shir-e Kohneh , Deh-e Shir , Deh-i-Shir , Dehshir , Dehshir Kohneh , ده شير كهنه , دهشير كهنه ,
VARIANT names: Deh-e Shir , Deh-Shir , Deisser ,
SOURCE for Deh-e Shir
SOURCE for Deh-Shir
« The sun was well on its way in the western sky when our long, heated march of nearly fourteen hours, without a drop of water to drink, ended at the green oasis of Deh-Shir. The lord of the town extended a kindly welcome in Oriental fashion and provided a hearty meal, served by his Persian servants, one of whom was a eunuch slave. He then conducted me to the terrace on the roof to show me the view over the oasis, the desert, and the hills beyond, expressing a doubt whether any land could compare in beauty with Iran. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 346
SOURCE for Deisser
« Quatro zornate più in là se attrova una villa nominata Deisser(332) et III. zornate di là un'altra villa nominata Taste, (333) da la qual caminando una zornata se trova lex, de la qual habbiamo assai parlato di sopra. fn. 332. Deisser = Dih-i Sar, villaggio situato 48 km. a nord-est di Abarqüh, sulla strada da Dihbid a Yazd. (Lo.)fn. 333. Taste. Sembra trattarsi di Taft, piccola città nel distretto montuoso di Shir-Küh, 40 km. a sud-ovest di Yazd. (Lo.) [Four kilometers further on is a village called Deisser (332) and III. kilometers from there is another village called Taste, (333) from which, walking one kilometer, is found lex, of which we have spoken at length above. fn. 332. Deisser = Dih-i Sar, a village located 48 km. north-east of Abarqüh, on the road from Dihbid to Yazd. (Lo.)fn. 333. Taste. It seems to be Taft, a small town in the mountainous district of Shir-Küh, 40 km. south-west of Yazd. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 150

R161-023 Deh-Zeresh
R161-023 Deh-Zeresh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Darreh Zereshg , Darreh Zereshk , Darreh-ye Zereshk , دره زرشک ,
VARIANT names: Darreh Zereshg , Deh-Zeresh ,
SOURCE for Darreh Zereshg
SOURCE for Deh-Zeresh
« The road led over wild and jagged hills, and the rocks took on fantastic and picturesque shapes in the rich moonlight as our little caravan clambered up and down the rough ways to the pretty hamlet of Deh-Zeresh. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 347

R161-024 Aliabad
R161-024 Aliabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Aliabad , علی آباد ,
VARIANT names: Aliabad , Ali-Abad ,
SOURCE for Aliabad
« In the neighbourhood of Lar are a few villages. At twelve miles we passed the ruins of Tanguni, with a small but well-built caravansarai, now untenanted; the qanat which gave life to the place has been choked some years. Here the plain proper ends in a tangle of dry watercourses and ravines, which extend ten miles, Kahna. 147 and then smooth themselves out into the plain of Aliabad, a circular area surrounded by black rocky hills, with Aliabad village in a tamarisk grove in the middle. Here the Forg and Hormuz roads diverge : we left Aliabad three miles on the right, and turned northward » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ vol. 1 pp. 146-7
« Aliabad » in {map#1203 in #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.) 31:2:152-69 ~ fig. Country between Bandar Abbas abd Siraz}
SOURCE for Ali-Abad
« 16 février. Nous suivons la plaine qui s'élève un peu après un caravansérall ruiné; deux farsangs plus loin, le village d'Ali-Abad; à gauche de la route, à demi-farsang, est un caravansérail. [February 16. We follow the plain which rises a little after a ruined caravanserall; two farsangs further, the village of Ali-Abad; to the left of the road, half farsang, is a caravanserai.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 531

R161-025 Taft : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Taft , تفت ,
VARIANT names: Taft , Taste ,
SOURCE for Taft
« we found quarters; such are the modern glories of Taft. Holy men have lived here in time past. An old dome rises above the trees; it is empty, and the doors are gone, but the roof and walls still show beautiful work in blue and gold, with flowered tiles and fresco painting. Over the door, carved in wood, is the Arabic date, corre- sponding to the Christian year 1268. Hard by stand theruins of the shrine built by Shah Niamat Ullah before he fixed his abode in Mahun. These are buildings of some extent, with the remains of handsome mural decorations. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 272
« As we proceeded on our way the signs of increasing civilization and comparatively fair prosperity grew more and more marked, and about an hour after noonday we reached Taft. This is a well-to-do suburb of Yezd and a place that counts among its population a considerable number of Zoroastrians, mostly gardeners. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 347
« We reached the large and flourishing village of Taft about mid- day, two hours and a half after passing another prosperous and pretty village called Khuráshé . » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 360
SOURCE for Taste
« et III. zornate di là un'altra villa nominata Taste, 333) da la qual caminando una zornata se trova lex, fn. 333. Taste. Sembra trattarsi di Taft, piccola città nel distretto montuoso di Shir-Küh, 40 km. a sud-ovest di Yazd. (Lo.) [and III. kilometers from there is another village called Taste, 333) from which, walking one kilometer, is found lex, fn. 333. Taste. It seems to be Taft, a small town in the mountainous district of Shir-Küh, 40 km. southwest of Yazd. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 150

