R167path Buckingham.kmz

R167path Buckingham

R167-050 Hamadan
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3065706 coordinate: lat 34.799216 long 48.514556
NIMA/GNS names: Ecbatana , Hamadan , Hamedan , همدان ,
VARIANT names: Agbatana , Amadam , Ecbatana , Ekbatana , Hagmatana , Hamadan , Hamadhan , Suſa di Aſſuero ,
SOURCE for Agbatana
« HAMADHAN (HAMADAN), city in central Iranlocated in a fertile plain just south of Mt. Alwand, 48° 31' E. (Greenw.), 34° 48' N., altitude ca. 1800 metres/5900 ft.Hamadhan is a very old city. Whether the name is first mentioned in cuneiform sources dating about 1100 B.C., telling of the conquests of Tiglatpileser I, is uncertain but unlikely. Herodotus (I, 98) says that the Median king Deiokes in the seventh century B.C. built the city called Agbatana, or Ekbatana according to other Classical authors. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 3 p. 105
SOURCE for Amadam
« e la mat-tina di buon' ora partiſſimo camminando, nella neve che all'altezza di quattro palmi era caduta in quella notte,che biſognò calpeſtare fino ad Amadan, dove giungemmo all' ore venti una, ed entrati in caſa, la trovammo, che non eravi luogo, da poterſi riparare dal freddo, perche ci erano ſtari tolti i legni delle porte, e finestre. [and early in the morning we set out, walking through the snow that had fallen to a depth of four palms that night, which we had to trample down to Amadan, where we arrived at twenty-one o'clock, and when we entered the house, we found that there was no place to shelter from the cold, because the wood of the doors and windows had been taken away.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 23
« Arrivai finalmente a dì 24. Gennaro in Amadan [I finally arrived on the 24th. January in Amadan] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 192
« Ainſi nous partîmes enſemble d'Hifpahan le 5. de Juillet 1701. pour Amadam avec une petite Caravane qui y alloit. Aprés voir paffe par pluſieurs Villes et Villages qu'il feroit empuyéux de nommer, nous y arrivâmes le dix-neuvième du même mois. [Thus we departed together from Hifpahan on July 5th, 1701, for Amadam with a small caravan that was going there. After passing through several towns and villages that it would be difficult to name, we arrived there on the nineteenth of the same month.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 126
SOURCE for Ecbatana
owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Ecbatana, 48.583, 34.767, IR, nkn, approx, 59, tmcIRa0100_049a »
some descrepancy on co-ordinates
« ECBATANA, cidade de - Nome antigo da cidade persa de Hamadan, en 34° 49' lat. N. e 48° 27' long. E., a sudoeste de Teerão. Diogo do Couto, poré (X, VI, 12.°), propende para a identificação com Tabriz. [ECBATANA, city of - Ancient name of the Persian city of Hamadan, in 34° 49' lat. N. and 48° 27' long. E., southwest of Tehran. Diogo do Couto, however (X, VI, 12th), tends to identify it with Tabriz.] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. D-N p. 33
« When it lost the name of Ecbatana in that of Hamadan , it seems to have lost all its honours too » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 101
SOURCE for Ekbatana
SOURCE for Hagmatana
« As you approach Hamadan itself, one of the most elevated of all Iranian cities, delightfully cool in summer, very cold in winter, you see the impressive snow-capped Mount Alvand (3,570 m.) overshadowing the famous Median capital, ancient Hagmatana ('The Place of Assembly'), known to the Greeks as Ecbatana, the site of which is now covered by modern Hamadan. » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 109
SOURCE for Hamadan
« Hamadan is a large town (population 50,000), traversed by tortuous, bumpy and narrow streets. There are big bāzārs, a carpet factory, post and telegraph office and British and Russian banks. There is much dense wood in the vicinity of the town; also rich cultivation, as it lies at the edge of a fertile plain. The main industry is leather manufacture, the tanneries being the best in Persia. The water supply is excellent and fuel is fairly plentiful. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 161
« Arrivés à quatre heures du soir à Hamadân, nous descendîmes chez un Arménien, Rustèm-Khân, fils et délégué du gouverneur de cette province, Méhémet-Husséin-Khân, était absent. [Arriving at four o'clock in the evening in Hamadan, we stayed at the house of an Armenian, Rustem Khan, son and delegate of the governor of this province, Mehemet Hussein Khan, who was absent.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 258
« Hamadan is a large and important place situated at the eastern extremity of an extensive and thickly peopled plain . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 252
« We were on horseback this morning at six o'clock ; having little more than a farsang to ride before we should reach the ancient city of the Medes. I had dispatched my Ispahan mehmandar some time before dawn , to apprise the vizier of Hamadan of my approach » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 pp. 90-1
« fn. 5 According to Istakhri, p. 197, the distance from Gondēshäpür to al-Lûr was four farsakhs, then thirty farsakhs to Shābür Khäst (no trace of a town or settlement), twenty-two farsakhs from the latter to Nihawand, which lies fourteen farsakhs from Hamadan. (For the town of Shapürkh(w)äst, see Le Strange, The Lands, pp. 201 ff.; Hudüd al-'alam, tr. Minorsky, p. 383.)) »
#2871 W. Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1984, ~ fn. 5 p. 180
« Two miles from Hamadan, we passed a considerable stream of water, by a neat stone bridge. Near it were many marble tombstones, elegantly sculptured in flowers and inscriptions in the Cufic and Arabic characters. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 92
« The whole distance of our journey from Sadawah to Hamadan was about eight hours, and our course on the whole about east-south-east. On entering this town, we passed through a burying-ground, of which the tombs were of an unusual kind; some of these were like stone chests, or sarcophagi, of the common size of the human form, closely covered on the top » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 160
« The view of Hamadan from this height, overlooking the plain of many colors, repaid me for the ascent, if nothing else did, for it presented the distant city to me in still another light. The Musallah, once crowned with walls, stood out clear to the view, but looked barren and desolate. Fine gardens, which afford a delightful resort for an afternoon in the suburbs, especially in the vicinity of the Armenian village of Sheverin, border the town. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 174
e'l giorno seguente, a mezzodi, arri-vammo alla città di Hamadan, fin dove andava la nostra caro-vana, e fin dove avevamo coi mulattieri noleggiato. [and the next day, at midday, we arrived at the city of Hamadan, as far as our caravan was going, and as far as we had hired the muleteers.]
Fueron bastante penosas las cuatro últimas jornadas de Nubaran á Hamadan; [The last four days from Nubaran to Hamadan were quite arduous;]
SOURCE for Hamadhan
SOURCE for Suſa di Aſſuero
« La Città di Amadan, o fia l'antica Suſa di Aſſuero, è Città Regia della Perfia, fituata in una valta pianura, formata in ordine di Teatro, fiancheggiata in diſtanza di un ora da altiffimi monti, ed il principale, che da Levante, Mezzo Giorno, e Ponente le fa corona, è il monte denominato l' Alvent, il qua-le nelle fue estremità, ricoperto ſempre fi vede di nevi. [The City of Amadan, or the ancient Susa of Aſſuero, is a Royal City of Persia, located in a valley-plain, formed in the order of a theatre, flanked at a distance of an hour by very high mountains, and the main one, which crowns it from the east, south, and west, is the mountain called Alvent, which at its extremities is always covered with snow.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 24

R167-051 Tafreejan
R167-051 Tafreejan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3086587 coordinate: lat 34.763044 long 48.580422
NIMA/GNS names: Tafrijan , تفریجان ,
VARIANT names: Tafreejan , Tafrijan ,
SOURCE for Tafreejan
« Our course along this lay east-north-east for the first hour, over unequal ground, having villages and gardens in sight of us on all sides, and the lofty range of Kooh Alwend on our right. This brought us to the large village of Tafreejan, some separate portions of which were walled in, resem-bling distinct castles. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 169
SOURCE for Tafrijan

R167-052 Yalpan
R167-052 Yalpan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3088466 coordinate: lat 34.736473 long 48.610902
NIMA/GNS names: Yalfan , Yalpan , یلفان ,
VARIANT names: Yalkalin , Yalpan ,
SOURCE for Yalkalin
« The village where we halted , and engaged ourselves with these simple, and ever respectable labours of man , is called Yalkalin ; distant about five farsangs from Kandalan ; and which furnished us with comfortable quarters. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 90
SOURCE for Yalpan
« In about two hours we reached the large village of Yalpand . The Ghulâm put his horse to a gallop when we came in sight of it, to precede and prepare a lodging for me. He secured a clean and airy room for me at the top of the best house in the place , and when the sun went down , an excellent supper with a variety of dishes was served to me. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 278
« second hour by this route brought us to the village of Yalpan, where we found a part of our promised company, the remainder being still behind. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 169
« I went on to Mongawi, a large walled village at an elevation of 7100 feet, camped for two days on an adjacent slope, and from thence rode to Yalpand » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 2 p. 143

R167-053 Alfraoun
R167-053 Alfraoun : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Arzan Food , Arzan Fud , Arzaneh Bal , Arzanfud , Arzanfut , Arzanpud , ارزانفود ,
VARIANT names: Alfraoun , Arzan Food ,
SOURCE for Alfraoun
« Our road was still over barren hills of blue slate, and generally uncultivated ground; when after a tedious ride of three hours, in which we had scarcely gone more than six miles, we reached the village of Alfraoun. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 171
SOURCE for Arzan Food

R167-054 Kalajek
R167-054 Kalajek : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Deh Now , Deh Now-e Asadollah Khan , Deh Now-e Asdollah Khan , Deh Now-ye Asdollah Khan , Yengi Kand , ده نو اسدالله خان , ینگی کند ,
VARIANT names: Kalajek , Yengi Kand ,
SOURCE for Kalajek
« In an hour we came to a very small place, with a few gar-dens, called Kalajek, where the people also spoke Turkish. We could now see that Alfraoun was seated at the entrance of a fine plain, having on the east and north-east three or four large villages in sight, whose names we could not learn. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 172
SOURCE for Yengi Kand

R167-055 Kerdakhourd
R167-055 Kerdakhourd : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chashmeh Pahn , Cheshmeh Pahn , Cheshmeh Pahn Nanaj , Cheshmeh Pahn-e Tas Bandi , چشمه پهن , چشمه پهن طاس بندی ,
VARIANT names: Chashmeh Pahn , Kerdakhourd ,
SOURCE for Chashmeh Pahn
SOURCE for Kerdakhourd
« Kerdakhourd offered nothing of novelty in its appearance, being a widely spread village of mud-dwellings, with many gar-dens, poplar trees, bad water, and abundance of good grapes. Our accommodation there was as humble as before, partaking of the same stalls with our animals. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 173

R167-058 Nazijan
R167-058 Nazijan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: HLL UFI: 10725261 coordinate: lat 34.365426 long 48.633027
NIMA/GNS names: Tappeh-ye Mushi Jan , Tappeh-ye Nushijan , تپه موشی جان , تپه نوشیجان ,
Supplement: tapeh noshijan تپه نوشیجان
VARIANT names: Nazijan , Nush-i Jan , Tappeh-ye Nushijan ,
SOURCE for Nazijan
« There were a number of villages distinguishable from afar, by their gardens and poplar trees, and some even near the road, but of tbese we learned only tbe name of one on the right, called Nazijan, which we passed about two hours after being opposite to the castle before named. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 174
SOURCE for Nush-i Jan
« The rock outcrop of Nush-i Jan harbours much the oldest fire temple so far associated with the plateau's Iranian invaders, marking the time, near the middle of the eighth century B.C., when the Medes had already begun to embark on monumental construction within their new home-land. The site was abandoned about the beginning of the sixth century B.C. until its re-occupation by the Achaemenians who possibly only used the summit of the mound as a look-out post. There followed another gap until the Parthians made a brief appearance on the scene in the first century B.C., possibly during a period of local unrest before they felt able to move back to their less protected villages on the plain.Four distinct Median structures were identified, reflecting an occupation that probably lasted from the middle of the eighth century down to the first half of the sixth century. At the very centre of the mound stands the Fire Temple, a most distinctive building with a stepped, lozenge-shaped ground plan. Entering by a single door and porch in the south wall, the visitor had to bend low to pass into a barrel-vaulted antechamber complete with a bench, basin and deep wall-niche. Here one door in the west wall led to the base of a tall spiral ramp running up to the roof, while another door led due north-wards to the principal, triangular room of the temple, some 11 x 7 m. in area and over 8 m. in height. This last room sheltered the large square fire altar, set near the west bay immediately behind a low, protective wall. In contrast to the standard three steps at the top and bottom of Achaemenian fire altars, the Nush-i Jan altar has no lower steps but only a plain square shaft surmounted by four steps, each leaning out one above the other. It was made of white plastered mud bricks. » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 113
SOURCE for Tappeh-ye Nushijan

R167-059 Kherdoo
R167-059 Kherdoo : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Jaukal , Jokar , Jow Kar , Jowkar , جكر , جو كار , جوكال , جوکار ,
VARIANT names: Jokar , Kherdoo ,
SOURCE for Jokar
SOURCE for Kherdoo
« The stream, which ran through the centre of the plain, flowed to the north-west, so that we were again raising our level. Its waters were highly transparent, but its bed was choked by long grassy weeds, and the water itself exceedingly bitter and disa-greeable to the taste.About noon we entered the large village of Kherdoo, which is the usual halt of caravans; but as the next stage was said to be only four hours, and I had continued to gain strength, and to lose my fever as we went along, we made only an halt of an hour here to repose a little, and then pushed on to regain our lost time.At Kherdoo the stream is larger than before, but its waters were still of a bad taste. We noted at this place a rude bridge formed of the trunks of poplars, supported by upright posts. Separate portions of the town are enclosed by walls, and the houses are large enough to contain all the conveniences which the people desire. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 173

R167-061 Giaour-Se
R167-061 Giaour-Se : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3073682 coordinate: lat 34.301579 long 48.821656 NIMA/GNS names: Daulatabad , Dowlatabad , Malayer , ملایر , VARIANT names: Chumeen , Daulatabad , Dauletabad , Douletabad , Giaour-Se , Kandalan , Malaver , Malayer , SOURCE for Chumeen « About four miles beyond Gul- Aub, we arrived at Chumeen. A few years ago it was little more than a village ; but being selected as the residence of Sheik Ali Mirza, the prince-governor of the district, it has increased in extent and population , and become a most respectable town. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 85 SOURCE for Daulatabad « Daulatabad is a walled city of 4500 souls, has a fort, and is reputed to have a large garrison. The bazars, which contain 250 shops, are indifferent, and the five caravanserais wretched. It and its extensive gardens occupy the eastern extremity of a plain, and lie very near the steep rocky mountain Sard Kuh, through which, by the Tang-i-Asnab, the Tihran road passes. Another road over the shoulder of the mountain goes to Isfahan. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 2 p. 140 SOURCE for Dauletabad « Dauletabad » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, } SOURCE for Douletabad « We continued through a hilly country, passing numerous villages and crossing many streams, and reached Douletabad early in the afternoon . I was surprised to find it a considerable town , although not indicated on the maps I possessed , surrounded by an embankment of earth and a ditch, and by double mud-built walls , the inner of which was very lofty and furnished with bastions . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 282 SOURCE for Giaour-Se « Two other hours on the same course brought us to Giaour-Se, a name given to a cluster of villages with their fields and gardens, in one of which we noted an old high mound that had probably been the site of some ancient castle, and originally given tile place its present name. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 174-5 SOURCE for Kandalan « but at last we reached a fine open valley, where, the animals being tired , we halted at Kandalan , a small place about four farsangs distant from Chumeen. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 87-88 SOURCE for Malaver Malaver An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 92 D2 Malaver [accessed 29 Aug 2025] SOURCE for Malayer « Malayer » in {map#1326 , #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~, , fig. Abb. 3 Karte Irans, Ausschnitt der Regionen Teheran - Esfahan - Shiraz}

R167-062 Kuddumgeh
R167-062 Kuddumgeh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kadamga , Qadamgah , قدمگاه ,
VARIANT names: Kuddumgeh , Qadamgah ,
SOURCE for Kuddumgeh
« From the top of this hill, we went down about east-south-east over a gentle slope; and following the winding of the road to south-east and south, we came, in about two hours more, to the village of Kuddumgeh, where we alighted. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 177
SOURCE for Qadamgah

R167-063 Hufta : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Hafta , Hafteh , هفته ,
VARIANT names: Hafta , Hufta ,
SOURCE for Hafta
SOURCE for Hufta
« On leaving Kuddumgah, we went up east-south-east over the side of a sloping land, having high hills near us on our left, and many villages and gardens in the plain on our right. After travelling for three hours on this course, we reached the large village of Hufta, whose dwellings are secured within a castellated enclosure of a better kind than any we had yet seen, and whose gardens are more extensive and more productive than most others which we had passed. It is here that the road from Ker-manshah and Hamadan to Ispahan joins, and continues the same all the way beyond this. As we met here a caravan from the last place, making its halt, we stayed to exchange the news of the way, and in the mean time regaled ourselves from the gardens of Hufta with some of the finest-flavoured peaches that we had yet found in all Persia. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 177

R167-064 Allimabad
R167-064 Allimabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Alimabad , Halimabad , حليم آباد , علیم آباد ,
VARIANT names: `Alimabad , Allimabad , Helimabad ,
SOURCE for `Alimabad
SOURCE for Allimabad
« After paasing a small cluster of huts with little water and no gardens, called Allimabad, we came, in half an hour more, to the poor village of Koramabad, where we halted for the night. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 178
SOURCE for Helimabad
« We passed the village of Khoramabad, of rather a wild aspect ; and, having gone a farsang farther, paid the same compliment to Helimabad. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 76

R167-065 Koramabad
R167-065 Koramabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Khorramabad , Khorramabad-e Qar Kariz , Khurramabad , خرم آباد , خرم آباد قار کاریز , خورم آباد ,
VARIANT names: Khoramabad , Khorramabad , Koramabad ,
SOURCE for Khoramabad
« We passed the village of Khoramabad, of rather a wild aspect ; and, having gone a farsang farther, paid the same compliment to Helimabad. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 76
SOURCE for Khorramabad
SOURCE for Koramabad
« This small village of Koramabad, which consists of about thirty or forty huts, was so destitute of every thing but hread and water, that we were compelled to make this our only tare. A vigilant look-out was necessary also to prevent the pilfering of the inhabitants, as they made two or three silent attempta to steal in upon ua unobserved during the night, but without succeeding. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 178

R167-066 Chartack
R167-066 Chartack : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chahar Tagh , Chahar Tak , Chahar Taq , Chehartak , چهار تك , چهار طاق , چهارتك , چهر تغ ,
VARIANT names: Chahar Tagh , Chartack ,
SOURCE for Chahar Tagh
SOURCE for Chartack
« About an hour beyond this, we had opposite to us, on the right, a neat little village, called Chartack, seated at the foot of the hills, at the distance of a mile from the high road, and in. habited by Christians, of the Armenian sect; though, in all other respects, of dress, language, manners, etc. they were the same as their Moslem neighbours. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 179

R167-068 Mohammedabad
R167-068 Mohammedabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mohammadabad , محمد آباد ,
VARIANT names: Mohammedabad ,
SOURCE for Mohammedabad
« From hence, in about an hour and a half, we passed through a ruined village, in which was a saint's tomb. The place was called Mohammedabad, but not more than twenty of its dwellings were inhabited. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 179

R167-067 Elia-abad
R167-067 Elia-abad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Seif Abad , Seyfabad , سيف آباد ,
VARIANT names: Elia-abad , Seif Abad ,
SOURCE for Elia-abad
« #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971,~ » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 179
SOURCE for Seif Abad

R167-069 Khomein
R167-069 Khomein : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Khomein , Khomeyn , Khowmeyn , Khumain , خمين ,
VARIANT names: Abqisa , Abti'a , Charavend , Chomen , Humayn , Khomain , Khomein , Khomeyn , Khumai , Khumain , Kumi , Macliana ? ,
SOURCE for Abqisa
« Abti'a ou AbqisaV D3 Humayn. Iran. Deuxième étape sur la route Karag Abū Dulaf-al-Yahūdiyya. Qud 200; Muq 402. Schw. 925. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 39
SOURCE for Abti'a
SOURCE for Charavend
« La domenica passanimo una montagna fastidiosissima, perchè la strada era molto ripida e con neve molto alta; la sera alloggiammo in Charavend, [On Sunday we passed a very annoying mountain, because the road was very steep and with very deep snow; in the evening we stayed in Charavend,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 449
SOURCE for Chomen
« Chomen » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, }
SOURCE for Humayn
SOURCE for Khomain
« He gave me useful information regarding my route for the following day, and advised me to take the longer road to Khomain because the shorter route was at the time infested by brigands, who had pillaged several caravans. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 248
SOURCE for Khomein
« In less than two hours more, on a winding course of from east to south-east, we entered Khomein, where we made our halt at a khan, as incommodious as most of the smaller ones stationed in the way. ...The village of Khomein occupies a great extent of ground, though its population does not much exceed two thousand souls.The Sheik, or civil governor, for there are no military in any of these villages, has a large and good house, with gardens attached to it. There were in this man's service three Russians, who had been taken prisoners in the last war; » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 180
SOURCE for Khomeyn
« Khumain: see Khomeyn PPL 33°38'N 50°04'E IR19 VT12 NI39-10 » #2938 Gazetteer of Iran Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names, Defence Mapping Agency, Washington D. C., 2nd ed. 1984, ~ vol. K-Z p. 952
SOURCE for Khumai
« At 19½ miles a dry river-bed is crossed by a well-built brick bridge, and Khumai is reached. There are said to be 2,000 houses, and, including some eleven villages round about, the yearly produce amounts to 15,000 kharwars of grain. Water is obtainable from a good ganat. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 237
SOURCE for Khumain
« Khumain » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. I-39O Gulpaigan}
SOURCE for Kumi
« Our menzil was to be Kumi, one of the pretty shaded hamlets I had admired at a distance ; and which we approached by the picturesque addition of a fine bridge of three arches , thrown over the bed of a dry river. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 71
SOURCE for Macliana ?
« December 24.- We lay at Mecliana. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 214

R167-090 Komeshae
R167-090 Komeshae : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013096 coordinate: lat 32.0089 long 51.8668
NIMA/GNS names: Qomisheh , Qomsheh , Qowmsheh , Qumisheh , Shahreza , Shahriza , شهرضا , قمشه ,
VARIANT names: Canischa , Carmaça , Comashaw , Comche , Comicha , Comiffia , Comixan , Commeshaw , Comsce , Comushow , Komeshae , Kommehsja or Gomosja , Komminsja , Koomeshah , Kumeshah , Kumishah , Qomishah , Qumishah , Qumisheh ,
SOURCE for Canischa
« On the 18 ... Before night we got the hilly Countrey and set down in the village Canischa, where, by reason of bad Weather, we rested 3 days with the Caravan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 328
SOURCE for Carmaça
« Fernão Gomes and party were well received by Bedijam Beça and departed his campo on the following Friday, ie, the Friday of June 22nd, accompanied by the said Bedijam Beça a league along the way, and Fernão Gomes de Lemos with company arrived at Carmaça (Qomishah), described in the codice of Ajuda as a place of one hundred inhabitants, with a very good fortress, and which in former times was a very rich and populous city, but by reason of rebellion had been largely destroyed by Xeque Ismael. » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970~p. 42
SOURCE for Comashaw
« 7 [February]. In the morning, about 7 a'clock sett out for Comashaw. In the way Mr. Welden rideing after an antolope fell down, horse and man, and hurt himself, but not dangerous. Came to our mansell about 12 at noon. Here is a good towne where may have all manner of catables. From Mayer to Comashaw is a fine garden, a Coffee house, fine tanke full of fish, some with gold rings in their noses. The place is called Shaw Rasay after a Persian saints name. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Comche
« Le vingt-sixième à trois heures après minuit, je commençai à marcher par une plaine fort sèche, mais qui se rend bonne à une lieue de Comché, assez grande ville où j'arrivai à onze heures du matin. Il y a plusieurs carvanseras, et pour n'être que de terre ils sont assez beaux. Cette ville est composée d'une suite de villages qui tiennent près de demi-lieue de long. [On the twenty-sixth, at three o'clock in the morning, I began walking across a very dry plain, which becomes passable a league from Comché, a fairly large town where I arrived at eleven o'clock in the morning. There are several caravansersas there, and for being made only of earth, they are quite beautiful. This town is made up of a series of villages that stretch for nearly half a league.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Comicha
« Ma traite s'acheva à Comicha (1): c'est une villace qui est fort grande à la vérité, car elle a plus de trois milles de tour; mais qui ressemble jdIus à un village qu'à une ville.
fn. 1Hhamd-oûllah place dans la province de Fårs « Qomichah et Qoulendjan, qui faisoient autrefois partie de l'Tràq, et qui sont situés sur les confins de cette province, et sur ceux du Färsistan.Qoùlendjan est un château de terre, et a plusieurs cantons dans sa dépendance; il fait partie du gouvernement de Qòmichali. Le climat en est à peu près le même que celui d'Isspahan; l'eau y vient par des aquedues souterrain; le sol y produit du blé, des fruits, du raisin; les habitans ressemblent à ceux d'Isspahan pour le carac-tère et le physique: ils ont toujours été adonnés à la double passion pour l'un et l'autre sexe. » Nozahat al-Qoloub, pag. 169 et 170 du nº. 127 des manuscrits persans de la Bibliothèque Impériale.P. Della Valle place Comsu (Qòmichah) à cinq ou six licues de Mayar. Fryer (Travels, pag. 25g), dit que le nom de ce bourg signilie ami du roi; mais je doute de la justesse de cette ex-plication. La Relation de Silva Figueroa (pag. 173) s'accorde avec le texte du géographe persan, touciant les canaux ou aque ducs souterrains qui contribuent à la fertilité de Qòmichah. (L-s.) [My journey ended at Comicha (1): it is a very large village, indeed, for it is more than three miles around; but it resembles more a village than a town.fn. 1 Hamd-ullah places in the province of Fars « Qomicha and Qulenjan, which were formerly part of Traq, and which are located on the borders of this province, and on those of Faristan.Qulenjan is an earthen castle, and has several cantons within its dependence; it is part of the government of Qomichali. The climate is roughly the same as that of Isfahan; water comes there through underground aqueducts; the soil produces wheat, fruit, and grapes; The inhabitants resemble those of Isfahan in character and physique: they have always been given to a dual passion for both sexes." Nozahat al-Qoloub, pp. 169 and 170 of No. 127 of the Persian manuscripts of the Imperial Library.P. Della Valle places Comsu (Qomichah) five or six miles from Mayar. Fryer (Travels, p. 25g) says that the name of this town means "friend of the king"; but I doubt the accuracy of this explanation. Silva Figueroa's Relation (p. 173) agrees with the Persian geographer's text, referring to the underground canals or aqueducts that contribute to the fertility of Qomichah. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 197-8
SOURCE for Comiffia
« Den 23. paficerden wy door Comiffia, zynde een tamelyke groote plaats, en redelyk digt bebouwd. Zyn ed: wierd gedurig in eer Palankyn gedragen. [On the 23rd we passed through Comiffia, a fairly large place, and fairly densely built up. His ed: was always carried in honourable manner.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260
SOURCE for Comixan
« 17 del dicho mes, y auiendose caminado seis leguas por camino llano y buena tierra, aunque sin arbol alguno, llegó á un buen lugar á que dauan nombre de çiudad, llamado Comixan, de quatrocien-tos ó quinientos veçinos. [On the 17th of the said month, and having traveled six leagues along a flat road and good land, although without any tree, he arrived at a good place that they called a city, called Comixan, with four hundred or five hundred neighbors.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 15
SOURCE for Commeshaw
« from Amno-baut we rode next day to Commeshaw, a Towne boafting in a thousand houſes and much Antiquitie. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 148
SOURCE for Comsce
« e, camminate cinque o sei altre leghe, la mattina del lunedi, col sole già alto, ci fer-mammo a riposare in un caravanserai di una villa grossa che chiamano Comscè; [and, after walking five or six more leagues, on Monday morning, with the sun already high, we stopped to rest in a caravan of a large villa which they call Comscè;] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Comushow
The 13th daye we came to Comushow [Qumishah], a fine plesant towne lying on a playne environed wth rockes. Here is good store of water. This towne is the last towne of the Kinges. Here we picht, hauing traveled 6 lges. of a very good waye.
« The 13th daye we came to Comushow [Qumishah], a fine plesant towne lying on a playne environed wth rockes. Here is good store of water. This towne is the last towne of the Kinges. Here we picht, hauing traveled 6 lges. of a very good waye. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 74
SOURCE for Komeshae
« Our whole distance was six fursucks, according to report, which we rode in about seven hours, as it was full an hour past noon when we entered Komeshae. At the distance of a mile before we reached this place, we came on the ruins of a deserted village, where there were now only a few gardens artificially watered, several large pigeon towers like those at I"paban, and an extensive burying-ground. The principal object visible in this last, was a large tomb, crowned by a cupola rising from amidst trees, and standing at the foot of a rocky mountain, its sacred precincts being marked by an enclosing wall. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 242
SOURCE for Kommehsja or Gomosja
« den 23. gereist zur Stadt Kommehsja oder Gomosja (Qomescha -Schahresa) in 7 Stunden etwa 6 Farsach, [On the 23rd, I traveled to the city of Kommehsja or Gomosja (Qomescha - Shahresa) in 7 hours, about 6 farsachs. ] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Komminsja
« Nous nous remimes en chemin le wingt-huitième, fur les 3. heures du matin, et paffämes à côté d'un moulin à cau, fur une petite riviere, que nous traverfames deux fois fur de petits ponts de pierre, et arrivames fur les 10. heures du matin à un grand bourg, nommé Komminsja, rempli de jardins et de petites tours, qui fervent de colombiers. [We set off again on the eighth, at 3 o'clock in the morning, and passed by a watermill, on a small river, which we crossed twice on small stone bridges, and arrived at 10 o'clock in the morning at a large town, named Komminsja, full of gardens and small towers, which were full of dovecotes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 254
SOURCE for Koomeshah
« We fared no better the next evening at the small town of Koomeshah » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 345
SOURCE for Kumeshah
« Leaving Mayar, the road crosses a wide, barren plain, surrounded by hills, to a small caravansarai called Atyab Shah, where water is brought in kanats. From here to camp there is a sprink- ling of villages. The last 2 miles are over rough ground, and two bridged nalas are passed. Kumeshah is a considerable walled town with good water from kanats. Several small caravansarais and a telegraph station, situated a quarter of a mile from a precipitous range of hills to the left of the valley. Supplies of all kinds procurable. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187
« At Kumeshah, the last stage but one before reaching Isfahan, I happened on a hospitable inspector of telegraphs, who entertained me royally, and gave me news again of the outside world. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 276
SOURCE for Kumishah
« Soon after 2 P.M. we came in sight of the blue dome of an Imámzádé, situated in the precincts of the considerable town of Kumishah. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 222
SOURCE for Qomishah
SOURCE for Qumishah
« thence 6 to Qūmishah city; total from Isfahan to Qūmishah 14 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175-6
SOURCE for Qumisheh

R167-091 Muksood Beggy
R167-091 Muksood Beggy : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Magsud Beyk , Maqsud Begi , Maqsud Beyk ,
Supplement: Kleiss states « The eight caravanserail buildings of Maqsud Beyk, seven of which could be identified, extend over a distance of 2 km from north to south on both sides of the Esfahan Abadeh - Shiraz road (Fig. 277). » Now only one can be possibly identified that is Maqsud Beyk, Karavanserail VI.
VARIANT names: caravasar , Carawansera , Die Karavanserails von Maqsud Beyk , Karawanserei Myrsa kuczik Kala , Machsud carauansera , Magfoe-begie caravanserai , Mahsud , Maksoubegui , Maksud Beg , Maksudbegi , Maqsud Begi , Marzubeki , Mirza-Kut-chec , Moxabeg , Moxutebeggy , Muchsawbeggu , Muksood Beggy ,
SOURCE for caravasar
« A 16 caminó la caravana siete leguas, á una mucho mas pobre y miserable aldea cuyo nonbre no mereçe hazerse memoria del; [At 16 the caravan traveled seven leagues, to a much poorer and more miserable village whose name does not deserve to be remembered;] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 14
SOURCE for Carawansera
« Upon the 22 we set forward again and had very hilly way, which
proved so incommodous that we travailed that day no more than 6 Dutch Miles, and took our Nights rest at a Carawansera, where we met another Caravan coming from Gammeron richly loaden with all sorts of Indian Commodities, and bound for several Markets in Persia. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 329
SOURCE for Die Karavanserails von Maqsud Beyk
« Die Karavanserails von Maqsud Beyk (Abb. 12; 277) (150)Lage: Maqsud Beyk liegt 35 km südöstlich von Shahreza (Qomsheh/ Qumisheh), 35 km nördlich von Izadkhast (Pro-vinz Fars), in +1900 m ü.N.N., an der Straße Esfahan Izadkhast - Shiraz, und 20 km nördlich von Karavanserail Aminabad (Provinz Fars). Maqsud Beyk ist der letzte Kara-wanenort in der Provinz Esfahan (moderne Provinzauftei-lung).Die 8 Karawanenbauten von Maqsud Beyk, von denen 7 erfaßt werden konnten, erstrecken sich auf einer Entfernung von 2 km von Nord nach Süd beiderseits der Straße Esfahan Abadeh - Shiraz (Abb. 277). Im Dorf Maqsud Beyk liegt eine stark befestigte Dorfburg, die gelegentlich auch als Un-terkunftsort für Reisende gedient haben mag (151).fn 150 Die sieben noch sichtbaren Karavanserail-Ruinen wurden am 9. 12. 1984 (Nr. V und VII), am 12.6.1987 (Nr. VI) und am 12. 12. 1988 (Nr. I, II, III und IV) vermessen.fn 151 W. Kleiss, AMI 26, 1993, 276ff. [The Caravanserails of Maqsud Beyk (Fig. 12; 277) (150)Location: Maqsud Beyk is located 35 km southeast of Shahreza (Qomsheh/Qumisheh), 35 km north of Izadkhast (Fars Province), at an elevation of 1900 m above sea level, on the Esfahan Izadkhast - Shiraz road, and 20 km north of the Aminabad Caravanserail (Fars Province). Maqsud Beyk is the last caravan settlement in the Esfahan Province (modern provincial division).The eight caravanserail buildings of Maqsud Beyk, seven of which could be identified, extend over a distance of 2 km from north to south on both sides of the Esfahan Abadeh - Shiraz road (Fig. 277). In the village of Maqsud Beyk lies a heavily fortified village castle, which may occasionally have served as accommodation for travelers (151).fn 150 The seven remaining caravanserai ruins were surveyed on December 9, 1984 (Nos. V and VII), on June 12, 1987 (No. VI), and on December 12, 1988 (Nos. I, II, III, and IV).fn 151 W. Kleiss, AMI 26, 1993, 276ff.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 141
SOURCE for Karawanserei Myrsa kuczik Kala
« Von dort 1/2 Stunde zur Karawanserei und zum Garten desselben Stifters geradewegs S + 0, wohin ein breiter, gleichma~iger Weg fiihrte. Hinter der Karawanserei war ein baumreicher Traubengarten mit dick bewachsenen Aileen von WeiBpappeln. Ein Wasser von den Hohen fiillte einen Teich und lief weiter nach Qomescha. -Diese Karawanserei mit ailem Anhang wurde genannt Myrsa kuczik Kala (Mirsi Kutschek Kili (?) oder Qal'a, Burg (?). Sie war wohlgebaut und zierlich, verfiel aber schon hie und da. Hatte von Ziegeln und Lehm auf dem gemeinen Erdgrunde erbaute [From there, a half-hour walk led directly south to the caravanserai and the garden of the same founder, to which a wide, level path led. Behind the caravanserai was a tree-filled vineyard with thick avenues of white poplars. A stream from the hills filled a pond and flowed on to Qomesha. This caravanserai with all its appurtenances was called Myrsa Kuczik Kala (Mirsi Kutschek Kili (?) or Qal'a, Castle (?). It was well-built and elegant, but already showing signs of decay here and there. It had been built of bricks and clay on common soil.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 88
SOURCE for Machsud carauansera
« The 19. I got six leagues, to the Village of Machsud. This Village hath a Carauansera well furnished with Lodg|ings and Stables. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
SOURCE for Magfoe-begie caravanserai
« Nous arrivámes fur les 11. heures au Caravanserai de Magfoe-begie, fans avoir rencontré juſques-là aucun gibier. Nous y trouvámes le long d'un petit canal des becaffines, des canards, des pigeons et desallouctes. [We arrived at the Magfoe-begie caravanserai at 11 o'clock, without having encountered any game until then. There, along a small canal, we found woodcocks, ducks, pigeons, and shelducks.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 254
SOURCE for Mahsud
« In the morning I rode to Mahsud. ... At length came Mahsud, the usual collection of mud walls, and a solitary chapar khaneh ; —' to my delight furnished with a table and a chair, on which I write this. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 275
SOURCE for Maksoubegui
« Le vingt-septième, je marchai depuis quatre heures du matin jusques à dix heures par une plaine bien ensemencée, et je logeai dans un carvansera appelé Maksoubegui. [On the twenty-seventh, I walked from four o'clock in the morning until ten o'clock through a well-sown plain, and I lodged in a carvansera called Maksoubegui.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ pp. 294-5
SOURCE for Maksud Beg
« the village of Maksúd Beg, where we arrived about 4.30 P.M. , was a most desolate - looking spot. Here we found the Jewish minstrels who had overtaken us at Marg entertaining the muleteers and villagers with a concert in the caravansaray. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 223
SOURCE for Maksudbegi
« and then over a wide cultivated valley to Kishara, a walled village, with a chaparkhana in cultivated country. Maksudbegi, after which this chaparkhana is named, is a walled village-like fort, quarter of a mile further on, and close under the precipitous hills on the left of the valley. Good crops of wheat and barley are grown here, and the villages are all supplied with water by kanats, and have each a few plough-bullocks. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187
SOURCE for Maqsud Begi
SOURCE for Marzubeki
« Daar na trokken wy door een dorp, genaamd Milakoerfiek, ennamen ons verblyf tot Marzubeki in een tamelyke Karrawanfera; dog de lyf-wagt nam haar verblyf in een tent, thaande nevem de Kartawanfera. Men heeft hier goed water, en ook viích; dog die is kleyn, en grondig. [Afterward, we passed through a village called Milakoorfiek and took up residence at Marzubeki in a fairly small Karrawanfera. However, the guards stayed in a tent near the Karrawanfera. There is good water here, as well as fish; however, it is small and plentiful.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260
SOURCE for Mirza-Kut-chec
« Le 5, je fis six petites lieues par le beau pays que j'ai représenté, qui est tout couvert de ruis-seaux et de villages. On en traverse un à moitié chemin, appelé Mirza-Kut-chec (Myrza Ku-tchuk), c'est-à-dire, petit prince, lequel durant l'été est un des agréables lieux qu'on puisse voir, et durant l'automne, celui où l'on mange les meilleurs melons. Sa principale beauté vient des jardins et des bâtimens qui y ont été faits par ce seigneur, de qui il porte le nom, qui étoit cèdre (ssedr), ou grand pontife, du temps d'A-bas - le - Grand, de qui il épousa une fille, à cause de quoi on lui donna ce nom de petit prince. Ma traite se termina à un joli village, nommé Maxud Bequi (1) du nom du ſeu fn. 1 Maqssoud Beyguy est situé à af milles anglais de Qòmichah, suivant Freyer (pag. 298 et 299), et à près de ao milles d'Yezd-Khôst, à cinq âghatch de Qomchah, suivant Thévenot, tom. IV, pag. 419. (L-s.) [On the 5th, I traveled six short leagues through the beautiful countryside I have depicted, which is covered with streams and villages. One is crossed halfway, called Mirza-Kut-chec (Myrza Ku-tchuk), that is, Little Prince, which during the summer is one of the pleasant places one can see, and during the autumn, the one where one eats the best melons. Its principal beauty comes from the gardens and buildings built there by this lord, after whom it is named, who was a cedar (ssedr), or high priest, in the time of Abas the Great, whose daughter he married, because of which he was given the name of Little Prince. My journey ended at a pretty village, named Maxud Bequi (1) after the name of the seu fn. 1 Maqssoud Beyguy is located at af English miles from Qòmichah, according to Freyer (pages 298 and 299), and at nearly ao miles from Yezd-Khôst, at five âghatch from Qomchah, according to Thévenot, tom. IV, page 419. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 202
SOURCE for Moxabeg
« Moxabeg » in {map#1322 Carte de l'itinéraire de Perse fait par Herbert, avec Dodmere Cotton, ambassadeur d'Angleterre, l'an 1627 / par P. du Val, , , }
« Next day, passing through De-Moxalbeg [Dih Maqsüd Begi], we got to Amno-baut [Aminābād], » #3211 ed Foster, William, Thomas Herbert, Travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ p. 119
SOURCE for Moxutebeggy
« Entering Parthia by this Mound, or heap of Earth, seemingly cast up on purpose to make this hollow Gulph, we were opposed by no other Mountains till we came to Moxutebeggy (1), though we encountred almost in every Village with old Castles made of Mud and almost turned to Earth again; fn 1 Maqsūd Begi, Maksud Beggi of Curzon's map (ii, 60), about 20 miles N. of Yezdikhast. Herbert (148) calls it De-Moxalbeg. According to Chardin, it took its name from "the late Lord Steward of Persia." "I travell'd...through a plain sow'd with store of grain, and lodg'd in an Inn called Maksonbegui” (Tavernier, 246). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 234
SOURCE for Muchsawbeggu
« About 5 in the Evening tooke leave of Mossrs. Weldon and Foulkes, the former beingabed by reason of his fall. Peter Lillye came with me to Muchsawbeggu, where arived about 10 at night, being 4 farsangs, good way; a bad caravensaroy, may have all things for a Traveller. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Muksood Beggy
« Our road over this plain lay about south-east by south, and at noon we reached the small station of Muksood Beggy. A large caravan from Shiraz, going to Ispahan, escorted by a troop of soldiers, had made their halt here, and every place of shelter was fully occupied by them. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 247

R167-092 Ammeenabad
R167-092 Ammeenabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Aminabad , امین آباد ,
VARIANT names: Amenabad , Aminabad , Ammanabaet , Ammeenabad , Amno-baut , Barak ,
SOURCE for Amenabad
« Il martedi mattina, un poco tardi, dopo aver camminato otto leghe, ci posanimo nella villa Amenabad, che s'interpreta Colonia di fede, e ci trattenemmo il giorno in un giardino che sta in mezzo tra la villa ed un castello che ivi è. [On Tuesday morning, a little late, after having walked eight leagues, we stopped at the Amenabad villa, which is interpreted as the Colony of Faith, and we spent the day in a garden which is between the villa and a castle which is there.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Aminabad
« Beyond Maksudbegi the country is cultivated for 3 miles, beyond which, at 12 miles, is Aminabad, a deserted village with a masonry caravansarai built by Shah Abbas, fast falling into ruins. This is the last village in Irak, and the road at a short distance beyond it enters the province of Fars » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187
SOURCE for Ammanabaet
« Nous en partimes à une heure du matin, et parvinmes fur les 5. heures au village d'Ammanabaet, qui fepare, à ce qu'on dit, la Perfe de la Parthide. [We left at one o'clock in the morning, and arrived at 5 o'clock at the village of Ammanabaet, which, it is said, separates Perf from Parthia.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 254
SOURCE for Ammeenabad
« Our course continued in nearly the same direction as before; but the plain had now changed from a light fertile soil to a gravelly and barren one, scantily spread with tufts of a thick wild graas, on which a few flocks of sheep were seen feeding. Not a village now appeared throughout our way, until after about four hours tra.velling we arrived at a small place called Ammeenabad. It was just before our entering this that we met three men on foot, » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 248
SOURCE for Amno-baut
« Next day (through De Moxalbeg) we got to Amno baut (by fome cald Boyall) a village of thirty families, all of them apoftat Georgians, inclofd, to exclude their ſhame, by a high, ttrong, round wall raifd with battlements, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 148
SOURCE for Barak
« between the present villages of Maqsüd Begi and Amānābåd, the latter known anciently by the name of Barak. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176 n. 1