R161-026 Yezd : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3088569 coordinate: lat 31.897222 long 54.3675 NIMA/GNS names: Yazd , Yezd , يزد , VARIANT names: Gest , Geth , Iest , Iex , Isatichae , Isatis , Issatis , Jesd , Jest , Jex , Kuththa , Yazd , Yesday , Yezd , SOURCE for Gest « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Geth « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Iest « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Iex « Seguendo più oltra trovassemo Iex, 292) terra de mistiero, come sarian la- vori di seda, gottoni e ciambelotti et altri simili. Penserano alcuni che quello ch'io dirò non sia vero e pur è vero, come sa quelli che l'hanno visto. Volta circa miglia.5., è murata, ha borgi grandissimi,fn. 292. Iex = Yazd. Cfr. nota 262. Qui il testo sembra corrotto. Da Isfahan, il Barbaro prosegui costantemente in direzione nord, in compagnia del Contarini, fino a Käshän e a Qum e poi a Tabriz. Ora, lasciata Qum, egli raggiungerebbe all'improvviso Yazd, che dista 740 km. verso sud-est. Tenendo conto di quanto scrive in seguito lo stesso Barbaro, sembra probabile che, dopo essersi separato dal Contarini a Tabriz, egli facesse ritorno a Qum e a Käshän, proseguendo poi per Yazd, Shiriz, Hormuz. (Lo.) [ 1,251 / 5,000 Continuing further we found Iex, 292) a land of mystery, as there would be works of silk, bricks and cinder blocks and other similar things. Some will think that what I will say is not true and yet it is true, as those who have seen it know. It is about 5 miles long, it is walled, it has very large villages, fn. 292. Iex = Yazd. Cf. note 262. Here the text seems corrupted. From Isfahan, the Barbarian continued steadily in a northerly direction, in the company of Contarini, up to Käshän and Qum and then to Tabriz. Now, leaving Qum, he would suddenly reach Yazd, which is 740 km. away to the south-east. Taking into account what Barbaro himself wrote later, it seems probable that, after separating from Contarini in Tabriz, he returned to Qum and Käshän, continuing on to Yazd, Shiriz, Hormuz. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 140 SOURCE for Isatichae owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Isatichae, 54.3675, 31.897223, IR, nkn, exact, 70, tmcIRa0100_036a » assumed to be same as Yaz 12/05/02 « Yezd is a city of considerable antiquity, since its name apparently occurs, under the form of ?σατίχαι (Isatichai), in Ptolemy's Greek geography, where it is named among the few towns of the desert of Carmania. (1) According to Persian tradition, moreover, it must have been known in Alexander's time, having been used by the victorious invader as a place of confinement for his prisoners of war. (2) The common view associates the name Yezd, or Yazd, with Yazdagard I (A.D. 399-420), father of Bahram Gor, probably as the rebuilder rather than the original founder. (3)fn. 1 Ptolemy, Geography, 6. 6. 2. This name is not to be confused with Istakhr (Curzon, Persia, 2. 239).fn. 2 On this latter point (drawn froin Hafiz) and for the common view re-garding Yezd (Yazd) and Yazdagard, see Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, pp. 419-420.fn. 3 For remarks on the name of Yezd and Kathah, see note i at the end of this chapter, p. 351. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 348 SOURCE for Isatis #836 Warrington, John (ed.), Everyman's Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography, J M Dent and Sons Ltd, 1952, ~ p. 13 SOURCE for Issatis « Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder, d. 79 CE), in his Natural History, mentioned a town of the Parthian period called “Issatis”, which would seem to correspond with the tribal name of the Asagarta/Istachae/Sagartians.(15) Some scholars have proposed that Yazd thus began as Issatis (rendered also Isatichae, Ysatis, Yasatis) in Median or Achaemenian times.(16) Pliny, however, asserted that Issatis was situated in a chora (also choara, choarena: ‘district’) near the southern foothills of the Alburz Mountains - this would perhaps be at or close to Simnān (Semnān), meaning with the Alburz range to the north and the Dašt-i Kavir to the south. That location would fit well with Pliny’s statement that Issatis was built on a clifftop, rather than in the long inter-desert oasis valley where Yazd arose.(17) However, because the Sagartians were nomads, their range of habitation may very well have extended from Simnān down to Yazd by the time of the Parthian kings. Their territory would then skirt the Dašt-i Kavir, lying between those two pastoral zones, and permit the single toponym ‘Issatis’ for both locations in pre-Islamic times.(18)fn. 15 Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus), Natural History, ed. and trans. Horace Rackham and others, 10 vols (London: Heinemann, 1938-63): VI, pp. 44, 113. fn. 16 Tomaschek, Wilhelm, “Zur Historischen Topographie von Persien I: Die Strassenzüge der tabula Peutingeriana”, Sitzungsberichte der Philologisch-Historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 102 (Vienna: Gerold, 1883): pp. 145-231, here p. 165; Markwart (Marquart), Josef, “Beiträge zur Geschichte und Sage von Erān”, ZDMG, XLIX (1895): pp. 628-72, here p. 669. fn. 17 As observed by Christensen, Decline: pp. 288-9 note 21. fn. 18 For additional discussion on the tribe’s possible locations and range see also Frye, Richard N., The History of Ancient Iran (Munich: Beck, 1984): here p. 90; Eilers, Wilhelm, “Asagarta”, in EIr, II (1987): p. 701 (updated version at ); and Potts, Daniel T., Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014): pp. 102-8. » #3152 ed. David Durand-Guédy, Jürgen Paul, Roy Mottahedeh, Cities of Medieval Iran, Brill, Leiden, 2020 ~ pp. 222-3 SOURCE for Jesd « Jesd or Yezd; Persia 32.5 N 54.46 E 31 Fd » #3168 Alexander Keith Johnston, Index Geographicus Being a List Alphabetically Arranged of the Principal Places on the Globe... and Their Latitudes and Longitudes, W. Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh, 1864 ~ p. 284 « From Parra we spent eighteene dayes to Jesd, a Citie of Persia, passing through a very desolate countrey. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 85 SOURCE for Jest « Drauff kamen wir in die Stadt Jeſt, worinnen man die Seide in groffer Menge sehr kunstlich arbeitet. Sie ist die Hauptstadt in der Provinz Arach, [We then came to the city of Jeſt, where silk is produced in great quantities and very skillfully. It is the capital of the province of Arach.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 63 SOURCE for Jex « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Kuththa « Information from the Tabula Peutingeriana, which survives as a thirteenth century CE copy of a fourth or fifth century CE illustrated itinerarium,19 and is ascribed to a Roman archetype of the first century BCE, is also valuable for locating ancient Yazd. The Tabula notes a Parthian way station called Cetrora (perhaps derived from chora), along a road heading eastward from Hamadan. The place name Cetrora has been compared with an Islamic era toponym Ka?a/Kata/Kasa, meaning ‘hollow’ and hence ‘valley’ from Old Iranian and Avestan kata-, ‘enclosure’, for Yazd.(20) f. n. 20 Tomaschek, “Topographie”: p. 16. Tomaschek’s etymological suggestion, rather than his incorrect geographical locator, was followed by Williams Jackson, Abraham V., Persia Past and Present (London: Macmillan, 1906): pp. 351-2, but erroneously rejected by Christensen, Decline: p. 288, note 21. The toponym is also pronounced Kuththa, according to Barthold, Wilhelm, An Historical Geography of Iran, trans. Svat Soucek (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984): p. 167. Miller, Konrad, Itineraria romana, (Stuttgart: Strecker and Schröder, 1916): p. 797, linked Cetrora to the village of ?abis (present-day Šādāb in Kirman province) which is much too far to the east. » #3152 ed. David Durand-Guédy, Jürgen Paul, Roy Mottahedeh, Cities of Medieval Iran, Brill, Leiden, 2020 ~ p. 223 SOURCE for Yazd and from Nain to Yezd, where I also lived for a month. And from Yezd I proceeded to Sirjan » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109 SOURCE for Yesday « The 27. day we went some 7. forsongs to a Towne called Yesday. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52 SOURCE for Yezd « Yezd is a city about 2 miles in length from north-west to south-east and 1 miles broad. It is built almost entirely of mud or sun-dried bricks, a few of the better houses as well as some of the mosques and other public buildings being faced with burnt bricks.The fort or ancient city is surrounded by a high mud wall flanked by towers at about 50 yards interval. Outside this high wall runs a low one with a command of about 9 feet over the glacis, and giving a second tier of fire. Outside this lower mud wall runs a ditch with perpendicular unrevetted sides of a width and depth of about 20 feet. The weaker points of the building are defended by round towers connected with the main building by arched bridges; the ditch being widened in places so as to include the towers and yet preserve the same width throughout.The Governor lives in a fortified enclosure - the citadel, which is inside the fort. The citadel is the only part of the defences which are not in a ruinous and unserviceable condition. It is similar in construction to the rest of the fort, and like it, has mud walls about 30 to 40 feet in height. These are about 8 feet thick at the base and taper gradually upwards, till at the parapet the thickness does not exced 1 foot.It is entered by two gate-ways, one being on the north-west and the other on the south-east face. The ditch in each instance is crossed by a permanent single-arched bridge.The fort has evidently been unused as such for many years, the interior being choked up with a mass of houses, through which run nar-row winding streets, some of which are roofed over and so low that it is impossible for a horseman to ride through them. In many places all the interior works have fallen away, leaving lines of loop-holes 15 or 16 feet above the ground, where they are quite useless.The fort contains the Jama Masjid, an ancient building, whose lofty minarets are the first object to strike the eye when viewing the city from a distance. Several of the irregularly built bazars of the city wind in and out of the fort on the south-west side, and as they are roofed over, it is hard to tell whether one is inside or outside. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ pp. 25-26 « This encircling tract of sand, which is nearly thirty miles broad and many more miles long, is bounded on the south and west, and partly on the north, by ranges of rugged hills, while a belt of sand-dunes on the east reaches almost to the walls of Yezd, but is kept back by gardens, whose green tinge affords a welcome contrast to the brown and parched aspect of all around.Yezd is a city of considerable antiquity, since its name apparently occurs, under the form of ?σατίχαι (Isatichai), in Ptolemy's Greek geography, where it is named among the few towns of the desert of Carmania. (1) According to Persian tradition, moreover, it must have been known in Alexander's time, having been used by the victorious invader as a place of confinement for his prisoners of war. (2) The common view associates the name Yezd, or Yazd, with Yazdagard I (A.D. 399-420), father of Bahram Gor, probably as the rebuilder rather than the original founder. (3)fn 1 Ptolemy, Geography, 6. 6. 2. This name is not to be confused with Istakhr (Curzon, Persia, 2. 239).fn 2 On this latter point (drawn fron Hafiz) and for the common view regarding Yezd (Yazd) and Yazdagard see Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, pp. 419-420.fn 3 For remarks on the name of Yezd and Kathah see note i at the end of chapter, p. 351 » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 348 « at twenty miles enter a sandy desert, range of mountains on the left running off across the sandy plain ; at twenty six miles the city of Yezd. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 421 « entered the sandy plain wherein lies the ancient city of Yezd , towards which we wound our way through gardens and cornfields. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 362

R161-027 Hojatabad
R161-027 Hojatabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FRM UFI: -3857836 coordinate: lat 32.153039 long 54.082334
NIMA/GNS names: Hojjatabad , Hojjatabad-e Sofla , حجت آباد , حجت آباد سفلی ,
VARIANT names: Hojatabad , Hojjatabad ,
SOURCE for Hojatabad
« The hamlet of Hojatabad, about twelve miles from Yezd, was the first station for changing horses, and I rested in its spacious caravansarai for about an hour, from one to two in the afternoon. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 402
SOURCE for Hojjatabad

R161-028 Maibud
R161-028 Maibud : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Maibud , Meybod , ميبد ,
VARIANT names: Maibud ,
SOURCE for Maibud
« Sundown found us in Maibud, which Yakut and other early Oriental geographers, who wrote before the thirteenth century, locate at a distance of ' ten farsakhs from the borders of Yezd and the same distance from Akdah.' (2) fn 2 Yakut, p. 555 ; of. also p. 404. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 402
« Yezd to Meybút or Meybud, where I arrived about 2 P.M., after a two hours' halt at Izzábád to visit an acquaintance, ten parasangs. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547

R161-029 Akdah : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Aqda , Aghda , عقدا ,
VARIANT names: Agda , Agdah , Agea Gaurnme , Agea Gaurume , Aghda , Akdah , Hemda (?) , Oogda ,
SOURCE for Agda
« Agda. It is a large village, with a high mud fort, partly in ruins, where we were assigned quarters. Agda is remarkable for its noble caravansarai and abam-bar, built by a merchant of Rasht thirty years ago, and for a large spring in a hollow under the fort. The spring is fed from the mountains, and in a cleft of them, twelve miles distant, a patch of green denotes the village of Hasanabad, watered by a perennial brook. The Zabit of Agda was an old man, and indisposed to receive strangers; nevertheless he did violence to his disposition, and treated us with great civility. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 2 p. 7-8
« Der 29. Julii brachte uns gen Agda, und lieferte uns Datteln/Feigen/überaus grosse Melonen und dieersten Weintrauben. [The 29th of July brought us to Agda, and delivered to us dates, figs, extremely large melons, and the first grapes.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 62
SOURCE for Agdah
« A mid-day halt on this journey was made for an hour at Akdah, or Agdah, which is described by Yakut as 'a town on the borders of the desert of Yezd.' (4)fn. 4 Yakut, pp. 404, 555. The older form of the name is generally given as 'Ukdah in the Arab geographies. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 403
SOURCE for Agea Gaurnme
« Agea Gaurnme Agda (?) » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 1 p. lix
SOURCE for Agea Gaurume
« The llth, three p. to a small castle named Agea Gaurume. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 216
SOURCE for Aghda
« Thence to Aghdá, where we arrived about half an hour after dusk, four parasangs. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547
SOURCE for Akdah
SOURCE for Hemda (?)
« The 10. day we trauelled some 20. forsongs to a Town called Hemda, where are great store of Grapes and Muskmillions. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52
SOURCE for Oogda
« Oogda is a small village of about one hundred and sixty houses, with a good Suraé, situated on the edge of a desert between two ranges of mountains, running north-west and south-east. Here the authority of the governor of Yezd terminates. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422