R167-093 Yezdikhaust
R167-093 Yezdikhaust : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Izad Khast , Izad Khvast , Samirum , Yazd-e Khast , Yazd-e Khvast , Yezd-i-Khast , ایزد خواست ,
VARIANT names: Esduchos , Hiesdegas , Izad Khast , Izdehast , Jesdagaes , Jesdagaes , Jesdegas , Jurgestan , Lurgisthan Carauansera , Yazd-i-Khost , Yazdikhwast , Yes-de-gas , Yes-de-Kast , Yezdikhast , Yezd-khast , Yudacoss ,
SOURCE for Esduchos
« The Day alter we Marched Two and Thirty Miles to Esduchos (2): But before we exchanged Degurdu for this place, we accosted a Black Marble Mountain, fn 2 Herbert (148), writing Yezdicaws, is nearer the original name of this remarkable place than Fryer. It is Yezdikhast, explained by old writers to be a Pehlevi word signifying "God willed it." It has been described by many writers. "Yezdikhast is, truly enough, built on the top of a remarkable rock, and this rock does stand in the middle of a deep valley: but the latter, so far from being a valley in the ordinary acceptation of the term, is a deep gash or trench cut down to a depth of over 100 feet, without the slightest warning, in the middle of the plain, the edge being as clearly defined as Shakespeare's Cliff at Dover. One is almost on the brink of the gully before one is aware of its ex-istence. At the bottom flows a swift and dirty stream towards the east. ...I own I should never myself have detected any analogy to the hang-ing gardens of Babylon" (Curzon, ii, 66 ff.). Compare Goldsmid, 196. Illustrations will be found in Curzon (ii, 66): Goldsmid (226): Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles (330). It is the Yezdecas of Tavernier (246), who quotes a common proverb: "That to live happy, a Man nust have a wife ci Yezd, eat the bread of Yezdecas, and drink the wine of Schiras." Browne (p. 224) writes the name Yezdi Khwāst, which is doubtless correct, adding that "what is called the sar-hadd, a sum-mer road, bears to the south-west into the mountains; while the garmsir, or winter road, crosses the chasm or valley below Yezdikh-wást, and trends towards the south-east." The former was Fryer's route. See also on these routes, Goldsmid, 192. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 233
SOURCE for Hiesdegas
« A 15, dia de Pasqua, se hizo jornada en Hiesdegas, despues de auer andado con la carauana grandes ocho leguas, [On the 15th, Easter Day, a journey was made to Hiesdegas, after having traveled with the caravan a great eight leagues,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 13
SOURCE for Izad Khast
« The third march from Surmek, however, brought me to a place which deserves more notice-Yezdikhast. 'Shiraz,' says an old Persian proverb, 'is famous for wine, Yezdikhast for bread, and Yezd for women.' But there is more than bread to see at Yezdikhast. Truly it is one of the most extraordinary villages of the world From ofon eg the trolladas » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 272
SOURCE for Izdehast
« La notte, levata la luna, si riprese al solito il viaggio: ma fatte solamente quattro leghe, il mercoledi, più di un'ora innanzi giorno, arrivammo alla villa Izdehast, che vuol dir Dio volle: dove convenne fermarsi, perchè non vi era altro luogo da ripo-sare, se non molto lontano. [At night, when the moon had risen, we resumed our journey as usual: but having gone only four leagues, on Wednesday, more than an hour before daybreak, we arrived at the villa Izdehast, which means God willed: where we had to stop, because there was no other place to rest, except very far away.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Jesdagaes
« Diary of 8 February 1707/8.Yudacoss. Yazd-i-Khôst. The Izdekhast of Della Valle (Hak. Soc. ed. III, 296).For a long note on this place see Fryer, op. cit., II, 233. When Thévenot first visited "Yes-de-Kast in 1665 (pp. 120-121), he found it "very little, having but only one street," the place "built upon a narrow rock" and "in manifest danger" of "falling down topsie turvy all at once." In 1667 he found the old village forsaken and another town, the one visited by Scattergood, in process of erection "to the northward." Struys says (p. 339) that the village was formerly called "Jurgestan, now Jesegas," and Hedges remarks of "Yes-de-gas" (I, 209) that it had "a good Caravan Serai, built in a vast great ditch. Le Bruyn (II, 3) has an illustration of the village of "Jesdagaes" as it appeared from the Kårwânsarâî in October 1704. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 46-7
SOURCE for Jesdegas
« Wy namen onze ruft op Jesdegas in ee'n fchoone groote Karrawanfera, ftaande by een brug, daar een fnelle rievier onder doorloopt, Hier heeft men een moorddadig en wederfpannig volk, woonende op zeer hooge klippen, die ftyl afloopen, daz men fchrikt, zoo men na om laag ziet [We took up our rest at Jesdegas in a beautiful, large Karrawanfera, standing by a bridge, under which a swift river flows. Here they have a murderous and unruly people, living on very high cliffs, which slope down so steeply that one is frightened when one looks down.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260
SOURCE for Jurgestan
« That day we travailed 7 Dutch Miles and came at night to a Village formerly called Jurgestan, now Iesegas. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 329
SOURCE for Lurgisthan Carauansera
« The 21. I travell'd 10. leagues, to a Carauansera, cal'ed Iurgisthan, very ill way, and so much the more incommodious, by reason of the wind and snow, which hindred me very much. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Yazd-i-Khost
SOURCE for Yazdikhwast
« and thence 7 to Yazdikhwāst village. Total: from Qūmishah to Yazdikhwāst 12 leagues, and from Isfahan 26 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
« From this point we could clearly see before us a small conical hill, beyond which lay the hamlet of Yezdikhwást, which I was so anxious to see. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 224
SOURCE for Yes-de-gas
SOURCE for Yes-de-Kast
SOURCE for Yezdikhast
« The second day was a record-breaker; we rode seventy-seven miles in the hours between 5.10 A.M. and 10.45 p.m., when we reached Yezdikhast, one of the most curiously situated places that can be imagined. It is perched on top of a rocky height that looks, as one approaches it, like some gigantic ship that has been turned to stone in the midst of a river bed that has been dry for ages. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 277
SOURCE for Yezd-khast
« Je logeai à Yesdecast (Yezd-hhâsi), château et bourg, situés dans une vallée longue de vingt lieues, sept à l'orient du château, et treize à l'occident, et large de demi-lieue, presque partout. [I stayed at Yesdecast (Yezd-hhâsi), a castle and town, located in a valley twenty leagues long, seven to the east of the castle, and thirteen to the west, and half a league wide almost everywhere.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 204
SOURCE for Yudacoss

R167-094 Gombez Lala
R167-094 Gombez Lala : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 31.338806 long 52.179942 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Gombeslala , Gombez Lala , Gumbazellello , Gumber allalah , Gunbad-Qala ,
SOURCE for Gombeslala
« Gombeslala » in {map#1323 Itinéraire de Perse d'Ispaham à Siras, de Siras à Lar, et de Lar à Gombru prés d'Ormus / dressé sur la relation de Pietro della Vallé par P. Du-Val, , , fig. }
« On passe à mi-chemin un château de terre, flan-qué de quatre tours, qui n'est pas fort ruiné, quoiqu'il soit tout abandonné. On l'appelle Gom-bes lalà (2), parce qu'il est vis-à-vis d'une sépul-ture de saint, qui est sous un dôme; et l'on ap-pelle un dôme Gombes, en persan.fn. 2 Gombez lálá: le premier mot est arabe et signifie une voûte. et une coupole; il désigne aussi par extension une chapelle sépul-crale. On peut voir sur ce mot lala le tome Ier, pag. 6o, not. The-venot écrit gombez cala; gombez est le synonyme persan du ruot arabe qoubbéh; mais cala est une faute. (L-s.) [Halfway along, we pass an earthen castle, flanked by four towers, which is not very ruined, although it is completely abandoned. It is called Gom-bes lalà (2), because it is opposite a saint's tomb, which is under a dome; and a dome is called Gombes in Persian.fn. 2 Gombez lálá: the first word is Arabic and means a vault and a dome; it also designates, by extension, a sepulchral chapel. We can see this word lala in volume 1, page 60, note. The-venot writes gombez cala; gombez is the Persian synonym for the Arabic ruot qoubbéh; but cala is a mistake. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 220
« De là je passai près d'un méchant château nommé Gombeslala, [From there I passed near a nasty castle called Gombeslala,] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 295
SOURCE for Gombez Lala
« The monarch dropping his whip, called to his follower to alight and take it up from the ground. The faithful slave did so; but in the act fell on the earth, and expired on the spot, from excessive exertion. He was accordingly buried here, and this tomb was erected to his memory: from which moment the place has been called Gombez Lala, or the Tomb of the Slave.' » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p.
SOURCE for Gumbazellello
« and next to Degardom, eight leagues from which place, (and neerer Tendycaus) we rode over afteepe Mountaine of black fhining Marble, (and where are Quarries of Serpentine and Porphyre, if the earth were lookt into) the defcent was ſo percipicious, that but by ragged ſteps and thoſe not a little dangerous, was no riding downe: howbeit downe we got, and that night rode to Gumbazellello famous in a Carvanforaw and the best wheat bread in Perfia:) » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 148
SOURCE for Gumber allalah
« Dann SSO 1 Stunde durch eine schmale Ebene zwischen nicht sehr hohen Bergen oder Hügeln, die mit Cementina und Dermina so reichlich bedeckt war, wie unsre Heide mit Eruca, bis Gumber allalah (Peigambar-e Allah?). In diesem verfallenen Schlosse, das ein starkes Tor hatte und ein klares süßes Quellwasser, wohnten einige Locri (?) (Luri, Bewohner Luristans?), wie auch ein unlängst angekommener Rahdâr. So wohl auch in einigen schwarzen Zelten, die bei dem Schlosse aufgeschlagen waren. [Then, for one hour south-southeast, across a narrow plain between low mountains or hills, covered with cementina and dermina as abundantly as our heath is with eruca, to Gumber Allah (Peigambar-e Allah?). In this dilapidated castle, which had a strong gate and a clear, sweet spring, lived some Locri (?) (Luri, inhabitants of Luristan?), as well as a recently arrived Rahdar. There were probably also some black tents pitched near the castle.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 90
SOURCE for Gunbad-Qala
« Afterwards, one passed a little castle called Gunbad-Qal'a, where there was also a ruined village; Speelman calls it a small village, in which a few families only lived. It was an old fortress, with a tomb in which a holy man named Imāmzāda Muhammad Hājji was buried, providing the reason for its name (gunbad "dome"). The latter is confirmed by Chardin, who like Tavernier, also referred to a ruined castle with four towers. Kaempfer men-tioned the dilapidated fortress, which had good water, and was inhabited by some Lurs and a recently arrived rähdär. (52) The Dutch embassy in 1691 considered Gunbad-Qal'a to be a miserable karavansaray, which formerly had been a resort of rebels. Also, close by it was a square old tomb with an Imāmzāda, still partly tiled. The water was of reasonable quality. (53) The rebellion referred to must have taken place after July 1645, for Winninx mentions the stronghold as having been built a few years previously in order to provide security for travellers, because the area had been infested with bandits. (54)fn. 52 Speelman, pp. 125-6 (Gommesella; Mansada Mahometh Hasi; Gombes = dome); Thevenot, vol. II, p. 121 (Chotali-Naar-Schekeni; Gombez Cala); Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, p. 91 (Gumber allalah); Winninx, 31 July (Combazala); via the mountain Naatsikan; Valentijn, vol. V, p. 260 (Combesilala); Tavernier, p. 295 (Kotel innal tekeheni; Gombeslala); Herbert, p. 118 (Gumbazelello) ascribed the best wheaten-bread to this town; Chardin, vol. VIII, p. 220 (Gombes lala).fn. 53 Valentijn, vol. V, p. 260; LeBrun, p. 308 (Gombes-Lala) a very small village.fn. 54 Winninx, 31 July. »
#1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 72

R167-095 Degerdoo
R167-095 Degerdoo : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FRMQ UFI: 10342280 coordinate: lat 31.1618 long 52.2472
NIMA/GNS names: Deh Gerdu , ده گردو ,
VARIANT names: Dedergoe , Degardow , Degerdoo , Deguerdou , Degurdu , Deh Gerdu , Dehegerdow , Dehighirdu , Dih Gerdu ,
SOURCE for Dedergoe
« Le trente et unieme de ce mois nous arrivames fur les 10. heures à Dedergoe, village ſitué à 8. lieuës de Jefdegaes, où nous fümes furpris d'une groſſe tempête, et d'une pouffiere fi épaifle que nous avions de la peine à ouvrir les yeux, outre qu'il faifoit froid. [On the thirty-first of this month we arrived at 10 o'clock at Dedergoe, a village located 8 leagues from Jefdegaes, where we were surprised by a great storm, and a dusting so thick that we had difficulty opening our eyes, besides the fact that it was cold.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ pp. 255-6
SOURCE for Degardow
« Next night we lay in Whomgesh; next in Cuzcuzar [Khūshk-i-Zard); next we came to Bazeba-chow, and next to Degardow [Dih-i-girdū]: eight leagues from which place (and near Yezdycawz) we rode over a mountain of black marble (where doubtless are quarries of serpentine and porphyry, if the earth were examined). » #3211 ed Foster, William, Thomas Herbert, Travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ p. 118
SOURCE for Degerdoo
« In four hours more we came to a small station called Degerdoo, containing only a few huts, enclosed by square mud walla with bastions, and a small caravansera without. The distance of these Irtations was said to be eight fursucks, which we had come, for the first time, in an equal number of hours, having ridden a brisk pace in a large company. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 256
SOURCE for Deguerdou
« J'arrivai de nuit à Déguerdou, sans avoir débridé de tout le jour. Mon bagage étoit sur quatre mules vigoureuses , et j'étois bien monté. » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 221
SOURCE for Degurdu
« We kept on to Degurdu (1), signifying the Walnut Town, where grew never an one, and lodged our selves here before Noon, the Sun not in the least annoying us. fn 1 Dehgerdu of Curzon’s map (ii, 60). Pers. dih-girdu, “walnut village.” Herbert (148) writes Degardow : Tavernier (246) “ Dehigherdou, or the village of wall-nuts.” » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 233
SOURCE for Deh Gerdu
SOURCE for Dehegerdow
« The 17th daye we came to Dehegerdow [Dih-i-girdu], a lit! towne in a veri barren place, but good water. Here we picht in the Duckes1 howse, hauing traveled 8 1ges. fayre waye but manye turninges.
fn. 1 i.e., Imam Quli Khan, Duke of Shiraz. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 74
SOURCE for Dehighirdu
« Al far della notte ripigliammo di nuovo il cammino, e dopo otto leghe di strada, la mattina del giovedi, a buon'ora, arrivammo ad alloggiare nella villa Dehighirdu, che è tanto come a dire in lingua nostra, Villa delle noci, così detta per la molta quantità delle noci che ivi si trovano. Stemmo noi dentro al caravanserai che vi è, in mezzo del quale quattro belli e grandi alberi piantativi fanno ombra deliziosa. [At nightfall we set out again, and after eight leagues of road, early on Thursday morning, we arrived to lodge in the Dehighirdu villa, which is as much as to say in our language, Villa of the walnuts, so called because of the great quantity of walnuts that are found there. We stayed inside the caravanserai that is there, in the middle of which four beautiful and large plant trees give delightful shade.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241-242
SOURCE for Dih Gerdu
« From Yazdikhwäst by the summer road to Shirāz.-From Yazdikhwāst in 8 leagues to Dih Girdū, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176

R167-097 caravansera Koosk Zer
R167-097 caravansera Koosk Zer : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kushk Zad , Kushk Zar , Kushk-e Zar , Kushk-e Zard , Kushk-e Zard , Kushk-i-Zard , Qasr-e Zar , کوشک زر , کوشک زرد ,
VARIANT names: caravansera Koosk Zer , Cuscuza Caravan Ser Raw , Cuskezar , Cuzcuzar , Keuch Kezar , Khushk-i-Zard , Kouchkizerd , Kouskiefar , Kusckiker al. Cuscuzar , Kushk-e Zard ,
SOURCE for caravansera Koosk Zer
« At noon we reached a ruined caravansera called Koosk Zer, said to have been built by Shah Abbas, and certainly wrought with more labour and expense than any preceding one that we bad seen. The brick-work was faced with large blocks of stone; the dome at the entrance was tiled; and there was fine sculptured frame-work at the gate, with inner chambers, and other conveniences. It was of an octagonal form within, and was altogetber a fine building, thougb it was now entirely abandoned. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 257
SOURCE for Cuscuza Caravan Ser Raw
« We passed two Pharsangs to Cuscuzar (1), giving both Name to the Valley and Village: Here is a small but delicate Caravan Ser Raw, though something improvidently built, the Upper Part being too heavy for the Foundation, it being paved with large Square Stone over the Cloysters, which already begin to press down the Walls, which are most elegantly adorned with Painted Bricks and Polished Marbles, both too weak for so great a Weight.fn 1 Khushki Zard, some 25 miles by road N. of Asupas. Herbert writes the name in the same way as Fryer (148). "Two days Journey from thence [Mayen] you enter into the Plains of the Province of Cuscuzar, where the King of Persia keeps his race horses" (Tavernier, 66, 246). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 232
SOURCE for Cuskezar
« The 18th daye we came to Cuskezar [Khushk-i-Zard], a poor litle towne lying on a very large playne but very barren. In the on end of this towne vpon a litl hillok ther is a castle, wch maye be seene 5l1ges. off. Here we picht, hauing traveled 7 1ges. of very fayre waye, and lodged in a muskeet [mosque], wch we call a church. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Cuzcuzar
« Next night we lay in Whomgesh; next in Cuzcuzar [Khūshk-i-Zard); next we came to Bazeba-chow, and next to Degardow [Dih-i-girdū]: eight leagues from which place (and near Yezdycawz) we rode over a mountain of black marble (where doubtless are quarries of serpentine and porphyry, if the earth were examined). » #3211 ed Foster, William, Thomas Herbert, Travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ p. 118
SOURCE for Keuch Kezar
« Le 8, je fis sept licues, et comme c'étoit par de belles plaines, où le chemin est fort uni, ma traite fut bien plus courte et moins rude que le jour précédent. Après quatre lieues de marche, je passai sur un petit pont de pierre une rivière étroite, mais profonde en tous temps, nommée Polichiokou (2), et après avoir fait les trois autres lieues, j'arrivai à Keuch Kezar, qui est un village gros de deux cents maisons, environné d'eaux de tous côtés. Keuch Kezar (3) veut dire pavil-fn. 2 Politcheknem; c'est le nom d'un pont de pierre, célébre auprès de Chyraz. (L-s.)fn.3 Lisez kiochh-zer, pavillon d'or. Environ à une lieue de sett Bourgade. P. della Valle (tom. IV, pag. 304) place un beau pont sur une rivière à laquelle il donne le nom de ce même bourg; Thêvenot le place à 7 grands åghåtch du precedent, et s'accorde avec Chardin pour y avoir trouvé des Circassiens transportés de leur pays natal par cihah Abbas Ier, vers 1604, qui vouloit par cette mesure reparer la population de quelques cantons de la Perse, et sur-tout affamer les armées turkes. (L-s.) [On the 8th, I made seven journeys, and as it was across beautiful plains, where the road is very smooth, my trek was much shorter and less arduous than the previous day. After four leagues of walking, I crossed a narrow but always deep river, named Polichiokou (2), on a small stone bridge. After traveling the other three leagues, I arrived at Keuch Kezar, which is a village with two hundred houses, surrounded by water on all sides. Keuch Kezar (3) means pavilion-fn. 2 Policheknem; it is the name of a stone bridge, famous near Chyraz. (L-s.)fn. 3 Read kiochh-zer, golden pavilion. About a league from this village. P. della Valle (volume IV, page 304) places a beautiful bridge over a river to which he gives the name of this same town; Thêvenot places it 7 large åghåtch from the previous one, and agrees with Chardin in having found Circassians transported there from their native country by cihah Abbas I, around 1604, who wanted by this measure to repair the population of some cantons of Persia, and above all to starve the Turkish armies. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 221
SOURCE for Khushk-i-Zard
« Khushk-i-Zard » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No. 17 Shiraz 1936}
« while the (shorter, western, or) sum-mer road is to the right, by Küshk-i-Zard. ... thence 7 to Küshk-i-Zard, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
SOURCE for Kouchkizerd
« Le deuxième, je marchai depuis minuit jusqu'à dix heures du matin parmi les neiges, ayant fait trois heures de chemin dans une plaine assez stérile, pour venir à Kouchkizerd où il y a un carvansera neuf et bien bâti. [The second, I walked from midnight until ten o'clock in the morning among the snows, having made three hours of journey in a rather barren plain, to come to Kouchkizerd where there is a new and well-built caravanserai.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 295
SOURCE for Kouskiefar
« Nous arrivames fur les deux heures au village de Kouskiefar, qui a un bon Caravanserai de pierre, où nous nous arrétámes, [We arrived at the village of Kouskiefar in two hours, which has a good stone caravanserai, where we stopped,] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 256
SOURCE for Kusckiker al. Cuscuzar
« A notte, dopo aver cenato, partimmo di là; e camminate due leghe, il venerdi matina poco innanzi l'alba arrivammo a riposarci nella villa Kusekizer, nella quale, oltre degli abitatori paesani, vi sono anche molte caso di Giorgiani e di Circassi, fattevi da questo re modernamente d'altronde, e di lontano trasmigrare. Circa una lega prima di arrivare alla villa, si passò per ponte di buona fabbrica un piccolo fiume, che io non so che abbia altro nome che il fiume di Kusekizer. [At night, after supper, we left there; and having walked two leagues, on Friday morning shortly before dawn we arrived to rest at the Kusekizer villa, in which, besides the inhabitants of the village, there are also many Georgians and Circassians, brought there by this king in modern times from elsewhere, and from far away. About a league before arriving at the villa, we crossed a small river by a well-made bridge, which I do not know of any other name than the river of Kusekizer.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 242
SOURCE for Kushk-e Zard
« The marshland ends. The hills on the W. recede for a short distance. The road rises slightly to within half a mile of Kushk-i-Zard, which is reached at 21 miles. The ruins of a spacious caravanserai give the place a somewhat imposing appearance. Attached to this is a walled and castellated mud village said to contain about 120 houses, of which only half, according to native report, are now inhabited, recent rains having wrought havoc in the village. The inhabitants are of Iliat origin. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 371

R167-096 Caravansera Shah Sultan Hussan (?)
R167-096 Caravansera Shah Sultan Hussan (?) : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 30.915098 long 52.441914 † basis (p)
Supplement: possibly ruined caravanserai square, external walls 47m with internal courtyard 36m square having circular towers at four corners orientated 45° to north. adjacent to north east corner ruined rectangular building 34x21m
VARIANT names: Caravansera Shah Sultan Hussan (?) , caravanserai (?) nr Bazbacheh ,
SOURCE for Caravansera Shah Sultan Hussan (?)
« Our next stage being a long one, we set out three boors before sun-rise, going south-south-cast, over uneven ground, and at day-break we came to a ruined station called Caravansera Shah Sultan Hussan. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 256
SOURCE for caravanserai (?) nr Bazbacheh

R167-098 Abarik
R167-098 Abarik : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FRM UFI: -3755006 coordinate: lat 30.706152 long 52.482504
NIMA/GNS names: Ab Barik , آب باریک ,
VARIANT names: Ab Barik , Abarik , Whoomgesh ,
SOURCE for Ab Barik
SOURCE for Abarik
« In about four hours from Koosk Zer we reached the station of Abarik, having come, as yesterday, eleven fursucks in as many hours, the fursuck being certainly about four English miles. This is a miserable place ; » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 258
SOURCE for Whoomgesh
« location approximate being south of the river Thymar and north of Affepofe » PBR

R167-099 Kotel Imaum Zade
R167-099 Kotel Imaum Zade : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PASS UFI: -3194516 coordinate: lat 30.3756 long 52.5813
NIMA/GNS names: Gardaneh-i-Imamzadeh-i-Isma`il , Gardaneh-ye Emamzadeh Esma`il , Gardan-i-Imamzadeh-i-Isma`il , گردنه امامزاده اسماعيل ,
VARIANT names: Gardaneh-ye Emamzadeh Esma`il , Kotel Imaum Zade , Pass of Mayin ,
SOURCE for Gardaneh-ye Emamzadeh Esma`il
SOURCE for Kotel Imaum Zade
« The echo in this part of the mountains was very perfect and loud ; the scenery was wild and interesting, especially the view in the valley below. This pass is called Kotel Imaum Zade, as it leads down to the village of that name, where we did not arrive till sunset, though the distance was said to be only nine fursucks ; » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 260
SOURCE for Pass of Mayin
« thence 7 leagues through the very stony Pass of Mayin to the town of Mäyin, and all the roads leading to Mayin are very stony. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176

R167-100 fine old caravansera
R167-100 fine old caravansera : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 30.316056 long 52.587379 † basis (p)
Supplement: On the southern edge of the village stood the caravanserai, which was completely demolished. The village school now stands in its place.
VARIANT names: Amanzada caravasar , Emamzadeh Esma'il Karavanserail , fine old caravansera , Karrawanfera Esmaal ,
SOURCE for Amanzada caravasar
« Otro dia, diez, caminó el Enbaxador tres leguas con toda la carauana que halló junta en el dicho lugar, has-ta Amanzada, una aldea de pocas casas, recogidas dentro de un caravasar cercado de buena muralla, [Another day, the tenth, the Ambassador walked three leagues with all the caravan he found gathered in the said place, to Amanzada, a village of few houses, gathered within a caravanserai enclosed by a good wall,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 9
SOURCE for Emamzadeh Esma'il Karavanserail
« Emamzadeh Esma'il (Isma'il) (Abb. 5; 132) (93)Lage: Etwa 25 km (Luftlinie) südlich des Karavanserails Ab Barik und 20 km nördlich des Karavanserails Mahin, südlich unterhalb eines Passes, in + 1730 m ü. N. N., an der Kurzstrecke von Esfahan nach Shiraz. ... Am nördlichen Ortsrand steht das Emamzadeh Esma'il, ein modern umbautes, safavidisches Kuppel-Emamzadeh. Am südlichen Ortsrand stand das Karavan-serail, es wurde vollständig abgerissen. An seiner Stelle steht heute die Schule des Ortes.
fn. 93 Der Ort Emamzadeh Esma'il wurde am 21. 9. 1988 besucht. [Emamzadeh Esma'il (Isma'il) (Fig. 5; 132) (93)Location: Approximately 25 km (as the crow flies) south of the Ab Barik caravanserai and 20 km north of the Mahin caravanserai, south of a pass, at +1730 m above sea level, on the short route from Isfahan to Shiraz. ... On the northern edge of the village stands the Emamzadeh Esma'il, a modernly rebuilt, Safavid domed emamzadeh. On the southern edge of the village stood the caravanserai, which was completely demolished. The village school now stands in its place.fn. 93 The village of Emamzadeh Esma'il was visited on September 21, 1988.] »
#3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 78
SOURCE for fine old caravansera
« There are the remains of a fine old caravansera in ruins there, so that passengers now take shelter in the villagers' dwellings when they are few in number, and sleep without, if forming a numerous caravan. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 261
SOURCE for Karrawanfera Esmaal
« de voet van dezenberggingen wy voorby een dorp, de huizen in twee partyen ver- doeld zynde, alwaar mede zoodanige grafftede als de voornoemde, ea ook een ichoone nieuwe Karrawanfera was. Dit dorp werd Esmaal genaamd. [At the foot of this hill we passed a village, the houses being divided into two groups, where there was also a similar burial place to the one mentioned above, and also a small new Karrawanfera. This village was called Esmaal.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 261

R167-101 caravansera Moayn
R167-101 caravansera Moayn : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: caravansera Moayn , caravansera Moayn , Karavanserail Mahin , Karrawanfera Majien , Majien caravanserai ,
SOURCE for caravansera Moayn
« From hence we went south-westerly, and in two hours more we reached the station of Moayn, distant from Imaum Zade three fursucks. This village, which was large, and surrounded with gardens, was also seated in a close valley, and had an agreeable appearance. We found here a large caravan of mules from Shiraz, halting in the open air ; but we took shelter ourselves in a half-ruined caravansera, not entirely abandoned. We had already received instructions about our road » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 262
« From hence we went south-westerly, and in two hours more we reached the station of Moayn, distant from Imaum Zade three fursucks. This village, which was large, and surrounded with gardens, was also seated in a close valley, and had an agreeable appearance. We found here a large caravan of mules from Shiraz, halting in the open air; but we took shelter ourselves in a half-ruined caravansero, not entirely absndoned. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 262
SOURCE for Karavanserail Mahin
« Karavanserail Mahin (Taf. 13,4; 14,1) (Abb. 5; 133) 94Lage: 20 km südlich von Emamzadeh Esma'il und 25 km nördlich der Pol-e Now, an der Kurzstrecke von Esfahan nach Shiraz, in + 1630 m ü. N. N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier lwanen, überkuppeltem Portal, zwei Stallabteilungen und großen Rundtürmen an den Ecken.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 55,50 × 54 m, Hofabmessungen 26 x 26m, Höhe des Kuppelrau-mes 7,80 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 7,40 m (Abb. 134).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22 × 22 × 5cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavan. serail ist sehr stark verfallen.Inschriften: Eine Bauinschrift über dem Portal ist verloren.Datierung: Sehr wahrscheinlich safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.fn. 94 Das Karavanserail Mahin wurde am 10. 6. 1987 vermessen. [Mahin Caravanserai (Plates 13.4; 14.1) (Fig. 5; 133) 94Location: 20 km south of Emamzadeh Esma'il and 25 km north of Pol-e Now, on the short route from Isfahan to Shiraz, at +1630 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four lavands, a domed portal, two stable sections, and large round towers at the corners.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 55.50 × 54 m, courtyard dimensions 26 × 26 m, height of the domed room 7.80 m, height of the portal structure 7.40 m (Fig. 134).Building material: Fired bricks (22 × 22 × 5 cm).Structural features and condition: The caravan. The seraglio is very dilapidated.Inscriptions: A construction inscription above the portal is lost.Dating: Most likely Safavid, 17th century.fn. 94 The Mahin Caravanserai was surveyed on June 10, 1987.] »
#3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 78
SOURCE for Karrawanfera Majien
Wy namen om verblyf in een luttig dorp, wel beplant van vrugt-en andere boomen, in een tamelyke Karrawanfera, daar van alles te koop is. Daar gingen wy onze vermoeide leden met een goeden teug warme wyn zalven: want men de zelve heel weinig te koop kan krygen op de wegen. Dit dorp is Majien geriaamd. [We stayed in a small village, well-planted with fruit and other trees, in a fairly small Karrawanfera, where all sorts of things are for sale. There we soothed our weary limbs with a good draught of warm wine, as it's very hard to find on the roads. This village is called Majien.]
SOURCE for Majien caravanserai
« Nous pourfuivimes enfuite notre chemin le long de ce canal, par des terres labourecs, et arrivámes à 3. heures au Caravanserai de Majien, où nous nous arrêtimes. [We continued our journey along this canal, through cultivated lands, and arrived at 3 o'clock at the Caravanserai of Majien, where we stopped.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 257

R167-103 Futhabad
R167-103 Futhabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Fatehabad , Fatehabad , Fatehabad , Fathabad , Fathabad , Fathabad , Fathabad-e Sofla , فتح آباد سفلی ,
VARIANT names: Fatehabad , Futhabad ,
SOURCE for Fatehabad
SOURCE for Futhabad
« It was about noon when we reacbed Futhabad, where we found excellent accommodation in an upper room, immediately over the gate of entrance to tbe village, looking down on tbe place of general assembly among the villagers, yet perfectly secure from intrusion. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 265

R167-104 Shemsabad
R167-104 Shemsabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 146863 coordinate: lat 29.9655 long 52.8531
NIMA/GNS names: Shamsabad-e Borzu , شمس آباد برزو ,
VARIANT names: Shamsabad-e Borzu , Shemsabad ,
SOURCE for Shamsabad-e Borzu
SOURCE for Shemsabad
« o??. 23d. We left Futhabad an hour before daylight, and, going through its eastern gate, went nearly north-north-east over a by-path. In half an hour we passed on our right a small village called Shemsabad, » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 265

R167-105 Zenghiabad
R167-105 Zenghiabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Zangiabad , زنگی آباد ,
VARIANT names: Zangavar , Zangiabad , Zenghiabad ,
SOURCE for Zangavar
« and we proceeded in a straight line towards the village of Zangavar (situated on the same side of the river as Hájíábád, nearer the end of the valley), where I proposed to halt for the following day, as it forms the best starting-point for visiting Persepolis and the rock- sepulchres of Naksh- i- Rustam. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 247
SOURCE for Zangiabad
SOURCE for Zenghiabad
« In half an hour we passed on our right a small village called Shemsabad, and in another half-hour we passed a second, called Zenghiabad. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 265

R167-102 old bridge
R167-102 old bridge : place IRN (bridge)
NIMA/GNS feature: BDG UFI: -3078465 coordinate: lat 30.0483 long 52.6973
NIMA/GNS names: Pol Now , Pol Now Kuchak , Pol Now-e Kuchek , Pol-e Now , Pol-e Now Kuchek , پل نو ,
Supplement: 5 arches
VARIANT names: old bridge , Pol-e Now , Pouli-now , Pul-i Naw , Puli-neu , stone bridge four arches ,
SOURCE for old bridge
« When we bad gone two fursucks from our first turning off tbe high road, we arrived at an old bridge, of eigbt or ten arebes, the centre one about twenty feet in span, and tbirty in height. This was a Mohammedan work, and had been often repaired both with brick and stone, but it was now falling fast to decay, though it was still passable. A rapid stream ran here in a deep bed, and bent its course south-easterly, througb the great plain of Merdusht, now open before us. ... We were joined here by an old man of a neighbouring village, from whom we learned that this stream was the river Bund Ameer, which bad its rise in the mountains of Komfirouze, at a distance of ten short days' journeys to the north-west, being the limits of Fars on the borders of the Bactiari. About five years since, he said, it had swelled 80 high in winter, that it rose over the bridge, which was full fifty feet above its present level, inundated this narrow entrance into the plain, extending from mountain to mountain on each side, and rendered the road impasasble for several weeks. For the two last years, however, he added, it had been almost dry, from the general failure of the rains; and indeed it was now easily fordable in the deepest part, though the stream was still running with great force and rapidity. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 264
SOURCE for Pol-e Now
SOURCE for Pouli-now
« In addition, there was a five-arched bridge called the Pul-i Naw (Pouli-now) or New Bridge, though it was somewhat ruinous in 1665. The bridge had been built by an Indian mer-chant, and at this point the river was locally called Ab-i Pul-i Naw (Abpulneu), the New Bridge River.ref 1169 p74 » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 74
SOURCE for Pul-i Naw
« Thence in 4 leagues-passing by the Castles of Istakhr and Shikastah, which overhang the road on the left hand to Pül-i-Naw (New Bridge, over the Kur), » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
SOURCE for Puli-neu
« Si trovava qui un ponte di buona fabbrica di mattoni, che se ben è vecchio e coi parapetti tutti rovinati, lo chiamano non-dimeno puli neu, cioè ponte nuovo, nome che dovette restargli infin da quando fu fatto. [Here there was a bridge made of good bricks, which although it is old and with its parapets all ruined, they nevertheless call it puli neu, that is, new bridge, a name which must have remained ever since it was built.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 244
« Ce pont est de pierres de taille, haut et élevé, fait en dos d'àne, comme la plupart des ponts de Perse, qui sont sur les grands chemins, de ma-nière que, pour les passer, il faut toujours monter et descendre. La grande arche du pont est creuse; il y a une chambre pour prendre le frais, et pour regarder le fleuve, ce qui se voit à presque tous les grands ponts de la Perse. Celui-ci s'appelle Puli-neu, c'est-à-dire, le Pont-Neuf (1). Un marchand des Indes, qui avoit gagné beaucoup de bien dans ses voyages, le fit bâtir.fn.1 Lisez Pouli neou. Dès 1618 et 1619, l'ambassadeur espagnol D. Garcias de Silva Figueroa avoit trouvé ce Pont-Neuf tellement ruiné qu'on avoit jeté sur l'arche du milieu, qui étoit entièrentent rompue des arbres recouverts de planches et de terre. Ces arbres, quoique tres-gros, trembloient sous les pieds des voyageurs, à cause de leur grande portée. P. della Valle et Thévenot ne paroissent pas l'avoir tronvé en meilleur état. Le premier dit qu'il est en briques et bordé d'un parapet. C. le Bruyn s'accorde avec Chardin, et dit qu'il est ca pierres. (L-s.) [This bridge is made of cut stone, high and lofty, made in the shape of a humpback, like most of the bridges in Persia, which are on the main roads, so that, to cross them, one must always go up and down. The great arch of the bridge is hollow; there is a room for taking in the air, and for looking at the river, which is seen on almost all the great bridges in Persia. This one is called Puli-neu, that is to say, the New Bridge (1). A merchant from the Indies, who had earned a lot of money in his travels, had it built.
fn.1 Read Puli neou. As early as 1618 and 1619, the Spanish ambassador D. Garcias de Silva Figueroa had found this New Bridge so ruined that trees covered with planks and earth had been thrown onto the middle arch, which was completely broken. These trees, although very large, trembled under the feet of travelers, because of their great reach. P. della Valle and Thévenot do not appear to have found it in better condition. The first says that it is made of bricks and bordered by a parapet. C. le Bruyn agrees with Chardin, and says that it is made of stones. (L-s.)] »
SOURCE for stone bridge four arches
« On trouve en cet endroit deux chemins qui conduilent et Perfepolis, l'on a ganche, à côté de ces deux montagnes, et l'autre à droite, proche de la premiere, où il y a un pont de pierre à quatre arches fur is riviere de Bendemir, laquelle les anciens nommoient Corus, Corius ou Cyrus, à laquelle ils en joignent une autre fous le nom d'Araxe, dont il eft fait mention dans la vie d'Alexandre le Grand, laquelle ils nomment aufli Cyropolis ou Cyrefchatas. [In this place there are two roads which lead to Perfepolis, one on the left, next to these two mountains, and the other to the right, near the first, where there is a four-arched stone bridge on the river of Bendemir, which the ancients called Corus, Corius or Cyrus, to which they add another under the name of Araxe, which is mentioned in the life of Alexander the Great, which they also call Cyropolis or Cyrefchatas.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 258

R167-106 Persepolis
R167-106 Persepolis : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: ANS UFI: -3090313 coordinate: lat 29.9368 long 52.89
NIMA/GNS names: Persepolis , Takht-e Jamshid , Takht-i-Jamshid , تخت جمشید ,
VARIANT names: Cehil minar , Chelmenar , Chilmanor , Chilminara , Cilmynar , Parsa , Persai , Persepolis , Sat Setun , Takht-e Jamshid , Tschehil-Menar , Tzilminar ,
SOURCE for Cehil minar
« Or giunti noi, come io diceva, circa due ore dopo mezzogiorno alle maravigliose rovine di Cehil minar, sotto ad esse appunto, presso un rivo di acqua che non lontano ne corre, ci posammo e tendemmo il padiglione, a fine di trattenerci a vederle tutte bene e con co-modità, come si fece, parte la stessa sera al tardi, e parte la mat-tina seguente, e non partirne infino a tanto che avessimo ciò che vi era d'ogn'intorno molto ben ricercato ed osservato. [Now, having arrived, as I said, about two hours after midday at the marvellous ruins of Cehil Minar, just beneath them, near a stream of water that runs not far from it, we set down and pitched the pavilion, in order to stay and see them all well and comfortably, as we did, partly late that same evening, and partly the following morning, and not to leave until we had thoroughly researched and observed what was around them.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 247
SOURCE for Chelmenar
« The 23th daye I went to Chelmenar, that famous place of ancient memori, wher those heroicke princes of the eastern part of the world liued, as Cirus [Cyrus], Cambices [Cambyses], who was the founder of this famous building [and] diuers others, this Cambises, whom as the Percians do name him James Sheate [Jamshid]. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 76
SOURCE for Chilmanor
« what are they but Mammons eyes; this Chaos of gold, but refined clay. What Magick then to make Idolaters. For my part (by Gods help) I in-tend rather to admire the Anatomy of this glorious ruine, which Don Garzia de silva Figuros (Ambaffador Anno 1619 to Abbas from Philip the third) calls the only Monument of the world, without Impoſture; yea farre exceeding (fayes he) all other miracles in the The ribs or ruines of Persepolis are at this day call'd Chil-Manor or Che-hel-Manor (i.e. forty Towers) in the idiom of Perfia: and might more properly have faid Hashtot-Maner, or eighty Towers, for fo many are eafily told two yards out of the ground; and if from fo many pillars as are perfect and lofty, then may they lay Nowzda Manor or nineteene Towers, at this day no more ſtanding, one excepted at the Eaft below, above a bow fhot thence. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 144
SOURCE for Chilminara
« porque él queria llegar otro dia á Margascan, quatro leguas de aquella aldea, por ver las grandes y tan nonbradas ruinas de Chilminara [because he wanted to arrive another day at Margascan, four leagues from that village, to see the great and renowned ruins of Chilminara] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 369
SOURCE for Cilmynar
« Alla villa de Camara el se vede uno monte tondo el qual da uno lado mostra esser tagliato et fatto in una facia, alta circa 6. passa; in la summità dil monte è uno piano et atorno colonne .40. le quale se chiamano Cilmynar, 326) che vol dir in nostra lengua .40. colonne, ciascuna de le qual è longa braza .20., grossa quanto abracia 3. homeni; de le qual perho parte ne son ruinate; per quello si vedeva è stato zà un bello edificio. fn. 326. Cilmynar = Chihil Minar, che, come il Barbaro spiega correttamente, significa "Quaranta Colonne". Era il nome con cui in epoca passata si designavano le rovine di Persepoli, la cui origine era stata dimenticata da lungo tempo. Lo stesso Barbaro, come risulta chiaramente, non aveva nessuna idea di ciò che quei luoghi fossero in realtà, così che, al pari di molti altri viaggiatori, attribuisce loro un'origine ebraica, come è manifesto dai suoi riferimenti a Salomone e Sansone. Il merito di avere riscoperto le vera origine di Persepoli va attribuito ai Frati Carmelitani di Shiraz, che ivi si stabilirono nel 1616. Cfr. i Voyages célèbres et remarquables faits de Perse aux Indies Orientales par le Sr. JEAN-ALBERT DE MANDELSLO, Leyden, 1719, p. 5. (Lo.) [At the village of Camara one sees a round mountain which on one side appears to have been cut and made in one face, about 6 meters high; at the top of the mountain is a plain and around it are .40 columns which are called Cilmynar, 326) which in our language means .40 columns, each of which is .20 meters long, as thick as 3 human arms; of which however some are in ruins; from this it was seen that it was once a beautiful building. fn. 326. Cilmynar = Chihil Minar, which, as Barbaro correctly explains, means "Forty Columns". This was the name by which in times past the ruins of Persepolis were designated, the origin of which had long been forgotten. Barbaro himself, as is evident, had no idea what those places really were, so that, like many other travellers, he attributes to them a Jewish origin, as is manifest from his references to Solomon and Samson. The credit for having rediscovered the true origin of Persepolis must be ascribed to the Carmelite Friars of Shiraz, who settled there in 1616. Cfr. Voyages célèbres et remarquables faits de Perse aux Indies Orientales par le Sr. JEAN-ALBERT DE MANDELSLO, Leyden, 1719, p. 5. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 149
SOURCE for Parsa
« C4 [grid] | Persepolis / Parsa / Persai / Sat Setum [name] | CHRL / CH / CH / RL [period] | Schmidt 1957; Shahbazi 1977; RGTC Parsa [reference] » #846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000, ~ directory, Map 94 Persis p. 1339
SOURCE for Persai
SOURCE for Persepolis
« We went from hence down to Persepolis, in a southerly direction, and crossed cultivated grounds and canals. In half an hour we passed over the stream of Polwar, which was now very low. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 268
« Les magnifiques ruines de Perfepolis, qui font encore aujourd'hui le fujet de notre Admiration, font felon toute Appa-rence des reftes d'un Temple ou d'un Palais royal, et celles là ne doivent pas tant leur Confervation à la quantité et à la grandeur de leurs piérres, qu'à la hauteur de leur fituation: [The magnificent ruins of Perfepolis, which still today are the subject of our admiration, in all appearance resemble the remains of a temple or a royal palace, and these owe their preservation not so much to the quantity and grandeur of their stones, as to the height of their location:] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 98
SOURCE for Sat Setun
SOURCE for Takht-e Jamshid
SOURCE for Tschehil-Menar
« den 3. und 4. Dez. Tschehil-Menar (Persepolis) besehen und die Reste etc. gemessen und abgezeichnet. [On December 3rd and 4th, we visited Tschehil-Menar (Persepolis) and measured and sketched the remains, etc.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 96
SOURCE for Tzilminar
« his last Village is very famous, for the Antiquities which are to be seen near it, and which obliged us, as they do all that travel that way, to make a particular Observation thereof. They are the ruines of an old Castle, which the Persians, call Tzilminar, that is to say, forty pillars from a word compounded of Tezehil, which signifies 40. and minar, a pillar or Tower; » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2