R161-030 Nu-Gumbaz
R161-030 Nu-Gumbaz : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: FT UFI: -3077219 coordinate: lat 32.683 long 53.3249
NIMA/GNS names: Nau Gumbad , Nau Gumbaz , Now Gombad , Now Gonbad , نو گمبد , نو گنبد ,
VARIANT names: Charbashee , little village , Nao Gumbaz , Nau Gumbad , Nau Gumbaz , Naw-Gunbuz , Nu-Gumbaz , Orrinkca (?) ,
SOURCE for Charbashee
« 26th June. Moved west and west by south, over the desert. At twenty-seven miles, the village of Charbashee. There is a small Suraé here; the water bad, but forage cheap. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422
SOURCE for little village
« The 14. day we went but 4. forsongs to a little village. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52
SOURCE for Nao Gumbaz
« Nao Gumbaz » in {map#1341 in #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.) 3:9:513-46 ~ fig. Map of Khorasan and neighbouring countries}
SOURCE for Nau Gumbad
SOURCE for Nau Gumbaz
« night when we set out on our nine-farsakh march to Naugumbaz. This is sheer desert, and used to be dangerous. A glance at the map will show a great break in the Siyah Kuh hills opposite Agda. Through this break, under the mountain called Siyah Kuh par excellence, Biluchi marauders used to swoop down upon the exposed portion of the Yazd-Isfahan road between Agda and Nain. Naugumbaz fort and caravansarai are midway, and caravans arriving safely there were accustomed to look towards Siyah Kuh for guidance as to their further movements. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 2 p. 8
SOURCE for Naw-Gunbuz
« we started by bright moonlight, and reached the desolate post-house of Naw-Gunbuz (whence a road leads to Isfahan) half an hour before sunrise on 1st September (nine parasangs). » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547
SOURCE for Nu-Gumbaz
« Darkness was falling and a storm approaching when I reached the chapar-khanah at Nu-Gumbaz — a dreary and desolate place. I » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 404
« afternoon for an hour's rest and a cup of tea at the temporary camp they had set up, some miles south of Nu-Gumbaz. Darkness was falling and a storm approaching when I reached the chāpār-khānah at Nu-Gumbaz - a dreary and desolate place. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 404
SOURCE for Orrinkca (?)
« The 13. day we went 6. or 7. forsongs to a Towne called Orrinkca, a lodging Towne. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52

R161-031 Nain : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Naeyn , Na'in , نائین ,
VARIANT names: Gora , Gowra (?) , Nain , Na'in ,
SOURCE for Gora
« From Jesd we spent seventeene dayes to Hispahan, passing by Gora, a faire Towne, where is store of raw Silkes, Quilts, Silke-carpets, and Turkeshes. And so we arrived at Hispahan. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 85
SOURCE for Gowra (?)
« The 15. day we went 5. forsongs to a Towne called Gowra being a faire great Towne, where is great store of raw silkes, bed couerings, silke carpets, cotten Carpets, and such like commodities; and there wée staied that night, and the next day and night. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ pp. 52-3
SOURCE for Nain
« we filed slowly into the town of Naïn, called 'Naim' by Josafa Barbaro, who found it 'evill enhabited, not exceading Ve houses.' (2) A century earlier (1340) the Persian geographer Mustaufi described it as surrounded by 'a rampart 4000 paces in circumference,'(3) and Yakut, a hundred years before him, spoke of the theological reputation of Naïn, as having produced a number of eminent students of the Koran and scholars versed in Mohammedan lore. I was struck by the evident antiquity of the place, and I find Naïn mentioned by the Arab geographers in the ninth and tenth centuries, but I have not yet been able to trace its history back to the Sasanian period, although the designation of the ancient citadel as Kal'ah-i Gabar, Gabar Castle,' and the retention of Zoroastrian naines in some of the local designations point to a very early age. fn. 2 Josafa Barbaro, Travels, ed. Hakluyt, 49. 82. fn. 3 See Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 561. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 405
« to Rai (24). There Shah Husain, son of Ali and grandson of Mohammed, was slain; he cursed them, and by his curse 70 towns were felled. And from Rai fn. 24 Rai, one of the greatest cities of medieval Iran. Its ruins lie five miles to the south- east of Teheran. » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109
« NÁIN.Lat. 32° 49' 6"; Long. 52° 56'0".A town in the district of Yazd, from which it is 80 miles distant. It is 93 miles east of Isfahan.Náin is a small town, rather less than a mile in circumference, enclosed by a dilapidated wall and ruinous ditch, and entered by five gateways. It is situated on an uneven part of a great plain, a short distance south of some mountains which intersect the flat country at this part. With the excep-tion of some trifling patches of cultivation and a few gardens of fruit trees, the environs appear perfectly sterile, and the aspect of the place is rendered still more wretched by the ruins of nud walls which surround it. It pos-sesses a small bazaar of some 70 or 80 miserable shops.A ruined mud fort stands within the town, which latter possesses some 5,000 inhabitants. Náín is the principal place in a district extending from south-east to north-west about 54 miles, and from north-east to south-west about 77 miles, in which space there appear to be 8 villages and some 300 hamlets. Many of the latter are tenanted each by a very few families. The productions of the district consist of Larley, wheat, cotton, all in triflingquantities, and fruits, such as melons, grapes, and pomegranates. The importance of the place lies on its position at the junction of roads to Isfahan, Kashán, Yazd, Samnán, Damghán, Biabanak, and Tabas. » #3461 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Routes in Persia, Government Central Branch Press, Simla, 1887 ~ p. 389
« The first town I reached was Nain, celebrated for its faience in ancient times, and even now the pottery made in this town is the best manufactured in Persia. I did not enter the town » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 515
« De Mouchena de Radar à Naïn. 8 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 340
SOURCE for Na'in
« Thence a dreary stage of six parasangs brought us about 4 P.M. to the queer old rambling town of Na'in. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547

R161-032 Neistanak
R161-032 Neistanak : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Naistanak , Neyestanak , نیستانک ,
VARIANT names: Naistan , Naistanak , Neistanak , Neyistanak ,
SOURCE for Naistan
« All went well on the journey until Ne'istanak (Barbaro's ' Naistan ') was reached on the same day, two hours after noon. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 405
SOURCE for Naistanak
SOURCE for Neistanak
« All went well on the journey until Neïstanak (Barbaro's Naistan') was reached on the same day, two hours after noon. There I found that the outgoing post, north and south, had taken all the horses of the chāpār-khānah, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 405
SOURCE for Neyistanak
« Half an hour after sunset we reached Neyistának (six parasangs), » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547