R167-070 spring
R167-070 spring : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: SPNG UFI: 14670196 coordinate: lat 33.584712 long 50.182757
NIMA/GNS names: Cheshmeh-ye Tang-e Shafi` , چشمه تنگ شفیع ,
VARIANT names: Cheshmeh-ye Tang-e Shafi` , spring ,
SOURCE for Cheshmeh-ye Tang-e Shafi`
SOURCE for spring
« ???. 1st. On leaving Khomein, we went up south-east by south over a steep hill; and continued ascending for three full hours, before we gained the summit of the range over which we had to pass. We watered our horses near the top, and met at the spring there a numerous troop of Persian horse-soldiers, from the dis-trict of Bactiar, on the west of Goolpyegan, two days' journeys, and in the mountains of Lauristan. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 180

R167-071 bridge
R167-071 bridge : place IRN (bridge)
VARIANT names: bridge ,
SOURCE for bridge
« At 21¾ miles the Rüd-i-Qum is crossed by a masonry and brick bridge, four arches, roadway 12 feet wide, in good repair. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 237

R167-072 Goolpyegan
R167-072 Goolpyegan : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3064684 coordinate: lat 33.453702 long 50.288361 NIMA/GNS names: Golpayagan , Golpayegan , Gulpaigan , Shahr-e Golpayegan , گلپایگان , VARIANT names: Chulpaigan , Chutpaigan , Darbaygan , Garbadakan , Garbadaqan , Ghiul-pai-gan , Ghulpaigan , Gilpaigon , Golpayagan , Golpigan , Goolpyegan , Gulpaigan , Gulpaygan , Gurbayigan , Jarbadakan , Jarbadiqan , Jurbadhakan , Jurbadhqan , Kulpadgun , Samrah , SOURCE for Chulpaigan « The 7th, eight p. to Golpigan, [Chulpaigan.] » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 218 SOURCE for Chutpaigan « Chutpaigan » in {map#1327 Persia. J. and G. Menzies sculpt., Edinr. (Drawn and engraved for Thomson's New general atlas, 1817), Thomson, John, 1817, David Rumsey Map Collection List No: 1007.048 fig. } SOURCE for Darbaygan « Jarbādiqān: It is the Arabicized form of Darbāygän or Gulbaygan. The city is located at 85½ degrees longitude and 34½ degrees latitude, between Karaj and Hamadān. It is said to have been founded by Huma, the daughter of Bahman the Kayānid. It has a moderate climate; water is gotten from a river with the same name. Its grain prod-ucts are fine. There are 50 villages in the district (of Jar-badiqān). The state dues are 4 tomans and 10,000 dinars. Dalijān (text: Dalnjān), a mid-sized city in the past but now in ruins, is one of the villages of this district. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 1 p. 257 SOURCE for Garbadakan « s a matter of fact, the older name of Gulpaigan was Garbādakān in Persian, or Jarbadakan in the Arab geographers, and in still earlier times it is said to have been called Samrah, after a daughter of the Keianian queen Humai who is alleged to have founded it. (2) fn. 2 See Yakut, p. 152, for the former statement, and compare Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 152, note, for the latter. Yakut (p. 153) speaks of Jarapādakān' (Gulpaigan) as 'a large and celebrated place. For other allusions to the town see likewise Sadik Isfahani, Geo-graphical Works, p. 86; Mokad-dasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 257, 402 (mere mention); and Ibn Khordadhbah, ed. De Goeje, 6. 20, 155. Consult furthermore Tomaschek, Zur histor. Topog. von Persien, in Sb. Akad. Wiss. zu Wien, 102 (1883), pp. 168, 171. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249 SOURCE for Garbadaqan « GarbādaqānV D3 Gūlpaygān. Iran. Troisième étape sur la route Karag-al-Yahūdiyya. Qud 200; Muq 402. Yaq II, 46-47; Schw. 462, 645, 648, 924. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 40 SOURCE for Ghiul-pai-gan « Il lunedi, con lunga e faticosa gior-nata andammo a mezza ora di notte ad alloggiare in Ghiul-pai-gan, città simile ad Hamadan, ma più piccola; ... Attraver-sammo la città per mezzo, da un capo all'altro, che non era aucora scuro; ed usciti di là fuor delle mura, alloggiammo in un chiervan-serai nuovo, non ancor fornito e di bella fabbrica:[On Monday, after a long and tiring day, we went at half past midnight to lodge in Ghiul-pai-gan, a city similar to Hamadan, but smaller; ... We crossed the city from one end to the other, before it was dark yet; and once outside the walls, we lodged in a new, not yet furnished, and beautifully built church.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 449 SOURCE for Ghulpaigan « Ghulpaigan » in {map#410 Carte de Perse, Lisle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726; Covens et Mortier, 1742, David Rumsey Map Collection list no: 4638.082} SOURCE for Gilpaigon « We reached Gilpaigon by eight o'clock in the morning ; a journey estimated at seven farsangs from Dour. The country, for several miles as we approached the town, gave evidence of an industrious and flourishing people. Corn, melons , castor, and other products of good husbandry, enriched its fields and gardens ; which, on one side , only terminated at the rocky walls of the mountain » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 66 SOURCE for Golpayagan SOURCE for Golpigan « The 7th, eight p. to Golpigan, [Chulpaigan.] » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 218 SOURCE for Goolpyegan « Goolpyegan, for such is the most general way in which the name of the place is pronounced, contains at present about two thousand dwellings, and from five to six thousand inhabitants. The people are all Sheeah Moslems, and there are neither Jews nor Christians resident among them. Here are three poor mosques, a small and dirty bath, five khans, and several long ranges of covered streets where the bazaars are held, and the chief trades carried on. A manufacture of coarse cotton cloth and thread also exists here; but no other articles are produced, except for the immediate supply of the town itself. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 182 SOURCE for Gulpaigan « Gulpaigan is a town that was sited by the famous Italian traveller Pietro della Valle on his way to Isfahan three hundred years ago. He says that 'it resembles Hamadan, but is smaller,'and that its name is composed of the three words gul, pãi, and gān - which is merely a popular etymology. (1) fn. 1 Pietro della Valle, Viaggi, 1. 449; Travels, ed. Pinkerton, 9. 21. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249 SOURCE for Gulpaygan « GarbādaqānV D3 Gūlpaygān. Iran. Troisième étape sur la route Karag-al-Yahūdiyya. Qud 200; Muq 402. Yaq II, 46-47; Schw. 462, 645, 648, 924. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 40 SOURCE for Gurbayigan Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 92 F3 Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] [accessed 29 Aug 2025] SOURCE for Jarbadakan « s a matter of fact, the older name of Gulpaigan was Garbādakān in Persian, or Jarbadakan in the Arab geographers, and in still earlier times it is said to have been called Samrah, after a daughter of the Keianian queen Humai who is alleged to have founded it. (2) fn. 2 See Yakut, p. 152, for the former statement, and compare Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 152, note, for the latter. Yakut (p. 153) speaks of Jarapādakān' (Gulpaigan) as 'a large and celebrated place. For other allusions to the town see likewise Sadik Isfahani, Geo-graphical Works, p. 86; Mokad-dasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 257, 402 (mere mention); and Ibn Khordadhbah, ed. De Goeje, 6. 20, 155. Consult furthermore Tomaschek, Zur histor. Topog. von Persien, in Sb. Akad. Wiss. zu Wien, 102 (1883), pp. 168, 171. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249 SOURCE for Jarbadiqan « Jarbādiqān: It is the Arabicized form of Darbāygän or Gulbaygan. The city is located at 85½ degrees longitude and 34½ degrees latitude, between Karaj and Hamadān. It is said to have been founded by Huma, the daughter of Bahman the Kayānid. It has a moderate climate; water is gotten from a river with the same name. Its grain prod-ucts are fine. There are 50 villages in the district (of Jar-badiqān). The state dues are 4 tomans and 10,000 dinars. Dalijān (text: Dalnjān), a mid-sized city in the past but now in ruins, is one of the villages of this district. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 1 p. 257 SOURCE for Jurbadhakan Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 92 F3 Gurbayigan/[Jurbadhakan] [accessed 29 Aug 2025] SOURCE for Jurbadhqan « the eastern route passed through Jurbadhqan, present-day Gulpayagan.(2)fn. 2 In 1052, Nasir-i Khusraw traveled on the mountain road from Arrajan to 18-fahân; cf. his Safar-nama (Tehran lithog.), pp. 245-46. (The gorge Shamshir-i Barid; the place Lürdaghän, forty farsakhs from Arrajān, on the border of Färs; the town of Khan Lanjan, the name of Sultan Toghril written on its gate; from Khan Lanjan to Isfahan, it is seven farsakhs.) » #2871 W. Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1984, ~ p. 180 SOURCE for Kulpadgun « Kulpadgun » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, } SOURCE for Samrah « s a matter of fact, the older name of Gulpaigan was Garbādakān in Persian, or Jarbadakan in the Arab geographers, and in still earlier times it is said to have been called Samrah, after a daughter of the Keianian queen Humai who is alleged to have founded it. (2) fn. 2 See Yakut, p. 152, for the former statement, and compare Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 152, note, for the latter. Yakut (p. 153) speaks of Jarapādakān' (Gulpaigan) as 'a large and celebrated place. For other allusions to the town see likewise Sadik Isfahani, Geo-graphical Works, p. 86; Mokad-dasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 257, 402 (mere mention); and Ibn Khordadhbah, ed. De Goeje, 6. 20, 155. Consult furthermore Tomaschek, Zur histor. Topog. von Persien, in Sb. Akad. Wiss. zu Wien, 102 (1883), pp. 168, 171. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 249

R167-077 Waneshoon
R167-077 Waneshoon : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Barmshan , Vaneshan , Vanishan , Vanshan , وانشان ,
VARIANT names: Banishun , Oniscion , Vaneshan , Waneshoon , Wanishun ,
SOURCE for Banishun
« Our halt for the night was at Banishun, or Wanishun, called Oniscion' by Pietro della Valle. (1)
fn. 1 Pietro della Valle, Viaggi, 1. 450; Travels, ed. Pinkerton, 9. 21. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 251
SOURCE for Oniscion
« Il martedi andammo a posarci in Oniscion, in casa di certe donne molto cortesi, belle e garbate; particolarmente una chiamata Agà-Bibicè, che per avere il marito troppo vecchio, non faceva mai altro che sospirare, con gran compassione di chiunque l'udiva. [On Tuesday we went to rest in Oniscion, at the home of some very courteous, beautiful, and polite women; in particular, one named Agà-Bibicè, who, because her husband was too old, never did anything but sigh, to the great pity of all who heard her.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 450
SOURCE for Vaneshan
SOURCE for Waneshoon
« In about an hour and half after our leaving Goolpyegan, we had opposite to us, on the left of our road, a small village called Sefeeabad, and in another hour we entered the town of Waneshoon. This was seated in a valley, with a lofty hill hanging over it on the west. It contained about eight hundred houses, many gardens, and a mosque, with an octagonal and conical dome rising from the centre. The exterior of this had been once ornamented with coloured tiles, chiefly blue ; but the outer coating having fallen gradually to decay, there remained only the interior brick-work with a few patches of the tiles on it. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 185
SOURCE for Wanishun

R167-078 Khompeach
R167-078 Khompeach : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kham Pich , Kham va Pich , Kham-o-Pich , Khompich , Khumpich , خم پیچ ,
VARIANT names: Kham Pich , Khompeach ,
SOURCE for Kham Pich
SOURCE for Khompeach
« In two hours and a half from hence, on the same course, we passed a small village on the left, called Khompeach ; » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 185

R167-079 Rahmatabad
R167-079 Rahmatabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Rahmatabad , رحمت آباد ,
VARIANT names: Rahmatabad ,
SOURCE for Rahmatabad
« The village of Rabmatabad is small, entirely without gardens, and bas only a small portion of cultivated land near it, tbougb its water was the best we had drunk for some time. The houses, which are not more than a hundred in number, rise above each other around a steep-pointed hill; and the whole aspect of the place isas dreary and miserable as possible. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 185

R167-080 Dumboo
R167-080 Dumboo : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Domab , Dumab , دماب ,
VARIANT names: Dumab , Dumboo ,
SOURCE for Dumab
SOURCE for Dumboo
« Our course lay about south-east by east, over a desert and rocky road, until in about two hours we came to the village of Dumboo, where we watered our horses at a large pond in the middle of the town, and alighted ourselves to drink. The place was small, poor, and without gardens ; but about a mile or two to the westward of it, at the foot of the hills, there was a larger village, called Eshen, seated among cultivation and trees. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 186

R167-080a Eshen
R167-080a Eshen : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ashan , Asheh , Eshan , Eshen , Ishan , اشن ,
VARIANT names: Eshan , Eshen ,
SOURCE for Eshan
SOURCE for Eshen
« but about a mile or two to the westward of it, at the foot of the hills, there was a larger village, called Eshen, seated among cultivation and trees. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 186

R167-081 Kaloo : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 229417 coordinate: lat 33.111905 long 50.792234
NIMA/GNS names: Kuh Lotf , Kuh-e Lotf , Kuy-e Lotf , کوه لطف , کوی لطف ,
VARIANT names: Kaloo , Kuy-e Lotf ,
SOURCE for Kaloo
« Two hours from hence, on a south-east course, brought us to a small square enclosure of dwellings, with a large walled garden near, called Kaloo; » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 187
SOURCE for Kuy-e Lotf

R167-082 Ali-abad
R167-082 Ali-abad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Aliabad , علی آباد ,
VARIANT names: `Aliabad , Ali-abad ,
SOURCE for `Aliabad
« At 4 miles a broad clay plain is crossed, with two small forts and a village, 'Aliābād, about 2½ miles to the left. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 235
SOURCE for Ali-abad
« and an hour heyond that, on a more easterly course, brought us to a similar place, with a few poplar trees, called Ali-abad. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 187

R167-083 Dehuck
R167-083 Dehuck : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Dahagh , Deh Hak , Deh Haqq , Dehag , Deheq , Mantaqeh-e San`ati-ye Dehaq , Shahrak-e San`ati-ye Dehaq , شهرک صنعتی دهق , منطقه صنعتی دهق ,
VARIANT names: Deh Hak , Deha , Dehak , Dehè or Dehà , Dehuck , Deyhawk , Marg wa Zahr ,
SOURCE for Deh Hak
« At 30 miles the road continues to ascend passing extensive orchards and vineyards, until Deh Hak is reached at the head of the valley, close under hills on either side. Here there are 800 houses, three ganāts, and 4,000 sheep. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 235
SOURCE for Deha
« December 16. We rose from Challisea and lay at Deha¹: 9 houres. All good way. About an hour short of this place we passed by a large town and a good Caravansarai.
fn. 1 1 Challisea and Deha appear in Dupré (Voyage en Perse, i, 288, 287) as Tchallisié and Dehak, He mentions a great caravanserai at the former, but ascribes the building to the munificence of the grandmother of Futteh 'Ali Shah, then reigning.-Y. »
#3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 214
SOURCE for Dehak
« Dehak » in {map#1326 , #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~, , fig. Abb. 3 Karte Irans, Ausschnitt der Regionen Teheran - Esfahan - Shiraz}
SOURCE for Dehè or Dehà
« la domenica de'dician-nove di febbraio, alloggiammo la sera in un luogo tanto grosso, che in questi paesi io chiamerei piuttosto città che villa, o terra: si chiama Dehè o Dehà, e dormimmo in una casa molto pulita e galante [On Sunday the 19th of February, we stayed in the evening in a place so large that in these countries I would rather call it a city than a village or land: it is called Dehè or Dehà, and we slept in a very clean and gallant house.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 451
SOURCE for Dehuck
« Dehuck is seated in a dreary and narrow valley, between bare rocky hills. The little cultivatable land about it is better managed than is usual in this country. We saw here, ploughing, harrowing, dressing with manure, turning up with the spade and hoe, and other operations of husbandry, performed as well as in Europe. The town contains a population of about three thousand inhabitants, all Mohammedans of the Sheeah sect. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 188
SOURCE for Deyhawk
« Having travelled four additional farsangs along this panting road, we arrived at the gorge of a narrow vale, whose jaundiced-faced hills threatened no hope of gentler atmosphere ; and they did not deceive us ; for through this furnace we marched, till the village of Deyhawk gladdened our eyes with the sight of its sheltering walls, and a few leafy trees . » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 pp. 62-3
SOURCE for Marg wa Zahr
« Marg Wa Zahr V D3 Deh Haqq. Iran. Cinquième étape sur la route Karag-al-Yahūdiyya Qud 200; Muq 402. Schw. 924. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 42

R167-084 El Hhussny
R167-084 El Hhussny : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Hasnijeh , Hoseyni , Hoseynjeh , Husaini , Husni , حسنیجه , حسینجه ,
VARIANT names: Aznidjeh , El Hhussny , Hasnijeh , Hoosny , Hoseynojeh , Husaini , Husseinjeh , large town Caravansarai ,
SOURCE for Aznidjeh
« Aznidjeh » in {map#1345 in #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ fig. Anciennes Routes vers Ispahan}
SOURCE for El Hhussny
« Our course was about south-east by east, over a barren tract of land ; and in little more than an hour, we passed by the large village of El Hhussny, where, as well as at Door, a station we had seen from Rahmatabad, there is a large khan, like those between Bagdad and Kermanshah, but now falling to ruins for want of repair. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 189
SOURCE for Hasnijeh
SOURCE for Hoosny
« An insulated chain of straggling hills stretched along this vale on our right ; and, at the base of some of them we found the villages of Alooy and Hoosny, with their little home environs of fields and gardens ; pleasing objects amidst so extensive a theatre of savage sterility. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 62
SOURCE for Hoseynojeh
« Hoseynojeh » in {map#1326 , #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~, , fig. Abb. 5 Kartenausschnitt Khuzestan, Boyerahmad va Kohgiluyeh, Caharmahal va Bakhtiari und Esfahan}
SOURCE for Husaini
« At 24 miles is Husaini, a village containing 120 houses, the yearly produce of which is 900 kharwars of wheat and barley. The maliat is 1,000 tomans cash. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 235
SOURCE for Husseinjeh
« Husseinjeh » in {map#1326 , #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~, , fig. Abb. 3 Karte Irans, Ausschnitt der Regionen Teheran - Esfahan - Shiraz}
SOURCE for large town Caravansarai
« lay at Deha (1): 9 houres. All good way. About an hour short of this place we passed by a large town and a good Caravansarai. fn.1 Challisea and Deha appear in Dupré (Voyage en Perse, i, 288, 287) as Tchallisié and Dehak. He mentions a great caravanserai at the former, but ascribes the building to the munificence of the grandmother of Futteh 'Ali Shah, then reigning.-Y.» #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 214

R167-085 Chal Seeah
R167-085 Chal Seeah : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: Chal Seeah , Chal-i-siah caravanserai , Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) , Tchah-e-siyah Qadim , Tchalissiè caravanserail ,
SOURCE for Chal Seeah
« Our road continued to lie over a barren waste, with blue slate hills on each side, and was mostly on the same course, until we reached a large public khan at the station of Chal Seeah, where we alighted. This was one of the best buildings of the kind that we had yet seen, and was still in excellent order, though the situation in which it stands is a very dreary one, and the small village attached to it consists only of a few huts. The distance from Dehuck to this place is accounted eight fursucks, and we had performed it in about eight hours. We had gone, however, at the rate of about five miles an hour, or considerably faster than the common walking-pace of a man ; all our company being lightly mounted, and our horses walking briskly in company. In every other instance in which the number of fursucks from station to station was known, we had never gone at the full rate of a fursuck per hour, though our pace was never less than four English miles. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 189
SOURCE for Chal-i-siah caravanserai
« The caravanserai at Chal-i-siah was built out of blocks of a hard black stone, many of which were 7 feet long by 1½ thick. » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 379
SOURCE for Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah)
« Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) (Taf. 9,1.2) (Abb. 12; 69) (55)Lage: 6 km südöstlich von Karavanserail Caleh Siah-ye Now und etwa 20 km nordwestlich von Karavanserail Anushirvan (Aminabad, Rundplatz im nördlichen Stadtgebiet des modernen Esfahan), in +1730 m ü.N.N., an der Karawanen-straße von Esfahan nach Golpayegan.Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen und Hofarkaden. Ton-nengewölbte, langrechteckige Räume auf allen vier Hofsei-ten.Abmessungen: 54 x 54m Außenabmessungen (ohne Por talvorsprung), 35 x 35 m Hofabmessungen. Höhe des Portal-baus 6,30 m, der Hoffassaden 5,70 m (Abb. 70).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Ruine ist sehr stark verwüstet.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Der Bau ist nach Plan und Aufbau in sel-dschukischer Zeit, im 12. Jahrhundert, entstanden.An Einzelfunden aus dem Bereich des Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim liegen ein Randprofil hellgelbgrauen Tones und der Rest einer türkisgrün glasierten Ollampe (Abb. 71) vor.Das Robat ist auf drei Seiten von einer Mauer umgeben, wie Reste im Gelände verdeutlichen (Abb. 72). Es scheint ei-nen Vorhof vor dem Eingang in das Robat gegeben zu haben. Westlich neben dem Robat liegen die Trümmer eines weiteren Gebäudes, Spuren von Bauten sind auch im Osten erkennbar.Dort ist auch eine jahreszeitlich bedingte Quelle zu erwähnen (Abb. 72).
fn. 55 Ebenda 57 ff. Die Schnitte und die Ansicht wurden am 11. 9. 1988 neu vermessen und an Hand der Aufnahmen von M. Siroux rekonstruiert. [Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) (Plate 9,1.2) (Fig. 12; 69) (55)Location: 6 km southeast of the Caleh Siah-ye Now caravanserai and approximately 20 km northwest of the Anushirvan caravanserai (Aminabad, a circular square in the northern part of modern Isfahan), at +1730 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Isfahan to Golpayegan.Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans and courtyard arcades. Barrel-vaulted, rectangular rooms on all four sides of the courtyard.Dimensions: 54 x 54 m exterior dimensions (without portal projection), 35 x 35 m courtyard dimensions. Height of the portal structure: 6.30 m, of the courtyard facades: 5.70 m (Fig. 70).Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: The ruins are very badly devastated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: The building was built according to plan and structure in the Seljuk period, in the 12th century.Individual finds from the area of ??the Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim include a border profile made of light yellow-gray clay and the remains of a turquoise-green glazed oil lamp (Fig. 71).The Robat is surrounded by a wall on three sides, as remains in the area demonstrate (Fig. 72). There appears to have been a forecourt in front of the entrance to the Robat. To the west of the Robat lie the ruins of another building, and traces of construction are also visible to the east.A seasonal spring is also mentioned there (Fig. 72).fn. 55 Ibid. 57 ff. The sections and the view were re-measured on September 11, 1988, and reconstructed based on the photographs by M. Siroux.] »
#3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ pp. 39-40
SOURCE for Tchah-e-siyah Qadim
« The La branche Nord franchit une faible hauteur de schiste noir. Tout de suite après un petit col éventé cette ancienne voie s'infléchit pour suivre le cours d'un ravin se perdant dans la plaine de Tchâh-e-Siyâh now. Dès le col on aperçoit les ruines d'un très ancien caravansérail : Tchâh-e-siyâh Qadim (site 4) qui révèle, ainsi que ses successeurs proches, la tragique histoire d'un point d'eau agonisant. Ce très intéressant monument qui date du début de l 'Islam, environné de traces plus anciennes, fut relayé 500 m. plus bas, par un autre caravansérail : également un tchâh-e-Siyâh d'époque mongole , appelé aussi Tchâhâr-Bordj (les quatre tours) (site 9) . Quand la source, malgré les efforts de captage, se fut révélée déficiente, 6 km. plus loin, dans la plaine alluviale, des ghanats furent forés par un Mi nistre de Châh Soleyman et en 1687 A.D., un des plus curieux caravansérails iraniens, Tchâh-e-Siyâh now y fut inauguré (site 27) (1).
fn. 1Sur certaines cartes, ces monuments sont appelés, par erreur, Tchehelhessieh. Ces erreurs très fréquenteset qui gênent considérablement les recherches, sont dues aux transcriptions phonétiques de voyageurs ignorant la langue, auxquelles s'ajoutent celles faites au cours de la mise au net de notes hâtivement rédigées.[The northern branch crosses a low rise of black schist. Immediately after a small, winding pass, this ancient route bends to follow the course of a ravine that disappears into the Tchâh-e-Siyâh now plain. From the pass, one can see the ruins of a very ancient caravanserai: Tchâh-e-siyâh Qadim (site 4), which, along with its immediate successors, reveals the tragic story of a dying watering hole. This very interesting monument, dating from the beginning of Islam, surrounded by older remains, was replaced 500 meters lower by another caravanserai: also a Shah-e-Siyah from the Mongol period, also called Tchâhâr-Bor4j (the four towers) (site 9). When the source, despite efforts to capture it, proved deficient, 6 km further on, in the alluvial plain, ghanats were drilled by a Minister of Shah Sulayman and in 1687 AD, one of the most curious Iranian caravanserais, Tchâh-e-Siyâh now, was inaugurated there (site 27) (1).
fn. 1 On some maps, these monuments are mistakenly called Tchehelhessieh. These very frequent errors, which considerably hamper research, are due to phonetic transcriptions by travelers unfamiliar with the language, to which are added those made during the editing of hastily written notes.] »
#3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 10
SOURCE for Tchalissiè caravanserail
« A la sixième farseng, on trouve à droite une petite cabane où sont quelques gar-des. Après avoir côtoyé une colline élevée, nous entrons dans une grande plaine déserte, et à trois heures et demie du soir, nous arri-vons au caravansérail de Tchalissiè. Ce vaste édifice, bâti par la grand'mère de Feth - Ali-Châh, est construit en briques. On m'a assuré qu'il avait coûté sept mille tumans. On y a con-duit l'eau d'une source qui sort du pied d'une montagne, à une demi-lieue de là vers le sud. [At the sixth farseng, we find on the right a small hut where some guards are. After skirting a high hill, we enter a large deserted plain, and at three thirty in the evening, we arrive at the caravanserai of Tchalissiè. This vast edifice, built by Feth-Ali-Châh's grandmother, is constructed of bricks. I was assured that it cost seven thousand tumans. Water was brought there from a spring that flows from the foot of a mountain, half a league away to the south.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 288

R167-086 Noushirwan
R167-086 Noushirwan : place IRN
VARIANT names: Anoushirvan , Emchirvan , Nourshirvan , Noushirwan , Nuschirvan ,
SOURCE for Anoushirvan
« Anoushirvan » in {map#1345 in #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ fig. Carte II Anciennes Routes vers Ispahan}
SOURCE for Emchirvan
« Am Ende dieser fruchtbaren Strecke liegt das blühende Städtchen Nuschirvan (Emchirvan bei Dupré), 5 Stunden fern von der Stadt, wo die erste Station, die ges wöhnlich mit zahlreichen Pilgern, welche diese Route nach Kers [At the end of this fertile route lies the flourishing town of Nuschirvan (Emchirvan near Dupré), five hours from the city, where the first station, usually filled with numerous pilgrims taking this route to Kers, is located.] » #3536 Carl Ritter, Band VI. Zweite Abtheilung. Drittes Buch. West Asien. Iranische Welt., G. Reimer, Berlin, 1840 ~ p. 59
« On passe sur de petits ponts plu sieurs canaux d'irrigation. Après le premier, sont deux caravansérails, et plus loin le village d'Emchirvan. [We pass over small bridges several irrigation canals. After the first, there are two caravanserais, and further on the village of Emchirvan.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 289
SOURCE for Nourshirvan
« The termination of these three farsangs brought us to Nourshirvan , a small , but flourishing village ; where, however, we were obliged to take up our quarters in a crowded caravansary. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 60
SOURCE for Noushirwan
« We went from the khan of Chal Seeah in a south-east by east direction, along a barren road, having a wide plain on our left, bounded by a distant and even range of mountains, faintly seen by the light of the moon ; and on our right, a succession of steep, ragged, and detached slate hills, following each other close to, and in the direction of the road. We neither saw a dwelling, nor heard the sound of any living being for nearly five hours, when we passed on our left the little village of Noushirwan, with an apparently new and exceedingly neat khan. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 192
SOURCE for Nuschirvan

R167-087 khan Mohur Dar Koosh
R167-087 khan Mohur Dar Koosh : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: caravanserai at Khusk , khan Mohur Dar Koosh ,
SOURCE for caravanserai at Khusk
SOURCE for khan Mohur Dar Koosh
« We found, after some enquiry, a halt of comparative privacy in the khan Mohur Dar Koosh, where there were but few travellers, and these chiefly Bagdad merchants. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 194

R167-088 Ispahan
R167-088 Ispahan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Aspadana , Esfahan , Esfehan , Isfahan , اصفهان ,
VARIANT names: al-Yahudiyya , A-su-pau-han , Esfahan , Gabæ , Hispaham , Hispahan , Hispahone , Isbahan , Isfahan , Ispahan , Ispahaun , Ispahawne , I-ssi-fa-hang , Julfa , Sipahan , Spaan , Spahan , Spahaune , Spahawn , Spahone , Ya-ssi-pau-hien ,
SOURCE for al-Yahudiyya
« al-Yahūdiyya V D3 La ville actuelle d'Isfahan. Iran. Ce toponyme désigne en principe la moitié Ouest d'Isbahän, mais il est souvent employé pour dési-gner la capitale (qasaba) tandis qu'Isbahān désigne la circonscription (kūra). I 198, 199; Η 362; Hur 58; Y 274; R 90(g); Muq 7, 23, 26, 51, 388, 389, 397, 398, 399(d), 400, 401, 402, 457-58, 459, 491 ?. Yaq IV, 1045; LS 203-204; Schw. 586 + index. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 45
SOURCE for A-su-pau-han
« same as Ya-ssi-pau-hien in Amoy dialect » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Esfahan
SOURCE for Gabæ
#836 p. 13
SOURCE for Hispaham
« Prés huit heures de courſe nous aurivâmes ſur les dix heu res du matin à Hiſpaham. [After nearly eight hours of racing, we arrived at Hispaham around ten o'clock in the morning.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 77
SOURCE for Hispahan
« And so we arrived at Hispahan. Hispahan is one of the greatest Cities in Persia, where the King sometimes keepeth his residencie. The people are industrious and curious in all Sciences, but especially in weaving Girdles and Shashes, in making of Velvets, Sattens, Dammasks, very good Ormuzines, and Persian Carpets of a wonderfull fine-nesse. Here you may buy all manner of Drugs, and Spices, and Turkeses, with store of Pearles, Diamonds, and Rubies, as also all sorts of Silkes, as well wrought, as raw. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 pp. 84-5
SOURCE for Hispahone
« This daye we came from Hispahone [Ispahan], being the last of Aprill, to Botoon [?J 1 som two leauges from the citye.
fn. 1 Not traced. Della Valle gives Bertabad in this neighbourhood. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 45
SOURCE for Isbahan
SOURCE for Isfahan
« Iṣfahān 4. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
« and from the village of Sin it is 4 leagues to Isfahan city » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« finally 4 leagues to Isfahan. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 167
« I felt almost inclined to question my eyes when I actually caught sight of the ruined fire-temple. The deserted shrine stands on the top of a hill which rises about seven hundred feet sharply above the plain at a distance of three or four miles from Isfahan. The ascent is by a winding path which starts from the southeastern slope of the elevation and proceeds by a series of natural steps formed by ledges of the unhewn rock. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 253
« Inside the shabby gateway the road to Julfa lies among rows of mean mud houses, heaps of ruins, and shabby provision bazars; and that mile or more of Isfahan was the one disagreeable part of the journey. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 244
« The aggregate distance from Yezd to Isfahan I computed to be a hundred and seventy-seven miles. The course principally west, and the road good. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 423
« je ne parlerai dans cette route que de mon dernier voyage, lorsque je partis d'Ispahan pour les Indes le vingt-quatrième de février 1665. [I will only speak in this passage of my last voyage, when I left Isfahan for India on the twenty-fourth of February 1665.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Ispahan
« avoir fait trois lieuës dans des campagnes graffes et fertiles on arrive à Ifpahan. [Having traveled three leagues through rough and fertile countryside, one arrives at Ifpahan.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73
« Et de la a Ispahan اصفهان sans aucune ville dans l'intervalle, go milles. [And from there to Isfahan (اصفهان), with no town in between, 6 miles.] » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 2 p. 166
« At last we emerged from the bazaars into the fine spacious square called Meydán- i- Shah. On our right hand as we entered it was the 'Alí Kápí (Supreme Gate), which is the palace of the Zillu ' s -Sultán, the Prince Governor of Isfahan, of whom I have already spoken » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 196
« We were conducted through several streets, through the Maidan, and before the Kings Pa|lace, to that part of the Suburbs which is called Tzulifa, where we were lodg'd in the Quar|ter of the chiefest of the Armenian Merchants, who are Christians, and have their habitations there. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197
« the 16. of Ianuary I left Ispa|han, with a retinue of three persons, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
« HAving stay'd the most part of 2 Days at Ruk, we set forward again, and on the 19 we came to the long-wishd-for Ispahan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 313
« Reise von Isfahan nach Persepolis und Schinas anno 1683 in November [Journey from Isfahan to Persepolis and Schinas in November 1683] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 85
« je me résolus de me rendre à Ispahan, le plus tôt que je pourrois, et j'y arrivai le 2 juillet, fatigué et abattu autant qu'on le peut être. [I resolved to go to Isfahan as soon as I could, and I arrived there on July 2nd, as tired and dejected as one can be.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 91
« From Guz to Ispahan through cultivated plains. Road crossed by numerous streams of water » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Ispahaun
« After we had received their Complements, they undertook to be both our Guide and Guard to Ispahaun, Three Miles farther, defending us against the unwary Insults of Thieves, with which this place is infested » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 239
SOURCE for Ispahawne
« The twenty fourth day, we entred into the City where wée staied eleuen or twelue daies.This City of Ispahawne, is a gallant City, and one of the principall Cities of Persia, and aboundeth in traffique of all sorts of Merchandize. There are ma|ny great Surroies, where are houses made of purpose for the laying in and kéeping of Merchants goods, and to harbour and lodge themselues and their Camels Horses or other Cattle, and prouision; the profits of which Surroies redound to the King only. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 53
SOURCE for I-ssi-fa-hang
« name written in the Yaun period » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Julfa
« From Daulatabad to Julfa 22¾ miles. » #3529 Henry Blosse Lynch, Across Luristan to Ispahan, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, London, 1890 vol. 12:no. 9:pp. 533-553 ~ p. 551
« #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ » #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ p. 170
SOURCE for Sipahan
« (2) The city of Isfahan (Sipahān) consisted of two parts, Shahristān (also called al-Madina and Djayy, evidently the seat of the governor) and Djahüdhān (Arabicised: al-Yahūdiyya, i.e. the old Jewish quarter). See Hudud al-'alam, 131; al-Istakhri 198-9; Yākūt, 343. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 9 p. 220
SOURCE for Spaan
« 3 The city of Spaan, Spahan, or Ispahan, by the Arabians called Isfahan, situated in the southern part of Persian Irak, is well known as the magnificent capital of the kings of the Sefi family, which, espe- cially during the reign of Shah Abbas II., exceeded in splendour, as well as extent, most Asiatic cities. It fell under the dominion of the Moghuls in 1221, and was taken, plundered, and nearly destroyed by Tamerlane in 1387. » #3318 ed. Thomas Wright trans. Marsden, The Travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian, The Translation of Marsden Revised, with a Selection of his Notes, H.G. Bohn, London, 1854 ~ p. 49 fn. 3
« We remained in this city of Spaan with His Majesty until the 25th of this month, during which time we were invited by His Majesty to frequent banquets. Spaan appears to be a very convenient city. It is situated in a plain abounding with all kinds of provisions. It is said that, as the city refused to surrender, much of it was destroyed after it had been taken. It is surrounded by a wall of earth like the others. From Tauris to Spaan is a twenty-four days' journey, through a country entirely belonging to Persia, consisting of a very arid plain with salt water in many places. » #383 Barbaro, J. and Contarini, A., Travels to Tana and Persia, Hakluyt Society:Burt Franklin, Cambridge:New York, 1873:1963-6, ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Spahan
« December 1.-I hired 125 Camells to carry mine and Mr. Robert Dowglasse's Bales, at Mahmoodies 80 for 100 Maunds Tauris, to Bagdat, and 13 mules to carry our luggage, at Mah-moodies 90 per 100 Maunds Tauris.¹December 13. This day I left Spahan, and began my journey towards Aleppo, by way of Bagdat. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 213
« La ville de SPAHAN autresfois appellée, comme veulent aucuns Hecatompyle, eft fort grande; mais elle n'a point de for-tereffe, ny aucun beau palais, elle n'a pas fi grande difette d'eau comme CASBIN, mais elle a auffi beaucoup plusbeſoin de bois. [The city of Spahan, formerly called, as some would have it, Hecatompyle, is very large; but it has no fortress, nor any beautiful palace, it does not have as large a water supply as Casbin, but it also has much more need of wood.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 134
« siendo cosa increible el grande numero de estas naciones que en la ciudad de Spahan está rrecogido, no cabiendo en los muchos y grandes carauasares que en la giudad ay, por no tener casas propias en que biuir. [It is incredible how many of these nations are gathered in the city of Spahan, not fitting in the many large caravanserais in the city, because they have no houses of their own to live in.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 pp. 24-5
SOURCE for Spahaune
« 5 February 1707/8. Departed from Spahaune [Isfahan] the 5th February at 3 after-noon. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Spahawn
« One of the oldest and best accounts of Ispahan, soon after the period of Shah Abbas's government, is given by Sir Thomas Herbert, an English traveller, who visited it in 1627, and parts of whose description are so curious as to be worth transcribing, especially as his book is not now so easy of access to the general reader. He says:-'The imperial city of Spahawn is in thirty-two degrees thirty-nine minutes north; is seated in the kingdom of Parthia, in a fair plain and pleasant horizon. It is by some called Spaan, and by others Spahan and Hispahan, as their several dialects concorded. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ note p. 231
« ISFAHAN-Telegraph Station. In the Persian province of Irak-Ajim; pronounced "Spahawn." » #3181 Bradshaw's Through Route Overland Guide to India, and Colonial Handbook, W. J. Adams and sons, 1884 ~ p. 253
« The tenth of Aprill wee fet out from Spahawnet a village fix miles South from Spahawn: when we had gone a farfang (three miles,) we were ſtayed by the way to taſte a banquet in a ſpacious garden of the Kings, whither the Engliſh Agent and ſuch other Chriftian Mechants as were in Spaharon came out to attend our Lord Ambaffador: a mile neerer the Citie, the Vifier, the Sultan of Spahawn, Meloyembeg and Hodge nazar the Armenian Prince with foure thousand horse and innumerable foot, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Spahone
« The 27th daye we came to on of the Kinges garde[n]swch is wthin an English mile of the citie of Spahone [Ispahan], wher we rested this daye and layd in a muskeet [mosque] this night, weh is ouer against the garden gate. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Ya-ssi-pau-hien
#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12

R167-089 Mayar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mahyar , مهیار ,
VARIANT names: Han Rus , Mahiar , Mahjar , Mahyar , Maiar , Majaart , Majaer , Majar , Mayar , Mayer , Mehiar , Moyeor , Moyore ,
SOURCE for Han Rus
« Han Ruš V D3 Mahyar. Iran. Etape entre Isbahān et Qūmisa sur la route de Širāz. Muq 457. Schw. 939. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Mahiar
« ur les dix heures du matin j'arrivai à un autre gros village nommé Mahiar où on trouve un assez bon carvansera. [Around ten o'clock in the morning I arrived at another large village called Mahiar where there is a fairly good caravanserai.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 194
« Llegose un hora antes que fuese noche á otro lugar de la mesma vezindad que del de donde aquel dia se auia salido, llamado Mahiar, y aun que en él auia un buen carauasar, el Enbaxador y gran parte de sus criados se aposentaron conmodamente en las mejores casas de los vezinos. [An hour before nightfall, he arrived at another place in the same neighborhood as the one he had left that day, called Mahiar, and although there was a good caravanserai there, the Ambassador and a large part of his servants settled comfortably in the best houses of the neighbors.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 17
SOURCE for Mahjar
« den 22. absolviert in 6 Stunden bis zum Dorfe Mabjar (Mahyår) 5 Farsach. Wir brachen 1 Stunde vor Sonnenaufgang auf und kamen nach einer Stunde durch eine mit Gerüll bedekte Ebene Residenz eines Radaren (Rahdar, StraEenwart), wo eine Wegekreuzung war, einer ging rechts SW durchs Gebirge, der andre nach S war der unsrige. [We completed the 22nd in 6 hours to reach the village of Mabjar (Mahyår) 5 Farsach. We set off 1 hour before sunrise and after an hour passed through a scree-covered plain where the residence of a radarn (Rahdar, road warden) was located, at a crossroads. One road went right (southwest) through the mountains, the other to the south was ours.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 85-6
SOURCE for Mahyar
« thence 5 to [۱۸۰] the village of Mahyar on the frontier of Fars, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
SOURCE for Maiar
« Then we were up and off again, not along the road, but down a streamlet fringed with willows, until the dancing mirage in the distance hardened into mud huts and the grey caravanserai of Shah Abbas, and I rode into Maiar. There was no cha'par khaneh, so, meeting Saif, I left him to bring on the mules, and plodded another seven miles to a lonely little place on the plain, where carriages stopped to change horses. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 277
SOURCE for Majaart
« Ook paſſeerden wy. 't dorp Miſeralifa, alwaar men mede een goede Karrawanfera heeft, dog 't dorp zelf is kleen. Wy reden over een zeer gevaarlyken klippigen berg, genaamd Cotali Ortlini, en namen ons verblyf tot Majaart, dat een tamelyk groot dorp, en redelyk bebouwt is. [We also passed the village of Miſeralifa, which has a good Karrawanfera, though the village itself is small. We rode over a very dangerous, rocky mountain, called Cotali Ortlini, and took up residence at Majaart, which is a fairly large village and reasonably well-developed.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 259
SOURCE for Majaer
Le vingt-huitieme nous arrivámes au village de Majaer, où il y a un beau Caravanserai de pierre, bâti par le Roi Sulemoen, pere du Prince, qui regue aujourd'hui. On trouve en dedans, tout autour de la cour, de belles écuries, et le dehors de ce bâtiment reffemble plus à un Palais, qu'à une maifon publique pour Ies voyageurs. [On the eighth day we arrived at the village of Majaer, where there is a beautiful stone caravanserai, built by King Sulemoen, father of the Prince who reigns today. Inside, all around the courtyard, are fine stables, and the exterior of this building resembles a palace more than a public house for travelers.]
SOURCE for Majar
« I travell'd that day eight Leagues, to a Village called Majar, where I stayd all the next day, expecting a Carmelite Father, who had promis'd me his company. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
« I departed with the Caravan of the Honorable the East India Com|pany, from the Royal City Ispahan, having a sufficient number of Camels and Mules to carry our Provision and Baggage to Gammeron. The same day we travailed 8 Leagues and about 10 a Clock came to a village called Majar, where we took up our nights Lodging. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 328
SOURCE for Mayar
« From about 16 miles the valley widens to from 5 to 7 miles broad, and is open and flat for the rest of the march, narrowing again to about 1 mile towards Mayar, at 30 miles. This village is an irregular polygon, surrounded by high walls with loop-holed towers, now in ruins (Curzon), and is situated among gardens and cultivation, immediately under the steep, rocky range to the left of the valley. There is a small post-house outside the village, with a good well and a large masonry caravansarai, in dilapidated condition. Many of the houses are in ruins. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187
« Mayar (1) est un village gros de trois cents maisons, situé entre deux montagnes, s'étendant de l'une à l'autre, de sorte qu'il seroit impossible de ne passer pas par-dedans, quand on le vou-droit. Cette avantageuse situation me pourroitfn. 1 P. Della Valle, écrit Mehiar, et dit que ce nom signitic ami d'une grande. Ce mot peut en effet signifier ami d'un grand on d'une grande, si l'on prononce mehi yår, ou grand ami, si l'on prononce Meh yår. Les habitans de ce village étoient autrefois renonumés par la bonté des flèches qu'ils faconnoient. « Ce village dit Thévenot, est le commenceruent du pays de Fårs, qui, pro-prement, est la Perse. Voyage de M. Thevenot au Levant, etc., tout. IV, pag. 417, edit. in-12. Ambassade de Silva Figue-roa, pag. 336, 337. Voyages de P. Della Valle, toni. IV, pag. 302. (L-s.) [Mayar (1) is a village with three hundred houses, situated between two mountains, extending from one to the other, so that it would be impossible not to pass through them, even if one wanted to. This advantageous situation would allow mefn. 1 P. Della Valle, writes Mehiar, and says that this name means friend of a great one. This word can indeed mean friend of a great one or of a great one, if one pronounces mehi yår, or great friend, if one pronounces Meh yår. The inhabitants of this village were once renowned for the quality of the arrows they made. "This village, called Thévenot, is the beginning of the country of Fårs, which, properly speaking, is Persia. Voyage de M. Thévenot au Levant, etc., all. IV, p. 417, edit. in-12. Embassy of Silva Figue-roa, pag. 336, 337. Travels of P. Della Valle, toni. IV, p. 302. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 195-6
« We stopped for the first night in a ruined caravanserai in the village of Mayar » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 344
« we arrived about an hour and a half before sunset at the village of Mayar, which is esteemed nine fursucks from Ispahan, from whence we had been travelling ten good hours, at a quick walking pace. This village, which is seated in a narrow defile of the plain, between bare hills, is small, and almost totally ruined, there being now only a few gardens with their occupiers there. An excellent caravansera, of a more highly-finished kind than we had yet seen in the country, on the public road, is also abandoned, and going fast to decay; but as it offered us ti,e temporary shelter we required, we halted here for the night. OCT. 15th.-While we were preparing » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 241
SOURCE for Mayer
« Came to Mayer about 9 at night, being 8 Farsangs; good way except the Yerchan hills and that but small; an extroardiny caravensaroy, very [every] thing plenty, but no good water being a little brackis. Messrs. Wildon, Mr. Foulks and Peter Lillye in Company.6 [February]. Stayed at Mayer being snowey weather. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Mehiar
« La domenica, al-l'alba, dopo aver camminato la notte cinque o sei leghe, fa-cemmo posata in un caravanserai, presso la villa chiamata Mehiar, il nome della quale significa Amico del grande. Quivi císopraggiunse Ghulamali, corriero di Hormuz, maomettano, ma che serve i Portoghesi, [On Sunday, at dawn, after having walked five or six leagues during the night, we stopped in a caravanserai, near the village called Mehiar, whose name means Friend of the Great. There we were met by Ghulamali, a messenger from Hormuz, a Mohammedan, but who serves the Portuguese,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Moyeor
« Next day we got to Moyeor; agrandiz'd by a thousand families; but none of their houſes compare with their dove-houfes for neat and curious outfides: they have fome excuse for it; » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Moyore
« October the 12th, 1628. The 12th daye being Sundaye about 6 of the clock in the afternoon we left Hispahone (being the famousest citie of all Parthia), and came to Moyore [Mehiar], a poore litle towne, haueing traveled 7 1ges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 74

R167-108 Kenarry
R167-108 Kenarry : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kenareh , Kinareh , کناره ,
VARIANT names: Camara , Kenareh , Kenarry ,
SOURCE for Camara
« Trovassi poi Syras de la qual habbiamo parlato di sopra, c, scorrendo via, se va ad una grossa villa chiamata Camara. 324) fn. 324. Camara (la Camerum di Fra Odorico); per questa località pare si debba intendere Kinära, villaggio nella pianura di Marvdasht, a 4 km. a sud-ovest di Persepoli. In tempi remoti Kinira sorgeva su una delle strade che portavano da Shiraz a Dihbid e oltre (cfr. HAMDULLAH MUSTAWFI, Nurhat al-Qulub, cit., p. 178). La strada principale si trova ora a poca distanza ad ovest del villaggio. (Lo.) [Then you find Syras, which we have spoken of above, and, going on, you come to a large villa called Camara. 324) fn. 324. Camara (the Camerum of Fra Odorico); by this locality it seems that we should understand Kinära, a village in the plain of Marvdasht, 4 km. south-west of Persepolis. In ancient times Kinira stood on one of the roads that led from Shiraz to Dihbid and beyond (cf. HAMDULLAH MUSTAWFI, Nurhat al-Qulub, cit., p. 178). The main road is now a short distance west of the village. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 149
SOURCE for Kenareh
SOURCE for Kenarry
« The constant impediment of canals, and their dry beds, occasioned us to wander about for a long time, and El Assr was passed before we gained the village of Kenarry. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 285

R167-109 Kooshk
R167-109 Kooshk : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kushk , Kushk Marvdasht , Kushk-e Marv Dasht , کوشک مرو دشت ,
VARIANT names: Kooshk , Kushk ,
SOURCE for Kooshk
« We turned therefore for Kooshk, and were so impeded here, that we did not reach it till near sunset, our horses and ourselves being quite knocked up. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 285
SOURCE for Kushk

R167-110 Dehbid
R167-110 Dehbid : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Deh Bid , Dehbid , دهبید ,
VARIANT names: Dehbid ,
SOURCE for Dehbid
« As neither shelter nor corn was to be had at this place, we went north-west about a fursuck, and found both, in a walled village called Dehbid, where we halted. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 285

R167-111 Pola Khan
R167-111 Pola Khan : place IRN (bridge)
NIMA/GNS feature: BDG UFI: -3078460 coordinate: lat 29.8515 long 52.77
NIMA/GNS names: Pol-e Khan , Pol-e Khan , Pul-i-khan , پل خان ,
VARIANT names: bridge , Pola Khan , Pol-e Khan , Polochan , Pul-i-Khan , Pulochani , River Bindamire Bridge ,
SOURCE for bridge
« At 20 miles the Bandamir river is erossed by a masonry bridge with 3 high arches. The river runs strongly at the bridge, though it is elsewhere slow and deep, about 45 feet broad, with mud banks 10 feet above the level of the water. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Pola Khan
« When the day broke, we crossed the Bund Ameer by a lofty but now nearly ruined bridge. The river's bed was deep, the stream rapid, and flowing to the south-east through the plain. This was called, by the natives, Pola Khan. The Bund Ameer was the Araxes of the ancients, » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Pol-e Khan
« seven miles beyond zarqan we reached the narrow, old bridge of Pol-e Khan, where the road crossed the Pulvar River, guarded by a whitewashed and crenellated gendarmerie post. The new girder bridge was not yet in use, so all traffic was still negotiating the sharp bends on to and off the old one, past an overturned car on the sharpest » #3119 Duncan Forbes, The Heart of Iran, R. Hale, 1963 ~ p. 146
SOURCE for Polochan
« Nous employames quatre heures depuis le Village Tschûl ou Nakſchi Rustâm, jusqu'à Polochan le grand pont Bendemir dont j'ai fait mention cy desfus. [We spent four hours from the Village Tschûl or Nakſchi Rustâm, to Polochan the large Bendemir bridge which I mentioned above.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 135
SOURCE for Pul-i-Khan
« Pul-i-Khan » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Shiraz H-39Q 1948}
SOURCE for Pulochani
« Pulochani (Pol-e Chani), » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 97
SOURCE for River Bindamire Bridge
« The Bridge over the River is very old, raised high by four Arches, in the middle a Watch-Tower for the Rhadars to look put on, to apprehend such as shall by By-ways attempt to deprive them pf their Customs, as also to be at hand to secure those that Travel the Road. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 220

R167-112 Zerraghoon
R167-112 Zerraghoon : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Zargan , Zarghanak , Zarqan , زرقان ,
VARIANT names: Dih Gurg , Serghoen , Sergoen , Zargan , Zarghan , Zarghun , Zargoen , Zargoone , Zarkan , Zercon , Zerghun , Zergone , Zergoon , Zerraghoon , Zurgoon ,
SOURCE for Dih Gurg
« The first stage is of 6 leagues, from Shiraz to Dih Gurg in the Shiraz District; the second stage is 6 leagues to the head of the Bridge over the River Kür; ...
fn. 1 Neither Dih Gurg, "Wolf Village," nor the Bridge over the Kur now exists; Shahriyar's Kiosk must have been at or near modern Ujan; »
#3077 G. Le Strange, Description of the Province of Fars, in Persia, at the Beginning of the Twelfth Century A.D. from the MS. of Ibn-al-Balkhi, in the British Museum Asiatic Society Monographs XIV, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1912 ~ p. 78
« thence 5 to Dih Gurg (Wolf Village), » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
SOURCE for Serghoen
« Continuing from Chihil Minar, Stodart arrived at Zarghan, which was a poor town situated on the side of a hill one English mile from Rustam's tomb (i.e. Naqsh-i Rustam, the tomb of Darius I), which had been turned into a mosque. Here was good water. Speelman recorded that the village was divided into two parts, and built close to the slope of the moun-tain. Fryer called it a poor village inhabited by mule-teers, while Hedges considered it a large and exceed-ing pleasant one, in a plain full of vineyards. (75) 75 Stodart, p. 76 (Zargoone); Speelman, pp. 105-6 (Serghoen); Fryer, vol. II. p. 218 (Zergoon); Hedges, p. 208 (Zurgoon); KA 1793, fol. 1013b (Sergoen); Winninx, 3 November (Sergoe); de Silva y Figueroa, p. 140 (Zargan); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 301 (Sergoen); Carmelites, loc. cit. (Band-i Amir, Zarghan; karavansaray). » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Sergoen
SOURCE for Zargan
« A few miles beyond the Bendemeer bridge the village of Zargan, or Zergun, lies nestled at the foot of a mountain, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 321
« which form the eastern limit of the valley, we reached Zargán, our last stage before Shíráz, about dusk. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 256
« Por esta causa no se caminó entonces mas de tres leguas pequeñas, parando tenprano en una pequeña y pobre aldea llamada Zargan, al pie de un alto monte, á donde el Enbaxador, con parte de sus criados, se recogieron en una mezquita en que auia rrazonable hospedaje, que-dando la caravana y demas gente en el canpo. [For this reason, they did not travel more than three short leagues, stopping early in a small and poor village called Zargan, at the foot of a high mountain, where the Ambassador, with some of his servants, stayed in a mosque where there was reasonable lodging, while the caravan and other people remained in the countryside.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 368
SOURCE for Zarghan
SOURCE for Zarghun
« 3rd March, Zarghun. As my route from Shiraz would not lead in the direction of Persepolis, and as it seemed a pity to let slip an opportunity of seeing such a famous place, I determined to spend four days in an excursion thither, » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 57
« , reaches the town of Zargun. The latter is a long straggling place of 2,000 houses, mostly one-storeyed, with flat roofs, built close up to a chain of barren, rocky mountains on the castern margin of a low plain, full of gardens and cultivation. The main street is narrow and filthy, with a number of shops scattered through it, forming a bazaar said to be well supplied. There is a post-house at the N. end of the town, and two mud enclosures in the main street, serving the purpose of caravansarais. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Zargoen
« Elle y eſt aussi fort large et fort pro fonde; et les bords en font eſcarpez et fort élevez. On y trouve plufieurs fortes de canards, et on la traverſe pour ſe rendre à Persepolis, qui n'en eſt qu'à deux lieuës. Nous arrivames ſur les onze heures à Zargoen, bourg agréablement ſitué entre les montagnes et rempli de jardins, qui abondent en melons, en raifins et en toutes fortes de fruits. [It is also very wide and very deep; and its banks are steep and very high. Several flocks of ducks are found there, and it is crossed to reach Persepolis, which is only two leagues away. We arrived around eleven o'clock at Zargoen, a pleasantly situated town nestled among the mountains and filled with gardens, which abound in melons, grapes, and all kinds of fruit.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 259
SOURCE for Zargoone
« I took horse and cam this night to Zargoone [Zarghün], a poor towne vpon the side of a hill wthin an English mile to Rustames howse, wch is now turned to be a muskeet, weh we call a church, and is kept in repayration. Here we picht in the Rices howse, wch is the cheifest man of the towne, hauing traveled 5 lges. of fayre waye crossing the playne of Chelmenar. Here is good water. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 76
SOURCE for Zarkan
« Depuis le pont fusdit, nous avions encore deux lieux, jusqu'à Zarkân. Actuellement ce chemin étoit fort bon; mais après une pluïe de longue durée il est très mau-vais, puisqu'alors toute la plaine eſt ſouvent couverte d'eau. [From the aforementioned bridge, we still had two leagues to go, to Zarkân. Currently, this road is very good; but after a prolonged rain, it is very bad, since then the whole plain is often covered with water.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 135
SOURCE for Zercon
« Passato il fiume, girammo un pezzo intorno alla costa di un monte che avevamo a man sinistra: ed ål fine, entrati in certi bassi valloni, ad ora di mezzogiorno arri-vammo alla villa Zercon che da Cehilminar non è più lontana di sei leghe, [After crossing the river, we went round for a while the side of a mountain which we had on our left hand: and at last, having entered some low valleys, at midday we arrived at the village of Zercon which is not more than six leagues from Cehilminar,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 265
SOURCE for Zerghun
« Zerghun » in {map#1245 in #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ fig. Route-kaart voor de reis van het gezantschap Cunaeus van Bender Abbas (Gamron) naar Isfahan (1652)}
SOURCE for Zergone
« 17th [February) At 11 arrived at Zergone, being 5 farsangs, good way; came over a large bridge, a small river runing under it; 3 farsangs more came over a great quantity of water and mud, had three or four mules stuck in it. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Zergoon
SOURCE for Zerraghoon
« In little more than an hour, passing over a fine small plain covered with flocks and tents, we came to the large village of Zerraghoon, seated at the foot of a steep mass of rock, with thatched houses and sloping roofs. We halted at a caravansera here, for two hours, to repose, and set out again about noon after which we got into a rugged country of bare hills and uninterest-ing aspect. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Zurgoon

R167-113 Rader Khoneh
R167-113 Rader Khoneh : place IRN

R167-113 Rader Khoneh
R167-113 Rader Khoneh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bachke Saray , Bajgah , باجگاه ,
VARIANT names: Bagsga , Bajgah , Rader Khoneh ,
SOURCE for Bagsga
« De Puligourc, on va à Bagsga, qui en est à quatre lieues et demie, dont partie se fait par des plaines, et partie par des montagnes. Bagsga veut dire lieu de tribut (2), parce que c'est le lieu où les rois de Chiras tenoient la douane, avant que leur état eût été réuni à la monarchie persane par Abas-le-Grand, durant le siècle passé. Les rahdars de Chiras s'y tiennent et s'y font payer leur droit. Il n'y a qu'un caravanserai vieux et demi-use, situé au pied d'une montagne,fn. 2 Je crois qu'il faut lire bakhchegál, lieu du présent; bakh-cheon bakhchyche indique un présent volontaire ou forcé. (L-s.) [From Puligourc, one goes to Bagsga, which is four and a half leagues away, partly across plains and partly across mountains. Bagsga means place of tribute (2), because it is the place where the kings of Shiras held customs, before their state was united with the Persian monarchy by Abbas the Great, during the last century. The rahdars of Shiras hold their posts there and collect their dues. There is only one old and half-worn caravanserai, located at the foot of a mountain,fn. 2 I believe that bakhchegál should be read, place of the present; bakh-cheon bakhchyche indicates a voluntary or forced present. (L-s.)which] »
SOURCE for Bajgah
« Bajgah » in {map#1245 in #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ fig. Route-kaart voor de reis van het gezantschap Cunaeus van Bender Abbas (Gamron) naar Isfahan (1652)}
« Leaving Zargán, we had first to strike out into the plain to join the main road (remarkable for its excessive stoniness), which, crossing over a low pass, brought us to a building called Báj-gáh (" the Toll- House "), where customs' dues were formerly levied. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 258
SOURCE for Rader Khoneh
« About four o'clock we came to a small place called Rader Khoneh, where a fine new caravansera was building at the foot of a steep hill. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 286

R167-114 Tenga Allah Ackbar
R167-114 Tenga Allah Ackbar : place IRN
VARIANT names: Tang-i-Allah Akbar , Tenga Allah Ackbar ,
SOURCE for Tang-i-Allah Akbar
« From Bajgah there is a steep, stony ascent, difficult for wheels for half a mile, beyond which the road descends gradually to 17 miles, and enters the pass known as the Tang-i-Allah Akbar. By this it descends gradually through gently sloping hills. The latter, where the pass opens into the valley at 18 miles, rise into high crags on each side of the road, through which there is a magnificent view of the city and valley. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Tenga Allah Ackbar
« We descended here througb a formerly fortified pass, calledTenga Allah Ackbar. After this, we passed tbrough a fine old gate, wbich has been drawn by Le Brun, and from which is a very beautiful view of tbe great road to Shiraz: tl.is gate is now in ruins. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 286

R167-115 Shiraz
R167-115 Shiraz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chimaz , Chiraz , Schiras , Shiraz , Siraz , شیراز ,
VARIANT names: Chiras , Chiraz , Chyraz , Giras , Giraz , Schiras , Sciras , Sciraz , Scyras , Sehiras , Shira-its-tsi-ish , Shirass , Shiraz , Siras , Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz , Širaz , Sjiraas , Sjiraas , Stadt Siraes , Syras , Xiras , Xiraz , Zjie-raes ,
SOURCE for Chiras
« dinge alle de omleggende vlekken hooren, en daarvan hij in Chiras aan den gouverneur reekeningh doen moet, [let all the destroyers hear the things, and he must give an account of them to the governor in Chiras,] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 74
« Le 17, j'arrivai à Chiras, foible et défait, [On the 17th, I arrived in Chiras, weak and defeated,] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 90
« Je n'ai point voulu marquer par le compas la route que je tenois , jour par jour, d'Ispalian à Chiras, car c'est presque la même chose chaque jour ; [I did not want to mark with the compass the route I took, day by day, from Ispalian to Chiras, because it is almost the same thing every day;] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 241
SOURCE for Chiraz
« ITINÉRAIRE DE CHIRAZ A SIRAF. De Chiraz à Kafra كفرة village 15 milles.?? » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 1 p. 400
SOURCE for Chyraz
« Chyraz » in {map#1255 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / dressée par P. Lapie... ; gravée par Blondeau..., , 1810, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE C-10435}
« Chyraz » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
« Arrivé à la porte de Chyraz, un individu préposé à je ne sais quoi se jeta sur Alawerdi et le secoua avec violence; on lui demanda 2 krowns, je ne sais à quel titre. Alawerdi résista, mais le préposé s'empara du fusil qu'il portait en bandoulière. Je le laissai faire, bien persuadé que j'en obtiendrais raison. Je fus d'abord à la douane où je déposai mes effets qui furent culbutés,, Dieu sait comme! et me rendis ensuite chez le nabab où je retrouvai mon logement. [Arriving at the gate of Chyraz, an individual in charge of I don't know what threw himself on Alawerdi and shook him violently; he was asked for 2 krowns, I don't know for what reason. Alawerdi resisted, but the attendant grabbed the rifle he was carrying across his shoulder. I let him do it, fully convinced that I would get his way. I first went to customs where I deposited my belongings which were overturned, God knows how! and then went to the nawab where I found my accommodation.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 603
SOURCE for Giras
« GIRAS, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Relações Anais]. [GIRAS, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Annals].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. D-N p. 85
SOURCE for Giraz
« From there they will go to the city of Vargim, and from there to the city of Giraz » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 249
SOURCE for Schiras
« Le seizième de mars à huit heures du matin, je partis de Schiras, et après six heures de marche dans la plaine, qui cesse d'être fertile à une lieue de la ville, [On the sixteenth of March at eight o'clock in the morning, I left Schiras, and after six hours of walking in the plain, which ceases to be fertile a league from the town,] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 310
« J'arrivay à Schiras ſur les fix heures du ſoir ; [I arrived at Shiras around six o'clock in the evening;] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 656
« La Ville de Schiras, où nous arrivames enfin le 4 de Mars, n'eſt qu'à 1 mille de Tſchinar Raddar vers l'Eſt. Nous employames donc dixhuit jours, pour faire le Voyage d'Abuſchäbhr à Schiras, au lieu que fans cela, quelqu'un peut facilement faire ce Voyage en fix jours. La cauſe que nous étions fi longtems en chemin, n'étoit pas ſeulement le mauvais tems et le détour par Kormudſch, mais que la plus part des Marchandises de notre Kaffle, n'étoient chargées que fur des mauvais Anes, qui ne pouvoient faire que de petites journées. [The city of Shiras, where we finally arrived on March 4th, is only one mile east of Tſchinar Raddar.
It therefore took us eighteen days to make the journey from Abuſschäbhr to Shiras, whereas someone could easily make this journey in ten days. The reason we were so long on the road was not only the bad weather and the detour via Kormudſsh, but also that most of the goods in our wagon were loaded only onto poor donkeys, which could only travel for short periods.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 91
SOURCE for Sciras
« . Egli, mentre facemmo dimora a Sciras, non volle che noi ſpendeſsimo, per non offender le leggi dell'oſpitalità; [While we were staying in Sciras, he did not want us to spend money so as not to offend the laws of hospitality; ] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p.263
SOURCE for Sciraz
« Fatta poi notte, di nuovo ci rimettemmo alla via; e il mercoledi, ventidue di giugno, camminate pian piano e molto adagio le due o tre sole leghe che restavano infin alla città di Sciraz, non prima dell'alba ci arrivamnto. [Then when night fell, we set off again; and on Wednesday, the twenty-second of June, you walked slowly and very slowly the only two or three leagues that remained until the city of Sciraz, arriving there not before dawn.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 362
« A due o tre ore di notte facemmo di nuovo levata, e dopo aver camminato tutto il resto della notte, il sabbato, sedici di ottobre, fatte le sci altre leghe che sole restavano a giorno chiaro, levato già il sole, arrivammo ai giardini di Sciraz, la qual città è situata pur in un bel piano circondato quasi d'ogn'intorno da monti, [At two or three o'clock in the morning we rose again, and after having walked all the rest of the night, on Saturday, the sixteenth of October, having skied the other leagues that were left in the light of day, the sun having already risen, we arrived at the gardens of Sciraz, which city is situated on a beautiful plain surrounded almost on all sides by mountains,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 265
SOURCE for Scyras
« Het Landt roudtom Scyras is seer buchtbaar; maar boven al in Wijngaarden/die den Wijn voastrengen / welke dosz geheel Perfien, en selfs daar bupten / voor den besten van de ge heele Werelt gehouden. werdt / zijnde noch geuriger/ krachti ger/en forter als de Canarie-Sck. [The Land of Scyras is very famous; but above all in Vineyards / that supply the Wine / which are entirely Perfian, and even there / held for the best in the entire World. was / being neither more fragrant / more powerful / and stronger than the Canarie-Sck.] » #3243 Jan Janszoon Struys, Drie aanmerkelijke en seer rampspoedige Reysen, Meurs, 1677 ~ p. 354
SOURCE for Sehiras
« Having view'd these Antiquities, which with those of Derbent, were all we met with in our Travels, I prosecuted my jour|ney the 28. of Ianuary, and got that day ten Leagues, to the City of Sehiras. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Shira-its-tsi-ish
see source « Syras »
SOURCE for Shirass
« Dined here and went away for Shirass, being 5 farsangs, bad way up hills and down ; about the middle of the way in a fine plain is a good caravensaroy. Arrjved at Shirass at 8 at night. 21st [February], being Sunday. Went away for Bobbahodge. 9 farsangs good way . » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Shiraz
« This route passed Tarom, Forgh, Rustak, Darab, Darakan, Fasa, Sarvestan and then Shiraz, and from there onwards to Isfahan. This was the normal trade route prior the reign of Shah `Abbas I (1587-1629) . » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 252 and #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 67
« 24th February, Khan-i-Zanyan, 3 farsakhs ; 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. 25th February, Shiraz, 8 farsakhs ; 5.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Next morning early, we saddled our horses for Shiraz. We had thirty-two miles to march, and the road, winding among bare mountain-tops, proved less interesting than any stage since Burazjan. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 45
« next night pitching a farfangh ſhort of Shiraz; where we expected a ceremonious entrance » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 132
« Hastening on towards Shiráz, I met a line inspector on tour, Mr Jefferies, who informed the that there was a riot taking place in the capital of Fárs. Accordingly, with very brief visits to the stupendous monuments of Persepolis, which I fortunately was able to examine carefully five years later, marched rapidly on, and being warned to avoid the town, proceeded to the beautiful Telegraph Garden, where I was most hospitably received by Dr Scully, the entertainer of almost every European traveller in Persia. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 80-81
« and thence in 5 leagues to the city of Shiraz. Total: from Yazdi-khwāst to Shiraz 44 leagues, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
« Further on, we passed the fine tomb of Shah Ameer Hamza, son of the Imaum Moosa; and crossing a bridge over the dry bed of a river, we entered Shiraz before dark. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 287
« Although the city is the capital of the historic province of Fars and by right of inheritance the successor to the glory of Persepolis, the claim which Shiraz can make to eminence by reason of antiquity is not comparable with that of either Hamadan or Rei in Media of old. The general location of the city, it is true, is probably an ancient one, as shown by the vestiges of Achsemenian and Sasanian ruins in the vicinity, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 324
SOURCE for Siras
« The 24th daye about 12 a clok att night we did sett out of the citie of Siras, comonly called by the inhabitans Shiras, and traveling over theplayne, » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p.78
« In our Stay here we had Opportunity to observe Siras, not only by Fame, but indeed to be, second to none, except the Royal City, in the whole Empire: » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 211
« Siras (Shirāz) for each carga half a mahmudi as in Lār » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321
SOURCE for Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz
« fn. 30. Bembo gives three spellings for Shiraz: "Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz." Persepolis is 80 km north of Shiraz. The plain to which Bembo refers is Marv Dasht, and he gives the name "Mircascun" to the town of Zargan. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 298
SOURCE for Širaz
« Širāz VI C4
Id Iran
Métropole (misr) de la province du Fāris et circonscription
IV 391 » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 58
SOURCE for Sjiraas
« Den 11. dito na 2 mylen, aan de voor aan in Sjiraas gelegene Tsaarbag, daar van velen verwelkomt wierd. [The 11th ditto after 2 miles, at the front of Tsarbag located in Shiraas, where many were welcomed.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
« Den 7. dito vertrokken wy van Sjiraas, hadden een goeden weg, en rondom ons veel dorpen. [On the 7th we left Shiraas, had a good road, and many villages around us.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263
« Den 6. dito wierd zyn. Ed: door eenige Armeniers bezogt, door hen met eenige tafel-vrugten beichonken, en 's namiddags door deneerſten ſchryver des Viziers verzogt, om op te zitten, weshalven zyn ed: na Sjiraas vertrok, [On the 6th his Ed: was visited by some Armenians, by whom he was refreshed with some table fruits, and in the afternoon he was requested by the chief scribe of the Vizier to sit on, wherefore his Ed: departed after Sjiraas,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274
SOURCE for Stadt Siraes
« 7 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 384
« 23 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361
SOURCE for Syras
« Persia alla via di levante (A levante, ove prima si trova la città de Syras la quale) li..20., ha populo inumerabile, mercadanti assaissimi, perchè tutti i mercadanti che vengono da le parte di sopra, cioè da Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) e da li in suso (volendo vegnir per la via de la Persia) passano per Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarcanda, la principale città della Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, che Enrico III di Castiglia aveva inviato come ambasciatore a Timur nel 1405, ci ha lasciato una descrizione di Samarcanda quale era ai suoi tempi; cfr. la sua opera Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrariamente a quanto comunemente si crede, Shiraz è una città molto antica. Poco dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, G. Cameron scopri a Persepoli alcune tavolette in lingua elamita, recanti dettagli sulle paghe degli operai ivi impegnati nella costruzione del palazzo di Dario; su una di tali tavolette compare il nome di Shiraz, sotto la forma Shira-its-tsi-ish. Si ha così la prova che la città esisteva già nel periodo degli Achemenidi. In quel tempo, tuttavia, essa era messa in ombra da Persepoli. Sotto i Sasanidi Shiraz fu capitale dell'Ardashir Khurreh, uno dei cin- que distretti in cui era divisa la provincia del Färs. ... [Persia on the eastern road (To the east, where first is the city of Syras which) li..20., has an innumerable population, very many merchants, because all the merchants who come from the upper parts, that is from Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) and from there upwards (wanting to come by the road to Persia) pass through Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarkand, the principal city of Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, whom Henry III of Castile had sent as ambassador to Timur in 1405, has left us a description of Samarkand as it was in his time; cf. his work Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrary to popular belief, Shiraz is a very ancient city. Shortly after the Second World War, G. Cameron discovered in Persepolis some tablets in the Elamite language, containing details of the wages of the workers employed there in the construction of the palace of Darius; on one of these tablets the name of Shiraz appears, in the form Shira-its-tsi-ish. This is evidence that the city already existed in the period of the Achaemenids. At that time, however, it was overshadowed by Persepolis. Under the Sassanids Shiraz was the capital of Ardashir Khurreh, one of the five districts into which the province of Färs was divided. ...] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 142
SOURCE for Xiras
« A 24, vispera de Sancta Catalina martir, despues de auer enuiado delante muy de mañana el Enbaxador su rrecamara y todas las demas cargas, le vinieron á dar auiso como le querian ya salir á reçibir de Xiras, [On the 24th, the eve of Sancta Catalina martyr, after the Enbaxador had sent his chamber and all the other loads in front of him very early in the morning, they came to inform him how they wanted him and to leave to receive Xiras,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 332
« A 5 de Abril, en la tarde, salio el Enbaxador de Xiras, dexando algunos criados suyos con mas de çiento y çinquenta cargas de la pimienta que se lleuaua al rey de Persia, [On April 5th, in the afternoon, the Ambassador of Xiras left, leaving some of his servants with more than one hundred and fifty loads of pepper that he was taking to the King of Persia.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 367
SOURCE for Xiraz
« XIRAZ, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [João de Barros-Da Asia). [XIRAZ, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [João de Barros-From Asia).] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. O-Z p. 287
SOURCE for Zjie-raes
« arriv?mes à minuit au Caravanserai de Babbahad-jie, à 5. lieuës de Zjie-raes. [and arrived at midnight at the Caravanserai of Babbahad-jie, 5 leagues from Zjie-raes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 312

R167-117 Khoneh Zemoon caravansera
R167-117 Khoneh Zemoon caravansera : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: Khane Zeinan Caravanserai , Khaneh Zenyan Qadjarisches Karavanserail , Khoneh Zemoon caravansera ,
SOURCE for Khane Zeinan Caravanserai
SOURCE for Khaneh Zenyan Qadjarisches Karavanserail
« Karawanen-Halteort Khaneh Zenyan (Abb. 5; 59)Lage: 44 km westlich von Shiraz, an der Straße von Bu-shehr nach Shiraz, in + 1900 m ü. N. N., an einer Brücke über den Rudkhaneh Mand44. Es ist ein safavidisches Karavan-serail im Ort von einem gegenüber liegenden, älteren Kara-vanserail und einem außerhalb des Ortes gelegenen, qadjari-schen Karavanserail zu unterscheiden.c.) Qadjarisches Karavanserail (Taf. 6,4; 7,1.2) (46)Lage: Außerhalb des Dorfes auf der Westseite des Ruhkhaneh Mand.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und vierseitig umlaufenden Stallungen sowie mit sechsseitigen Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne die Turmvorsprünge 80 x 77 m; Hofabmessungen 44 x 35,80 m (Abb. 63), Fassa-denhöhe 8,40 m (Abb. 64).Baumaterial: Verputztes Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist stark beschädigt und partiell einsturzgefährdet.Inschriften: Die Inschriftentafel über dem Eingang ist entfernt.Datierung: 2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts.Wahrscheinlich in diesem Karavanserail ist der Leiter der preußischen Gesandtschaft an den Hof Fath-Ali Shahs, Freiherr Julius von Minutoli, auf der Reise nach Shiraz am 5. 11. 1860 gestorben. Er wurde auf dem christlichen Friedhof in Shiraz bestattet, sein Grabstein befindet sich jetzt im Garten der Deutschen Botschaft in Teheran (Taf.7.3).fn 46 M. Siroux, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières (Cairo 1949) 86 f., Fig. 48. Schnitte und Ansichten wurden am 22.9. 1988 vermessen. [Caravan stop Khaneh Zenyan (Fig. 5; 59)Location: 44 km west of Shiraz, on the road from Bushehr to Shiraz, at an elevation of 1900 m above sea level, at a bridge over the Rudkhaneh Mand River.44 A Safavid caravanserail is located within the village, while an older caravanserail is situated opposite it and a Qajar caravanserail is located outside the village.c.) Qajar caravanserail (Plates 6.4; 7.1.2) (46)Location: Outside the village on the west side of the Rudkhaneh Mand River.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and stables surrounding all four sides, as well as hexagonal corner towers.Dimensions: External dimensions excluding the tower projections 80 x 77 m; Courtyard dimensions 44 x 35.80 m (Fig. 63), facade height 8.40 m (Fig. 64).Building material: Plastered rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: The building is severely damaged and partially at risk of collapse.Inscriptions: The inscription plaque above the entrance has been removed.Dating: Second half of the 19th century.It is likely that Baron Julius von Minutoli, head of the Prussian legation to the court of Fath-Ali Shah, died in this caravanserai on November 5, 1860, while traveling to Shiraz. He was buried in the Christian cemetery in Shiraz; his gravestone is now located in the garden of the German Embassy in Tehran (Plate 7.3). fn 46 M. Siroux, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières (Cairo 1949) 86 f., Fig. 48. Sections and views were measured on 22.9.1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Khoneh Zemoon caravansera
« It was in this valley that we found the first caravansera, with a few huts attached to it, called Khoneh Zemoon, and esteemed to be seven fursucks from Shiraz. As our horses were fresh, we did not halt here, but pursued our way to the westward, over a country similar to that already described. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 316

R167-116 Mesjed Berdy
R167-116 Mesjed Berdy : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Masjed , Masjed Bardi , Masjid-i-Bardi , Qasr od Dasht , قصر الدشت ,
VARIANT names: Masjed Bardi , Mesjed Berdy ,
SOURCE for Masjed Bardi
SOURCE for Mesjed Berdy
« Passing through the extensive village of Mesjed Berdy, which, in old Persian, signifies the stone mosque, we had gardens on either hand, to the number of at least a thousand, and all of them were said to be productive of a variety and abundance of the best fruits. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 313

R167-118 Dusht-urgeon
R167-118 Dusht-urgeon : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Dachte-Arjan , Dasht-e Arjan , Dasht-e Arzhan , Dasht-e Arzhaneh , Dasht-i- Arjan , دشت ار?ن ,
VARIANT names: Dasht Arjin , Dasht-Arjun , Dasht-e Arzhan , Dasht-i-Arzin , Dastergen , Dusht-urgeon ,
SOURCE for Dasht Arjin
« « This was our goal after that climb over Pir Zan and thecold. Dasht Arjin (69) it is called. That house is the TelegraphSta.fn. 69 De Windt (1891), p. 197: “’The Plain of Wild Almonds,’ a kind of plateau to which the ascent is steep and difficult, one might have been in Switzerland or the Tyrol. Undulating, densely wooded hills, with a background of steep limestone cliffs, their sharp peaks, just tipped with snow, standing out crisp and clear against the cloudless sky, formed a fitting frame to the lovely picture before us; the pretty village, trees blossoming on all sides, fresh green pastures overgrown in places by masses of fern and wild flowers, and the white foaming waterfall dashing down the side of the mountain, to lose itself in the blue waters of a huge lake just visible in the plains below. The neighbourhood of » #3182 Captain John Compton Pyne, A Journal of Three Months’ Walk in Persia in 1884 by Captain John Compton Pyne: Introduction, Notes and Translation, Amsterdam University Press, 2017~ » #3182 Captain John Compton Pyne, A Journal of Three Months’ Walk in Persia in 1884 by Captain John Compton Pyne: Introduction, Notes and Translation, Amsterdam University Press, 2017 ~ p. 79
SOURCE for Dasht-Arjun
« 23rd February, Dasht-Arjun, 8 farsakhs ; 6.30 a.m. to 8 p.m. The stage from Qazran to Dasht-Arjun is the best of all in point of scenery, but it is a long day's march thirty-two miles, with two kotals. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 39
« Dasht-Arjun village was dimly seen at the farther end. Night fell before we reached the telegraph-station. … We were hospitably welcomed in the telegraph- office, and rejoiced in a warm fire and a good dinner. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 42
SOURCE for Dasht-e Arzhan
« Dasht-e Arzhan » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ Abb. 5 p. 10
SOURCE for Dasht-i-Arzin
« It was, indeed, a dreary scene, and the hearts of all of us were glad when we passed through a graveyard decked with grotesque stone lions, close under the rocky heights of the far extremity of the plain, and came in to the welcome sight of a blazing fire at the telegraph office of Dasht-i-Arzin. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 117
SOURCE for Dastergen
« nous descendîmes dans une vallée cernée de toutes parts par des montagnes où est bâti un mauvais village nommé Dastergen; une source abondante sort tout à côté du pied de la montagne et forme une petite rivière qui traverse la vallée et de- vient ensuite un marécage, faute d'écoulement; » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 500
SOURCE for Dusht-urgeon
« On gaining the summit, we had before us, on the western side, the fine plain of Dusht-urgeon, so called from a particular tree of the latter name being common near it. The large village of the same name appeared seated immediately beneath the cliff" of the north-western hills ; and just before sunset we entered it. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 316

R167-119 Caravansera Kotel
R167-119 Caravansera Kotel : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 29.5577 long 51.908369 † basis (p) VARIANT names: Caravansera Kotel , Karavanserail Miankotal/Miyankotal I , Miankatel Caravanserai , SOURCE for Caravansera Kotel « In about two hours we came to a caravansera, which forms a station for the passengers on this road ; and our fatigue would have induced us to halt here, but that there was at present neither water nor food for us or our horses, and it was therefore necessary to proceed. This station is called simply Caravansera Kotel, and is estimated to be only four fursucks from Dusht-urgeon ; but if this be correct, the distance must be measured in a straight line, as in actual surface we thought it at least six. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 319-320 SOURCE for Karavanserail Miankotal/Miyankotal I « Karavanserail Miankotal/Miyankotal (Taf. 4; 5,1) (Abb. 5; 48) (39)Lage: Miankotal (Zwischen den Pässen) liegt zwi-schen dem Paß des Mädchens (Kotal-e Dukhtar) und dem >>>Paß der Alten Frau (Kotal-e Pir-e Zan), unterhalb der Paßhöhe (+2160 m ü. N. N.) des Kotal-e Pir-e Zan, 6 km südwestlich vom Paß entfernt und etwa 12 km östlich vom Karavanserail Kotal-e Dukhtar, am alten, heute aufgegebe-nen und kaum noch befahrbaren Karawanenweg von Bus-hehr nach Shiraz (Abb. 6) in + 1600 m ü. N. N., also 560 m unterhalb der Paßhöhe des Kotal-e Pir-e Zan. Seit der Verle-gung der Straße ist auch das Dorf Miankotal (Miyankotal) (Abb. 48, Hausruinen) aufgegeben.Typ: Es handelt sich um zwei Karavanserails, die im Abstand von 5 m nebeneinander stehen. Beide Gebäude ent-sprechen dem Hoftyp.Großes Karavanserail: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwa-nen, 3 Stallabteilungen, einer Terrasse an der Südecke, vorgezogenem Portalbau und rückwärtiger Hofanlage (Abb. 49).Kleines Karavanserail: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabteilungen und rückwärtigem Anbau (Taf. 5,2.3) (Abb. 50).Abmessungen: Großer Bau: Außenmaße ohne Vor-sprünge 63 x 54 m, Hofabmessungen 38 x 30 m (Abb. 49). Höhe des Portalbaus 6,80 m (Abb. 51). An der Südecke ist unter Ausnutzung der Hanglage ein Untergeschoß, vom Portalbau aus zugänglich, als Stallung eingerichtet (Abb. 52).Kleiner Bau: Außenmaße ohne Anbau 38 × 34,50 m, Hofabmessungen 21 x 20 m (Abb. 50) und 4,90 m rekonstru-ierte Fassadenhöhe (Abb. 53).Baumaterial: Beide Bauten sind in Bruchsteinmauer-werk errichtet, die Hoffassaden und der Portalbau des großen Karavanserails sind mit sauber geschnittenem Quader-mauerwerk verkleidet.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das kleine Ka-ravanserail ist sehr stark zerstört, das große Karavanserail durch Erdbeben erheblich beschädigt und teilweise einge-stürzt.Inschriften: von beiden Bauten nicht bekannt.Datierung: Der kleine Bau kann als Vorgänger des grö-Beren Karavanserails angesehen werden. Der große Bau ist in qadjarischer Zeit, im 19. Jahrhundert errichtet worden.Im Bereich des kleinen Karavanserails wurden Bruch-stücke von Hufeisen und dunkelgraubraune, unglasierte Ke-ramik (Abb. 54) gefunden.fn 39 Das große Karavanserail wurde am 5. 12. 1988 und das kleine Kara-vanserail am 9. 3. 1990 vermessen. [Miankotal/Miyankotal Caravanserai (Plate 4; 5.1) (Figs. 5; 48) (39)Location: Miankotal (Between the Passes) lies between the Girl's Pass (Kotal-e Dukhtar) and the Old Woman's Pass (Kotal-e Pir-e Zan), below the summit (+2160 m a.s.l.) of Kotal-e Pir-e Zan, 6 km southwest of the pass and about 12 km east of the Kotal-e Dukhtar Caravanserai, on the old, now abandoned and barely passable caravan route from Bushehr to Shiraz (Fig. 6) at +1600 m a.s.l., i.e., 560 m below the summit of Kotal-e Pir-e Zan. Since the road was rerouted, the village of Miankotal (Miyankotal) (Fig. 48, ruins of houses) has also been abandoned.Type: These are two caravanserails, standing 5 m apart. Both buildings are of the courtyard type.Large Caravanserail: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, three stable compartments, a terrace at the south corner, a projecting gatehouse, and a rear courtyard (Fig. 49).Small Caravanserail: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four stable compartments, and a rear extension (Plate 5.2.3) (Fig. 50).Dimensions: Large building: External dimensions without projections 63 x 54 m, courtyard dimensions 38 x 30 m (Fig. 49).Height of the gatehouse 6.80 m (Fig. 51). At the southern corner, taking advantage of the slope, a basement level, accessible from the gatehouse, was constructed as a stable (Fig. 52).Smaller building: External dimensions without extensions 38 × 34.50 m, courtyard dimensions 21 × 20 m (Fig. 50), and a reconstructed facade height of 4.90 m (Fig. 53).Building material: Both buildings are constructed of rubble masonry; the courtyard facades and the gatehouse of the larger caravanserail are faced with neatly cut ashlar masonry.Structural features and condition: The smaller caravanserail is heavily damaged, while the larger caravanserail was significantly damaged by earthquakes and partially collapsed.Inscriptions: None known from either building.Dating: The smaller building can be considered the predecessor of the larger caravanserail. The large structure was built during the Qajar period, in the 19th century.Fragments of horseshoes and dark gray-brown, unglazed ceramics (Fig. 54) were found in the area of ??the small caravanserail.fn 39 The large caravanserail was surveyed on December 5, 1988, and the small caravanserail on March 9, 1990.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 32 SOURCE for Miankatel Caravanserai « Miankatel Caravanserai is one of the buildings of the Safavid era in Kazeroon. This caravanserai is the only stone caravanserai in Iran [1] and it is located in Baram plain. This caravanserai was built by the order of Shah Abbas Safavi, and for this reason it is also called Shah Abbasi Caravanserai. The total area of this large building, which has a rectangular plan, is about 3500 square meters, of which 2500 square meters are the basement of the cells around the central courtyard. The main feature of this caravanserai .is its special facade and walls, which are entirely made of a stone called Malon (marl) » [accessed 24 May 2024]