R161-033 Ardistan
R161-033 Ardistan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ardestan , Ardistan , اردستان ,
VARIANT names: Ardestan , Ardistan , Hardistan ,
SOURCE for Ardestan
SOURCE for Ardistan
« Ardistan is a flourishing town, abounding in streams and orchards, and counting some twelve thousand inhabitants, a number notably larger than the estimate given in the fifteenth century by Josafa Barbaro, who calls 'Hardistan a little towne that maketh a Vc howses, (2) but more in accordance with the statement made in the tenth century by Mokaddasi (Makdasi). The latter says: 'Ardistan is larger than the other cities in the region of the desert. It is well populated, and has fine bazaars and numerous mosques. There are many sages and learned men residing there. The region of Ardistan abounds in white flour, whence it derives its name (ard, 'white flour,' and stan, 'place'). (3) fn 1 Two days was the time occupied by Josafa Barbaro in the fifteenth century, for he says: 'From thense [i.e. from Neïstanak] two other daies iorney is Hardistan, a little towne that maketh a Ve howses' (ed. Hakluyt, 49. 83).fn 2 See preceding note, and for the present estimate of 12,000, cf. Sykes, op. cit. p. 157. fn 3 Freely rendered from Mokaddasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 390. The etymology is not correct; see be-low, p. 407. In contradistinction to Mokaddasi's praise of the people of Ardistan I may cite a Persian writer of the seventeenth century, Sadik Isfahani (p. 62), who reports that the people of this place are, it is said, prone to exces-sive anger and violence.' » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 406
« after a ride of five parasangs , we reached the little town of Ardistán. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 548
SOURCE for Hardistan
« This single day's journey of forty miles occupied sixteen hours! (1)Ardistan is a flourishing town, abounding in streams and orchards, and counting some twelve thousand inhabitants, a number notably larger than the estimate given in the fifteenth century by Josafa Barbaro, who calls 'Hardistan a little towne that maketh a Vc howses', (2) but more in accordance with the statement made in the tenth century by Mokaddasi (Makdasi). The latter says: 'Ardistan is larger than the other cities in the region of the desert. It is well populated, and has fine bazaars and numerous mosques.fn. 1 Two days was the time occupied by Josafa Barbaro in the fifteenth cen-tury, for he says: From thense [i.e. from Neïstanak] two other daies ior-ney is Hardistan, a little towne that maketh a Ve howses' (ed. Hakluyt, 49. 83).fn. 2 See preceding note, and for the present estimate of 12,000, cf. Sykews, op. cit. p. 157 »

R161-034 Moghar
R161-034 Moghar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Moghar , Moqar , Mughar , مغار , موغار ,
VARIANT names: Moghar , Moqar , Mughar ,
SOURCE for Moghar
« Forward through the sand trudged our little cavalcade until, about the time when one would ordinarily be breakfasting in America, we were approaching the small town of Moghar, on the edge of the desert, having been six hours already in the saddle. The outskirts of the settlement were rich in grain -fields, and the gleaners were already at work with the sickle. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 408
SOURCE for Moqar
SOURCE for Mughar
« After a stage of six parasangs we reached Mughár » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 548

R161-035 Khalatabad
R161-035 Khalatabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ahmadabad , Ahmadabad-e Khafrak , Khaledabad , Khalidabad , احمد آباد ,
VARIANT names: Khalatabad , Khaledabad ,
SOURCE for Khalatabad
« Khalatabad was reached at last after a ride of fourteen hours, and we found to our joy that the chdpdr horses had arrived. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 409
SOURCE for Khaledabad