R167-120 Rah-dan : place IRN
VARIANT names: Rah-dan ,
SOURCE for Rah-dan
« We left this valley by passing over a gentle hill on the northwest, and came to a small square tower, used as a station for guards of the road, and called Rah-dan. We found here two or three musketeers, the rest being scattered over the mountains looking out. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 320

R167-121 Kotel Dokhter
R167-121 Kotel Dokhter : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PASS UFI: -3194455 coordinate: lat 29.566012 long 51.800555
NIMA/GNS names: Dukhtar Pass , Gardaneh-ye Dokhtar , Gardaneh-ye Kotal Dokhtar , Kotal-e Dokhtar , Kutal-i-Dukhtar , گردنه کتل دختر ,
VARIANT names: 'Daughter's ' Pass , Dukhtar Pass , Kotal-e Dokhtar , Kotel Dokhter ,
SOURCE for 'Daughter's ' Pass
« The kotals are four in number: The Kotal-i-Mallu, -the Accursed Pass; the Kotal-i-Kumarij; the Kotal-i-Dokhter, the Pass of the Daughter; and the Kotal-i-Pir-i-Zan, the Pass of the Old Woman. ... Soon after leaving Kazerun came the cold and repellent ' Daughter's ' Pass. Cold she was in very truth when I visited her, for she was clad in ice and snow. Crossing a causeway over a marsh and passing an ill-executed stone picture in the rock—a late imitation of the great Sassanian works—we set about the ascent. A fine piece of work, this road, up the precipitous rock, zigzagging with turn after turn, until at last, at the top, it bursts out upon an undulating piece of ground from which there is to be seen a view which is ample reward for the painful climb. After » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ pp. 61 and 110
SOURCE for Dukhtar Pass
« Opposite the SERRA CHENG Amnieh
Post a track leads off on to a where a stone platform has been erected in readiness for a gun emplacement. The spur commands the whole of the pass below the MIAN KUTAL SARAI and the road running across the plain to the DUKHTAR Pass (Mile 119½). » #3207 General Staff, India, M.T. Routes in Persia. Volume 1 – Main Routes. 1942, ~ p. 169
SOURCE for Kotal-e Dokhtar
« Por otro lado, Stein pensó que la etapa inal daba la vuelta hacia el Este, en las proximidades de Kāzerūn. Esta teoría ha sido seguida por algunos investigadores. Mientras que es verdad que el camino que va hasta Dašt-e Arjan (y desde ahí a Širāz y Persépolis) sobre el Kotal-e Dokhtar y el Kotal-e Pir-e Zan, es más corto, unos 135 km, que la vía que se dirige a través de Farrāšband y Firūzābād, que sin embargo es menos ardua. [On the other hand, Stein thought that the final stage turned towards the East, in the vicinity of Kāzerūn. This theory has been followed by some researchers. While it is true that the road leading to Dašt-e Arjan (and from there to Širāz and Persepolis) over the Kotal-e Dokhtar and the Kotal-e Pir-e Zan, is shorter, about 135 km, than the route leading through Farrāšband and Firūzābād, which is however less arduous.] » #3397 Joaquín Velázquez Muñoz, Problemas en torno al camino real aqueménida entre Susa y Persépolis: rutas y estaciones/Problems at around Achaemenid Royal Road between Susa and Persepolis: Routes and Stations, Gerión, 2013 31:pp. 147-178 ~ p. 154
« Another incident involving the British occurred in autumn 1865. While on their migration to their winter quarters, the Qashqa'is destroyed twenty miles of telegraphic wire between Shiraz and the Kotal-e-Dokhtar (near Kiazerun). They also broke 580 insulators and used many of the poles as firewood. The British, who had just constructed the line and were responsible for its operation, discovered that one of the major offenders was a minor Qashqa'i leader by the name of 'Ali Khan Beg, who had caused the fall of a large span across the nearby Kotal-e-Pir-e Zan by smashing a lower supporting insulator with a bullet from his gun. » #3169 Pierre Oberling, The Qashqā’i Nomads of Fārs, De Gruyter Mouton, The Hague, 1974 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Kotel Dokhter
« We came soon afterwards on the brow of another mountain, called Kotel Dokhter, or the ' Hill of the Daughter,' as secondary to that of the ' Old Woman,' which we had passed before. This presented us with a perpendicular cliff of about twelve hundred feet in height, at the foot of which commenced the plain of Kauzeroon. The descent down over this steep was by a zigzag road, once well paved, and walled on the outer side ; and from the steepness of the cliff, down which it wound its way, the several portions of the zigzag line were sometimes not more than ten paces in length, in any one direction, so that they were like a flight of steps placed at acute angles with each other. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 321

R167-122 Kauzeroon
R167-122 Kauzeroon : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kasrun , Kazarun , Kazeroun , Kazerun , كازرون ,
VARIANT names: Cazerún , Kauzeroon , Kazarun , Kazerun , Kazirun , Kazroûn , Qazran ,
SOURCE for Cazerún
« Having penetrated many difficult passes of the Kutel, whilst the narrow valley of Tang-i-Turkán (persian text) was below us on the right, we came to Deris (persian text), once a very large town; now inhabited only by a few poor people. Among the ruins (chiefly consisting of vaulted rooms and arches), I could remark but two buildings in a perfect state. The cemetery, through which our road lay, indi- cated an ample degree of former population, and was ornamented or guarded by the figure of a lion cut in stone. Five or six miles farther we reached our tents, close to the fine garden of Cazerún (persian text), and about three quarters of a mile from that city. The journey of this day was twenty miles » #2876 William Ouseley, Travels in Various Countries of the East, More Particularly Persia Vol. 1, Rodwell and Martin, London, 1819, ~ vol. 1 pp. 270-1
SOURCE for Kauzeroon
« Kauzeroon » in {map#1120 General Map of Persia, James Silk Buckingham, , #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~}
« According to Col. Pelly, “Kauzeroon is the principal town and a sort of half-way point
between Bushehr and Shirauz.”(8) It was 113 km from Shiraz and 155 km from Bushehr. Coming
from Bushehr a traveler went via Borazjan, Daleki, and the Kamarej plain to the entrance
of the valley of Shapur, “which was protected by neglected defense works is called Tang-e
Chitun.”(9)
fn. 9. Johnson 1818, p. 47. » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Kazarun
mentioned in Tawwadj EI X:398b
SOURCE for Kazerun
« Kazerun » in {map#1012 Fig. 2 Map showing major rivers, ground above 500m (sMded in gray) and the location
of individual Site Codes., Priestman, Seth M.N, 2005, #2855 Priestman, Seth M.N., Settlement and ceramics in Southern Iran: An analysis of the Sasanian and Islamic periods in the Williamson collection, Durham these, Durham University, Durham, 2005 ~} p. 46
« According to Ibn Howqal (943-69), Kazerun was well-built and the houses were of stone set
in mortar. Istakhri (tenth century) commented that the houses in Kazerun were like those
elsewhere in the province of Shapur, viz. they were built of adobe, but stones and gypsum
also were used. Because of the size, development, and fertility of the district and the closed
nature of the grouping of the houses they usually were very well built. Kazerun also had larger
buildings, villas, more fertile soil and better air than Nubendegan. In those respects Kazerun
was the healthiest town in Iran.(26) The entire urban area was filled with villas, orchards and
palm groves that extend to the left and right. Kazerun was a walled town with a suburb, and
it produced many fruits.(27)
fn. 27. Schwarz 1993, vol. 1, pp. 33-34. » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 70
SOURCE for Kazirun
« passes the city of Jirrah [31], which is some miles south-east of Kazirun. » #2866 Guy Le Strange, Mesopotamia and Persia under the Mongols in the Fourteenth Century A.D. from the Nuzhat-al-Kulub of Hamd-Allah Mustawfi, Royal Asiatic Society, 1903, ~ p. 69
« The city of Kâzirûn century when Shapur fell to ruin, became the most important town of the Shapur district. Ibn Hawkal describes it as in his time smaller than Nawbandajân, but well-built, the houses being of stone set in mortar. » #895 Le Strange, G., The lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia from the Moslem conquest to the time of Timur., Cambridge University Press, London, 1905, ~ p. 266
SOURCE for Kazroûn
« Kâzroûn 7 Farsangs » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 492
SOURCE for Qazran
« 21st February, Qazrân, 5 farsakhs ; 7 a.m. to 2 p.m.-Our next stage was Qazrân. Going down the middle of the Kamarij plain, we made our exit from it over low hills, … The town is an ancient one, and, like most Persian towns, has seen better days. It may have 8000 inhabitants at present. It suffered severely in the famine of 1879 and 1880. The qanats on which the water supply depends, dried up; many people died, and many more had to leave the place and seek work and food in Bushire or Shiraz. The antiquities of the place are to be found on the green hills behind the town. They consist of some traces of an old fort, and an empty cistern, which supplied the fort with water. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ vol. 1 pp. 36-7

R167-123 Dereez
R167-123 Dereez : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Deris , Pir Deriz , Pir-i-Diriz , دریس ,
VARIANT names: Dereez , Deris , Derrees ,
SOURCE for Dereez
« We quitted Kauzeroon about an hour before daylight, and going nearly north-west across a plain, with thorny bushes on it, came soon after sun-rise to the village of Dereez ; which, like the town we had quitted, presented more ruined dwellings than inhabited ones. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 331
SOURCE for Deris
« During the first part of this dais journey, the road exhibited such numerous remains of houses, that Cazerúm, connected on the other side with Deris, by the series of buildings still visible in ruins, might be said, with its gardens, to have once occupied a line of eight or nine miles. » #2876 William Ouseley, Travels in Various Countries of the East, More Particularly Persia Vol. 1, Rodwell and Martin, London, 1819, ~ vol. 1 p. 302
« He extended his sway north and south and took the Rahdar caravanserai and the Tang-e Torkan, thus commanding the main road to Kazerun. His Kashkuli rival, Mohammad Khan, had similar ambitions regarding villages in Kamarej and Khesht and tried to take Deris near Kazerun. » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 165
SOURCE for Derrees
« Derrees » in {map#1161 Route of H.M. Mission through Persia on 1809, , , #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~}

R167-124 Shapoor
R167-124 Shapoor : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: RUIN UFI: -3084185 coordinate: lat 29.780507 long 51.574476
NIMA/GNS names: Behshapur , Beyshapur , Shahpur , Shahr-e Beyshabur , Shahr-e Shapur , Shahr-e Tarikhi-ye Neyshabur , Shapur , بیشاپور , شهر بیشابور , شهر تاریخی نیشابور ,
VARIANT names: Behshapur , Bisapur , Bishapur , Naqsh-i Rustam , Shapoor , Shapur , Veh-Shapur ,
SOURCE for Behshapur
« In 260, he also took Syria, and the new Roman emperor, Valerian, along with senators and soldiers, was captured and deported to the city of Bishapur (Middle Persian Bēsha¯buhr ). » #3107 ed. D.T. Potts, The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran, Oxford University Press, New York, 2013 ~ p. 190
SOURCE for Bisapur
« 1.2 Bišāpūr,The second city in our typological discussion is Bišāpūr, founded by Šāpūr 1 (241-272). Here there is a famous series of reliefs carved in the Tang-i Cugan, and a high fortress guards the opening, where the Šāpūr river leads onto the plain. The eastern sector of the city was excavated by Roman Ghirshman, who discovered a temple, probably to Anahita, and a palace (now often considered » #3152 ed. David Durand-Guédy, Jürgen Paul, Roy Mottahedeh, Cities of Medieval Iran, Brill, Leiden, 2020 ~ p. 82
SOURCE for Bishapur
« Ibn al-Balkhi - Nahr Bishapur, arose in the mountains around Bishapur, watered the city and district of Bishapur and the villages of Khisht and Dih Malik, emptied into the Persian Gulf between Jannaba and the Mandistan area; also known as the Zirah, Khisht and Shapur river (Le Strange 1912: 871). » #3031 D.T. Potts, Sailing to Pasargadae., in: ed. T. Daryaee, A. Mousavi and K. Rezakhani, Excavating an Empire: Achaemenid Persia in Longue Durée, Mazda Publishers, Costa Mesa, California, 2014, ~ p. 8
SOURCE for Naqsh-i Rustam
« Although many of the largest and most important Sasanian sites are located in Fars, there is virtually no ceramic material published from many of these sites. The best known Sasanian period ceramic assemblages are from Firuzabad, Hajjiabad, and Qasr-i A b u Nasr, while there is nothing yet published about the material from Istakhr, Naqsh-i Rustam or Bishapur (Boucharlat and Haerinck 1992b: 307). This means that the known corpus of Sasanian ceramics is relatively limited (Boucharlat and Haerinck 1992b: 306; also Huff 1991). » #3122 ed. D.T. Potts and K. Roustaei, The Mamasani Archaeological Project Stage One, Iranian Center for Archaeological Research, Tehran, 2006 ~ p. 13
SOURCE for Shapoor
« After a short stay here to procure a guide, we set out for Shapoor, going in a northern direction into a lower plain, covered with fertile soil, and abundantly watered, but being now mostly spread over with thorny trees and wild verdure. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 331
SOURCE for Shapur
« The name of the district stems from that of its former capital, the city of Shapur or, as Maqdisi calls it, Shahristan.(74) As the name suggests, Shapur was founded under the Säsänids; in the tenth century it had already lost its former importance because of the rise of Kazarûn. Not far from the ruins of the city one can still see in the mountains several bas-reliefs, one of which represents the victory of Shäpür I (249-272) over the Roman emperor Valerian; there is on the same site a statue of Shapûr I, the only extant statue from the Sasanid period.(75)
fn. 74 Maqdisl, p. 432.
fn. 75 Istakhri, p. 150, regarding a mountain in the confines of Sabur with portraits of Persian kings, marzbans and priests (Schwarz, Iran im Mittelalter, II, 42). There is an error on the map (Shapûr is to the northwest of Kazarun, not to the northeast). ((For the Sasanid monuments in the area of Shapûr, see the bibliography in Vanden Berghe, Archéologie de l'Iran ancien, pp. 54-57, 158-59, 242; Ghirshman, Iran. Parthes et Sassanides; idem, Les mosaiques sassanides (Paris, 1956).) [Shapur is more generally known today as Bishäpür; see also for its pre-Islamic monuments, Matheson, Persia, an Archaeological Guide, pp. 236-40; Herrmann, The Iranian Revival, pp. 15-16, 23, 90, 92-94, 101-105. » #2871 W. Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1984, ~ p. 162
SOURCE for Veh-Shapur
« Veh-Shapur (Bishapur), founded by Shapur I near present-day Kazirun. Ibnal-Balkhi says that Shapur was not content with building the town itself, but also carried out construction projects in the surrounding areas.(3) fn. 33. Hamza (tr.: 35); SKZ (line 25-26); Shahristan: par. 43; Ibn al-Balkhi (tr.: 50f, 55). » #3112 Peter Christensen, The Decline of Iranshahr: Irrigation and Environment in the Middle East, 500 bc–ad 1500, Bloomsbury Publishing Limited, London, 2015 ~ #3112 Peter Christensen, The Decline of Iranshahr: Irrigation and Environment in the Middle East, 500 bc–ad 1500, Bloomsbury Publishing Limited, London, 2015 ~ p. 163

R167-125 Dereez
R167-125 Dereez : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Deris , Pir Deriz , Pir-i-Diriz , دریس ,
VARIANT names: Dereez , Deris , Derrees ,
SOURCE for Dereez
« We quitted Kauzeroon about an hour before daylight, and going nearly north-west across a plain, with thorny bushes on it, came soon after sun-rise to the village of Dereez ; which, like the town we had quitted, presented more ruined dwellings than inhabited ones. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 331
SOURCE for Deris
« During the first part of this dais journey, the road exhibited such numerous remains of houses, that Cazerúm, connected on the other side with Deris, by the series of buildings still visible in ruins, might be said, with its gardens, to have once occupied a line of eight or nine miles. » #2876 William Ouseley, Travels in Various Countries of the East, More Particularly Persia Vol. 1, Rodwell and Martin, London, 1819, ~ vol. 1 p. 302
« He extended his sway north and south and took the Rahdar caravanserai and the Tang-e Torkan, thus commanding the main road to Kazerun. His Kashkuli rival, Mohammad Khan, had similar ambitions regarding villages in Kamarej and Khesht and tried to take Deris near Kazerun. » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 165
SOURCE for Derrees
« Derrees » in {map#1161 Route of H.M. Mission through Persia on 1809, , , #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~}

R167-127 Terz-e-Turkoon
R167-127 Terz-e-Turkoon : place IRN
VARIANT names: Tang-i-Turkhan , Terz-e-Turkoon ,
SOURCE for Tang-i-Turkhan
« Tang-i-Turkhan » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Kazerun H-39P 1948}
SOURCE for Terz-e-Turkoon
« We left Deree. two hours before daylight, on our way to Bushire. In an bour from hence we reacbed the Rah Dan, where an alann was given at our approach. Soon after, we came to a long and narrow ascending pass, called Ter ...... Turkoon. and, crossing this, came out into a fine plain. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 342

R167-126 Rah Dan
R167-126 Rah Dan : place IRN
VARIANT names: Rah Dan , Rahdar Sarei ? ,
SOURCE for Rah Dan
« We left Deree. two hours before daylight, on our way to Bushire. In an bour from hence we reacbed the Rah Dan, where an alann was given at our approach. Soon after, we came to a long and narrow ascending pass, called Ter ...... Turkoon. and, crossing this, came out into a fine plain. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 342
SOURCE for Rahdar Sarei ?
« Rahdar Sarei ? » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Kazerun H-39P 1948}

R167-127 Kanaredj
R167-127 Kanaredj : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kamarady , Kamaraj , Kamaraj-e Markazi , Kamarej , Kamarij , Komaradj , کمارج , کمارج مرکزی ,
VARIANT names: Comúredge , Kamarij , Kamariz , Kanaredj , Khaumaridge , Komaradj , Konoridgé , Kumarij , Kumarij kotal ,
SOURCE for Comúredge
« Khisht is enumerated among the towns of Fars by EBN HAUKAL in the tenth century (17), and it would appear that Khisht and Comúredge were both considered in the fourteenth century as holding a higher rank than can be now assigned to them, although the inhabitants have, probably, retained their character unaltered. "They are," says HAMDALLAH MASTOWFI, "two cities or towns "situate in the midst of the mountainous region of the 4 garmsir (or warm country); they have running streams, "and produce date-trees and corn, and nothing else. The "corn is watered here both artificially, and by rain; and "the men are thieves and highway robbers, expert in "the use of arms"(18). HA'FIZ ABRU's account of Khisht and Comáredge is borrowed almost verbally from the description above-quoted; he reduces them to small cities or towns, and adds, (what we found in one instance to be true) that the water was "warm and unpleasant". » #2876 William Ouseley, Travels in Various Countries of the East, More Particularly Persia Vol. 1, Rodwell and Martin, London, 1819, ~ vol. 1 pp. 268-9
SOURCE for Kamarij
« 20th February, Kamárij, 3 farsakhs; 9 a.m. to 2 p.m.-Next day we marched only twelve miles to Kamarij. The road traverses a corner of the Khisht plain, leaving rice-fields and date- groves on the left, and enters the low hills which run out from the foot of the Kamarij kotala second flight of rocky stairs, 1200 feet high, » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ vol. 1 p. 34
SOURCE for Kamariz
Kunar Takhta (57) to Kamariz is about another 12 miles, withanother big climb, one mass of huge bare rock, ghastly roadand very much the same sort of plateau at the top withKamariz(58) in it
fn. 57 Vilmorin (1895), pp. 337-338: “Konar-Takhte lies in one of these little clumps of [date palms]. A village made up of mounds of reedsand an Indo-European Telegraph station: nice little villa, built for the line inspectors posted there… Three rooms, very comfortableand very carefully whitewashed, are put at our disposal by a Persian, temporarily in charge of the villa. The ceiling of these rooms issupported by round joists, covered with mats; this type of construction clearly dates back to what was here before the advent of Islam;however the layout and arrangement of the villa’s rooms belies the love of the English for the comfortable. Using the means at ourdisposal, the rooms, completely devoid of furniture, were soon readied; I installed myself very comfortably in my room, with my tentaccessories for furniture. Only one room in the villa was locked, as it was reserved solely for the inspectors...”
fn. 58 Loti (1900), p. 41: “Konoridgé, the village where we would spend the night; soon we could make out the beautiful date palms whichshelter it, its little mosques and all the white terraces with their star-given blue hue. There must be a festival going on, as we could nowhear the tambourines, the flutes, and from time to time, women shouting for joy in a manner as piercing as that in Algeria, the cry ofthe Moorish women…” Also – he refers to it as “the enchanted village”.
« Kunar Takhta (57) to Kamariz is about another 12 miles, withanother big climb, one mass of huge bare rock, ghastly roadand very much the same sort of plateau at the top withKamariz(58) in it
fn. 58 Loti (1900), p. 41: “Konoridgé, the village where we would spend the night; soon we could make out the beautiful date palms whichshelter it, its little mosques and all the white terraces with their star-given blue hue. There must be a festival going on, as we could nowhear the tambourines, the flutes, and from time to time, women shouting for joy in a manner as piercing as that in Algeria, the cry ofthe Moorish women…” Also – he refers to it as “the enchanted village”. » #3182 Captain John Compton Pyne, A Journal of Three Months’ Walk in Persia in 1884 by Captain John Compton Pyne: Introduction, Notes and Translation, Amsterdam University Press, 2017 ~ p. 53
SOURCE for Kanaredj
« In an hour afterwards we reached its boundary, having on tbe right a long village called Kanaredj, and by the road-side a small caravansera. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 342
SOURCE for Khaumaridge
« Khaumaridge » in {map#1161 Route of H.M. Mission through Persia on 1809, , , #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~}
SOURCE for Komaradj
SOURCE for Konoridgé
see source « Kamariz »
SOURCE for Kumarij
« There are two alternative routes between Kazerun, Kumarij and Konar Takhteh. One, the Rah-i-Bardun, over the Kuh-i-Mast, is often used by Khurshid Khan for caravans to Kazerun, when he is at strife with the kashkulis. The other route from Kazerun leaves the main track at the caravanserai and passes by the Kuh-i-Surkh road to the north of Kumarij till it descends on to the Konar Takhteh plain, thus avoiding the Tang-i-Turkan, Kumarij and the Kotal-i-Kumarij altogether. » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 186
SOURCE for Kumarij kotal
« The scene during the ascent of the Kumarij kotal was magnificent. On one side of a huge chasm the path wound tortuously upward ; the other was a sheer precipice, down which Nature in a fantastic mood had fashioned vertical strata-seams straight down the face of the rock. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 63

R167-129 Kanarattakh caravanserai
R167-129 Kanarattakh caravanserai : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 29.536552 long 51.396576 † basis (p) VARIANT names: Kanarattakh caravanserai , Karavanserail Konartakhteh , Koneh Takhta caravansera , SOURCE for Kanarattakh caravanserai « Kanarattakh caravanserai is one of the historical monuments of Kazerun region. This caravanserai , which dates back to the Safavid era , is located in the city of Kanar Takhteh . The materials used in the construction of this building are stone and plaster, which are used to support the roof of the Toizeh arch and the pointed arch, which is one of the characteristics of Iranian architecture » [accessed 24 May 2024] SOURCE for Karavanserail Konartakhteh « Karavanserail Konartakhteh (Abb. 5) (27)Lage: 22 km nordöstlich des Karavanserails Pol-e Hadji Mahamad Rahim und 23 km südwestlich des Ortes Kama-radj, in + 480 m ü. N. N., inmitten des Ortes.Typ: Ein Bau, etwa in der Größe des Karavanserails Kamaradj I.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 27 Konartakhteh wurde am 9. 11. 1990 besucht. Eine Vermessung war wegen unfreundlichen Verhaltens der Bevölkerung nicht möglich. [ 1,162 Konartakhteh Caravanserail (Fig. 5) (27)Location: 22 km northeast of the Pol-e Hadji Mahamad Rahim Caravanserail and 23 km southwest of the village of Kamaradj, at an elevation of 480 m above sea level, in the center of the village.Type: A single structure, approximately the size of the Kamaradj I Caravanserail.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.(Fig. 27) Konartakhteh was visited on November 9, 1990. A survey was not possible due to the unfriendly behavior of the local population.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 25 SOURCE for Koneh Takhta caravansera « and iD half an hour afterwards we alighted at the caravansera of Koneh Takhta, where we refreshed. This village contains only a few houses and huts, seated in the centre of a fine and extensive plain, to the north of which were large groves of trees and gardens. . From hence in two hours we came to another Rah DaD » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 343

R167-128 Khish : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Khesht , Khisht , خشت ,
VARIANT names: Khish , Khisht ,
SOURCE for Khish
« This Kotel, or Pass, took us an hour to clear. In half an bour from its foot we reached a small village of huts, called Khish, with some ruined houses: » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 342
SOURCE for Khisht
« KHISHT (1) Name of a river and district in Färs, reached on the road from Būshire to Shiraz by Kazarūn, after the ascent of the Kutal Mällü pass. The administration of this district was entrusted in 1882 to Hāji Mirzš Agha Khan, Vakil, and his brother Fazl 'Ali Khân. (Stack—Ross) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ pt. 1 A-K p. 556
« Khist [name of place] | 15 [miles] | Road rugged and very stony for ten miles, winding at the foot of mountains. Crossed a river three times within this distance. Here begins the pass: easy ascent for a mile and a half, then steep and difficult for half a mile. After three or four hundred yards begins another easy ascent, which is a quarter of a mile in length, where ends the pass of Cotul Mauloo. About three miles from hence lies the village, in a pleasant valley, about seven miles in length and four in breadth. [remarks] » #3021 John Macdonald Kinneir, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, John Murray, London, 1813 ~ Appendix pp 363-4
« Those who had assembled to congratulate us near the halting-place this day, were inhabitants of Khisht, (persian text), a village within four miles; once probably of some note, as a geographical author whose words shall be hereafter cited, calls it a town or city; they composed a numerous peishwáz, having drums, trumpets, and fire- arms; and they entertained. us with the jerid bázi or mock lance-play, and several vollies of musketry. On entering the Caravanserai, ZA'L KHA'N caused three or four thin glass bottles, nearly full of sugar-candy, to be broken; and their contents scattered among the crowd; a manner of complimenting illustrious strangers practised in Persia during many centuries.. » #2876 William Ouseley, Travels in Various Countries of the East, More Particularly Persia Vol. 1, Rodwell and Martin, London, 1819, ~ vol. 1 pp. 262

R167-129 Dahlikee caravansera
R167-129 Dahlikee caravansera : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: Caravanserai Dalaki , Dahlikee caravansera , Karavanserail Dalaki ,
SOURCE for Caravanserai Dalaki
SOURCE for Dahlikee caravansera
« It was sun-set before we reached the bottom of this pass, when we turned around to the south to enter the large village of Dahlikee, where we found shelter in a new and good caravansera. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 343
SOURCE for Karavanserail Dalaki
« Karavanserail Dalaki Lage: Im Ortsgebiet, 23 km nördlich von Borazdjan und 11 km südwestlich des Karavanserails Pol-e Hadji Maha-mad Rahim. Dalaki liegt in + 100 m ü. N. N. am Fuß des Ge-birges an der Straße Bushehr - Shiraz.Typ: Großes Karavanserail mit vier Iwanen.Abmessungen: nicht bekannt.Baumaterial: Gemörteltes Bruchsteinmauerwerk (?).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten und in Benutzung.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Dalaki CaravanserailLocation: Within the town limits, 23 km north of Borazdjan and 11 km southwest of the Pol-e Hadji Maha-mad Rahim Caravanserail. Dalaki lies at an elevation of approximately 100 m above sea level at the foot of the mountains on the Bushehr-Shiraz road.Type: Large caravanserail with four iwans.Dimensions: Unknown.Building material: Mortared rubble masonry (?).Structural features and condition: Well-preserved and in use.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 21

R167-130 Barazgoon
R167-130 Barazgoon : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Borazdjan , Borazjan , Borazjun , برازجان , برزدجن ,
VARIANT names: Barazgoon , Borasgoon , Borasgoun , Borasgun , Borasjoon , Borauzgoon , Borazjan , Borazjun , Burazjun ,
SOURCE for Barazgoon
« We went southerly 'along the foot of the hills, as on our right was swampy ground i and in our way we passed some fretid pools, and were plagued with flies and musquitoes: the night was calm and warm. The road gradually turning off to the south-west, we came in about five hours to the large scattered village of Barazgoon, seated among palm-trees, and four fursucks from Dahlikee. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 343
SOURCE for Borasgoon
« Borasgoon » in {map#1129 Map of Asia Minor Armenia and Koordistan, , 1816, #3020 John Macdonald Kinneir, Journey Through Asia Minor, Armenia, and Koordistan in the Years 1813 and 1814, John Murray, London, 1818 ~}
SOURCE for Borasgoun
[caravanserai coordinates lat. 29.267250° long 51.208444°. PBR]
« By 1876, the caravanserai was ready, so that now Borazjan was described as consisting of “a telegraph-station, a caravansarai, and a village.”(114) … The new caravanserai made quite an impression on European travellers. From afar it stood out as a landmark against the sky, looking like a two-tiered mediaeval castle with lofty and loopholed walls, ramparts, enormous towers and turrets. Everyone considered it to be the finest caravanserai in Iran, and although “it lost much of its impressiveness as one draws nearer,” it was still a magnificent building. On the inside there was “a splendid suite of rooms for the governor or other travelling officials of high rank.”(116) Although a caravanserai, the building was at the same time a stronghold “capable of being utilised as a fort, the reason why locally it was called dezh or fort. High Persian officials passing through Burazjan treat the Sarai as a residence.”(117) Apparently, later some smaller additional caravanserais were constructed in Borazjan. According to a survey by 1896, the town had one large caravanserai and three small ones.(118)
fn. 116. Curzon 1892, vol. 2, p. 226 (with description); Weeks 1896, p. 127; De Vilmorin 1895, pp. 343-44. (with a detailed description and drawing); Bradley-Birt 1909, pp. 61-2; Williams 1907, p. 42;
Sadid al-Saltaneh 1362, p. 30; Pirzadeh 1343, vol. 2, p. 413.
fn. 117. Lorimer 1915, p. 328; Farrashbandi 1336, vol. 2, p. 224. This caravanserai was used as the
headquarters of the fourth battalion of the gendarmerie as of 1913. Akhgar 1366, p. 109.
fn. 118. Sadid al-Saltaneh 1362, pp. 30-31 (unless the small ones had already existed prior to 1876, but had been disregarded by Europeans, which seems unlikely). » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ pp. 41-2
« Nous arrivons à Borasgoun, l'un des plus vastes caravânséraï de la Perse, construit en pierres de taille, à une époque encore toute récente. L'aspect engageant de ce monument nous invite à y pénétrer, et même à nous y installer. » #3071 Lacoin de Vilmorin, De Paris à Bombay par la Perse, Firmin-Didot, Paris, 1895 ~ p. 343
SOURCE for Borasgun
« Borasgun (39) the 2nd place out of Bushire I reached on 1st May ... Borasgun is very hot, has a good bazaar, the best Caravanserai (44) in Persiabuilt by the Mushir-ud-daulah (45) or Prime minister (now dead) as a charity. It would easily accommodate 1,000 men.
fn. 39 Stanley (1895), vol. 2. p. 410: “Borazjûn is inhabited by a most murderous set of people, and is famous in history for being the scene of a battle between the English troops and the Persians, February 8th, 1857. I am not likely to forget the scores of scorpions I saw at this place.”
fn. 44 Vilmorin (1895), p. 344: “Although the first floor of thecaravansary was clean and well kept, the same could not be saidof the small rooms on the ground floor which surrounded thecourtyard. The filth some people had left behind was dreadful….The telegraph station was near the caravanserai.”
fn. 45 Possibly Mirza Hosein Khan Moshir od-Dowleh Sepahsalar(1828–1881) was the prime minister (sadr-e a’zam) of Naseral-Din Shah Qajar of Iran (Persia) between 1871 and 1873. » #3182 Captain John Compton Pyne, A Journal of Three Months’ Walk in Persia in 1884 by Captain John Compton Pyne: Introduction, Notes and Translation, Amsterdam University Press, 2017 ~ pp. 43-4
SOURCE for Borasjoon
« Borasjoon » in {map#1161 Route of H.M. Mission through Persia on 1809, , , #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~}
SOURCE for Borauzgoon
« Borauzgoon [name of place] | 24 [miles] | Road good, over a plain. At six miles crossed the bed of a dry river, called Kharga, breadth about fifty or sixty feet. At fifteen miles a village on the right of the road. Half a mile before Borauzgoon the road stony. Borausgoon is a large village, sur- rounded with a mud wall, flanked with towers. [remarks] » #3021 John Macdonald Kinneir, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, John Murray, London, 1813 ~ Appendix p. 363
SOURCE for Borazjan
« Fourteen years later
there was still no caravanserai, for though the road through Borazjan was a major trade route
one did not find a caravanserai till one reached Daleki.106 However, there was the ruin of the
old caravanserai, for in 1875 Ballantine wrote that there was a caravanserai, but it was totally
tumbled down.107 This means that either between 1865 and 1875 a caravanserai had been
built, which in that short period had become ruined, which seems highly unlikely, or what is
more likely, that it was the ruin of the caravanserai destroyed in 1824. » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 41
« we reached Burazjun at half-past nine at night, hungry and tired. Mr. Arshak, who was there in charge of the telegraph station, received us hospitably, and gave us a good dinner. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 31
SOURCE for Borazjun
« Burazjún is a large village, with walls and towers; near it we observed some cultivated land and trees. … During the twenty-ninth, we halted at Burazjún; but foupd it difficult to procure a sufficiency of. Provisions for our numerous party. … Near our camp was the tomb of some modern Imámzádah or Mohammedan saint » #2876 William Ouseley, Travels in Various Countries of the East, More Particularly Persia Vol. 1, Rodwell and Martin, London, 1819, ~ vol. 1 pp. 254 and 257
« At Borazjun for that was the name of the village which lay near the 'fortress' (which turned out a fine caravanserai)-I found the first rest-house of the Indo-European Telegraphs. These rest-houses, primarily intended for the superintendents of the line, are dotted at intervals all the way up the main trade route from Bushire to the Caspian, and the officials are most generous in allowing travellers to make use of them on their journeyings. Sometimes they are detached buildings, sometimes they are specially apportioned parts of the common caravanserai; » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 42
SOURCE for Burazjun

R167-131 Seeroond
R167-131 Seeroond : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Isavand , `Isavandi , `Isevand , `Isivand , `Isvand , عيسوند ,
VARIANT names: `Isavand , Seeroond ,
SOURCE for `Isavand
SOURCE for Seeroond
« Dahlikee. From hence we were two hours going across the plain to a smaller village, called Seeroond j and in two hours more we reached the station of Ahmedee, which is accounted by the people to be ten fursucks from Dahlikee, but which we thought to be only eight. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 343-344

R167-132 Bushire
R167-132 Bushire : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Abu Shehr , Abuschehr , Bandar Abu Shehr , Bandar Bushehr , Bandar-e Bushehr , Bouchehr , Buschir , Bushehr , Bushire , بندر بوشهر , بوشهر ,
VARIANT names: Abbeseer , Abïishehr , Abou-Chahr , Abousher , Abu Shahr , Abufchahhr , Alexandri , Antiochia in Persis , Bender-Bouchehr , Bocher , Booshuhr , Bouchyr , Bushahr , Bushehr , Bushir , Bushire , Chersonesos , Mesambria , Rev Ardeshir , Seleucia on the Erythraean Sea ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Bushire FOR Bascarde [Dames], POSSIBLE LOCATION at Bushire FOR Areon [Kempthorne],
SOURCE for Abbeseer
« Abbeseer (55 B) : Bushehr ? » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006 ~ index p. 412
« Abbeseer » in {map#1022 Persische Golf, Compiled by Jan de Marre. Published in Amsterdam by Johannes van Keulen, 1753, The Hague, Nationaal Archief, 4.VEL S6B 033 kaart(13)}
SOURCE for Abïishehr
« 22. Abushehr (Büshir), 28° 59' 7" N.B., 50° 49' 37" O.L. v. G., aan het uiteinde van een door zandbanken omringden landtong gelegen, is de voornaamste haven van Perzie, met omstr. 20 000 inw. Het werd reeds door Jaqüt in het midden der eeuw vermeld1), ook door Balbi (1586) Met Reixel = Rlshehr op Portug. kaarten (waarover lager), werd waarschijnlijk Büshir bedoeld. Van Loon heeft het als Abbeseer. Het bleef een onbeduidend plaatsje lot Nadir Shah (1688—1747) er, weinige jaren vóór zijn dood. aanving de vloot te bouwen waarmede hij hoopte zijn gezag over de geheele Golf te vestigen. Gamron, reeds vervallen door de aanhoudende onlusten gedurende den Afghaanschen inval, geraakte ook onder Nadir niet weder tot bloei, en zoowel de Nederl. als de Eng. O. I. Cie kozen achtereenvolgens andere havens voor hun bedrijf: Basra, Bender Rïg, het eiland Kharak. Ook te Büshir had onze Compagnie eenigen tijd een kantoor, maar de Engelschen, die er zich vestigden in 1764, voerden er met korte tusschenpoozen, wanneer weder Gamron of Basra de voorkeur kregen, van den aanvang af den boventoon. Nearchus landt hier en noemt het Mesambria (wellicht, meent Tom., de nabootsing van een verloren Perz. naam, b. v. madema vairiya — „wat zich te midden van den vloed bevindt", of wel naiwa-rauia — „Middag", in de beteekenis van den bestaanden naam van deze kust germsïr — heete landstreek). Hij beschrijft het als een „schiereiland met vele tuinen, waarin alle soorten van vruchtboomen groeien", hetgeen tot op zekere hoogte nog heden het geval is. Ptolemaeus heeft Chersonesos voor het schiereiland, zonder nadere aanduiding. Vincent (p. 395) meent dat de Grieken hiermede een woordelijke vertaling kunnen gegeven hebben van een reeds bestaanden oud-Perz. naam: Mesen — eiland, Ber — vasteland: Mesen-ber-ia, dat is dus omgekeerd Cherso nese. Dit heeft echter geen ingang gevonden.
I) De Morgan (Études Géograph., II, 300.) zegt ten onrechte dat Bushïr gesticht werd door Nadir Shah en hij haar Aba Chahr = Perè des cités noemde. Ook deze afleiding is betwistbaar, want Abü is een arab. en shehr het enkelvoud van een Perz. woord, waardoor de samenkoppeling dus onaannemelijk wordt. Houtum Schindler (bij Curzon, II, 231, note) vond in den Karnamek {Boek der Daden) van Ardeshïr Babekan, den eerste der Sasaniden, dat hij, vluchtende naar de kust voor de Parthen, „toen hij de zee aanschouwde God prees en daar aan een plek den naam Bokht- (= heeft verlost) Artakhshir gaf en er een tempel, aan het vuur gewijd, stichtte." De latere verkorting tot Büshir zou dan aannemelijk zijn (vgl. Bahmishlr van Bahman Ardeshir). Het is echter niet waarschijnlijk, dat deze afleiding het raadsel voor goed heeft opgelost.
[22. Abishehr (Büshir), 28° 59' 7" N., 50° 49' 37" E., situated at the extremity of a spit of land surrounded by sandbanks, is the principal port of Persia, with approx. 20 000 inh. It was already mentioned by Jaqüt in the middle of the century1), also by Balbi (1586) With Reixel = Rlshehr op Portug. cards (about which below), Büshir was probably meant. Van Loon has it as Abbeseer. It remained an insignificant place for Nadir Shah (1688-1747) a few years before his death. began to build the fleet with which he hoped to establish his authority over the entire Gulf. Gamron, already dilapidated by the continuing disturbances during the Afghan invasion, did not flourish again under Nadir either, and both the Nederl. as the Eng. O. I. Cie successively chose other ports for their company: Basra, Bender Rig, the island of Kharak. Our Company also had an office at Büshir for some time, but the English, who settled there in 1764, predominated from the outset at short intervals, when Gamron or Basra were again preferred. Nearchus lands here and calls it Mesambria (perhaps, thinks Tom., the imitation of a lost Persian name, e.g. madema vairiya — "that which is in the midst of the flood," or naiwa-rauia — "Afternoon," in the meaning of the existing name of this coast germsir — hot country). He describes it as a "peninsula with many gardens, in which all kinds of fruit trees grow," which is still the case to a certain extent today. Ptolemy has Chersonesos for the peninsula, without specifying. Vincent (p. 395) believes that the Greeks may have given a literal translation of an already existing old Persian name: Mesen — island, Ber — mainland: Mesen-ber-ia, that is the reverse Cherso nese However, this has not found acceptance.
I) De Morgan (Études Géograph., II, 300.) wrongly says that Bushir was founded by Nadir Shah and he called it Aba Chahr = Perè des cités. This derivation is also debatable, because Abu is an Arab. and shehr the singular of a Persian. word, making the combination implausible. Houtum Schindler (at Curzon, II, 231, note) found in the Karnamek (Book of Deeds) of Ardeshir Babekan, the first of the Sasanids, that, fleeing to the coast of the Parthians, "when he beheld the sea he praised God and there gave a place the name Bokht- (= has redeemed) Artakhshir and founded there a temple dedicated to the fire." The later shortening to Büshir would then be plausible (cf. Bahmishlr of Bahman Ardeshir). probably, that this derivation has solved the riddle for good.] » #2863 ed. A. Hotz, Cornelis Cornelisz Roobacker's Scheeps- Journaal Gamron-Basra (1645); De Eerste Reis Der Nederlanders door de Perzische Golf. In Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Tweede Serie, Deel Xxiv., Brill, Leiden, 1907 ~ p. 386
SOURCE for Abou-Chahr
#1839 Morgan, Jacques de, Mission scientifique en Perse Tome Second Études Géographiques, Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1895 vol. 2: ~ Fig. 142. Abou-Chahr p. 299
SOURCE for Abousher
« The same day in the evening, wee were at Abousher, which is a Castle. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 457
SOURCE for Abu Shahr
« Confident of his ability to challenge the British themselves, Shaikh Salman carried out his first direct hostile act against the British on July 18, 1765. Six of his Gallivats captured two British ships on their way from Abu Shahr to Basra, a small Company ship called Sally and the Company’s yacht. A few days later they captured Fort William (286), one of the British ships trading under Company protection. The capture of these ships marked the beginning of a long and arduous struggle between the British and Kaᶜb.
fn. 286 B.P.C., Vol. 28. Letter from Basra, Aug. 14, 1765. » #2977 Abdul Amir Amin, British Interests in the Persian Gulf 1747-1778 - thesis, University of Maryland, 1962 ~ p. 142
SOURCE for Abufchahhr
« A Ahhrán je quittois le Kaffle, avec quelques autres perſonnes, qui étoient ausſi à Cheval, et j'arrivois à la verité un peu incommodé et fatigué, mais d'ailleurs fort heureuſement à Abuſchähhr. [At Ahhrán I left the Kaffle, with some other people, who were also on horseback, and I arrived in truth a little inconvenienced and tired, but otherwise very happily at Abuſchähhr.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 148
SOURCE for Alexandri
« Alexandri: ‘From the river Rhogomanis to a peninsula 500 stadia. Opposite
this is an island called Alexandri’.(120) Bushehr.(121)
fn. 120 Schoff, Periplus of the Outer Sea (as in n. 111) 21.
fn. 121 W. Henkelman, pers. comm. » #2996 Potts, D., The islands of the XIVth Satrapy. Pp. 375-396 in Oetjen, R., ed. New perspectives in Seleucid history, archaeology and numismatics: Studies in honor of Getzel M. Cohen., Beiträge zur Altertumskunde 355, De Gruyter, 2019 ~ p. 393
SOURCE for Antiochia in Persis
#382 Potts, D.T., The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990 pp 15-6 D. T. Potts reviews the possible locations and states that the suggestion put forward by W. W. Tarn that the city was located at Bushire has been generally accepted.
SOURCE for Bender-Bouchehr
« La veille de notre départ de Bender-Bouchéhr, nous primes congé du cheykh, [The day before our departure from Bender-Bouchehr, we took leave of the sheikh,] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 52
« Bender-Bouchéhr » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Bocher
« After an hour's talk with him, I re-embarked in my taranquaine, which is the name of the vessels that navigate the Persian Gulf (1). I followed our route with a light wind from the sea, which took us near the Persian coast. About four o'clock in the afternoon we saw Bocher [Bushire], a little town on the Persian coast of which I will speak in another place; and, in passing two leagues below it, we also saw Richer [Rishahr], which appears to be a large fortress on the seashore, built in former times by the Portuguese at the mouth of a little river (2). By it was a beach between two mountains and a village in a wood, the verdure of which was a pleasant sight from the sea. It was once inhabited and under Portuguese rule, but is now deserted except for some poor Persians and Arabs, subjects of the King of Persia. That night and the following day we continued on our way along the coast.
fn. 1 Hamilton (1, 41) calls these boats 'trankies'. As to their nature and the supposed derivation of the word, see Sir W. Foster's note (ibid., 1, 226), and Hobson-Jobson, 937, where Couto is cited as calling them 'terranquims' in 1554, and Hanway tarranquins' in 1753. Pietro della Valle (Viaggi, IV, 437; tr. Havers, 238) also speaks of the barques on the Persian Gulf called 'terrankim'.
fn. 2 This was the former fortress of the ancient town of Rishahr, mentioned by Curzon, II, 235, and Wilson, p. 74 » #385 ed. Fawcett, The Travels of the Abbe Carre in India and the near east 1672 to 1674, Hakluyt Society, London, 1947 ~ vol.1 pp. 94-5
SOURCE for Booshuhr
« I only stayed long enough in Booshuhr to enable arrangements to be made for my journey to Sheeraz, and started after a couple of days. The road to Sheeraz has been so often, and in some cases, especially by Colonel Taylor, so well described, that there remains very little to say about it. It leaves the town and proceeds over an expanse of hard sand which gradually becomes more and more wet, and it is necessary to be very careful in following the track, or else to have a guide; as off the road, one might very soon get into a quicksand. » #1795 MacGregor , Charles Metcalfe, Narrative of a Journey through the Province of Khorassan, and on the N. W. Frontier of Afghanistan in 1875, ~ vol. 1 p. 14
SOURCE for Bouchyr
« Nous faisons halte au second village, et à deux heures, après le soleil couché, nous nous remettons en route dans la compagnie d'une caravane qui se rendait comme nous à Bouchyr. [We stopped at the second village, and at two o'clock, after the sun had set, we set off again in the company of a caravan which was going, like us, to Bouchyr.] » ##3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838., Librairie Encyclopédique De Roret, Paris, 1843 ~ pt.2 p. 510
SOURCE for Bushahr
SOURCE for Bushehr
« The two principal ports of foreign trade were Masqat and Basrah through one or other of which passed the great bulk of the goods that either entered or left the Gulf. It was calculated that more than half of the Indian imports at Bushehr and Basrah and the bulk of those into Bahrain were received through Masqat; and, similarly, the goods arriving by land from Europe, Asia Minor, etc., were distributed from Basrah as a centre. Bushehr was now practically the only port of Persia, as Basrah was of Turkish Iraq; Bahrain served Hasa and Central Arabia through Zubarah and Qatif; and Masqat was almost exclusively a port of transit. Bushehr and Kuwait were sometimes used as bases from which to smuggle goods into Turkish Iraq and even across Turkish Iraq to Europe. » #660 Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1915 ~ vol. 1 pt. 1 p. 166
« Bushehr is situated at the northern end of a cigar-shaped peninsula of quaterny sandstone, about 12 miles long by 4 miles broad in the widest part, running parallel to the mainland and joined to it in the middle by a sandy plain about 20 miles wide, known as the Mashilah, which in winter more resembled a marsh. The town was a little above sea level, and until the early nineteenth century it was frequently an island, from rising tides.(3) In fact, in 1673 the town was described as being “surrounded on the west by a river, which is navigable for large boats, sand on the other side is embellished by woods and palm-groves. Most of the inhabitants are Arabs, the rest are Persians.”(4) However, already by mid-nineteenth century this flooding of the marsh was a rare occurrence, while towards the end of the century Bushehr had in fact become a peninsula.(5)
fn. 5. The origin of the name Bushehr is unclear. Popular etymology has it that the name means Abu Shahr or Father of the City, which is very doubtful. Equally doubtful is A. Houtum Schindler’s suggestion that the name is a contraction of Bokht Ardashir (Ardashir has delivered). Curzon 1892, vol. 1, p. 231; E`temad al-Saltaneh 1294-96/1877-80, vol. 1, p. 300 mentions that Bushehr sometimes became an island. For the situation in 1913, see Report on the Trade 1913-14, p. 1. » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 4
SOURCE for Bushir
« The stoney peninsula of Bushir, 130 miles north west of Siraf, is connected to the mainland by a marshy area. Some surface findings at the end of the 19th century. Then Pezard's excavations in 1910 and finally Williamson' s survey have shed some light on the history of the city . » #2809 R. Boucharlat, J.-F. Salles, The History and Archaeology of The Gulf From The Fifth Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D.: A Review Of The Evidence, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, London, 1981, Vol. 11:pp. 65-94 ~ p. 69
« Bushlr has been identified with Antioch of Persis (Ptolemy, VI, 4, 2) already mentioned in an inscription from Magnesia upon the Meander (Tarn 1951 : 270 note 11). » #2809 R. Boucharlat, J.-F. Salles, The History and Archaeology of The Gulf From The Fifth Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D.: A Review Of The Evidence, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, London, 1981, Vol. 11:pp. 65-94 ~ p. 70
SOURCE for Bushire
« Nov. 9th.-We entered the gate of Bushire at sun-rise, rode to the British factory, and, leaving our horses, went straight to the bath; after which, we walked through the dirty and sandy town, to the Resident's house. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 344
SOURCE for Chersonesos
« 22. Abïishehr (Büshir) … Hij beschrijft het als een "schiereiland met vele tuinen, waarin alle soorten van vruchtboomen groeien", hetgeen tot op zekere hoogte nog heden het geval is. Ptolemaeus heeft Chersonesos voor het schiereiland, zonder nadere aanduiding. Vincent (p. 395) meent dat de Grieken hiermede een woordelijke vertaling kunnen gegeven hebben van een reeds bestaanden oud-Perz. naam: Mesen = eiland, Ber = vasteland: Mesen-ber-ia, dat is dus omgekeerd Cherso nese. Dit heeft echter geen ingang gevonden. [22. Abïishehr (Büshir) ... He describes it as a "peninsula with many gardens, in which grow all kinds of fruit trees", which to some extent is still the case today. Ptolemy has Chersonesos for the peninsula, without further designation. Vincent (p. 395) believes that the Greeks could have given a literal translation of an already existing old Persian name: Mesen = island, Ber = mainland: Mesen-ber-ia, which is Chersonese in reverse. However, this has not found acceptance. ] » #2863 ed. A. Hotz, Cornelis Cornelisz Roobacker's Scheeps- Journaal Gamron-Basra (1645); De Eerste Reis Der Nederlanders door de Perzische Golf. In Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Tweede Serie, Deel Xxiv., Brill, Leiden, 1907, ~ pp. 386-7
SOURCE for Mesambria
« ‘In this passage they had followed the winding of the coast round a peninsula, (on which they saw plantations and gardens, with all kinds of fruit-trees,) and anchored at a place called Mesambria.'* This, therefore, could be only descriptive of the peninsula of Bushire, to the northward of which this station is to be sought for. * Voyage of Nearchus, c. 39. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~
SOURCE for Rev Ardeshir
« Finally, Bushir is certainly the Sasanian Rev Ardeshir (Whitehouse
and Williamson 1973: 40-2 ). It is an important foundation of Ardeahir I
(22 4-242 ) on t he Coast, which emphasises, if needed, the Sasanian kings'
interest in supervising the Gulf trade (Tabari, in Noldeke 1879: 19) .
Rev Ardeshir was the diocesan centre of the Christian archbishop of Fars,
created in 415 / 420 , but Christians were already numerous in 341 when
Shapur II persecuted them (Fiey 1969: 182; 1974: 283-4) . » #2809 R. Boucharlat, J.-F. Salles, The History and Archaeology of The Gulf From The Fifth Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D.: A Review Of The Evidence, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, London, 1981, Vol. 11:pp. 65-94 ~
SOURCE for Seleucia on the Erythraean Sea
#382 Potts, D.T., The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990 pp 15-6 Potts reviews the possible locations and states that the suggestion put forward by W. W. Tarn that the city was located at Bushire has been generally accepted.

R167-000 Bagdad
R167-000 Bagdad : place IRQ
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLC UFI: -3103581 coordinate: lat 33.3386111 long 44.3938889
NIMA/GNS names: Bagdad , Baghdad , Baghdad ,
VARIANT names: Bagdad , Bagdat , Bagdet , Baghdad , new Babylon , Pai-ta ,
SOURCE for Bagdad
« nous parti-mes de Bagdad le 6 de Juin [We left Baghdad on June 6th] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 168
« Notre intention, en quittant Bagdad, était d'abord de descendre le Tigre jusqu'à Bassora, et d'aller ensuite à Bender-Bouchêhr; [Our intention, on leaving Baghdad, was first to descend the Tigris to Basra, and then to go to Bender-Bouchehr;] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 218
« We quitted Bagdad by the gate of Imâm Azam, so called from its leading to the tomb of that saint, who is venerated as the chief of the Hanefies, and whose mausoleum is about an hour's ride to the north of the city. This was the gate by which I entered on my arrival here; and being in the N. E. quarter of Bagdad, it is the principal point of arrival and departure for all the great roads on the east side of the Tigris. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 4
« At eight miles fromBagdad wemet a caravan of Persians, which appeared to form the suite of some woman of rank. Nine veiled females, all mounted astride on horses, were riding in aline. She who bythe superiority of dress appeared to be the principal lady, had her horse led by an eunuch. We arrived in Bagdad at half-past three in the afternoon, having suffered so much from the intense heat of the sun that our hands and faces were completely blistered. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 pp. 218-9
Da Ispahan, del 17 di marzo 1617.
1. Con occasione di certe lettere, che per uomo a posta spedi-sco verso Italia, non voglio mancare di far parte a V. S. del mio viaggio dalla Babilonia in qua: ma, perchè ho poco tempo, il più brevemente che potrò, conforme le scrissi da Bagdad con le ultime mie, una de'ventitrè di decembre, e l'altra poscritta del due di gennaio; il quarto giorno del corrente anno 1617 partii da quella città nel modo che dirò. I Persiani, che sono oggi in guerra coi Turchi, fecero poco innanzi Natale una correria nel paese di Bagdad, e rovinarono una villa grossa, chiamata Mendeli. [From Ispahan, March 17, 1617.
1. On the occasion of certain letters that I am sending to Italy by post, I do not want to fail to inform Your Excellency of my journey from Babylon onwards. But, since I have little time, I will do so as briefly as possible, as I wrote to you from Baghdad with my last ones, one dated December 23rd and the other postscript dated January 2nd. On the fourth day of this year 1617, I left that city in the manner I will describe. The Persians, who are now at war with the Turks, made a raid on the country of Baghdad shortly before Christmas and destroyed a large village called Mendeli.]
SOURCE for Bagdat
« I came to Mando, eight p. a town belonging to the Turks. The 25th, eight p. to Emomester. The 26th, eight p. to Boroh, passed over a river in a boat, and came that night to Bagdat. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 219
« At Hispahan I abode thirteene dayes, and spent a moneths journey to Bagdat; which is a Citie about two English miles in compasse, seated on Tigris: neverthelesse it is very populous, and of great traffique of strangers, being the way to Persia, Turkie, and Arabia. Here I embarqued my selfe for Balsara; » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 86
« February 21. We rose from ye Caravansarai, and arrived about 12 o'clock this day at Bagdat (God be praised), all in good health, having been 71 dayes on our Journey from Spahan to this place. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 218
« D'Anna à Bagdat, jours. 4 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
« Cette eſcorte ne marcha que deux jours avec nous, et ils ſe retirerent le cinquième dés que les troupes à pied et à cheval du Bacha de Bagdat parurent.Aprés avoir un peu côtoyé le Tygre, le ſeptiéme au matin nous fùmes loger à Bagdat chez les Capucins qui occupent une maiſon du Roy, [This escort only marched with us for two days, and they withdrew on the fifth as soon as the Pasha of Baghdad's troops, both on foot and horseback, appeared.After skirting the Tigris for a while, on the morning of the seventh we were lodged in Baghdat with the Capuchins, who occupy a house belonging to the King.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 136
SOURCE for Bagdet
« The sixth day wee trauelled eightéene forsongs to the great City of Bagdet, or Babylon, where we staied vntill the twentie two day of October following.This City standeth vpon the great Riuer Euphrates, and is a great, rich, and strong City, with mighty strong wals, whereon are planted 100. and twenty péeces of brasse ordinance. » #3515 Robert Coverte, ed. Boies Penrose, The travels of Captain Robert Coverte, Wm. F. Fell co., printers, for Mr. Boies Penrose, 1931 ~ p. 85
SOURCE for Baghdad
« Parties of irregular horse were stationed at the caravanserais which have been built at regular distances on the much-frequented road between Hillah and Baghdad. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 2 p. 200
« thence 8 to Baghdad. Total (from Qasr-i-Shirin) to Baghdad 30 leagues, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« From Baghdad to Asadābād in the direction of Hamadān: » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for new Babylon
« e finalmente dopo 41. giorni di pericoloſo, e rincrefcevole viaggio fopra il Chilech, giungemmo alla nuova Babilonia, nella di cui dogana trovai il Padre Emanuelle [and finally after 41 days of dangerous and unpleasant journey across Chile, we arrived at the new Babylon, in whose customs house I found Father Emanuelle.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 17
« In ſedeci giorni dopo la noſtra partenza da Sufa arrivammo in Babilonia, dove trovai il Padre mio-Compagno, che di già ritornato era da Baffora ammalato. [Sixteen days after our departure from Sufa we arrived in Babylon, where I found my Companion Father, who had already returned from Baffora and was ill.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Pai-ta
#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 117, 122 note 13

R167-001 Orta Bir
R167-001 Orta Bir : place IRN
VARIANT names: Orta Bir ,
SOURCE for Orta Bir
« At the end of about three hours, we reached a small building near a well, which produces, in the winter only, a scanty supply of brackish water. This is called "Orta Bir," a compound of Turk-ish and Arabic, signifying "the half-way well," from an idea that it is just midway between Bagdad and the first caravanserai to the east of it. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 7

R167-002 Orta Khan
R167-002 Orta Khan : place IRQ (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 33.572058 long 44.542433 † basis (p) VARIANT names: Khan Bani Saad caravanserai, Diyala , old ruinous Caravansara , Orta Khan , SOURCE for Khan Bani Saad caravanserai, Diyala Conservation and Rehabilitation of the Khan Bani Saad Caravanserai, Diyala [accessed 26 Aug 2025] SOURCE for old ruinous Caravansara « February 20. We ferried our goods and Camels over y River Deala. We rose about sun set, and lay at an old ruinous Caravansarai: 3 hours riding towards Bagdat. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 218 SOURCE for Orta Khan « From the well, our course went nearly a point more northerly; and after going for two hours on a similar road, we reached the khan, or caravanserai, called also "Orta Khan," from an idea of its being midway between Bagdad and Bakouba. The khan appeared to be small, and built of bricks. A few huts were seen near it, and the barking of dogs showed these to be inhabited; but as we passed through, leaving the dwellings on our right, and the khan on our left, without alighting, we saw none of the people of the place. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 8 « Towards evening the shams disappeared, the waste purpled as the sun sank, and after riding fifteen miles we halted near the mud village of Orta Khan, a place with brackish water and no supplies but a little brackish sheep's milk. The caravanserai was abominable, and we rode on to a fine gravelly camping-ground, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 49

R167-003 Bakouba
R167-003 Bakouba : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ba`qubah , Bakuba , Ba'quba , Baqubeh ,
VARIANT names: Alwaniyya , Bacouba , Bacoubah , Bakooba , Bakoobah , Bakouba , Bakuba , Ba'quba , Baqubeh , Baquya , Bookoroos , Yakubiyeh , Ya'qubabad ,
SOURCE for Alwaniyya
« Bāqūya, also called Alwaniyya, 5 hours » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Bacouba
« Nous laissons sur notre droite deux villages, et ar-rivons à Bacouba, après avoir traversé à gué la Diala. [We leave two villages on our right, and arrive at Bacouba, after having crossed the Diala by ford.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 220
SOURCE for Bacoubah
« From the ferry we rode about two miles along the banks of the river, and arrived at Bacoubah, our second day's march. This appears to have been a very considerable place, but has been laid almost entirely in ruins by the army of Coords, under the command of Mohumud Ali Meerza, late Prince Governor of Kermanshah, whose head quarters had been established here for some time. The cholera morbus breaking out among them caused their speedy return to Kermanshah, where the Prince soon after died. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 263
SOURCE for Bakooba
« Bakooba » in {map#1329 Persia with part of the Ottoman Empire, Walker, John, 1831, David Rumsey Map Collection list no: 11298.018 fig. }
SOURCE for Bakoobah
« Bakoobah » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 415
SOURCE for Bakouba
« Bakouba » in {map#1120 in #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~ fig. General Map of Persia}
« Ascending the eastern shore, which was thickly covered with palms, we went for about a quarter of an hour east, and then turning to the left, entered some lanes between garden-walls of mud, which led us into Bakouba, where the caravan dispersed, and we ourselves alighted at a public khan. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 9
SOURCE for Bakuba
« The road now runs in an easterly direction through high walled gardens, and at 13 miles enters Bakübā where there is a telegraph and a post office. There is a good camping ground to be found anywhere outside the town. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 145
SOURCE for Ba'quba
« hence-with Shahraban lying 2 leagues distant to the right of the road-in 7 leagues to Ba?qübā city » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« Ba?qūbā ou Bāqūba ou Bā?qūba III C3 Bā?qūba. Iraq.Cité de la circonscription de Bagdad.Hur 75; M 53; Muq 53, 115.Yaq I, 672-75; LS 59; DKI 467; LBB 94-95; EI I 997. [Ba'qūba ou Ba'qūba ou Ba'qūba III C3 Ba'qūba. Iraq.
Quote from the constituency of Baghdad.
Chapter I, 672–75; LS 59; DKI 467; LBB 94–95; EI I 997.] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 26
SOURCE for Baqubeh
SOURCE for Baquya
SOURCE for Bookoroos
« February 19. We rose from Belad-il-Roos and lay at Bookoroos. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 218
SOURCE for Yakubiyeh
« The heat soon became so oppressive that we rejoiced when we reached , after two hours' more ride , the village of Yakubiyeh . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 208
« We entered Yakobiyeh after crossing the Diyalah by a pontoon bridge of twelve boats, and found one good house with projecting lattice windows, and a large entrance over which the head and ears of a hare were nailed; narrow, filthy lanes, a covered bazar, very dark and ruinous, but fairly well supplied, an archway, and within it this caravanserai in which the baggage must be waited for for two hours. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 52
SOURCE for Ya'qubabad
« Yaʿqūbābād 8 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375

R167-004 Shahraban
R167-004 Shahraban : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Al Miqdadiyah , Muqdadiyah , Shahraban , Shahroban ,
VARIANT names: Apollonia , Charaban , Chehr-Abad , Chehreban , Muqdadiyah , Nushirwan ? , Sabbercam , Sabbercam , Sabbercawn , Scehravan , Schehraban , Shahr Reban , Shahraban , Shahrevan , Shehrban , Shehreban , Sheraban , Shuburgan , Steroban ,
SOURCE for Apollonia
« Shahraban Apollonia » in {map#1120 in #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~ fig. General Map of Persia}
SOURCE for Charaban
« De Bourons à Charaban, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Chehr-Abad
« Nous arrivames à midi et demi à Chehr-Abâd, où nous joignimes la caravane. Ce village assez considérable est à moitié ruiné. Situé sur un canal formé par la Diala, il est environné d'arbres, et renferme un bazar et un caravansérail. [We arrived at half past twelve at Chehr-Abâd, where we joined the caravan. This fairly large village is half ruined. Situated on a canal formed by the Diala, it is surrounded by trees and contains a bazaar and a caravanserai.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 221
SOURCE for Chehreban
« Nous partimes donc le matin du 10, et après avoir marché pendant. neuf heures par un ſoleil très-ardent, nous arrivames à une heure après midi à Chehreban, gros bourg au Nord-Eft de Bagdad, ſitué ſur le bord oriental de la Diala, qui lui four-nit de l'eau par un canal. » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 171
SOURCE for Muqdadiyah
SOURCE for Nushirwan ?
« We rode over the same flat , parched , and uninteresting country , and soon after sunrise sought shade and repose for the day in the gardens of the village of Nushirwan. During the following night we crossed the Hamrin, a range of low crumbling sandstone hills which extend , parallel to the great mountains of Kurdistan , almost from the river Zab near Mosul to far below Baghdad . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 209
SOURCE for Sabbercam
« The first day of September, wée trauelled twelue forsongs to a great Towne called Sabbercam, being the first towne that wée came to in Arabia, where are growing great store of Pomgranats, which the Ara|bians doe call Anarres. This is a Towne of Garrison of the Arabians, and héere wée staied a day and a night. » #3515 Robert Coverte, ed. Boies Penrose, The travels of Captain Robert Coverte, Wm. F. Fell co., printers, for Mr. Boies Penrose, 1931 ~ p. 84
SOURCE for Sabbercawn
« Whence to Baghdad the first day is to Corranda, and then successively to Deachow, Miscarroon, Corryn, Laccary, Corbet, Naza-reil, Sabbercawn (near which is Pully-shaw [Pul-i-Shah], and Caromoon-shahoon [Kirmanshah], formerly called Coon-sha,(3) where was decided that famous contest for the Persian crown 'twixt Artaxerxes and Cyrus recorded by Xenophon, and in memory whereof in the concave of the adjacent mountain is engraven portraits resembling those I mentioned of Rustam near the ruins of Persepolis; only here are added the figures of elephants and other beasts, such as are well worth a traveller's observing). Bagdad is next to Sabbercawn, whence is but one day's journey to Baghdad upon Tigris,
fn. 3 See p. 112. Herbert seems to refer to Cunaxa, where the famous battle was fought in 401 B.c.; but that place is on the Euphrates. As regards some of the places mentioned on the route, Sir Denison Ross writes that either Corranda or Corryn may stand for Karind, and Sabber-cawn is Shuburgan. »
#3211 ed Foster, William, Thomas Herbert, Travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ p. 220
SOURCE for Scehravan
« Il giorno del sei passammo prima una villa chia-mata Techiè, poi un'altra grande, alla quale, benchè rustica, per la grandezza danno nome città, e si chiama Scehravan. [On the sixth day we first passed a village called Techiè, then another large one, which, although rustic, because of its size they call a city, and is called Scehravan.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 428
SOURCE for Schehraban
« Schehraban » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, }
SOURCE for Shahr Reban
« I picked up rapidly (this was my third sunstroke), and next day we marched slowly on to Shahr Reban. I have many notes here, but they are undecipherable excepting the figures of the meteorological readings, which I evidently spared no pains to make clear. From Shahr Reban to Yakubabad was rich fertile ground. » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 457
SOURCE for Shahraban
« At 10 miles Shahraban is reached, where there is a telegraph office and post office, several caravansarais, and a roofed bāzār. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 146
« hence-with Shahraban lying 2 leagues distant to the right of the road-in 7 leagues to Ba?qübā city » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« Sharaban (or Shahr- e-Van) is a small town or village, which the inhabitants say, was in former times a large city more magnificent than Bagdad. Not a vestige of this past grandeur remains , though, according to D'Anville, it stands on the site of the ancient Apollonia ; an opinion certainly corroborated by the tradition on the spot. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 237
« Shahraban » in {map#1393 Map of Ancient sites of Iraq, Directorate General of Antiquities, Baghdad, 1954, }
« After a stay in Baghdad, he went on to Persia, by way of Shahraban (Muqdadiya), Kesrabad (Qizil Rabat) and Khanaqin. He described Kesrabad as being surrounded by fields and canals, with maize, cotton, melons, gourds, palm trees and pomegranates. At that time, the town had two mosques and a mixed population of Arabs and Turks. While there, he vi-sited some ruins northeast of the town (Gauri, No. 27 on Pl. 2). (17)fn. 17 Travels in Assyria, Media and Persia... (London: Henry Colburn, 1829), pp. 11-29, esp. p. 18. »
#3603 McGuire Gibson, Uch Tepe I: Tell Razuk, Tell Ahmed Al-Mughir, Tell Ajamat, The Oriental Institute, University Of Chicago, 1981 ~ p. 16
« From the bridge, our course went again north-easterly, and in about an hour from thence we reached the town of Shahraban, which we entered through mud-walled lanes and dusty roads, just as the moon was setting; and with some difficulty, at this unsea-sonable hour, found our way to a khan.SEPT. 5th. The village of Shahraban is composed, like that of Bakouba, of scattered brick dwellings, some few regular streets, and mud-walled gardens and palm-grounds. It has one mosque with a well-built minaret, and two khans, but nothing else worthy of notice. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 11
SOURCE for Shahrevan
« Shahrevan » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 415
SOURCE for Shehrban
« The extent of Apolloniatis, more anciently called Sittacene, according to Strabo and others, is stated as thirty-three schœni, or eighty-two and a half miles, and this distance, estimating from Seleucia, would bring us exactly to Kizil Robat of the modern route, which it will be seen is eighty miles distant from Baghdad. In its immediate neighbourhood, therefore, was the boundary line between Apolloniatis and the next province or district. Between Bakuba and Kizil Robat at the present day is Shehrban, with numerous vestiges of ancient civilization in its environs, some of them of sufficient importance to arrest attention, especially the vast mounds and ruinous walls of Eski Baghdad, or Old Baghdad, about three miles to the north of the village. » #3577 C. Masson, Illustration of the Route from Seleucia to Apobatana, as Given by Isidorus of Charax, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1850 ~ p. 102
SOURCE for Shehreban
« We reached Shehreban at eleven o'clock P. M., and found it almost entirely deserted. It is a place of considerable extent. We wandered through the desolate streets some time, without finding any house with inhabitants, till we came to a caravanserai, where we met a man who told us that all the inhabitants had left the place, which had been sacked and ruined by the Coords.We pitched our tents a quarter of a mile from the town; and remained the following day at Shehreban, to enable us to examine some ruins in the neighbourhood. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 273
SOURCE for Sheraban
« Some large graveyards, with brick graves, a crumbling imamzada, a pointed arch of brick over the Nahrud canal, a few ass caravans, with a live fowl tied by one leg on the back of each ass, and struggling painfully to keep its uneasy seat, some cultivation and much waste, and then we reached the walled village of Sheraban, once a town, but now only possessing 300 houses. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 57
SOURCE for Shuburgan
« fn. 3 See p. 112. Herbert seems to refer to Cunaxa, where the famous battle was fought in 401 B.c.; but that place is on the Euphrates. As regards some of the places mentioned on the route, Sir Denison Ross writes that either Corranda or Corryn may stand for Karind, and Sabbercawn is Shuburgan. »
#3211 ed. Foster, William, Thomas Herbert travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ notes to page 220 p. 327
SOURCE for Steroban
« Delà paſſant outre, and cheminant la plus grande partie de la nuict par vn tres bon pays, où nous trouuafmes force foſſez et ruiffeaux, nous arriuaſmes en vn autre licu fort plaiſant, à cause des arbriffeaux, et datiers qui y font, et pource auſſi qu'il eſt en-uironné quafi de tous coſtez de collines mediocres. Le lieu s'appelle STEROBAN, tout autour le pays eft fort fertile, et non gueres loing delà, il nous fallut paffer fix bras d'vne riuiere, et beaucoup de foſſez pleins d'eau, [From there, passing on, and traveling the greater part of the night through a very good country, where we found many ditches and streams, we arrived at another very pleasant place, because of the shrubs and date trees which grow there, and also because it is surrounded on all sides by moderate hills. The place is called STEROBAN, all around the country is very fertile, and not far beyond, we had to cross several branches of a river, and many ditches full of water,] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ pp. 117-8
« The place is called Stéroban, (1) and the neighbouring country is very fertile;
fn. 1 ? Shāhraban, a village near Daskara. See le Strange, Lands of the Eastern Caliphate, p. 62. » #3613 ed. E. Denison Ross, Sir Anthony Sherley and His Persian Adventure, The Broadway Travellers; RoutledgeCurzon, 1933; 2005 ~ p. 158/238 pdf
« 11/11 Steroban (Shahraban) » #3620 Stefanos Yerasimos, Les voyageurs dans l'Empire Ottoman (XIV - XVI siecles). Bibliographie, itineraires et inventaire des lieux habites., Imprimerie De La Sociêtê Turquie D'histoire,, Ankara, 1991 ~ p. 429

R167-005 Kesrabad
R167-005 Kesrabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLQ UFI: 10403107 coordinate: lat 34.184117 long 45.143526
NIMA/GNS names: Qazal Rabat , قزل رباط ,
VARIANT names: Casered , Chizil-rabat , Galula , Kesrabad , Khizil Rubaut , Kizil Robat , Kizilribat , Kizilrobat , Kizil-Rubat , Kizitrobat , Kizyl-Abad , Kizzil Robat , Kuzzelroobaut , Kuzzerabad , Kyzyl Ribat , Qazal Rabat , Qizil Ribat , Qizil Robat , Qyzrubah , Qyzyl-abad , Ribat Djalula , Ribat Jalula , Rubat Jalula ,
SOURCE for Casered
« De Charaban à Cafered, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Chizil-rabat
« Il giorno del sette, pagato un dazio che si doveva quivi, non molto a buon'ora ci mettenimo in cammino: passammo certi monti deserti e nudi d'erba, e poi una pianura simile, ed al tramontar del sole ci attendammo sotto una villa che si chiama Chizil-rabat, ed è l'ultima abitata della giurisdizion turchesca: [On the seventh day, having paid a duty which was due there, we set out at a very early hour: we passed some deserted mountains bare of grass, and then a similar plain, and at sunset we encamped beneath a village called Chizil-rabat, which is the last inhabited place under Turkish jurisdiction:] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 pp. 428-9
SOURCE for Galula
« Galūlā III D2 Qizil Ribāt. Iraq. Cité de la circonscription de Bagdad.Η 233; Hur 6, 13, 18, 19, 41; Qud 198, 226, 2238; F 165, 172; Y 270; R 164; M 53, 355, 3358; Muq 53, 115, 121, 135.Yaq II, 107-108; LS 62, 80; EI II 417. [Galūlā III D2 Qizil Ribāt. Iraq. City of the constituency of Baghdad.Η 233; Hur 6, 13, 18, 19, 41; Qud 198 , 226 , 2238; F 165, 172; Y 270; R 164; M 53, 355, 3358; Muq 53 , 115 , 121 , 135 .Jacques II, 107-108; LS 62, 80; EI II 417.] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 28
SOURCE for Kesrabad
« After a stay in Baghdad, he went on to Persia, by way of Shahraban (Muqdadiya), Kesrabad (Qizil Rabat) and Khanaqin. He described Kesrabad as being surrounded by fields and canals, with maize, cotton, melons, gourds, palm trees and pomegranates. At that time, the town had two mosques and a mixed population of Arabs and Turks. While there, he visited some ruins northeast of the town (Gauri, No. 27 on Pl. 2). (17)fn. 17 Travels in Assyria, Media and Persia... (London: Henry Colburn, 1829), pp. 11-29, esp. p. 18. »
#3603 McGuire Gibson, Uch Tepe I: Tell Razuk, Tell Ahmed Al-Mughir, Tell Ajamat, The Oriental Institute, University Of Chicago, 1981 ~ p. 16
« we approached toward the town of Kesrabad, entering it about eleven o'clock, two hours and a half from the eastern foot of the hills we had crossed, and about five and a half from our leaving Shahraban; so that its distance may be from eighteen to twenty miles east-north-east of that place. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 18
SOURCE for Khizil Rubaut
« After a march of three hours we arrived at Khizil Rubaut, com-pletely worn out with the heat and close-ness of the atmosphere.Our tents were pitched to the north of the town. Khizil Rubaut, in common with its neighbours, has suffered from the vindictive spirits of its Coordish enemies. A body of the Pasha's troops were stationed here, and gave to it a less desolate appearance than the other town through which we passed.The valley abounds in remains of ancient buildings, and proves how populous this country must have been in times of old. To the south-west of Khizil Rubaut are some extensive ruins » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 287
SOURCE for Kizil Robat
« 5 KIZIL ROBAT .. 18 m. General direction north-westerly. Passing through the roofed
bāzār and walled gardens of Shahraban, the road emerges over undulating ground showing signs of flood; there are numerous irrigation channels in all directions, some of which are deep and narrow with few and bad foot bridges. ... At 17½ miles there is cultivation on either hand, and a half mile to the left the Diala river flows in a broad, stony and rushy bed. Kizil Robat, which is now entered, has a post and telegraph office and several caravansarais on the further side of the town. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 147
« Then came a grove of palms, and then the town or village of Kizil Robat (Red Shrine), with its imamzada, whose reputation for sanctity is indicated by the immense number of graves which surround it. The walls of this decayed and wretched town are of thick layers of hardened but now crumbling earth, and on the east side there is an old gateway of burned brick. There are said to be 400 houses, which at the lowest computation would mean a population of 2000, but inhabited houses and ruins are so jumbled up together that one cannot form any estimate. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 60
SOURCE for Kizilribat
« village of Ḳizilribāṭ (and?) Ḥafrābād 6 hours » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 275
SOURCE for Kizilrobat
« We halted for the day at the large village of Kizilrobat , in a vast caravanserai , where we were able to procure provisions and to obtain shelter from the sun. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 209
SOURCE for Kizil-Rubat
« Nous nous remimes en chemin la nuit du 11, et campames après cinq heures de marche à Kizil-Rubat (1); encore fur le bord de la Diala. C'eſt un bourg et un diſtrict, duquel-dé-pendent Bedraï, Kiechab et quelques autres bourgsfn. 1 Kizil figifie rouge, et Rubat un Kiervanferaï [We set off again on the night of the 11th, and camped after a five-hour march at Kizil-Rubat (1); still on the banks of the Diala. It is a town and a district, from which Bedraï, Kiechab, and several other towns depend.fn. 1 Kizil means red, and Rubat means Kiervanferaï] »
#2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 172
SOURCE for Kizitrobat
« Kizitrobat » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, }
SOURCE for Kizyl-Abad
« On se trouve ensuite dans une plaine abondante en gibier. Nous arrivâmes à neuf heures et demie à Kizyl-Abad, grand village habité par des Turcomans, et orné de bosquets de dattiers: on y voit trois caravansérails et quelques misérables boutiques. Une petite ri-vière coule auprès, et va se jeter à un quart de lieue dans la Diala. [We then find ourselves in a plain abundant in game. We arrived at nine thirty at Kizyl-Abad, a large village inhabited by Turkmen, and adorned with groves of date palms: there are three caravanserais and a few miserable shops. A small river flows nearby, and flows a quarter of a league away into the Diala.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 222
SOURCE for Kizzil Robat
« Kizzil Robat » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 415
SOURCE for Kuzzelroobaut
« It will be seen that Khan-e-Keen is seated on the river Silwund, which may well be the Silla of antiquity; that its distance corresponds, with sufficient accuracy, to that assigned to Artemita from Seleucia and Ctesiphon. (1)
fn. 1 There is no measuring off the exact distance of this place on Kinnier's Map, as in it its name is altogether omitted. In a route from Sennah by Kermanshah to Bagdad, by Mr. Webb, attached to the geographical memoir for the illustration of this map, Khanakee is stated to be eighteen miles from Kuzzelroobaut (or Kesrabad) and this measures exactly sixty miles, the distance of Dastagherd from Ctesiphon, making the whole seventy-eight. »
#1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 35
SOURCE for Kuzzerabad
« Kuzzerabad » in {map#1120 in #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~ fig. General Map of Persia}
SOURCE for Kyzyl Ribat
« The royal roads were under military guard, the soldiers were stationed in dastākrta, cor-responding to a Roman castellum, whence the common place name Dastgird, Daskara, the most famous halfway between Ctesiphon and the Iranian frontier. Another term is Old Persian pāraka ("guard-house, fort"), whence pahra, fabradj, etc., a name common at district and provincial frontiers. Since they served for controlling traffic and as custom offices, they often stood at bridgeheads.At that time the great Seljuk Malikshāh, or indeed Nizām al-Mulk, who ruled for the young prince, reorganized the entire road and post system. He straightened, e.g., the track of the road from Baghdad to Djalūlā (near Dastagird), called from that time Ribāt Djalūla, later Kyzyl Ribāt, "the Red Ribāt," because it was one of the lines of ribāts built by Malikshāh. Rabata is "to peg one's horse," ribāt is the "soldier's camp," and replaces the old dastākrta. » #3585 Ernst Herzfeld, Damascus: Studies in Architecture: II, Ars Islamica, 1943 vol. 10:pp. 13-70 ~ p. 25
SOURCE for Qazal Rabat
SOURCE for Qizil Ribat
« 75 Qizil Ribāt. T., P.O. Several caravanserais on the farther side of the town. Supplies plentiful in normal times, Water abundant. Good grazing. Fuel scarce. camels. About 50 other transport animals could be collected daily. » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 188
SOURCE for Qizil Robat
« Qizil Robat » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No.2 Baghdad 1917}
SOURCE for Qyzrubah
« Qyzrubāh (Qizil Robat, Qyzyl-ābād), June 8, 1911 (pp. 19-20); » #3401 Ernst Herzfeld, Ernst Herzfeld Papers, Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives., 2011 ~ p. 6308/6475
SOURCE for Qyzyl-abad
SOURCE for Ribat Djalula
« DJALULA, a town in Irak (Babylonia) and, in the mediaeval division of this province, the capital of a district (fassudi) of the Shadh-Kubadh circle to the east of the Tigris, was a station on the important Khurasan road, the main route between Babylonia and Iran, and was at about an equal distance (7 parasangs 28 miles) from Dastadjird [q.v.] in the south-west and from Khanikin in the north-east. ... According to Mustawfi, writing about 740/1340, the Saldjük sultan Malikshāh (465-85/1073-92) built at Djalüla a watch-house (ribāt, popularly rubat) which probably served also as a caravanserai; after his time the place was usually called Ribat Djalūlā. This statement helps us to locate the site of Djalüla with certainty; for indeed there can be almost no doubt that Ribāt Djalūlā must be identified with the modern Kizilrobat, especially since the distances given by the Arab geographers for Djalûla' apply perfectly to Kizilroba?. Its geographical position is 34° 10' N., 45° E.; it lies within the mountains, at the east end of the pass through the Diabal Hamrin. The Diyālā flows by at some distance to the east of the town. The name Kizilrobat ("red caravanserai") is popularly corrupted to Kazilābādh and Kazrābādh (cf. Petermann, Reisen im Orient, ii, 274) or abbreviated to Kizrabāt (cf. Herzfeld, in Petermanns Geogr. Mitt., 1907, 51). Like its mediaeval predecessor, the modern Kizlirobä? is of only moderate impor-tance; it still has no other rôle than that of a transit and relay station on an important caravan route. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ col. 2 p. 406
SOURCE for Ribat Jalula
« Ribāṭ Jalūlā 5—it was built by the Seljuk Sultan Malik-Shāh » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Rubat Jalula
« thence 5 to Rubāt Jalūlā built by Malik-Shah the Saljuq (3)
fn. 3 Rubāt Jalūlā, a place famous in 'Abbasid times, is probably the present caravan-serai of Qizil Rubat (the Red Guardhouse). »
#1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162