R161-037 Kashan
R161-037 Kashan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLA2 UFI: 10325556 coordinate: lat 33.997284 long 51.441575
NIMA/GNS names: Kachan , Kashan , كاشان ,
VARIANT names: Cachan , Caixan , Caixao , Cascian , Cashan , Cassan , Cassian , Caxen , Kachan , Kaschan , Kashan , Katschan , Qasan ,
SOURCE for Cachan
« A la pointe du jour nous apperçumes Cachan, où nous arrivames a 7. heures du matin. Une partie de la caravane alla loger dans la ville, et le refte dans le Caravanferan du fauxbourg. [At daybreak we sighted Cachan, where we arrived at 7 o'clock in the morning. Part of the caravan went to stay in the town, and the rest in the Caravanferan of the suburb.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 182
« Le treiziéme érant partis à deux heures aprés minuit, nôtre courſe fut de neuf heures. Au commencement le chemin fut fort mauvais, et nous trouvámes pluſieurs Villages des habitez, avant que d'arriver à Cachan, dont le Caravanferail eft tres-beau. [The thirteenth departure was at two o'clock after midnight, our journey lasted nine hours. At the beginning the road was very bad, and we encountered several inhabited villages before arriving at Cachan, whose caravanserai is very beautiful.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 71
« Il y a dans Cachan ... les Carvanferas grands et commodes; mais il y en a un entr'autres qui eftoit fort magnifique proche des jardins du Roy à l'entrée de la ville, dans lequel je logeay à mon dernier voyage d'Afie. Tant le Carvanfera que les Jardins font des ouvrages de Chabas I. du nom, et il y fit une fort grande depenfe. Ce Carvanfera à environ 100. pas en quarre, il eſt bati de brique, et à deux étages, et contient prés de fix vingt chambres voutées et d'une raiſonnable grandeur. [In Cachan there are... large and comfortable Carvanferas; but there is one among others that was quite magnificent near the King's Gardens at the entrance to the town, in which I stayed on my last trip to Africa. Both the Carvanfera and the Gardens are the work of Chabas I, and he spent a very large amount on them. This Carvanfera, about 100 paces square, is built of brick, has two stories, and contains nearly twenty vaulted rooms of reasonable size.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 72
SOURCE for Caixan
« in analogous manner, but more evidently, the name of the city of Kashan, rendered once with 'Caixan' and once with 'Caixào', a few lines after (f. 3r). » #3224 Margherita Farina, Giovanni Battista Raimondi's Travel in the Middle East: A Case of Sixteenth-Century Portuguese-Italian Interference, Oriente Moderno, NUOVA SERIE, ~ pp. 55-6
SOURCE for Caixao
« CAIXÃO, cidade de-Kashan, em 33' 59' lat. N. e 51° 30' long. E., capital da província persa do mesmo nome. [Fernão Lopes de Castanheda - História do des- cobrimento e conquista da India pelos Portugueses]. [CAIXÃO, city of Kashan, in 33' 59' N. lat. and 51° 30' E. long., capital of the Persian province of the same name. [Fernão Lopes de Castanheda - History of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portuguese].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. A-C p. 145
« From this city of whatever name, the Portugals, pursuing their course to the Shah of Persia, arrived at the city of Cayxam (Kashan) on the Friday of July 20th 1515 » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970 ~ p. 44
« From here they will depart for Ormuz by another winding road that passes through many towns and places, very useful land with large livestock; they will arrive at the city of Caixão, where they will stay for fifteen days » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p.249
SOURCE for Cascian
« VI. Io dico adunque, che avendo già veduto e osservato in Cascian ciò che di sopra ho scritto, ed essendoci riposati abba-stanza, la domenica a sera del ventotto di gennaio ci partimmo, [VI. I say, then, that having already seen and observed in Cascian what I have written above, and having rested sufficiently, we departed on Sunday evening, the twenty-eighth of January,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 572
SOURCE for Cashan
« and thence to Cashan, a gallant Citie; from Coom six and thirty miles: the way was easie and plaine, but somewhat sandie. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 213
« Cashan is not lesse than York or Norwich, above foure thousand families are accounted in her: the houses are fairely built, the streets be large and comly; the Mosqus and Hummums are curiously painted and ceruleated, with a feigned Turquoise: the Buzzar is spatious and uniforme; furnished with Silks, Damasks, rich Carpets, Sattens, and cloth of gold; no part of the Persian Monarchy shewes better, or more variety, nor a people more exactly industrious. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 214
SOURCE for Cassan
« Odoric expressly says that Kashan, or Cassan,' as he calls it, was 'the city of the Three Kings' and that these worshippers set out from there to Jerusalem, which they reached by divine aid in thirteen days. (4) The passage in the account of Odoric de Por-denone reads as follows: -'DE LA CITÉ DE CASSAN. - De ceste cité m'en alay vers la grant Inde par mer. Si vins par maintes journées a une cité des trois roys qui firent offrande à Jhesu Crist nouvel né. Et appelle on ceste cité de Cassan, cité royal de grant honneur mais Tartre l'ont moult destruite. De cette cité de Cassan jusques en Jherusalem a plus de journées dont on puet clerement appercevoir que ly troy Roy de ceste cité de Cassan furent en XIII journées amené en Jherusa par vertu divine et non humaine. En ceste cité a moult grand hab dance de tous biens, de pain, et de vin et de toutes autres choses.'fn. 4 See Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 41, Paris, 1891. »
« Ce fait le Roy voulut aller à SPAHAN ville capitale de Par-thie, elloignée de CASBIN douze iournées les comptant à pas de Carauane, où nous le fuiuifmes. L'on trouue par le chemin beau-coup de bonnes places, comme entr'autres vne, qui eft appellée Com, vne autre dite CASSAN, qui eft plus grande, et plus riche que Com, comme aufli beaucoup de bourgs et villages. Tout cechemin eſt plain et vny, toutesfois d'vn coſté et d'autre on voittou-fiours des montagnes, [This done, the King wished to go to Spahan, the capital city of Parthia, twelve days distant from Casbin, counting them at the pace of Carauane, where we fled. One finds many good places along the way, such as one called Com, another called Cassan, which is larger and richer than Com, as well as many towns and villages. The whole road is flat and winding, however, on one side and the other one always sees mountains.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 133
SOURCE for Cassian
« The 20th daye at night we came to the fayre citie of Cassian (Kashan), lying in the cuntrey of Parthia. On the waye between this citie and the foresayde citie of Comes the cuntrey of the Par-thiance and the Medians are parted. Here we piched in a caravansero that Shaw Abbas built, the fayerest that ever I saw it is big innaw to lodge any king of Chrissendom was all his trayne-hauing traveled 7 lges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Caxen
« Llegose á Caxen, adonde auia gran número de otras mugeres cubiertas con sus mantos blancos, sobre las paredes, varandas y otras partes altas, y ansi se en-tro por la çiudad, aunque fuera de lo que della está rrodeado de muralla, que es alta y muy bien labrada, hasta el Maydan, que es una larga calle, aunque no tanto como la de Xiras, pero mas ancha, con muchos arboles por las vandas á raiz de las paredes, adonde ay algunas casas y dentro grande arboleda de huertas. [He arrived at Caxen, where there were a great number of other women covered with their white cloaks, on the walls, balustrades and other high parts, and thus he entered the city, although outside of what is surrounded by a wall, which is high and very well made, up to the Maydan, which is a long street, although not as long as that of Xiras, but wider, with many trees along the sides at the base of the walls, where there are some houses and inside a large grove of orchards.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 57
SOURCE for Kachan
« Kachan » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
SOURCE for Kaschan
« Malgré la vue de tout le peuple de Kaschan, venu au-devant de nous, y compris la communauté juive, l'im-patience nous prenait un peu d'une route aussi longue, quand, à la fin, nous arrivames, et la première vue de notre logis dissipa comme une fumée notre mécontentement. [Despite the sight of all the people of Kashan, who came to meet us, including the Jewish community, we were a little impatient with such a long journey, when, at last, we arrived, and the first sight of our lodging dissipated our discontent like smoke.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 237
« The 27. we came to the Citie of Kaschan, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
« Kaschan where on the 3 day of Ianuary we arrived to|wards the Evening, taking up our Quarters at a very noble and commodious Carawansera, seeming rather a Palace than an Inn. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 310
SOURCE for Kashan
« I journeyed to Kashan (25), where I stayed for a month, fn. 25 Kashan, Nain, Sirjan and Tarum, Iranian towns. » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109
« Passing the post-house of Mohamedye and Gaz, Kashan came in sight over an undulation in the sand, and we were soon threading the narrow lanes of this, one of the largest business places of Persia. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 295
« thence 12 to Kāshān. Total, from Sävah to Kāshān it is 22 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« we caught sight of the blue domes of the mosques at Kashan that rose with a glimpse of color over the brown plain. Kashan, pronounced in Persian as Kashan, is flanked by mountains and hills on the south, west, and northwest, but on the other sides it lies open to the plain. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 410
« Kashan is one of the hottest places on the great Persian plateau, but has the rare luxury of a good water supply brought from a reservoir some distance off in the Kuhrūd mountains. It has a much-diminished population, said now to number 30,000 souls. Much of it is in ruins, and much more is ruinous. It has a thriving colony of Jews. It is noted for its silks and velvets; but the modern productions are regarded by judges as degenerate. It is still famous for its work in copper and for its great copper bazar. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 230
« Next day brought us to another considerable town- Káshán-after an uneventful march of about seven hours, broken by a halt for lunch at a village called Nasrábád, at which I was supplied with one of the excellent melons grown in the neighbourhood. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 173
« and crawling along in true caravan fashion, entered Káshán soon after sunset, and » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 548
« Sin-Sin to Kashan, 4) ?. ?., 20 ?. ... Enter Kashan by road rudely paved with stones; a considerable town, celebrated for its silk manufactures. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 56
SOURCE for Katschan
« The Persians put this City of Katschan at 84 degrees longitude, and at thirty four distant from the Line. After an exact Observation of three days, I found that it is distant from it thirty three degrees and 51 minutes, that is, nine minutes less. The City is of a great length, reaching from East to West, above half a German League. Its Walls and bastions are of a kind of Potters day, and it lies in a great Plain, the ground of which is good enough for Tillage, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 194
SOURCE for Qasan

R161-036 Abuzaidabad
R161-036 Abuzaidabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Abu Zaidabad , Abu Zobeydabad , Abuzeydabad , ابوزید آباد ,
VARIANT names: Abu Zeyd-abad , Abu Zobeydabad , Abuzaidabad ,
SOURCE for Abu Zeyd-abad
« six more parasangs to Abú Zeyd-ábád about noon on 3rd September. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 548
SOURCE for Abu Zobeydabad
SOURCE for Abuzaidabad
« running in confusion before an approaching thunderstorm ; but I was in too good training to be unseated, and we galloped at full speed beneath the hold khdnah of the post-house at Abuzaidabad at 7.30 p.m., just as the rain began to pour down. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 410

R161-041 Kum : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ghom , Qom , Qum , قم ,
VARIANT names: Com , Comes , Coom , Cum , Khom , Kom , Koum , Kum , Qom , Qum , Qumm ,
SOURCE for Com
« Ce fait le Roy voulut aller à SPAHAN ville capitale de Par-thie, elloignée de CASBIN douze iournées les comptant à pas de Carauane, où nous le fuiuifmes. L'on trouue par le chemin beau-coup de bonnes places, comme entr'autres vne, qui eft appellée Com, vne autre dite CASSAN, qui eft plus grande, et plus riche que Com, comme aufli beaucoup de bourgs et villages. Tout cechemin eſt plain et vny, toutesfois d'vn coſté et d'autre on voittou-fiours des montagnes, [This done, the King wished to go to Spahan, the capital city of Parthia, twelve days distant from Casbin, counting them at the pace of Carauane, where we fled. One finds many good places along the way, such as one called Com, another called Cassan, which is larger and richer than Com, as well as many towns and villages. The whole road is flat and winding, however, on one side and the other one always sees mountains.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 133
« Cette ville a 14. quartiers, et 2100. maifons, dans chacune defquelles il y a un puits, fans compter 300. abenbaars ou citernes. Elle a quatre portes, quatre Bazars, et un Meydeen, plufieurs bains, et un grand nombre de moſquées et del chapelles. [This city has 14 districts and 2100 houses, each with a well, not counting 300 cisterns or granaries. It has four gates, four bazaars, a mosque, several baths, and a large number of mosques and chapels.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 180
« D Es environs de la mon-cagne dont on fait tant de contes, on commença à voir la Ville de Com. Ayant que d'y ar-river, il faut paffer devant cinq endroits de beaucoup d'étenduë, pleins de ruines, dont les débris font encore fort elevez. [From the surroundings of the mountain about which so many tales are told, one began to see the City of Com. Having to arrive there, one must pass in front of five places of great extent, full of ruins, whose debris still stands very high.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 67
SOURCE for Comes
« The 16th daye at night we came to the fayre citie Comes [Qum], weh lieth on a plaine. ... Here we picht in a pomgranet garden, haueing traveled 6 lges, In this towne ther is a fine marked [market] place. Here we stayed the 17th daye. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 65
SOURCE for Coom
« by this wee are entred Coom? where we refresht our
description
PAGE 212
scorched and wearied bodies three dayes: In which time wee could not chuse but gather something.
COOM, (in the latitude of 34 degrees 40 minutes) is a City of good note, in Parthia; placed in the mid-way 'twixt those two royall Cities, Cazbyn and Spawhawn. It is scituate in an ample and faire sandy plain, and yeelds every way an exact horizon. Coom, gives place to no other Towne in Persia for antiquity; the ruines appearing at this day, gaine some be|leife in the inhabitants, whose common saying is, it was once compara|ble to Babylon. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 212
SOURCE for Cum
A 8, á la ora ordinaria, se començó á caminar de es-paçio por no auer hasta Cum mas de quatro leguas, [At 8 o'clock, at the ordinary time, they began to walk from space to Cum but not more than four leagues,]
SOURCE for Khom
« On the 25 we came to the City Khom, and took up our Lodging in a Carawansera near to the great Maydan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 308
SOURCE for Kom
« De là à Kom il y a encore ſept ou huit heures de marche dans des terres feches et des fables falez: mais à une demi-lieuë de Kom la terre eft bonne et de grand rapport. [From there to Kom there is still seven or eight hours' walk through barren lands and barren fields: but half a league from Kom the land is good and of great yield.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 67
« The 19. we travell'd five Leagues,* 11.193 and got in the morning before the City of Kom. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 193
« The third, we came to the Citie of Kom, where we were assign'd lodgings, in very fair houses neer the Basar, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
SOURCE for Koum
« A Koum, tout nous parut fort bien. Les bazars sont vastes et il y a de belles maisons avec de grands jar-dins. La ville a un certain air provincial qui ne déplaît pas. Koum est une ville sainte. Sa mosquée, fort grande, est ornée d'un dome tout doré et de construction mo-derne très-élégante. [In Koum, everything seemed very good to us. The bazaars are vast, and there are beautiful houses with large gardens. The town has a certain provincial air that is quite appealing. Koum is a holy town. Its very large mosque is adorned with a gilded dome and is of very elegant, modern construction.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 256
SOURCE for Kum
« For the golden dot is the dome of the great and most sacred mosque of Kum. Kum is one of those cities to which, renowned for their sanctity, pilgrims flock on their earthly journey towards Paradise. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 296
« Kum is little less than a city of mosques, minarets, madrasahs, and corpses, for, next to Meshad, it is the most famous burial-place in Persia. Its special sanctity is due to the fact that it is the proud possessor of the shrine of Fatima, sister of Imam Riza, the eighth Imam. She was interred here in A.D. 816, and honors are accorded her that Mohammedanism rarely vouchsafes to a woman. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 414
« Kûm, Ash Wednesday, 1890 » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 160
« Kûm, March 23. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 211
« The first of these telegraph stations is at Kum, and thither I at once made my way through the spice-laden twilight of the bazaars. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 168
« Pool-e-dulak to Kúm, 31 1. R., 14 ?.Cross the Gonsir river by brick bridge, thence some 7 miles across barren desert plain, on which but little vegetation is visible. 7 miles, cultivation on left of road, extending to small village, distant about a mile from road. To the right, also, a small hamlet off the road; enter and pass through low bare hillocks and broken ground, with gradual ascent to left bank of Kúm river. Cultivation extends some distance to the right; post-house and serai on bank of river, opposite a brick bridge. Supplies of corn and provisions here abundant. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Qom
SOURCE for Qum
« thence 6 to Qum, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
SOURCE for Qumm

R161-039 Shurab
R161-039 Shurab : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Shurab , شوراب ,
VARIANT names: Sarou , Schourab , Shurab ,
SOURCE for Sarou
« Sarou » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
SOURCE for Schourab
« et nous fîmes dans le désert une journée que la sévérité des lieux et une chaleur rai-sonnable rendirent suffisamment austère. Nous mar-châmes quatre heures, et nous arrivâmes à Schourab, très-triste endroit. [And we spent a day in the desert, a day made sufficiently austere by the harshness of the place and a reasonable heat. We marched for four hours and arrived at Shurab, a very dreary place.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 255
SOURCE for Shurab
« Monday, May 18 2.20 P.M. Shurab » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 416

R161-038 Kasimabad
R161-038 Kasimabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FRM UFI: 10325503 coordinate: lat 34.125277 long 51.477958
NIMA/GNS names: Karimabad , کریم آباد ,
VARIANT names: Karimabad , Kasimabad ,
SOURCE for Karimabad
SOURCE for Kasimabad
« Monday, May 18 11.10 A.M. Kasimabad (?) » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 416