R167-006 Khan-e-Keen
R167-006 Khan-e-Keen : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kanaqin , Khanaqin , Khanikin , Khaniqin ,
VARIANT names: artemita , Canaquin , Chanekin , Ciai-chanaghi , Conaguy , Farhatserin , Hadji-Kara , Hanikin , Haniqin , Kanaqin , Khanakee , Khanaki , Khan-e-Keen , Khan-el-Keen , Khanikin , Khaniqin , Khannikin , Old Khaniqi ,
SOURCE for artemita
« to, mention is made of a city called Artemita, of which, from the correspondence of relative distance and local feature, I should conceive this place of Khan-e-Keen to be the site.Strabo speaks of Artemita as a celebrated city. Isidore of Charax says, that it was seated on a river called the Silla. ... M. D'Anville says, "Artemita was a Greek city, on a stream whose name, which is sometimes written Silla, should rather be M. D'Anville says, "Artemita was a Greek city, on a stream whose name, which is sometimes written Silla, should rather be called Delas, the modern form whereof is Diala." (3)
fn.3 Compendium of Ancient Geography. English Edit. 8vo. vol. 2, p. 469. »
#1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 35
SOURCE for Canaquin
« Le vingt-cinquiéme nous partînaes avant le jour, et nous arrivâmes Canaquin Village fort gros, où l'on cravaille beaucoup en foye. [On the twenty-fifth we left before daybreak, and we arrived at Canaquin Village, a very large village, where they work a lot in the village.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 136
SOURCE for Chanekin
« Chanekin » in {map#1343 Reisen im Orient. von H. Petermann ; Nebst Einer Karte, Entworfen Von H. Kiepert. 2. Band, p. 243, 1861, }
SOURCE for Ciai-chanaghi
« Sopra la ripa vi trovai le reliquie di una grossa terra, alla quale adesso non resta altro che il nome di Ciai-chanaghi; cioè, cor-rottamente un poco, [On the bank I found the remains of a large land, of which now nothing remains but the name of Ciai-chanaghi; that is, somewhat corrupted,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 431
SOURCE for Conaguy
« De Cafered à Conaguy, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Farhatserin
« Or ayant paffé beaucoup de montagnes, nous arriuafmes aux ruines fort memorables de FARHATSERIN, qui fut iadis vne tref-grande ville, aupres deſquelles nous nous ar-reſtaſmes à coſté d'vn petit fleuue. [Now having crossed many mountains, we arrived at the very memorable ruins of FARHATSERIN, which was formerly a very large city, near which we stopped beside a small river.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 118
« 14/11 Farhatserin (Khanaquin) » #3620 Stefanos Yerasimos, Les voyageurs dans l'Empire Ottoman (XIV - XVI siecles). Bibliographie, itineraires et inventaire des lieux habites., Imprimerie De La Sociêtê Turquie D'histoire,, Ankara, 1991 ~ p. 429
SOURCE for Hadji-Kara
« Nous fimes halte dans le village de Hadjy-Kara, situé sur la rive droite de cette rivière. Il y a un caravansérail nouvellement bâti. C'est le dernier en-droit où l'on trouve des dattiers sur cette route. [We stopped in the village of Hadjy-Kara, located on the right bank of this river. There is a newly built caravanserai. It is the last place where date palms can be found on this route.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 223
SOURCE for Hanikin
« Describing the population of such towns as Qizil Robat and ?āni?in, Herzfeld noted that in 1905 they were overwhelmingly Persophone (Herzfeld 1907: 51). Moreover, he noted that at this time ?āni?in, which is today c. 11–12 km. from the Iran-Iraq border, was the last town on Ottoman soil, housing the quarantine station in a large caravanserai, an important stopping point for Persian pilgrims en route to Kerbelā and Najaf. » #3576 D. T. Potts, On Cultural Boundaries and Languages in Western Iran: The Case of the Zagros Gates, in: ed. Ali Hozhabri, Archaeology of Iran in the Historical Period, University of Tehran and Springer, , 2020, pp. 55-63 ~ p. 59
SOURCE for Haniqin
« HäniqinIII D2Id. Iraq.Cité de la circonscription (kūra) de Hulwan.I 172; Η 233, 234; Hur 6, 19; Qud 198, 235; Y 270;R 164; M 53, 355; Muq 25, 53, 115, 121, 135. Yaq II, 393; LS 61-62, 80; DKI 484-85; EI2 IV 1056-57. [Häniqin III D2 Id. Iraq. City of the constituency (kūra) of Hulwan. I 172; Η 233, 234; Hur 6:19; Qud 198, 235; Y 270; R 164; M 53, 355; Muq 25, 53, 115, 121, 135. Jac II, 393; LS 61-62, 80; DKI 484-85; EI2 IV 1056-57.] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 28
SOURCE for Kanaqin
« city of Khāniqin 5 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Khanakee
« Khanakee » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 415
SOURCE for Khanaki
« and reached Khanaki at nine in the morning. We crossed the Diala, which washes the northern walls of the town, over a handsome bridge, built by the Persians to facilitate their pilgrimage to Meshed Ali. About a mile to the N. we pitched our tents in the neighbourhood of some gardens.Khanaki, which is of reputed antiquity, defines the frontier of the Pashalick of Bag-dad, and has met with a fate natural to its unfortunate position between two rival pow-ers. About two years ago it was taken by Mohummud Ali Meerza, and must at that time have had its share of the calamities of war. Upon the retreat of the Prince into Kermanshah, he left behind him a garrison of three hundred Coords, who were surprised by the Pasha of Bagdad, and, without ex-ception, put to the sword. This catastrophe occurred only six months back. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 294
SOURCE for Khan-e-Keen
« It will be seen that Khan-e-Keen is seated on the river Silwund, which may well be the Silla of antiquity; that its distance corresponds, with sufficient accuracy, to that assigned to Artemita from Seleucia and Ctesiphon. (1)
fn. 1 There is no measuring off the exact distance of this place on Kinnier's Map, as in it its name is altogether omitted. In a route from Sennah by Kermanshah to Bagdad, by Mr. Webb, attached to the geographical memoir for the illustration of this map, Khanakee is stated to be eighteen miles from Kuzzelroobaut (or Kesrabad) and this measures exactly sixty miles, the distance of Dastagherd from Ctesiphon, making the whole seventy-eight. »
SOURCE for Khan-el-Keen
« Khan-el-Keen » in {map#1120 in #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~ fig. General Map of Persia}
SOURCE for Khanikin
« At 18½ miles, crossing a stream, walled gardens are reached passing between which, stony streets are traversed, and the bridge over the rapid stream of the Hulvan crossed at 19 miles. The river bed is 100 yards wide, and the bridge is solid brick and stone; roadway 25 feet. The stream, 60 yards wide, is fordable. Khānikin is situated on both banks of the Hulvän river amongst gardens, and possesses a telegraph and post office. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 148
« Le lendemain après avoir paſſé la rivière à gué, nous fimes cinq heu-res de chemin, et campames à Khanikin, gros bourg ſitué ſur le bord de la rivière de Halvan, [The next day, after fording the river, we traveled for five hours and camped at Khanikin, a large town situated on the banks of the Halvan River.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 173
« As the day broke we found ourselves approaching the foot of the great Zagros range, and soon after sunrise reached another large caravanserai at the picturesque but half- ruined village of Khanikin , embedded in palms and watered by the small river Holwan , here crossed by a large and well- built bridge . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 210
SOURCE for Khaniqin
« it is 5 leagues to Khaniqin city, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« Of the towns of Hulwan are:- Khāniqin; Zabūjān; Shalāshilan; (3) al-Jamid; (4) al-Hurr; as-Sirawan; (5) Bandanijān.(6)
fn. 6 The town called in Yaqūt al-Bandanijain (I.745). The original Persian name of the town was Wandanikān. It is, he says, a well-known place on the far side of an-Nahrawan towards the Jabal (Persian Iraq). It is a dependency of Baghdad, but might also be reckoned among the townships of Mihrijangadhaq. One of its inhabitants thus describes it: al-Bandanijain is a collection of hamlets, separate one from the other and each not visible from the others but of which the palm-trees continue with no interval. The largest hamlet was called Baqutnāyā, where there was a market and where the Governor's house and the residence of the Qadhi stood. The other hamlets were Buwaiqiyā, Sūq Jamil and Filisht. »
#3135 Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Muqaddasi ed. George Speirs Alexander Ranking, Ahsānu-t-taqāsim Fi Ma?rifati-l-aqālim Volume 1, Parts 1–4, Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, No. 899, Calcutta, 1897 ~ p. 174
SOURCE for Khannikin
« From the top of the next slope there was a view of Khannikin, a considerable-looking town among groves of palms and other trees. Then came a worse sea of mud, and a rudely cobbled causeway, so horrible that it diverted us back into the mud, which was so bottomless that it drove us back to the causeway, and the causeway back to the mud, the rain all the time coming down in sheets. This causeway, without improvement, is carried through Khannikin, a town with narrow blind alleys, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 62
SOURCE for Old Khaniqi
« village of Old Khāniqi 8 parasangs—a large river flows in front of it » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375

R167-007 Khallet-el-Subzey
R167-007 Khallet-el-Subzey : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Qal`a Sabzi , Qal`eh Sabz , Qal`eh Sabzi , Qal`eh-ye Sabzi , Qal`eh-ye Sabzi-ye Sofla ,
VARIANT names: Kaleh Sabzi , Khallet-el-Subzey , Qal`a Sabzi ,
SOURCE for Kaleh Sabzi
« At 8 miles Kachkachtā. At 10 miles a stream of brackish water is crossed. On the spur above is Kāleh Sabzi, a mud and stone fort manned by the Governor of Qasr-i-Shirin. A Persian customs house is situat-ed on the eastern slope of the hill on which Käleh Sabzi stands. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 149
SOURCE for Khallet-el-Subzey
« SEPT. 9th~At sun-rise we left Khan-e-Keen with the same party with which we entered it on the preceding day, and went east-north-east, over rugged, gravelly, and barren hills, for three hour.; when we reached an old enclosure of low walla with loop-holes, being a very poor and modern fort of the Arabs, called Khallet-el-Subzey, in a solitary situation, and renowned for murders and treacherous deeds. We proceeded here with lighted matches and primed pistols, and were shown the graves of seveml passengers who had been killed by the Arabs, and buried by others following them on the same road. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 36
SOURCE for Qal`a Sabzi

R167-008 Kassr-Shirine
R167-008 Kassr-Shirine : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ghasr-i-shirin , Ghasr-shirin , Qasr-e Shirin , Qasr-i-Shirin , قصر شيرين ,
VARIANT names: Cachacherin , Calacherin , Casri-Chirin , Casr-i-Scirin , Cassiscirin , Chefdra Sherin , Depegoz , Kafri-Chirin , Kasr-e- Sheree , Kasr-i-Shirin , Kasri-Shirin , Kassr-Shirine , Kusra Shireen , Qasr-e Shirin , Qasr-i-Shirin ,
SOURCE for Cachacherin
Peu éloignez de ces beaux en droits, nous campames en un Lieu nommé Cachacherin. [Not far from these beautiful places, we camped in a place called Cachacherin.]
SOURCE for Calacherin
« Nous ſeiournaſmes laiuſques au dix-feptiefme iour, et en partif-mes auant Soleil leué. Le dix-huictiefme iour du mois nous vinſmesà CALACHERIN, lieu duquel les maiſons eftoient baſties dans vn eſcueil, et de meſme façon que font les trous des pigeons dans les coulombiers. Il y avn chaſteau baſti ſur le coupeau dudit eſcucil: lequel eſt vn lieu de fi difficile accez, que c'eſt merueille. [We turned to the seventeenth day, and left before sunrise. On the eighteenth day of the month we came to CALACHERIN, where the houses were built on a reef, in the same way as pigeon holes are made in dovecotes. There was a castle built on the top of the said reef: which is a place of such difficult access that it is marvelous.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 120
« 18/11 Calacherin (Qasr-i Shirin) » #3620 Stefanos Yerasimos, Les voyageurs dans l'Empire Ottoman (XIV - XVI siecles). Bibliographie, itineraires et inventaire des lieux habites., Imprimerie De La Sociêtê Turquie D'histoire,, Ankara, 1991 ~ p. 429
SOURCE for Casri-Chirin
« Nous parvinmes' à neuf heures et un quart près d'un chétif hameau, nommé Casri-Chirin, entouré de collines calcaites, dont la cou-leur est verdâtre. On n'y voit qu'un petit nombre de mauvaises mazures voisines de quelques plantations de riz, et un beau cavaransérail, où nous couchâmes. [At a quarter past nine we arrived near a small hamlet called Casri-Chirin, surrounded by limestone hills of a greenish color. There are only a few poor huts near a few rice plantations, and a beautiful cavaranserai, where we slept.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 224
SOURCE for Casr-i-Scirin
« Il giorno appresso trovammo una gran terra pur distrutta ed abbandonata, che la chiamano ancora Casr-i-Scirin, cioè Palazzo di Scirin. Scirin, in persiano, significa dolce, ma è anche nome proprio d'uomini e di donne, ed in particolare di una gran signora, in queste parti padrona, al creder mio, di quel palazzo o terra che fu dama di un Chosrou re di Persia, e degli amori loro ce ne è fra' Persiani un poema famosissimo. [The next day we found a large, yet destroyed and abandoned, town that they still call Casr-i-Scirin, meaning Palace of Scirin. Scirin, in Persian, means sweet, but it is also a proper name for men and women, and in particular for a great lady, in these parts mistress, I believe, of that palace or town that was the lady of a certain Chosrou, king of Persia, and about their love affairs there is a very famous poem among the Persians.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 431
SOURCE for Cassiscirin
« De Conaguy à Callifcirin, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Chefdra Sherin
« Provvedutomi pertanto di un buon giumento, paflai per Chefdra Scerin Città affatto diruta, e che dicono eſſer ſtata edificata anticamente ad onore del Sole [Having therefore provided myself with a good donkey, I set out for Chefdra Scerin, a city which was completely ruined, and which they say had been built in ancient times in honour of the Sun.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Depegoz
« Qaṣr-i Shirin, also called Depegöz 7—it is a ruined fortress » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Kafri-Chirin
« d'où nous allames le furlendemain en cinq heu-res à Kafri-Chirin (1), que l'Idriſi place à ſept lieues de Khanikin, à cinq de Halvan et à 20 de Chehre-zour. Kafri-Chirin eſt une fortereſſe que Khofrew Pervis fit autrefois bâ-tir pour loger ſa maîtreſſe Chirin. Elle a mille pas de circonférence; la rivière de Halvan paſſe tout au-près; l'air y eſt mal ſain, et le Semoum que les Turcs appellent Sam-yeli, y fouffe quelquefois.
fn. 1 Kafri-Chirin eſt à 71 d. 30 m. de long. fur 33 d. 40 m. de lat ſuiyant le Canon, et à 71 d. 4 m. de long. fur 33 d. 55 m. de lat. fuivant le Kias, [From where we went the next day in five hours to Kafri-Chirin (1), which the Idrisi places seven leagues from Khanikin, five from Halvan and 20 from Chehre-zour. Kafri-Chirin is a fortress that Khofrew Pervis once had built to house his mistress Chirin. It has a circumference of a thousand paces; the Halvan River passes very close by; the air there is unhealthy, and the Semoum, which the Turks call Sam-yeli, sometimes flows there.
fn. 1 Kafri-Chirin is 71 d. 30 m. long, 33 d. 40 m. wide following the Canon, and 71 d. 4 m. long. 33 d. 55 m. lat. following the Kias,] »
#2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 173
SOURCE for Kasr-e- Sheree
« Kasr-e- Sheree » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 414
SOURCE for Kasr-i-Shirin
« A six hours' march ended at the wildly-situated village of Kasr-i-Shirin, high on the right bank of the Holwan, with a plantation of dates on the left bank and considerable cultivation in the valley. It has only eighty houses of the most wretched construction, rivalled in height and size by middens, the drainage of which wastes itself on the wretched roadway. A caravanserai of the most miserable description, a square fort with a small garrison, and some large graveyards with domed tombs and curious obelisks, are the salient features of this village. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 79
SOURCE for Kasri-Shirin
« We again made a short journey through a rocky and hilly country to Kasri-Shirin , a village in ruins and deserted on account of the depredations of the robber tribes dwelling on the Persian frontier, which were perpetually making forays in the plain, pillaging the villages and plundering caravans . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 212
SOURCE for Kassr-Shirine
« The modern town of Kassr-Shirine consists of about fifty dwellings, enclosed within a wall of mud and stone, between the ruins of the old palace and the river. The khan, however, which is outside this enclosure, is large and commodious ; in its construction were used a large quantity of square red bricks, similar to those seen at Modain, and taken pro1)ably from the ruins above. The river Alwund flows by the spot, in a valley running from east to west ; and after passing the town about half a mile, it makes a bend to the south-westward : its stream is narrow, but rapid and clear, and its banks are generally covered with rushes. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Kusra Shireen
« Kusra Shireen, a small village of twenty-eight houses, with a caravanserai-shah in pretty good condition, is situated on the side of a mountain, at the foot of which flows the Dialla. This is an abominable place, and the inhabitants, a rascally set, form part of the rabble who lie in wait for travellers at Kanaki. ... This village is situated at the western extremity of a large town in ruins, and the enceinte, which is clearly to be traced, forms a long square of at least a league in length on the shortest front. » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 12
SOURCE for Qasr-e Shirin
SOURCE for Qasr-i-Shirin
« following up the right bank of the river, at 18 miles the road passes under a hill crowned by by a stone fort and reaches Qasr-i-Shirin. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 149
« From Qasr-i-Shirin, on the road to Baghdad » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« Qaṣr-i Shirin 5 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375

R167-009 Hellowla
R167-009 Hellowla : place IRN
VARIANT names: Hellowla ,
SOURCE for Hellowla
« SEPT. 10th. We were stirring with the dawn, and left Kassr-
Shirine before the day broke clearly. Our course lay east-north-east, and led directly through the ruins of Hellowla, which extended in broken portions for nearly an hour's ride. The most conspicuous features were the walls before described, built of large hewn stones. The whole of the city stood on an elevated level, and appears to have been of an irregular form, while the Alwund flowed along in a valley about half a mile to the south ward of it. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 42

R167-010 Zohaub
R167-010 Zohaub : place IRN
VARIANT names: Zohab , Zohaub , Zuhab ,
SOURCE for Zohab
« From Sheïkhán to Zoháb the distance is 6 farsakhs; the road recrosses the range by a very easy pass called Sar-Kal'ah, and from thence traverses an open country to Zohab. The distance from Semírám to Zohab by this route, through Hershel, Húrín, and Sheïkhán, is about 60 miles. » #1766 Rawlinson, H. G., Notes on a March from Zoháb, at the Foot of Zagros, along the Mountains to Khúzistán (Susiana), and from Thence Through the Province of Luristan to Kirmánsháh, in the Year 1836, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1839, 9:26-116 ~ pp. 31-2
SOURCE for Zohaub
« The road from hence led directly to Serpool, our next stage, in an easterly direction, and was just three hours more. The town of Zohaub, the seat of the Koordish Pasha of Bajilan, was pointed out to the northward of us, just discernible by a white dome amid a cluster of trees, as it stood at the other extremity of the plain, at a distance of at least nine miles. ...As we approached the town of Zohaub, we were frequently deceived into a belief of seeing the minarets of mosques in diffe-rent directions, but these proved on nearer approach to be tall white obelisks in the burying-grounds of this people. Some of these were seen for several miles off, and must have been at least twenty or thirty feet high. Such as we saw were rudely built of stone, and coated over with a white plaster. ... We reached the town of Zohaub about noon, entering it by the southern gate; and passing through the greater part of the interior, we alighted at a small and crowded khan, near the market-place, at its northern extremity. ... The town is enclosed by a wall, turreted and flanked by bas-tions, or round towers, in the Turkish style: it has no ditch, but the wall itself, without this, is a sufficient defence from cavalry and foot soldiers, the only forces known here, artillery being seldom or never employed. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 46-9
« We remounted at the khan of Zohaub, about El-Asar. (four o'clock) and going out of the western gate, came round the outer wall, and went along the high road to Serpool. Our course lay about south-south-east, keeping close to the foot of the western hills. In little more than two hours we regained the common road to Serpool, to the westward of the spot at which we had branched off from it, and then went for nearly' another hour over a succession of rising hills. ... It was quite dark when we reached the khan at Serpool , and
we were all sufficiently wearied, by our excursion from the beaten
track.» #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 53
SOURCE for Zuhab
« Zuhab » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No.2 Baghdad 1917}
« Zuhab » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. I-38J Khanakin}

R167-011 Serpool
R167-011 Serpool : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3078472 coordinate: lat 34.461092 long 45.862644 NIMA/GNS names: Pol-e Zahab , Pol-e Zohab , Sar-e Pol-e Zahab , Sari-Pul , Sar-i-Pul Zuhab , Sarpol , Sarpol-e Zahab , سر پل ذهاب , VARIANT names: Adgem-Khanikin , Alaman , Aniqui , Chala , Halman , Halouan , Halwan , Holwan , Hulwan , Pesciver , Pool Zohaub , Pool-e-Zohaub , Sar-e Pol-e Zahab , Sar-i Pul-i-Zuhab , Saripul , Sar-i-Pul (i-Zuhab) , Saripul-i-Zohab , Serpol , Serpool , Ser-puli-Zohab , Zarg-Pol (Zagri-Piloe) , SOURCE for Adgem-Khanikin « Nous fimes le 14 cinq heures de chemin, et campames à Adgem-Khanikin fur le bord de la même rivière. Ce lieu dépend du Kiurdistan, et les Etats du Grand Seigneur finiſſent un peu au-delà. [On the 14th we traveled five hours, and camped at Adgem-Khanikin on the banks of the same river. This place depends on Kyurdistan, and the States of the Grand Seigneur end a little beyond.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 174 SOURCE for Alaman « Saripul Halwan Alaman 12-18 » in {map#1393 Map of Ancient sites of Iraq, Directorate General of Antiquities, Baghdad, 1954, } SOURCE for Aniqui On commence de là à ne plus trouver de Caravanſerail. Le 23 pous campâmes ſur les frontieres de Perſe et de Turquie, ce lieu ſe nomme Aniqui, où il y a une petite riviere qui ſepare ces deu Empires. [From there we begin to find no more Caravanserais. On the 23rd we camped on the borders of Persia and Turkey, this place is called Aniqui, where there is a small river which separates these two Empires.] SOURCE for Chala « A2 [Hulwan]/Valashfarr/Beth Lashpar/Chala/Albania § Chalonitis ACHRL Sar Pol-i Zohab IRQ Isid Char 3; Herzfeld 1968, 12;Oppenheimer 1983, 146-49 » #846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000, ~ p. 1317 SOURCE for Halman « If Halman was centered on Sar-e Pol-e Zohab, then Namar (Assyrian Namri) was presumably contiguous or, at the very least, nearby, judging from the fact that a single governor had jurisdiction over both regions. » #3503 D. T. Potts, Elamite Karintas and Avestan Kvirinta: Notes on the Early History of Kerend, Iranian Studies, vol. 50:no. 3:pp. 345-367 ~ p. 347 SOURCE for Halouan « This corresponds precisely with the situation of the present Kassr-Shirine, which is just midway between Halouan, the present Zohaub, and Khan-e-Keen, the last station we had passed on our way. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 39 SOURCE for Halwan « Saripul Halwan Alaman 12-18 » in {map#1393 Map of Ancient sites of Iraq, Directorate General of Antiquities, Baghdad, 1954, } SOURCE for Holwan « The district of Kurrend extends along the brink of Mount Zagros, from the vicinity of Holwan to the village of Goour. It is covered with forests of stunted oak, and inhabited by an extraordinary race of men, » #3021 John Macdonald Kinneir, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, John Murray, London, 1813 ~ p. 141 « About 3 km. further along the main road is the Kurdish village of Sar-i Pul-i-Zuhab. Captured by the Arabs when they swept triumph-antly over the land in A.D. 640, the original settlement was renamed Holvan. Later it passed into Saljuq hands, in A.D. 1046, but the town was destroyed by fire and earthquake in 1149. » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 135 SOURCE for Hulwan Hulwan (Persian: حلوان) was an ancient town on the Zagros Mountains in western Iran, located on the entrance of the Paytak Pass, nowadays identified with the town of Sarpol-e Zahab. [accessed 04 Feb 2025] « Then from Hulwan, the first place in the province of Arabian Iraq » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162 « Hulwan III D2Sar-i-Pül Zuhab. Iran.Capitale (qasaba) de la circonscription (kürs) du même nom.1 79, 80, 86, 87, 190, 196, 200; Η 169, 231, 234, 235, 246, 358, 368, 370, 371; Hur 5, 6, 14, 19, 20, 41, 172, 173, 178; Qud 198, 226, 232, 235, 236, 243, 244; F 165, 199, 210, 211, 258; Y 270; R 97, 104, 105, 164; M 36, 37, 40, 347, 358; Muq 50, 53, 114, 115, 123, 125, 128, 133, 135, 258, 259, 401.Yaq II, 317-21; LS 191 et index; DKI 489; EI2 III 591. [Hulwan III D2 Sar-e-Pul Zuhab. Iran. Capital (qasaba) of the district (kürs) of the same name. 1 79, 80, 86, 87, 190, 196, 200; Η 169, 231, 234, 235, 246, 358, 368, 370, 371; Sun 5, 6, 14, 19, 20, 41, 172, 173, 178; Qud 198, 226, 232, 235, 236, 243, 244; F 165, 199, 210, 211, 258; Y 270; R 97, 104, 105, 164; M 36, 37, 40, 347, 358; Muq 50, 53, 114, 115, 123, 125, 128, 133, 135, 258, 259, 401. Yak II, 317-21; LS 191 et index; DKI 489; EI2 III 591.] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 29 « Ḥulwān 1, via the pass ofṬāq-i Kamarābād » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375 « Hulwan (4) is a small capital. It is both a plain and a hill city, surrounded on all sides by gardens and grape-vines and fig trees, and situated close to the mountains. It has a long market and an ancient fortress, as well as a small stream of water. (5) It also has a quhandiz, and in the interior of which stands the mosque. The town is approached from eight different roads-the road of Khura-san, the road of al-Baqat, the road of al-Musalla, the road of the fn. 4 Hulwan, in the extreme north-east of al-'Iraq, at the foot of the mountain range of Persia. It was 5 farsakas distant from Qasr Shirin and 41 from Baghdad. The town does not exist at the present day, but the name is preserved in that of the river of Holwan. It is supposed to have been found-ed by Qubad, or Cobades, of the Sassanian dynasty of Persia, who reigned from A.D. 488 to 498, and again from 501 or 502 till 531. In the days of its prosperity Hulwan was the sixth city in al-'Iraq and was celebrated for its pomegranates which were without a like in the whole world and also for its fig which from its excellence acquired the name of Shah anjir, "the king of figs." There were sulphur springs in the neighbourhood of Hulwan, which possessed healing properties for a variety of ailments. Yäqût describes the climate of Hulwan as noxious and its water as bad. II. 317.fn. 5 The Holwan river, an affluent of the Diyala which in this part of its course is known as the Shirwan river. » #3135 Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Muqaddasi ed. George Speirs Alexander Ranking, Ahsānu-t-taqāsim Fi Ma?rifati-l-aqālim Volume 1, Parts 1–4, Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, No. 899, Calcutta, 1897 ~ p. 197 SOURCE for Pesciver « Il giorno dell'undici partimmo tardo, per asciugare i padiglioni, che intostati e gelati dalla neve, non si potevano piegare: tuttavia giugnemmo a buon'ora a posarci sotto una gran montagna, che bisognava passare, vicino ad un castello chiamato Pesciver, fab-bricato di nuovo in quel luogo per guardia de' confini, ed allora appunto ci risiedeva quel Casum sultan, che dissi di sopra, con forse cinquecento de' suoi soldati, tenendo il resto della sua mi-lizia sparsa in diversi luoghi dei confini là vicino. [On the eleventh we set out late, to dry the tents, which, being thick and frozen with snow, could not be bent: however, we arrived early and stopped under a great mountain, which we had to pass, near a castle called Pesciver, newly built in that place to guard the borders, and at that time that Casum sultan, whom I mentioned above, was residing there, with perhaps five hundred of his soldiers, keeping the rest of his militia scattered in various places on the borders nearby.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 434 SOURCE for Pool Zohaub « We reached Pool Zohaub, or Serpool, at sunrise, crossed the river over a well-built bridge, and pitched our tents on a rich plain, about half a mile to the south-east of the village, near an immense wall of limestone, which divides this from another fertile valley, » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 316 SOURCE for Pool-e-Zohaub « Pool-e-Zohaub » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 414 SOURCE for Sar-e Pol-e Zahab SOURCE for Sar-i Pul-i-Zuhab « About 3 km. further along the main road is the Kurdish village of Sar-i Pul-i-Zuhab. Captured by the Arabs when they swept triumph-antly over the land in A.D. 640, the original settlement was renamed Holvan. Later it passed into Saljuq hands, in A.D. 1046, but the town was destroyed by fire and earthquake in 1149. » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 135 SOURCE for Saripul « Saripul Halwan Alaman 12-18 » in {map#1393 Map of Ancient sites of Iraq, Directorate General of Antiquities, Baghdad, 1954, } SOURCE for Sar-i-Pul (i-Zuhab) « At 18 miles, an irrigation stream with a broad gravelly bed is crossed, and at 20 miles Sari-Pül is reached, which is a dirty and ruinous village above the right bank of the Hulvan river. The valley is mainly abandoned in winter at which time sup-plies would be very scarce. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 150 SOURCE for Saripul-i-Zohab « After riding for six hours the rain changed into sleet and wet snow, blotting out the hills and creating an unnatural twilight, in which we floundered in mud up to the mules' knees into the filthiest village I have ever seen, a compound of foul, green ditches, piles of dissolving manure, mud hovels looking as if they were dissolving too, reed huts, and an Ilyat village, grouped round the vilest of caravanserais, the entrance to which was knee-deep in mire. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 81 SOURCE for Serpol « A huit heures et demie du matin, hous nous arrêtons à Serpol, hameau composé d'une vingtaine de masures couvertes de feuilles et de paille, et situé au pied d'une colline cal-caire. Les décombres et les terres amoncelées annoncent qu'il y avait là autrefois une ville d'une certaine grandeur. [At eight-thirty in the morning, we stopped at Serpol, a hamlet composed of about twenty hovels covered with leaves and straw, and located at the foot of a limestone hill. The rubble and piled-up earth indicate that there was once a town of some size there.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 225 SOURCE for Serpool « It was quite dark when we reached the khan at Serpool , and we were all sufficiently wearied, by our excursion from the beaten track. ... The village itself is small, not having more than thirty or forty dwellings, and these all inhabited by tbe Koords of the Plain. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 53-4 SOURCE for Ser-puli-Zohab « About two hours before daylight we reached the village of Ser-puli -Zohab . The caravan did not halt at this place , but as there were ruins and sculptures in the neighbourhood which we were desirous of examining , we prevailed upon our muleteer to stop there for some hours . The ruins consisted principally of numerous mounds , marking the site of an ancient city . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 215 SOURCE for Zarg-Pol (Zagri-Piloe) « Je suis porté à croire, avec M. Olivier (1), que cette ville était Zarg-Pol, qui avait été bâtie près du défilé dont il sera question plus bas, et que les Grecs et les Romains nommaient Zagri-Piloe.fn. 1 Voyages en Turquie et en Perse, toime m, cha-pitre I, page 6, édition in-4. [I am inclined to believe, with Mr. Olivier (1), that this city was Zarg-Pol, which was built near the pass discussed below, and which the Greeks and Romans called Zagri-Pile.fn. 1 Travels in Turkey and Persia, volume m, chapter 1, page 6, quarto edition.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 225

R167-012 Tauk : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.432131 long 46.017464 VARIANT names: ancient marble monument , Pa-ee Takht , Tak-i-Girreh , Taq-e Gara , Taq-i Girra , Tauk , SOURCE for ancient marble monument « A trois heures du matin, nous voyons un ancien monument en marbre, cons-truit en forme d'arceau, de la hauteur de dix mètres environ. Il ne porte ni figure ni ins-cription qui puisse désigner l'époque à la-quelle il fut construit. Je pense que c'est le lieu que les Grecs et les Romains nommaient Zagri-Pilæ, et que nous appellons la porte médienne. [At three o'clock in the morning, we saw an ancient marble monument, built in the form of an arch, about ten meters high. It bears no figure or inscription that could designate the time at which it was built. I think it is the place that the Greeks and Romans called Zagri-Pilæ, and that we call the Median Gate.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 229 SOURCE for Pa-ee Takht « The guard occupied a small square building, with an arched front of Grecian architecture, evidently of consider-able antiquity. It is called Pa-ee Takht, (foot of the throne, which name is also given to the pass) and has probably been built originally for the purpose to which it is now appropriated. The natives of the country attribute it to their favourite Khosro, who, they tell us, constructed it as a place of repose after the fatigues of the chase. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 326 SOURCE for Tak-i-Girreh « On the ascent there is a remarkable arch of great blocks of white marble, with a vaulted recess, called the "Tak-i-Girreh," "the arch holding the road," which gives the popular name of Gardan-i-Tak-i-Girreh (the pass of Tak-i-Girreh) to the ascent, though the geographers call it Akabah-i-Holwan (the defile of Holwan). » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 88 SOURCE for Taq-e Gara Deutsches Archäologisches Institut [accessed 04 Feb 2025] SOURCE for Taq-i Girra « Abschließend komme ich zu dem Ergebnis, daß m.E. die Berichte der arabischen Geographen ziemlich klar auf eine Lage von Mādharūstān unmittelbar an der großen Straße Baghdad-Khurasan hinweisen, und zwar nach dem Taq-i Girrā; wo allerdings genau, ist aufgrund der schwierigen Parasangenberechnung nicht mehr einwandfrei festzustellen. Eine Identifizierung von Mädharūstān mit den heutigen Ruinen von Qal'a-i Yazdigird dagegen halte ich nicht für möglich. [In conclusion, I come to the conclusion that, in my opinion, the reports of the Arab geographers point quite clearly to the location of Mādharūstān directly on the great road Baghdad-Khurasan, namely after the Taq-i Girrā; however, where exactly cannot be determined with certainty due to the difficulty of calculating the parasangs. On the other hand, I do not think it possible to identify Mādharūstān with the present-day ruins of Qal'a-i Yazdigird.] » #3435 Klaus Schippmann, Hinweise und Anmerkungen zu einigen sasanidischen Monumenten, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1969 vol. 7:pp. 157-162 ~ p. 162 vici.org [accessed 04 Feb 2025] Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire [accessed 04 Feb 2025] SOURCE for Tauk « It was about an hour after our commencing the steep ascent, that we came to a Roman ruin, called the Tauk, or Arch, as the building at Ctesiphon is called Tauk Kesra, or the Arch of Kesra. This ruin, if it may so be considered, for it is still in nearly a perfeet state, represents an arched recess, the back of which is formed by the rock of the mountain planed away for that purpose, and the sides and roof are built of masonry. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 58

R167-013 Khan-el-Tauk
R167-013 Khan-el-Tauk : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.399057 long 46.047783 † basis (u) Supplement: location coordinates need verifying VARIANT names: Khan-el-Tauk , Myan Tak caravanserai , Sorkheh Hesar Caravanserai , Suridage caravanserai , Surkhadiza Khan , SOURCE for Khan-el-Tauk « Our descent from the summit of Mount Zagros was more easy than our ascent had been, this lying over round woody hills, with grass turf and weeds on the soil; and in about an hour after leaving the pass we came to the ruins of an old khan, with a new one near it, now building, and not yet half finished. We found, however, sufficient shelter for our small party, and consequently alighted there.This is called the Khan-el-Tauk, having no town near it to give it another name, and the present new one is the work of the Shah Zadé, the King of Persia's son, the existing lord of the district of Kermanshah. Our whole road from Serpool, thus far, had occupied nearly five hours, and was mostly in an easterly direction; but from the nature of our road, the distance, in a straight line, could not have been more than seven or eight miles. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 61-2 SOURCE for Myan Tak caravanserai « The small and ruinous caravanserai was really full of caravans detained by the snowstorm, and we lodged in a Kurdish house, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 88 SOURCE for Sorkheh Hesar Caravanserai (Photo) Travel to Ancient Iran; The View of the "Sorkheh Hesar Caravanserai" During the Era of Nasser al-Din Shah [accessed 15 Sep 2025] SOURCE for Suridage caravanserai « At the distance of two miles we reached the caravanserai of Suridage, adjoining a small Coordish village, whence we procured every necessary supply. ... We encamped close to the serai, in a small basin formed by precipitous mountains, ri-sing from a thousand to fifteen hundred feet on all sides. The ruins of a small square fort, with four bastions, occupy a little mound in the centre of the basin; the tradition of which is, that it was built by the Guebres. The caravanserai was built by the late Mohummud Ali Meerza, at an expense of three thousand tomauns. The whole of this range of mountains consists of limestone. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 328 SOURCE for Surkhadiza Khan « Surkhadiza Khan. Supplies scarce. Water abundant.Fuel plentiful. Forage abundant. From this point to Karind the general direction is SE. » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 191 « Colonel Matthews had returned on the 9th from Pai Taq, where he had gone with a part of his column to meet and escort back wireless and survey sections, which had been attached to the Russian force at Kermanshah, and he had experienced considerable difficulty owing to the indifferent state of the road and bad weather. Arrangements were made to carry out immediate improvement of this road and by the end of the month the bulk of Matthews' Column was located at Surkhadiza Khan, with small detachments at Pai Taq and Sar-i-pul. » #3592 History of the Great War based on official documents. The Campaign In Mesopotamia 1914-1918. Volume IV. [?67v] (139/540), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/66/4, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 104

R167-014 Kerrund
R167-014 Kerrund : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Karand , Karind , Kerend , Kerend-e Gharb , کرند غرب ,
VARIANT names: Chieren , Depe-i Kawzid , Guirind , Karand , Karin , Karind , Kassamkhan , Kassam-Khan , Kerend , Kerind (Kerina) , Kerrund , Kirind , Kirrind , Kurrend , Kurund , Marj al-Qal'a , Nezzeret ,
SOURCE for Chieren
« Kerend appears in western sources by the late seventeenth century. Chieren was described by Pietro Della Valle as a small place inhabited by Kurds. (35)
fn. 35. Della Valle, Der Reisen, 7: "ein kleiner von den Curden bewohnter Flecken Chieren genandt [a small place inhabited by Kurds galled Chieren)." »
#3503 D. T. Potts, Elamite Karintas and Avestan Kvirinta: Notes on the Early History of Kerend, Iranian Studies, vol. 50:no. 3:pp. 345-367 ~ p. 348
« Vicino a questo luogo, fra i dirupi stretti di certi monti, abbondanti di acqua, vi era una piccola villa chiamata Chieren, abitata da Curdi; molti de'quali, secondo il solito, vennero con robe alla nostra carovana. [Near this place, among the narrow ravines of certain mountains, abundant with water, there was a small village called Chieren, inhabited by Kurds; many of whom, as usual, came with goods to our caravan.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 434
SOURCE for Depe-i Kawzid
« Depe-i [Dih-i] Kawzid and Chūsmān 8 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Guirind
« Nous fimes après quatre heures de chemin, et campames à Guirind, premier Konak de la Perſe que l'on rencontre fur cette route. Guirind et Khouchan ſont deux villages au haut de la montagne de Halvan; le premier eſt ruiné, mais le ſecond eft habité. Il y paſſe un gros ruiſſeau, et l'air y est très-ſain. Le fort de Guirind eſt bâti au pied d'un rocher peu éloigné de Dertenk. Entre ce fort et celui de Gueilan eſt un vallon où coule ce ruiffeau qui vient de la mon-tagne d'Eïvan, où eſt le canton de Deh-Bala: de-là il va ſe rendre à Mendeli. [We traveled four hours later and camped at Guirind, the first Konak of Persia that one encounters on this road. Guirind and Khoushan are two villages at the top of the Halvan mountain; the first is ruined, but the second is inhabited. A large stream flows through them, and the air is very healthy. The fort of Guirind is built at the foot of a rock not far from Dertenk. Between this fort and that of Gueilan is a valley where flows this stream which comes from the Eïvan mountain, where is the canton of Deh-Bala: from there it goes to Mendeli.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 176
SOURCE for Karand
SOURCE for Karin
« narrows of the fortress of Karin 2—it is a fountainhead close to Iki Imām » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Karind
« The lower part of Karind is passed through at 15 miles, and half a mile further on open ground beyond is reached; here there is plenty of room for camping, and a large sarai in bad repair. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 151
SOURCE for Kassamkhan
« and arrived on the second day at Kassamkhan,9 the last village in Persia. Here we entered the boundaries of the Turk and had to surmount some lofty and rugged mountains which, at this point, separated the Persian territory of Kassamkhan from that of the Turkoman. » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 2 p. 367
SOURCE for Kassam-Khan
« The 19th we came to Kassam-Khan, the last place under the Persian government, and made a present to the governor, that he might give me a guard to protect me from the Turkomans, which he not only did, but gave me a licence to procure provisions free at his villages without payment, which yet I did not avail myself of. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 218
SOURCE for Kerend
« The toponym Kerend has a long history. This study explores the appearance of Kerend in pre-modern sources, beginning with the toponym Karintaš in the late second millennium BC. Kassite, Elamite and Assyrian rivalry for control over the central western Zagros mountains is discussed and the survival of the name in later antiquity is investigated. A derivative of the name appears in Claudius Ptolemy's Geography and in the Parthian Stations of Isidore of Charax, as well as in the late Antique Cosmographia of the Anonymous Geographer of Ravenna. A homonymous name from the area east of the Caspian Sea is also discussed, as are several unrelated names occurring in other sources (Achaemenid Elamite, Armenian).
Introduction
Excavations at Susa (modern Šūš/Shush), one of the most important archaeological sites in Iran, have yielded countless treasures and raised innumerable questions that remain to be solved. As the present study shows, sometimes even a small window » #3503 D. T. Potts, Elamite Karintas and Avestan Kvirinta: Notes on the Early History of Kerend, Iranian Studies, vol. 50:no. 3:pp. 345-367 ~ p. 345
SOURCE for Kerind (Kerina)
« Nous arrivâmes à dix heures à un village con-sidérable, appelé Kirin, l'ancienne Karina (1). Il est situé au pied d'un rocher escarpé, d'où sort une source abondante, qui se répand dana le vallon par divers canaux d'irrigation. Là sont quelques vignobles et beaucoup d'arbres fruitiers. Les habitans fabriquent de jolis tapis en laine de diverses couleurs, qu'ils vendent aux caravanes, ou qu'ils portent à Kermân-Châh. [We arrived at ten o'clock at a considerable village, called Kirin, the ancient Karina (1). It is situated at the foot of a steep rock, from which issues an abundant spring, which spreads into the valley by various irrigation canals. There are some vineyards and many fruit trees. The inhabitants make pretty woolen carpets of various colors, which they sell to caravans, or which they carry to Kerman-Shah.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 230
SOURCE for Kerrund
« In another hour, having gone south-east for two hours over the plain, and been in all about four hours and a half from the Khan-el-Tauk, we entered a fine large caravanserai, a little below the town of Kerrund, and alighted there before noon. ... we left the khan and walked up to the town, which is about a quarter of a mile to the northward of the high-way. Our road led through narrow stone-hedged lanes, on each side of which were large vineyards and gardens, with an abundance of poplar trees planted in rows. The vines were yet bending be-neath the weight of their clusters, and pomegranates studded other trees in full ripeness. ... The town consists of two portions facing each other on opposite sides of a clear stream running down between them. Each of these portions stands on so steep a slope of ground, that the houses rise in stages above each other; and every street, which consists only of one side towards the hill, has the terraces of the houses below on a level with its edge on the other side. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 66-67
« Kerrund » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 414
SOURCE for Kirind
« Denn Surkha-diza liegt 25 km hinter Hulwän. Etwas schwierig wird es allerdings für den anschließen-den Teil der Strecke: Mädharüstän Marj al-Qal'a (Kirind), die mit 6 Parasangen, also 36 km, angegeben wird. Die Entfernung Surkha-diza Kirind beträgt jedoch nur 23 km. (73) fn. 73 C. Ritter, Die Erdkunde im Verhältnis zur Natur und zur Geschichte des Menschen, 9. Theil, 3. Buch. West-Asien, 2. Aufl., 1840, S. 391/93, gibt anhand der verschiedenen Berichte von älteren Reisenden (G. Keppel, Ker Porter u.a.) für die Strecke Sar-i Pul Zuhab-Kirind nur 9 Parasangen. In diesem Fall würde sich die Strecke auf 54 km ermäßigen; der Unterschied würde also nur noch 6 km (zu 48 km) betragen. [Surkha-diza is 25 km behind Hulwän. However, it is somewhat difficult for the next part of the route: Mädharüstän Marj al-Qal'a (Kirind), which is given as 6 parasangs, i.e. 36 km. The distance to Surkha-diza Kirind is, however, only 23 km. (73) fn. 73 C. Ritter, Die Erdkunde im Beziehung zum Natur und zur Geschichte des Menschen, 9. Theil, 3. Buch. West-Asia, 2. Ed., 1840, p. 391/93, based on the various reports of older travellers (G. Keppel, Ker Porter et al.) gives only 9 parasangs for the route Sar-i Pul Zuhab-Kirind. In this case the route would be reduced to 54 km; the difference would therefore be only 6 km (to 48 km).] » #3435 Klaus Schippmann, Hinweise und Anmerkungen zu einigen sasanidischen Monumenten, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1969 vol. 7:pp. 157-162 ~ p. 162
« thence 6 to the villages of Kirind and Khūshän » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
SOURCE for Kirrind
« We resumed our march early in the afternoon , and rode for about twenty-five miles through a mountainous and difficult country to the large village of Kirrind . We stopped on the way for half an hour to rest the animals, at a caravanserai built at the foot of a very steep ascent . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 219
« Kirrind, the capital of the Kirrind Kurds, is either grotesquely or picturesquely situated in and around a narrow gap in a range of lofty hills, through which the Ab-i-Kirrind rushes, after rising in a spring immediately behind. The gap suggests the word jaws, and in these open jaws rise one above another flat-roofed houses straggling down upon the plain among vineyards, poplars, willows, fruit-trees, and immense walnuts and gardens. There are said to be 900 houses, but many of them are ruinous. The stream which bursts from the hills is divided into innumerable streamlets, which must clothe these gardens with beauty. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 93
SOURCE for Kurrend
« The district of Kurrend extends along the brink of Mount Zagros, from the vicinity of Holwan to the village of Goour. It is covered with forests of stunted oak, and inhabited by an extraordinary race of men, » #3021 John Macdonald Kinneir, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, John Murray, London, 1813 ~ p. 141
SOURCE for Kurund
« Two hours from the top of this pass, along a fine level road, brought us to the village of Kurund,where we encamped. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 331
SOURCE for Marj al-Qal'a
« Etwas schwierig wird es allerdings für den anschließen-den Teil der Strecke: Mädharüstän Marj al-Qal'a (Kirind), die mit 6 Parasangen, also 36 km, angegeben wird. [However, the next part of the route, Mädharüstän Marj al-Qal'a (Kirind), is a little more difficult, as it is 6 parasangs, or 36 km long.] » #3435 Klaus Schippmann, Hinweise und Anmerkungen zu einigen sasanidischen Monumenten, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1969 vol. 7:pp. 157-162 ~ p. 162
SOURCE for Nezzeret
« The sixe and twentieth day, wee went some two forsongs to another Cloth towne, where wee rested three daies and three nights, and there we paid Custome for our Camels to a great City being but a forsong from thence and is called Nezzeret, where, on the top of a mighty great mountaine, was a monument of a great Sultan, or Gentleman: and when wee asked, why hee was buried there, it was directly answered, because he was so much neerer to heauen. » #3515 Robert Coverte, ed. Boies Penrose, The travels of Captain Robert Coverte, Wm. F. Fell co., printers, for Mr. Boies Penrose, 1931 ~ p. 83
« But, in the course of my enquiries, I learned that there were formerly in these mountains a people called Nessereah, who, like those of the same name in Syria, paid divine honours to the pudenda muliebris, and held an annual feast not unlike the ancient myste-ries of Venus. ... They had lived long in the mountains in this state of independence, until a series of persecutions and gradual emigration had brought them to settle in the villages around. The greater part of these people are now at Kerrund, where they form the majority of the population, and are called both Nessereahs and Ali-Ullaheeahs, » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 63