R161-040 Pasangun
R161-040 Pasangun : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Pa Sangan , Pasangun , Pasanqun , پا سنگان , پسنقون ,
VARIANT names: Pamyngan , Pasangan , Pasangarr , Pasangun , Pasengan , Passanghām , Qaryat al-magus ,
SOURCE for Pamyngan
« Le lendemain on ne fit que trois heures et demie jus-qu'à Pamyngan. Il y aurait bien du mal à en dire si on voulait y réfléchir, mais il vaut mieux passer. [The next day we only traveled three and a half hours to Pamyngan. It would be difficult to say much more if we tried to think about it, but it's best to just move on.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 255
SOURCE for Pasangan
« till we finally reached Pasangán, and took up our quarters at the post-house, which looked more comfortable than the caravansaray. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 171
SOURCE for Pasangarr
« Qaryat al-magus VI BI Pasangarr. Iran. Etape après Qumm sur la route Rayy-Isbahān. I 230; Η 404; Muq 491 C, 492. Schw. 567; Siroux (Routes de Rayy à Isbahān). [Qaryat al-magus VI BI
Pasangarr. Ira n.
Stage after Qumm on the Rayy-Isbahān road.
Schw. 567; Siroux (Roads from Rayy to Isbahān).] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Pasangun
« Monday, May 18 5.15 P.M. Pasangun » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 416
SOURCE for Pasengan
« Kúm to Pasengan, 31 ?. ?., 144 ?. ... From this across barren plain, passing, at a distance of 12 miles, ruined walls of village Pasengan, with post-house and serai. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Passanghām
« A few caravans of camels, and the haram of the Governor of Yezd in closely-covered kajawehs, alone broke the monotony. Before I thought we were half-way we reached the abambars, the small brown caravanserai, and the chapar khana of Passanghām, having ridden in three hours a distance on which I have often expended eight. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 225
SOURCE for Qaryat al-magus

R161-042 Tehran
R161-042 Tehran : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLC UFI: -3087341 coordinate: lat 35.705 long 51.4216
NIMA/GNS names: Teheran , Tehran , Tehran , تهران ,
VARIANT names: Teharone , Teheran , Teheraun , Tehran , Theheran , Tihran , Tyroan ,
SOURCE for Teharone
« This daye we came to Teharone [Tehrān], a fine towne lying vpon a playn, beinge very bare, haueing many plesant litle townes round aboute it. This towne is walde round aboute, » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Teheran
Teheran in « Map Teheran to Isfahan » #1116 Curzon, George N., Persia and the Persian Question, Cass: Longmans Green and Co, 1966: 1892, ~ vol. 2 between pp. 2 and 3
« However, once turned in the right direction, they proved excellent animals, and in one and a half hours we were driving through the semi-civilized streets of Teheran. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 299
« ISFAHAN is fair, Shiraz is beautiful, but Teheran - Tahran khaili khub ast-Teheran is very beautiful,' this is the en-comium which I heard bestowed, over and over again, upon the modern capital of Iran as I journeyed northward from Yezd. During a week's stay in the metropolis I found the city sufficiently attractive to make me sympathize, in part at least, with the enthusiasm of the Persians, even if Teheran cannot boast of many of the natural beauties of such a city as Shiraz. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 418
« At length, about sunset, we entered the city by the Derwázé- i-Naw (New Gate), and ... as it was now late, to take up temporary quarters at a caravansaray situated not far from the gate whereby we had entered. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 82
« I was ready to leave Tehran at nine in the morning; » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 5
SOURCE for Teheraun
« The sun rose in fiery splendour over the mountains of Teheraun, but the city itself is in so low a situation, that we could not distinguish it till we were not more than two miles distant. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 pp. 120-1
SOURCE for Tehran
« April 18th.-Left by Shah Abdool Azeem gate, and passed through small suburb of town » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 54
« Tehrán to Kabát Gumbaz, 64 H. R., 22 ?.*August 19th, 1857.-Left the city by the Shahabdoolazheem, or southern gate. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 37
SOURCE for Theheran
« Theheran » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
SOURCE for Tihran
« Just as endurance was on the point of giving way, we turned from the road through a large gateway into the extensive grounds which surround the British Legation, a large building forming three sides of a quadrangle, with a fine stone staircase leading up to the central door. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 181
SOURCE for Tyroan
« for by this time we are hous'd in Tyroan.
TYROAN, by her continued greatnesse and Antiquity seemes to be that Rhazunda, mentioned by Strabo and Ptolomy. It is seated in the midst of a faire large Plain; which albeit it be invironed with hills of stupendious height in most parts at good distance, yet some wayes it affoords a delicate Horizon. The ayre here is fresh and sweet in the morning and towards Sunset, but in the Sunnes perpendicular glances, wee found it hot and ra|ging: the houses are of white bricks, hardned in the Sunne; above three thousand houses are numbred in Tyroan; of which, the Dukes and Buzzar are the fairest and most observable; » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 193

R161-015a Bendemeer bridge
R161-015a Bendemeer bridge : place IRN (bridge)
NIMA/GNS feature: BDG UFI: -3078460 coordinate: lat 29.8515 long 52.77
NIMA/GNS names: Pol-e Khan , Pol-e Khan , Pul-i-khan , پل خان ,
VARIANT names: bridge , Pola Khan , Pol-e Khan , Polochan , Pul-i-Khan , Pulochani , River Bindamire Bridge ,
SOURCE for bridge
« At 20 miles the Bandamir river is erossed by a masonry bridge with 3 high arches. The river runs strongly at the bridge, though it is elsewhere slow and deep, about 45 feet broad, with mud banks 10 feet above the level of the water. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Pola Khan
« When the day broke, we crossed the Bund Ameer by a lofty but now nearly ruined bridge. The river's bed was deep, the stream rapid, and flowing to the south-east through the plain. This was called, by the natives, Pola Khan. The Bund Ameer was the Araxes of the ancients, » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Pol-e Khan
« seven miles beyond zarqan we reached the narrow, old bridge of Pol-e Khan, where the road crossed the Pulvar River, guarded by a whitewashed and crenellated gendarmerie post. The new girder bridge was not yet in use, so all traffic was still negotiating the sharp bends on to and off the old one, past an overturned car on the sharpest » #3119 Duncan Forbes, The Heart of Iran, R. Hale, 1963 ~ p. 146
SOURCE for Polochan
« Nous employames quatre heures depuis le Village Tschûl ou Nakſchi Rustâm, jusqu'à Polochan le grand pont Bendemir dont j'ai fait mention cy desfus. [We spent four hours from the Village Tschûl or Nakſchi Rustâm, to Polochan the large Bendemir bridge which I mentioned above.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 135
SOURCE for Pul-i-Khan
« Pul-i-Khan » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Shiraz H-39Q 1948}
SOURCE for Pulochani
« Pulochani (Pol-e Chani), » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 97
SOURCE for River Bindamire Bridge
« The Bridge over the River is very old, raised high by four Arches, in the middle a Watch-Tower for the Rhadars to look put on, to apprehend such as shall by By-ways attempt to deprive them pf their Customs, as also to be at hand to secure those that Travel the Road. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 220