R167-015 Khallet-Zenjey
R167-015 Khallet-Zenjey : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Harir , حریر ,
VARIANT names: Harir , Khallet-Zenjey ,
SOURCE for Harir
« At 8½ and 11½ miles, respectively, are the villages of Halateh and Harir on the left of the road. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 151
SOURCE for Khallet-Zenjey
« In about an hour after our entering on the plain, we passed a small village, seated under the hills off our left, called Khallet-Zenjey, with many poplar trees, and a fine stream of water de-scending from it into the plain, but no castle near it, as its name would seem to imply.In another hour, having gone south-east for two hours over the plain, and been in all about four hours and a half from the Khan-el-Tauk, we entered a fine large caravanserai, a little below the town of Kerrund, and alighted there before noon. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 66

R167-016 Kerand caravanserai
R167-016 Kerand caravanserai : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.279793 long 46.244097 † basis (p) Supplement: possible location of the caravanserai based on photograph and Buckingham description VARIANT names: Kerand caravanserai , SOURCE for Kerand caravanserai Kerand Caravanserai: Lost in Time [accessed 05 Oct 2025] « In another hour, having gone south-east for two hours over the plain, and heen in all about four hours and a half from the Khan-el-Tauk, we entered a fine large caravanserai, a little below the town of Kerrund, and alighted there before uoon. When the necessary care had heen taken of our horses, a duty which fell always to my own lot to execute rather thau to superintend, we left the khan and walked up to the town, which is about a quarter of a mile to the northward of the high-way. Our road led through narrow stone-hedged lanes, on each side of which were large vineyards and gardens, with an abundance of poplar trees planted in rows. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 66

R167-017 Harounabad caravansera
R167-017 Harounabad caravansera : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.112829 long 46.538294 † basis (a)
Supplement: most likely location based on Kleiss Abb. 134. Eslamabad (Shahabad-e Gharb), Lageskizze p. 80
VARIANT names: Harounabad caravansera , Karavanserail Eslamabad ,
SOURCE for Harounabad caravansera
« In our way through this, on the same course, we passed two Koord villages and several small settlements of reed huts; and in two hours from our first entering on it we alighted at the caravansera of Harounabad.The situation of this town, at the foot of a line of hills, with a stream of water near it, and a wide plain extending along its front is very similar to that of Kerrund. Its style of building is also the same, but it has not the fine vineyards and gardens of that place, there being no Nessereah here to consume the wine. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 70
SOURCE for Karavanserail Eslamabad
« Karavanserail Eslamabad (Islamabad/Shahabad-e Gharb) (Taf. 11,4) (Abb. 121 und 134) (99)Lage: Nördlich des vorgeschichtlichen Tepe von Shaha-bad-e Gharb im Ortsbereich von Eslamabad, an der Straßen-kreuzung Qasr-e Shirin - Kermanshah und Wegen nach Ilam und Pol-e Dukhtar (Dokhtar).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit 4 Iwanen und 4 getrennten Stallabschnitten. Kuppel über dem Eingang, Halbrundtürme an den Außenfronten.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 84,50 × 74,80 m, Hofmaße 47x41,50 m. Kuppeldurchmesser 8,10 m, Mauerstärke 1 m.Baumaterial: Ziegelbau (26/26/5,5 cm) auf Orthostaten-sockel. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer-stört, teilweise vollständig abgerissen.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Vergleichbar mit dem safavidischen Kara-vanserail in Bisutun, 2. Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts.fn. 99 Ebenda 245. Der Bau wurde am 9. 3. 1973 vermessen. [Eslamabad Caravanserai (Islamabad/Shahabad-e Gharb) (Plate 11,4) (Figs. 121 and 134) (99)Location: North of the prehistoric tepe of Shahabad-e Gharb in the Eslamabad area, at the intersection of Qasr-e Shirin and Kermanshah roads and the roads to Ilam and Pol-e Dukhtar (Dokhtar).Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans and four separate stable sections. Dome over the entrance, semicircular towers on the exterior facades.Dimensions: External dimensions 84.50 × 74.80 m, courtyard dimensions 47 × 41.50 m. Dome diameter 8.10 m, wall thickness 1 m.Building material: Brick construction (26 x 26 x 5.5 cm) on an orthostat base. Structural features and condition: Very badly damaged, partially completely demolished.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Comparable to the Safavid caravanserai in Bisutun, second half of the 17th century.fn. 99 Ibid. 245. The building was surveyed on March 9, 1973.] »
#3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ pp.80-82

R167-018 Kotel-Nal-Shikund
R167-018 Kotel-Nal-Shikund : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PASS UFI: 10105261 coordinate: lat 34.156961 long 46.647738
NIMA/GNS names: Gardaneh-ye Hasanabad , گردنه حسن آباد ,
VARIANT names: Gardaneh-i-Na'l Shikan , Gardaneh-ye Hasanabad , Kotel-Nal-Shikund , Nal Shikan , Na'l Shikan Pass ,
SOURCE for Gardaneh-i-Na'l Shikan
« At 7½ miles the road enters the hills and the going is rough over loose stones. At 9½ miles the summit of the Gardaneh-i-Na'l Shikan is reached, and the track runs over its level summit and descends by winding road of an easy gradient, the going being rocky and slippery in places. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 153
SOURCE for Gardaneh-ye Hasanabad
SOURCE for Kotel-Nal-Shikund
« we turned up northerly through rocky hills, by a nearer bye-path, known to our companions only, and passing over them came again into the high-road on a course of east north-east.A little before day-light we ascended a very rugged steep, which was appropriately called in Persian "Kotel-Nal-Shikund," or "The horse-shoe-destroying Hill." » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 71
SOURCE for Nal Shikan
« We have crossed two high passes, Nal Shikan (the Horse-Shoe breaking pass) and the Charzabar Pass, in tremendous snow, riding nine hours, only dismounting to walk down one hill. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 94
SOURCE for Na'l Shikan Pass
« Entrance of Na'l Shikan Pass (see above under m. 1834), over which road is very bad and stony. Descent from summit contains gradients which are steep and slippery for guns. (Another account describes the gradients as easy, the going being rocky and slippery in places.) » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 193

R167-019 khan Mahee-Dusht
R167-019 khan Mahee-Dusht : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.268487 long 46.805444 † basis (p) Supplement: Shah Abbasi Caravanserai Mahidasht کاروانسرای شاه عباسی ماهیدشت VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0231552 , Caravanserai/Khan - 0231685 , Clin caravanserai , Karavanserail Mahidasht , khan Mahee-Dusht , Shah Abbasi Caravanserai Mahidasht , SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0231552 EAMENA-0231552 [accessed 28 Nov 2025] SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0231685 EAMENA-0231685 [accessed 28 Nov 2025] SOURCE for Clin caravanserai « Nous y demeurâmes juſqu'au vingt-uniéme que nous partîmes avec la Caravane d'Hifpaham pour Bagdat, et vinmes coucher dans un fort grand Caravanserait nommé Clin. [We stayed there until the twenty-first when we left with the caravan of Hifpaham for Bagdat, and came to sleep in a very large caravanserai named Clin.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 132 SOURCE for Karavanserail Mahidasht « Karavanserail Mahidasht (Taf. 12,1.2) (Abb. 121 und 136)(102)Lage: Am Rande des Dorfes Mahidasht, an der Straße von Kermanshah nach Qasr-e Shirin, 26 km westlich von Kermanshah und 38 km nordöstlich von Eslamabad (Shaha-bad-e Gharb). Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit 4 Iwanen und 4 getrennten Stallabschnitten. Kuppel über dem Eingang. Auf der Ostseite Toilettenanlagen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 70 x 68 m. Hofmaße 35,10× 37,20 m (Querachse). Kuppeldurchmesser 7,70 m. Mauer-stärke 1 m.Baumaterial: Ziegelbau (25/25/6cm) auf Naturstein-sockel, Hof gepflastert.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Dem Verfall preisgegeben. Oberteil der Fassade eingestürzt.Inschriften: Inschrift über der Einfahrt verlorengegangen.Datierung: Safavidisch.fn. 100 Ebenda 241. Der Bau wurde am 5. 3. 1973 vermessen. [Mahidasht Caravanserai (Plate 12,1.2) (Figs. 121 and 136)(102)Location: On the outskirts of the village of Mahidasht, on the road from Kermanshah to Qasr-e Shirin, 26 km west of Kermanshah and 38 km northeast of Eslamabad (Shaha-bad-e Gharb). Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and four separate stable sections. Dome over the entrance. Toilet facilities on the east side.Dimensions: External dimensions 70 x 68 m. Courtyard dimensions 35.10 x 37.20 m (transverse axis). Dome diameter 7.70 m. Wall thickness 1 m.Building material: Brick construction (25 x 25 x 6 cm) on a natural stone base, paved courtyard.Structural features and condition: In disrepair. Upper part of the facade collapsed.Inscriptions: Inscription above the entrance lost.Dating: Safavid.fn. 100 Ibid. 241. The building was surveyed on March 5, 1973.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ pp. 82-3 SOURCE for khan Mahee-Dusht « We continued to go east-north-east over the plain, for upwards of an hour, when we reached the caravanserai, having been about six hours on our road from Harounabad, on a general course of east-north-east. There were only a few dwellings near the khan, which had been erected on the banks of the stream that ran by it, for the shelter and supply of passengers halting on the road; and even from these, though small, we procured what we had not been able to do from the largest towns since leaving Bagdad. We found here milk, lebben, cheese, dates, good bread, and fruits of several kinds, in abundance; so that we enjoyed our repose, and prolonged it until noon before we prepared to move. ... and considered to be exactly half-way between the khan of Mahee-Dusht and Kermanshah.» #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 73 SOURCE for Shah Abbasi Caravanserai Mahidasht

R167-020 Kermanshah
R167-020 Kermanshah : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bahtaran , Bakhtaran , Kermansah , Kermanshah , Kermanshahan , Qahremanshahr ,
VARIANT names: Caramanscia , Carmancha , Karamanscia , Karmasin , Kermanchah , Kerman-Chah , Kermanshah , Kirmansha , Kirmanshahan , Kirmisin , Qarmasin , Qirmisin ,
SOURCE for Caramanscia
« Arrivammo con non piccolo ſtento dopo tredici giorni, che uſciti eramo da Babilonia, alla prima Città di Perſia nominata Caramanſcià, numeroſa di abitanti al numero allora di dieci mila ora però ſono due anni, che è ſtata affatto rovinata dal partito degl'Aguani. [We arrived with no small difficulty thirteen days after we left Babylon at the first city of Persia called Karamanshah, which at that time had a population of ten thousand, but which has now been completely ruined by the party of the Aguans for two years.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 19
SOURCE for Carmancha
« Nous arrivâmes à Carmancha le douziéme fur les huit heures du matin. Cette Ville eft la der niere de Perſe, et n'a rien de parsiculier finon que c'eſt une grande Ville où l'on voit quantité de ruines. Je croy que c'eſt le lieu de toute la Perſe, où il y a un plus grand nombre de cimetieres, co qui fait connoître que cette Ville a été autrefois fort peuplée. [We arrived at Carmancha on the twelfth at eight o'clock in the morning. This city is the last in Persia, and has nothing particularly remarkable about it except that it is a large city where one sees a great many ruins. I believe it is the place in all of Persia where there are the greatest number of cemeteries, which shows that this city was once very populated.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 pp. 131-2
SOURCE for Karamanscia
« Accompagnatomi per tanto con alcuni Mercadanti, in tre giorni giunſi a Karamanfcia, ove ebbi rincontro, che mercè l'impegno di Mester-Darel Fattore Ingleſe, era ſtata ridata la cafa, e la libertà al Padre, il quale per riaverſi dal. fofferto travaglio fi era portato a Baffora, ſollecitandomi a darmi fretta nel cammino. [Accompanied therefore by some merchants, in three days I reached Karamanfaya, where I learned that, thanks to the efforts of Master Darrel, the English Farmer, the house and liberty had been restored to the Father, who, to recover from the suffering he had suffered, had taken me to Baffora, urging me to hasten on my journey.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Karmasin
« Kermanshah, or Kermanshahan, as it was more generally called in former times, is a place of considerable antiquity as well as the modern capital of the district of the same name. (1) fn. 1 The Arab pronunciation of theof the town varies betweenKarmasin and Kirmlsln. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 230
SOURCE for Kermanchah
« Nous arrivames le 23 en fix heures à Kirmanchah (3), ancienne ville à 30 fieues au Sud-Oueſt de Hemedan, fui-vant le Géographe Turc.
fn. 3 Kirmanchah eſt ſuivant les Etvals à 23 d de long. fur 34 d. 30 m. de lat. ſuivant le Canon de long. fur 34 d. 10 m. de lat. (4) Dinever eft fuivant le Géographe Turc 82 d. de long. fur 36 de lat. ſuivant les Etvals à 73 d. de long. fur 35 de lat. et fui-le Canon à 76 d. de long. fur 35 de lat. [We arrived on the 23rd at four o'clock in Kirmanchah (3), an ancient town 30 fieues to the South-West of Hemedan, before the Turkish Geographer.
fn. 3 Kirmanchah is according to the Etvals 23 d in length. fur 34 d. 30 m. in lat. following the Canon long. fur 34 d. 10 m. in lat. (4) Dinever is according to the Turkish Geographer 82 d. in length. fur 36 in lat. following the Etvals 73 d. in length. fur 35 in lat. and after the Canon 76 d. in length. fur 35 in lat.] »
#2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 179
SOURCE for Kerman-Chah
« Désirant håter notre arrivée à Kermán-Cháh, nous nous remîmes en chemin. Après avoir quelque temps marché dans la vallée, et traversé ensuite des collines incultes et pres-que nues, nous atteignîmes, le 19 novembre, vers midi, cette ville située au milieu d'une belle plaine. Avant d'y entrer, on passe le long de jardins plantés de divers arbres, et arrosés .par des eaux abondantes, que des canaux en-tretenus avec soin apportent des montagnes voisines. [Wishing to hasten our arrival at Kerman-Sha, we set out again. After walking for some time in the valley, and then crossing uncultivated and almost bare hills, we reached, on November 19, around noon, this town situated in the middle of a beautiful plain. Before entering it, one passes along gardens planted with various trees, and watered by abundant water, which carefully maintained canals bring from the neighboring mountains.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 232
SOURCE for Kermanshah
owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Kermanshah, 47.067, 34.317, IR, nkn, exact, 21, tmcIRa0100_048a »
« Thence there is a gradual descent to the plain, and Kermanshah is reached at 18 miles. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 154
« A short ride next day of four farsaks brought us to Kermanshah , the first town that we had seen in Persia . It stands in a fine , wellwatered plain , surrounded by lofty serrated mountains towering one above the other, with high and precipitous peaks , then still covered with snow. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 224
« We watered our horses at a small stream just below, and in the immediate skirts of the town; but not at the Kara Soo, as the maps had led me to expect from their placing that river west of Kermanshah. The appearance of the place, from this point of view, was that of a very large provincial town, but not of one which was the seat of Royalty. There were neither lofty minarets nor fine domes to be seen, and excepting the harem of the Shah Zadé, seated on an eminence in the midst of a verdant garden, and the octagonal and flat-topped kiosque of his own dwelling in the castle, there were no striking objects to arrest the attention. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 74
« our conjectures were soon set at rest by one of the company, with a long beard, saluting us in the European military fashion, and in the French language, bidding us welcome to Kermanshah. The party consisted of the Euro-pean residents of the city, together with their united trains of servants and followers: of these there were Messieurs De Veaux and Court, the two French officers, to whom we had letters; two Italians; and another person, call-ing himself a Spaniard, of whom more hereafter.We did not come within sight of the town till we had entered a deep and broad ravine, at the top of which it is situated. Kermanshah is encompassed with gardens, and decked with numerous small kiosks (pleasure-houses). It is laid out in walks, canals, and reservoirs: of water, all of which have a picturesque effect on the approach. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 pp. 13-14
« la ville de Kermanshah, dernière place forte ottomane aux mains d'un seigneur kurde. La frontière passe à l'époque par le Qareh Su, qu'on traverse sur le pont dit Pol-i Shah, [The city of Kermanshah, the last Ottoman stronghold in the hands of a Kurdish lord. At that time, the border ran through the Qareh Su, which was crossed via the bridge known as Pol-i Shah.] » #3620 Stefanos Yerasimos, Les voyageurs dans l'Empire Ottoman (XIV - XVI siecles). Bibliographie, itineraires et inventaire des lieux habites., Imprimerie De La Sociêtê Turquie D'histoire,, Ankara, 1991 ~ p. 80
« Kirmanshah, approached from the south-west, added no elements of picturesqueness to the effect. A ruinous wall much too large for the shrunken city it encloses, parts of it lying in the moat, some ruinous loopholed towers, lines of small domes denoting bazars below, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 98
« Es Aga Hassan oriundo de Bagdad, comerciante rico, rodeado, por su carácter oficial, de la mayor consideracion; la casualidad hizo, empero, que, á los tres dias de conocerle, se ausentase, y sin él, único con quien hablaba yo árabe, y me aconsejaba para la continuacion del viaje, me hallé en Kermanshah como en un desierto. [Aga Hassan, originally from Baghdad, was a wealthy merchant, surrounded by the highest regard due to his official position; however, chance caused him to leave three days after I met him, and without him, the only one with whom I spoke Arabic and who advised me on the continuation of the journey, I found myself in Kermanshah as if in a desert.] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 107
SOURCE for Kirmansha
« January 9. We rose from Bisetoon and lay at Kirmansha. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 215
SOURCE for Kirmanshahan
« Kirmanshähän, thence 6 to Jakarmis, thence 5 to Hisäkävän village, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« Kirmanshah (or, more properly, Kirmanshahan), was probably founded by Bahram IV in the fourth century A.D. and named 'city of the kings of Kirman' because Bahram had been governor of Kirman province during the reign of his brother, Shahpur III. The Sassanian city was somewhat to the north of the present town, nearer Taq-i Bustan, and was captured by the Arabs in A.D. 649. » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 131
« Kirmānshāhān 6 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Kirmisin
« Ebul Feda appelle Kirmanchah Kirmiſin, et la place à neuf lieues de Halvan. {Ebul Feda calls Kirmanchah Kirmisin, and places it nine leagues from Halvan.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 180
SOURCE for Qarmasin
« Qarmāsin ou Qarmisin V B2 Kirmānšāh. Iran. Cité de la circonscription de Hamadan. I 196, 197; Η 358, 361; Hur 19, 41; Qud 148, 198, 199, 226, 244; F 209, 211-17; Y 270; R 166; Muq 28, 51, 135, 257, 258, 384, 386, 393, 401. Yaq IV, 69-70; LS 186-87; Schw. 480 + index; DKI 371; ΕΙ II 1094-95 s.v. Kirmānšah. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 42
SOURCE for Qirmisin
« [Kermanshahan] = [Qirmisin] » #846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000, ~ p. 1318

R167-021 Saana : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sahna , Sahneh , Sehneh , صحنه ,
VARIANT names: Saana , Sahana , Sahanah , Sahane , Sahannah or Sanna , Sahna , Sahnah , Sahne , Sahneh , Sanah , Sanna , Sannah , Sehenè or Sahanè , Sehneh , Sihna ,
SOURCE for Saana
« It was about noon when we reached Saana, a large village seated among gardens, on the slope of a hill and having good water before it in the plain. Tbe great public khans, or caravanserai. are now discontinued, that of Bisitoon being the last to tbe eastward; so that passengers are obliged to seek for shelter among the villagers, or sleep in the open air. We halted here about half an hour, chiefly to learn the practicability of reaching a more advanced station of halt before night; » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 147
SOURCE for Sahana
« January 7. We rose from Kengauar and lay at Sahana: 7 houres riding. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 215
« De Maidacht à Sahana, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Sahanah
« September 21. -At four o'clock this morning, (our usual hour, ) we started from Sanna, or Sahanah, » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 145
« We started for Sahanah, a distance of six-teen miles, at eight o'clock in the evening. A quarter of a mile from Be-sitoon, on our left hand, we saw, by the light of the moon, some mounds which we were told had been a field-fortification thrown up by Nadir Shah: » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 80
SOURCE for Sahane
« Presque au fond se trouve Sahanè, où nous arrivâmes à deux heures après-midi. C'est un bourg planté de vignes et d'arbres fruitiers.On y perçoit un droit de capitation, qui est de trois riales pour les Arméniens ou Juifs, et d'un carapoul pour les Musulmans. Les marchandises y payent aussi un droit de péa-ges, [Almost at the bottom is Sahane, where we arrived at two o'clock in the afternoon. It is a village planted with vineyards and fruit trees.A poll tax is collected there, which is three rials for Armenians or Jews, and one carapoul for Muslims. Goods also pay a toll.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol.1 p. 252
SOURCE for Sahannah or Sanna
« At last we reached the village of Sahannah , or Sanna, where we spent the day . It was July 8 -just one year since I had left England on my adventurous journey. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 243
SOURCE for Sahna
« village of Ṣaḥna (and?) fortress of Bakhtigān, also called Mt. Lanqāwar (and?) village of Jamjāl 3—it is opposite the city of Noah » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ p. 375
« Sahna » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 413
SOURCE for Sahnah
« in 5 leagues to Sahnah village, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 161
SOURCE for Sahne
« Le jour ſuivant nous fimes fix heu res de chemin, et campames à Sahnè gros bourg. [The following day we traveled for several hours and camped at Sahnè, a large town.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 188
SOURCE for Sahneh
« There is good and ample camping space on the bank of the stream N. E. of Sähneh. Sähneh is a small but flourishing village, situated in a well-watered and cultivated valley, among gardens and plantations, at the foot of a range of precipitous hills, in which are some ancient caves and sculptures. Sähnch is remarkable for its walnut and mulberry trees. Water is plentiful. Potatoes are grown here. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 157
SOURCE for Sanah
« Por camino montañoso, completamente desierto, pero ancho casi siempre, fuí á Sanah. [By a mountainous road, completely deserted but almost always wide, I went to Sanah. ] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 83
SOURCE for Sanna
« Sanna was our menzil, four farsangs from Kangavar. This village was small , and in every way of humbler pretensions than our last quarters ; » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 145
SOURCE for Sannah
« This village of Sannah lies at an altitude of about 5500 feet, among poplar plantations and beautiful gardens, in which fine walnut trees are conspicuous. Though partly ruinous it is a flourishing little place, its lands being abundantly watered by streams which run into the Gamasiab. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 125
SOURCE for Sehenè or Sahanè
« Tornando dunque al mio proposito, dico che il mercoledi mat-tina partimmo da Scehr-neu, e con non dissimil giornata, ma un poco migliore, perchè non avevamo neve dal cielo, benchè ve ne fosse molta in terra, andammo ad alloggiar la sera a Sehenè o Sahanè, terra grossa abitata e da Curdi e da Persiani. [Returning then to my subject, I say that on Wednesday morning we left Scehr-neu, and with a not dissimilar day, but a little better, because we had no snow from the sky, although there was a lot of it on the ground, we went to lodge in the evening at Sehenè or Sahanè, a large land inhabited by both Kurds and Persians.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 pp. 439-440
SOURCE for Sehneh
SOURCE for Sihna
« Nizām al-Mulk was assassinated on 10 Ramadan 5/14 October 1092 near Sihna, between Kanguwar and Bisutun, as the court was on its way from Isfahan to Baghdad. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 8 p. 72

R167-022 Kengawar
R167-022 Kengawar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLA2 UFI: 15360297 coordinate: lat 34.50195101 long 47.96660413
NIMA/GNS names: Kangavar , کنگاور ,
VARIANT names: Chienghicuer , Concobar , Concovar , Jeniara , Kandavar , Kangavar , Kangawar , Kangowar , Kangur , Kanguvar , Kengauar , Kengavar , Kengawar , Kienghevar , Kingawar , Konkobar , Kungavar , Quingavar ,
SOURCE for Chienghicuer
« Il venerdì al 20 di gennaio andammo ad allog-giare in un' altra grossa terra chiamata Chienghicuer; e già cominciai a conoscere il vantaggio grande che tiene il paese della Persia a quel della Turchia, di bontà, di popolazione, di coltura e d'ogni altra circostanza; [On Friday the 20th of January we went to lodge in another large town called Chienghicuer; and I already began to perceive the great advantage that the country of Persia has over that of Turkey, in kindness, population, culture and every other circumstance;] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 440
SOURCE for Concobar
« C2 [Kangavar]/ConcobarHRL Kangavar RE Κογκοβ?ρ; cf. RE Bagistana;Azarnoush 1981, 82-94 » #846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000, ~ p. 1318
SOURCE for Concovar
« We commenced our march to Concovar, another sixteen mile stage, at half-past three in the afternoon ; » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 80
SOURCE for Jeniara
« On paſſe par la Ville de Jeniara fort grande, mais fort pleine de ruines, et P'on trouve aprés pluſieurs Villages. [We pass through the City of Jeniara, very large, but very full of ruins, and afterwards we find several villages.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 131
SOURCE for Kandavar
« We reached the vale in six hours, having travelled as many farsangs from Sahadabad; and this place was to be our menzil.Kandavar, the ancient Κογκαβάρ, reduced to a village, maintains something of prolonged existence, by preserving a name so near in sound to its venerable appellation of antiquity, and shewing a few human habitations, still mingling with the ruins of the past. The village consists of about three hundred houses, most of which occupy the lofty eminence, so long celebrated as having been the site of a superb temple of Diana. » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 p. 140
SOURCE for Kangavar
SOURCE for Kangawar
« The road to Kangawar lies through a broad valley, which has many streams. Among the mountains which encompass it are the Kuh-i-Hassan, Boka, the Kuh-i-Paran, and the Kuh-i-Bozah. ... Seeing a caravan of asses approaching, I rode on as fast as I could to the well-situated little town of Kangawar, expecting him to follow shortly. At present the entrance into Kangawar is up the bed of a stream. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 pp. 129-130
SOURCE for Kangowar
« Early next morning we arrived at Kangowar, a large town situated on a hill- side . » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 243
SOURCE for Kangur
« Kaylūr 7 [Kangūr 75] parasangs » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Kanguvar
« Then from Kanguvar it is 5 leagues to Bidastan » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 166
SOURCE for Kengauar
January 6.-My Nephew Hedges and I rose from Farespa (leaving Mr. Dowglasse and my Cousin Letter with y Camels) and lay at Kengauar (1). fn. 1 We have now got into the direct route from Hamadan to Bagh-dad, and it is more easily followed. This is Kangavar (Kongaver, etc.), a place of old note, the Κογκοβ?ρ of Isidore of Charax. The next stage is Sahāna, and then Bisutün (Bihistün, Baghistan, "the place of gardens", Βαγίστανον οι Βαγίστανη of the Greeks), the site of the famous spring, and of the rock-inscriptions in cuneiform, with which the name of Rawlinson is for ever associated. The next stage is the well-known city Kirmanshah. Then Pul-i-Shah ("King's Bridge"), Mah-i-dasht, Härünābād.-Y.
SOURCE for Kengavar
« De Sahana à Kengavar, jours. 1 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Kengawar
« lt was about an hour from hence, and past sunset, when we reached Kengawar, having been nearly twelve hours on the road; our course being about east by north, and the distance forty miles. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Kienghevar
« Au fond est, sur une petite éminence, un grand village, où nous arrivons à deux heures. Cet endroit, appelé Kienghevar, que l'on croit être l'ancienne Konkobar, semble, en effet, avoir été une ville de quelque étendue. [In the background, on a small rise, is a large village, which we arrive at at two o'clock. This place, called Kienghevar, which is believed to be the ancient Konkobar, seems, in fact, to have been a town of some size.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 254
SOURCE for Kingawar
« Kingāwar 5—it is somewhat ruined » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ p. 375
SOURCE for Konkobar
« Kangavar is a place of genuine antiquity; it was known, under the name of Konkobar, to the Greek geographer Isidor of Charax in the first century of our era; (3)
fn. 3 The first scholar to identify Kanga-var with Concobar, I believe, was D'Anville, Compendium of Ancient Geography, pt. 2, p. 460, London, 1791. Since that time much has been written about the site; see Rawlinson, JRGS. 9. 112; Buckingham, Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, pp. 150-154, London, 1829; Masson, Illus-trations of Isidorus of Charax, in JRAS. 12 (1850), pp. 97-124; Ker Porter, Travels, 2. 139-144; Texier, Description de l'Arménie, la Perse, etc., 1. 160 seq., pls. 62-64; Flandin and Coste, Voyage en Perse, Ancienne, 1. pls. 20-23, Moderne, pls. 72-74, Texte, pp. 11-14; Dieulafoy, L'Art Antique de la Perse, pt. 5, pp. 7-8, 11, 207; Curzon, Persia, 1. 51, n. 1; Mar-quart, Erānšahr, p. 24; and E. A. Floyer, Unexplored Baluchistan, pp. 424-425, London, 1882. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 237
SOURCE for Kungavar
« Kungavar » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 413
SOURCE for Quingavar
« como de una legua, de formacion caliza y yesosa, que cierran áridas montañas, detras de las cuales se halla Quingavar, poblacion de seis mil almas, y donde existen ruinas al parecer de un gran templo. Difícil es clasificar el estilo á que pertenecen, no por los embates del tiempo, sino por lo incompleto del trabajo; los capiteles, las cornisas, los bása-mentos, si bien pueden parecer de órden dóricd, sólo están trazados á grandes rasgos, [about a league away, of limestone and gypsum formation, enclosing arid mountains, behind which lies Quingavar, a town of six thousand souls, and where there are ruins apparently of a great temple. It is difficult to classify the style to which they belong, not because of the ravages of time, but because of the incompleteness of the work; the capitals, the cornices, the bases, although they may seem of the Doric order, are only roughly sketched,] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 82

R167-023 Wellashgherd
R167-023 Wellashgherd : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Karkhaneh , کارخانه ,
VARIANT names: Karkhaneh , Wellashgherd ,
SOURCE for Karkhaneh
SOURCE for Wellashgherd
« On leaving Kengawar we went east by north over the plain, and after we had gone about a mile and a-half, we had opposite to us, on our right, distant less than a mile, a large castle, and an enclosed town, standing on a long artificial mound. This place was called Wellashgherd, and the whole is said to be the work of a certain Firooz Ullah Khan, evidently a Moslem, but of whose age or history we could obtain no satisfactory details. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 154

R167-024 Sadawah
R167-024 Sadawah : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Asadabad , Qal'eh Shahzadeh , اسد آباد ,
VARIANT names: Asadabad , Kala Shazada , Saadabad , Sadawah , Sadawar ,
SOURCE for Asadabad
« We accomplished this in three stages, over a mountainous road, rising to a pass, during the first march to Asadabad, 2250 feet above Turbat itself. The Godar-i-Baidar commands a splendid view of the grass green hollows on its north, and notwithstanding incessant rain and inseparable discomforts, there was much to charm the eye in the landscape presented. » #1253 Goldsmid, F. J., Journey from Bandar Abbas to Mash-Had by Sistan, with Some Account of the Last-Named Province, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1873, 43:65-83 ~ p. 81
« Asadābād at mile 24 is a scattered town, the suburbs extending to 14 miles. It is well watered by streams of good sweet water from the hills. Streams flow through the streets. Asadābād has 100 shops and several surais. The town is surrounded by gardens. The camping ground, which is by the side of a small torrent in the sloping plain N.-E. of the town, is spacious and on a high level. There is a telegraph office. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 159
« Asadabad » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 413
SOURCE for Kala Shazada
« Kala Shazada » in {map#1341 in #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.) 3:9:513-46 ~ fig. Map of Khorasan and neighbouring countries}
SOURCE for Saadabad
« La naturaleza de las rocas que dejaba á mi izquierda, y de las que median hasta Saadabad, es por lo ge-neral de granito blanco con planos de crucero in-elinados á 45°. En Saadabad habitan algunas familias judías dedicadas á fabricar vino'y aguardiente; ... Sigue á Assadabad una depresion del terreno como de una legua, de formacion caliza y yes???, que cierran áridas montañas, [The nature of the rocks I left to my left, and those extending to Saadabad, is generally white granite with cross-sections inclined at 45°.
In Saadabad live some Jewish families dedicated to making wine and spirits; ... Beyond Assadabad lies a depression in the terrain about a league deep, composed of limestone and gypsum, enclosed by arid mountains.] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 pp. 81-2
SOURCE for Sadawah
« in about six hours from Kengawar we came on a fine fertile soil, when, after passing through many gardens, and over streams of water, we entered the large village of Sadawah, ... The village of Sadawah occupies, with its numerous gardens, an extent of scarcely less than three or four miles in circuit; » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 154
SOURCE for Sadawar
« AT seven in the morning, we commenced our march to Sadawar. We first ascended a stony pass, which led into an extensive plain of an oval form to the North. We then passed through one of the numerous villages which lie scattered over the valley; and three hours from the pass in the mountains, reached the village of Sadawar, seated at the base of the Elwund mountain, which forms the northern boundary of the valley. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p.

R167-025 Karwansera Meear Kotel Sadawah
R167-025 Karwansera Meear Kotel Sadawah : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.876629 long 48.220811 † basis (p) Supplement: Tajabad-e Sofla Caravanserai کاروانسرای تاج آباد سفلی VARIANT names: abandoned caravanserai , caravanserai , Karwansera Meear Kotel Sadawah , roofed caravanserai , Taj Abad caravanserai , Tajabad-e Sofla Caravanserai , SOURCE for abandoned caravanserai « Vers le milieu se trouve un caravansérail abandonné, bâti anciennement par Hadji-Ali-Khan. Il s'est détaché de la montagne un grand nombre de pierres de marbre de différentes grosseurs, que l'on voit sur la route. Près du caravansérail les pierres nous parurent avoir quelques parcelles de cuivre. [Towards the middle is an abandoned caravanserai, built long ago by Hadji-Ali-Khan. A large number of marble stones of different sizes have been detached from the mountain, which can be seen on the road. Near the caravanserai the stones appeared to us to have some particles of copper.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 257 SOURCE for caravanserai « mutataſi poi la grandine in ne ve,e pioggia, fummo dall'empito del vento ſpinti all'ingiù del monte, ed in termine di altre tre ore arrivaffimo ad un Caravanserai, che ſtà a piedi di eſſo, dove non aven-do con che pagar il pedaggio, convenne all'Aleppino laſciare in pegno una ſua piſtola, la quale poi in Amadam fi riebbe, ſenza pagare coſa alcuna. [The hail then turned to snow and rain, and the force of the wind drove us down the mountain, and after another three hours we reached a caravanserai, which was on foot away. Not having the means to pay the toll, the Aleppino was forced to leave his pistol as a pledge, which he later got back in Amadam without paying anything.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 22 SOURCE for Karwansera Meear Kotel Sadawah « Near the foot of the hill we came to a small khan, called Karwansera Meear Kotel Sadawah, which had been erected by some humane individual, as a shelter for passengers. During the four winter months, this mountain is said to be impassable by caravans, from the snows with which it is covered; and it is asserted that not a season passes without the death of many shepherds and peasants from the cold alone. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 160 SOURCE for roofed caravanserai « Near the base of the mountain we passed a caravanserai: the centre was roofed in at the top, different from these buildings in general, and a very necessary protection against the severe cold in this mountainous region during the winter season. Bands of robbers have at different times occupied the building, and converted into a place of molestation to the traveller what had been built for his protection. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 90 SOURCE for Taj Abad caravanserai «1668-046 Tāj Abād Iran (Islamic Republic of) N34 52 35.88 E48 13 14.62 0.28 ha 6.56 ha» [accessed 10 Jan 2026] SOURCE for Tajabad-e Sofla Caravanserai

R167-020a six arch bridge
R167-020a six arch bridge : place IRN (bridge)
Supplement: « This bridge is 145 meters long and has 6 spans. » Moradi #3608 p. 215
« The bridge is 102 m long » Kleiss #3218 p. 278
VARIANT names: Bisitun bridge , Bisotun bridge , Bisutun brucke , Pol-e Dinavar Ab , Pol-e Kohneh , Pol-e Naderabad , Pol-e Safavi , Pol-e Shah Abbasi , Safavidische Brucke , single arch bridge (?) , six arch bridge ,
SOURCE for Bisitun bridge
« At mile 3½ the River Dinavär is reached (a tributary of the Gamasisb), the bridge over which is known as the "Bisitün Bridge." It is built of brick with 4 arches, with a total span of 63 yards. The Turks damaged the crown of the second arch from the right bank on its upstream side. On 25th March 1918, the remaining portion of the roadway on this arch, which is 13 yards in span, was only 2 ft. 6 in. wide. This remaining portion has a bad oblique crack, but a new pillar is being built in the centre of the broken arch (2-8-18). The normal width of the roadway is 7 yards. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 155
SOURCE for Bisotun bridge
« Bisotun bridge is built across the Dinavar Ab River oriented on an east-west axis. It is located on the eastern outskirt of the present-day town of Bisotun, on the ‘Great Khorasan Road’. The bridge is 145 m long consisting of six spans. ... Bisotun bridge is built across the Dinavar Ab River oriented on an east-west axis. It is located on the eastern outskirt of the present-day town of Bisotun, on the ‘Great Khorasan Road’. Among the locals, this bridge is also known as Pol-e Kohneh, Pol-e Shah Abbasi, Pol-e Safavi, Pol-e Naderabad, and Pol-e Dinavar Ab. Since the 18th century, the Bisotun bridge has been repeatedly visited but only occasionally described by travelers and scholars. Their descriptions do not contain any significant information about architectural characteristics of this remarkable bridge and its importance in the transport road network of the region. Prior to our archaeological excavations in 2001, all scholars who had written about the Bisotun bridge believed that it had only five spans and was built during the Safavid period (Kleiss 1990: 277-279; 1996a: 243; Luschey 2013: 299; Golzari, nd: 402; Azarang 1375: 204; Mokhlesi 1379: 66, 370). Their proposed dating is based on the proximity of the bridge to a caravanserai from the Safavid period. » #3608 Yousef Moradi, Bisotun Bridge on the ‘Great Khorasan Road’: Architecture, Construction Phasing and Chronology, Archaeological Research of Iran, Bu-Ali Sina University, 2022 vol. 12:no. 32:pp. 215-248 ~ ~ p. 215
« Safavid Brucke Abb. 137. Bisutun, Lageplan » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 83
SOURCE for Bisutun brucke
« Bereits im Jahre 1967 wurde die safavidische Brücke in Bisutun (Abb. 1) vermessen (6), die bis zum Bau einer neuen Straßenbrücke, seit der Safavidenzeit den Karawanenweg von Ker-manshah (Bakhtaran) nach Hamadan über den Dinavar Ab, kurz vor dessen Mündung in den Gamasiab führte. Sie dürfte im Zuge des Aus-baus der Karawanenroute, die ein Teilstück der Seidenstraße ist, um die Zeit der Errichtung des safavidischen Karavanserails in Bisutun (7) unter Sheikh Ali Khan, eines Ministers von Shah Sulayman Safavi, zu Beginn der 80er Jahre des 17. Jahrhunderts gebaut worden sein. Spuren einer älteren Brücke sind nicht sichtbar, so daß die Annahme vielleicht zu Recht besteht, ur-sprünglich sei der Karawanenweg in Bisutun über die sasanidische Brücke auf die Ostseite des Gamasiab hinübergewechselt und der zum Teil noch sichtbaren sasanidischen Straße in Richtung Kangavar und Hamadan gefolgt.Die Brücke ist 102 m lang, ihre Fahrbahn ist durchschnittlich 6,20 m breit, die beiden Brü-stungsmauern nicht mitgerechnet.
fn. 6 Die safavidische Brücke von Bisutan wurde im Rahmen der Ausgrabungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts in Bisutun (Leitung II. Luschey) vom Verfasser am 26. 11. 1965 vermessen. Für tätige Hilfe bei dieser Arbeit danke ich dem damaligen Impektor des iranischen Antikendienstes M.Y. Kuni. Die Brücke sollte im Rahmen einer Bisutun-Gesamtpublikation vorgelegt werden, doch ist es zu cincr solchen Veröffentlichung bisher leider nicht gekommen.fn. 7 AMI N.F. 3. 1970, 289ff. [As early as 1967, the Safavid bridge in Bisutun (Fig. 1) was surveyed (6). Until a new road bridge was built, it had carried the caravan route from Kermanshah (Bakhtaran) to Hamadan over the Dinavar Ab, shortly before its confluence with the Gamasiab, since the Safavid period. It was likely built during the expansion of the caravan route, which is part of the Silk Road, around the time of the construction of the Safavid caravanserai in Bisutun (7) under Sheikh Ali Khan, a minister of Shah Sulayman Safavi, in the early 1680s. No traces of an older bridge are visible, so the assumption may be justified that the caravan route originally crossed the Sasanian bridge in Bisutun to the east side of the Gamasiab and followed the partially still visible Sasanian road towards Kangavar and Hamadan.The bridge is 102 m long, its roadway is on average 6.20 m wide, not including the two parapet walls.fn. 6 The Safavid bridge of Bisutan was surveyed by the author on November 26, 1965, as part of the excavations of the German Archaeological Institute in Bisutun (directed by II. Luschey). I would like to thank the then Imperator of the Iranian Antiquities Service, M.Y. Kuni, for his active assistance in this work. The bridge was intended to be presented as part of a comprehensive publication on Bisutun, but unfortunately, such a publication has not yet taken place.
#3218 Wolfram Kleiss, Brucken aus safavidischer und qadjarischer Zeit in Sud- und Westiran III, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1990 Band 23:pp. 275-289 ~ pp. 277-8 [ see also Abb.6]
SOURCE for Pol-e Dinavar Ab
« Among the locals, this bridge is also known as Pol-e Kohneh, Pol-e Shah Abbasi, Pol-e Safavi, Pol-e Naderabad, and Pol-e Dinavar Ab. Since the 18th century, the Bisotun bridge has been repeatedly visited but only occasionally described by travelers and scholars. Their descriptions do not contain any significant information about architectural characteristics of this remarkable bridge and its importance in the transport road network of the region. Prior to our archaeological excavations in 2001, all scholars who had written about the Bisotun bridge believed that it had only five spans and was built during the Safavid period (Kleiss 1990: 277-279; 1996a: 243; Luschey 2013: 299; Golzari, nd: 402; Azarang 1375: 204; Mokhlesi 1379: 66, 370). Their proposed dating is based on the proximity of the bridge to a caravanserai from the Safavid period. » #3608 Yousef Moradi, E. Keall, Bisotun Bridge on the ‘Great Khorasan Road’:Architecture, Construction Phasing and Chronology, Archaeological Research of Iran, Bu-Ali Sina University, 2022 ~ p. 215
SOURCE for Pol-e Kohneh
SOURCE for Pol-e Naderabad
SOURCE for Pol-e Safavi
SOURCE for Pol-e Shah Abbasi
SOURCE for Safavidische Brucke
« Safavidische Brucke » in {map#1414 in #3609 eds. W. Kleiss and P. Calmeyer, Bisutun : Ausgrabungen und Forschungen in den Jahren 1963 - 1967 Teheraner Forschungen ; Bd. 7, Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin, 1996 ~ fig. Bisutun Lageplan}
SOURCE for single arch bridge (?)
« A mezzo miglio ſi paſſa ſopra un antico, e gran Ponte d'uu arco ſolo, [After half a mile you pass over an ancient and large bridge with a single arch,] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 21
SOURCE for six arch bridge
« From this place we continued our way nearly north, for about an hour, when we turned to the east and crossed the river Komeshah, over a bridge of six arches. This stream has its source to the northward, within the limits of the plain, and goes from hence south and south-easterly, until it falls into the Kara Soo. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 146

R167-105a Polwar stream
R167-105a Polwar stream : place IRN
VARIANT names: Polvar river , Polwar stream ,
SOURCE for Polvar river
SOURCE for Polwar stream
« We went from hence down to Persepolis, in a southerly direction, and crossed cultivated grounds and canals. In half an hour we passed over the stream of Polwar, which was now very low. It comes from seven or eight fursucks off to the north-east, and goes into the Bund Ameer, » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 268