R169path Gobineau.kmz

R169path Gobineau

R169-050 Ispahan
R169-050 Ispahan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013426 coordinate: lat 32.657218 long 51.677608
NIMA/GNS names: Aspadana , Esfahan , Esfehan , Isfahan , اصفهان ,
VARIANT names: al-Yahudiyya , A-su-pau-han , Esfahan , Gabæ , Hispaham , Hispahan , Hispahone , Isbahan , Isfahan , Ispahan , Ispahaun , Ispahawne , I-ssi-fa-hang , Julfa , Sipahan , Spaan , Spahan , Spahaune , Spahawn , Spahone , Ya-ssi-pau-hien ,
SOURCE for al-Yahudiyya
« al-Yahūdiyya V D3 La ville actuelle d'Isfahan. Iran. Ce toponyme désigne en principe la moitié Ouest d'Isbahän, mais il est souvent employé pour dési-gner la capitale (qasaba) tandis qu'Isbahān désigne la circonscription (kūra). I 198, 199; Η 362; Hur 58; Y 274; R 90(g); Muq 7, 23, 26, 51, 388, 389, 397, 398, 399(d), 400, 401, 402, 457-58, 459, 491 ?. Yaq IV, 1045; LS 203-204; Schw. 586 + index. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 45
SOURCE for A-su-pau-han
« same as Ya-ssi-pau-hien in Amoy dialect » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Esfahan
SOURCE for Gabæ
#836 p. 13
SOURCE for Hispaham
« Prés huit heures de courſe nous aurivâmes ſur les dix heu res du matin à Hiſpaham. [After nearly eight hours of racing, we arrived at Hispaham around ten o'clock in the morning.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 77
SOURCE for Hispahan
« And so we arrived at Hispahan. Hispahan is one of the greatest Cities in Persia, where the King sometimes keepeth his residencie. The people are industrious and curious in all Sciences, but especially in weaving Girdles and Shashes, in making of Velvets, Sattens, Dammasks, very good Ormuzines, and Persian Carpets of a wonderfull fine-nesse. Here you may buy all manner of Drugs, and Spices, and Turkeses, with store of Pearles, Diamonds, and Rubies, as also all sorts of Silkes, as well wrought, as raw. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 pp. 84-5
SOURCE for Hispahone
« This daye we came from Hispahone [Ispahan], being the last of Aprill, to Botoon [?J 1 som two leauges from the citye.
fn. 1 Not traced. Della Valle gives Bertabad in this neighbourhood. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 45
SOURCE for Isbahan
SOURCE for Isfahan
« Iṣfahān 4. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
« and from the village of Sin it is 4 leagues to Isfahan city » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« finally 4 leagues to Isfahan. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 167
« I felt almost inclined to question my eyes when I actually caught sight of the ruined fire-temple. The deserted shrine stands on the top of a hill which rises about seven hundred feet sharply above the plain at a distance of three or four miles from Isfahan. The ascent is by a winding path which starts from the southeastern slope of the elevation and proceeds by a series of natural steps formed by ledges of the unhewn rock. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 253
« Inside the shabby gateway the road to Julfa lies among rows of mean mud houses, heaps of ruins, and shabby provision bazars; and that mile or more of Isfahan was the one disagreeable part of the journey. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 244
« The aggregate distance from Yezd to Isfahan I computed to be a hundred and seventy-seven miles. The course principally west, and the road good. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 423
« je ne parlerai dans cette route que de mon dernier voyage, lorsque je partis d'Ispahan pour les Indes le vingt-quatrième de février 1665. [I will only speak in this passage of my last voyage, when I left Isfahan for India on the twenty-fourth of February 1665.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Ispahan
« avoir fait trois lieuës dans des campagnes graffes et fertiles on arrive à Ifpahan. [Having traveled three leagues through rough and fertile countryside, one arrives at Ifpahan.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73
« Et de la a Ispahan اصفهان sans aucune ville dans l'intervalle, go milles. [And from there to Isfahan (اصفهان), with no town in between, 6 miles.] » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 2 p. 166
« At last we emerged from the bazaars into the fine spacious square called Meydán- i- Shah. On our right hand as we entered it was the 'Alí Kápí (Supreme Gate), which is the palace of the Zillu ' s -Sultán, the Prince Governor of Isfahan, of whom I have already spoken » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 196
« We were conducted through several streets, through the Maidan, and before the Kings Pa|lace, to that part of the Suburbs which is called Tzulifa, where we were lodg'd in the Quar|ter of the chiefest of the Armenian Merchants, who are Christians, and have their habitations there. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197
« the 16. of Ianuary I left Ispa|han, with a retinue of three persons, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
« HAving stay'd the most part of 2 Days at Ruk, we set forward again, and on the 19 we came to the long-wishd-for Ispahan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 313
« Reise von Isfahan nach Persepolis und Schinas anno 1683 in November [Journey from Isfahan to Persepolis and Schinas in November 1683] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 85
« je me résolus de me rendre à Ispahan, le plus tôt que je pourrois, et j'y arrivai le 2 juillet, fatigué et abattu autant qu'on le peut être. [I resolved to go to Isfahan as soon as I could, and I arrived there on July 2nd, as tired and dejected as one can be.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 91
« From Guz to Ispahan through cultivated plains. Road crossed by numerous streams of water » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Ispahaun
« After we had received their Complements, they undertook to be both our Guide and Guard to Ispahaun, Three Miles farther, defending us against the unwary Insults of Thieves, with which this place is infested » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 239
SOURCE for Ispahawne
« The twenty fourth day, we entred into the City where wée staied eleuen or twelue daies.This City of Ispahawne, is a gallant City, and one of the principall Cities of Persia, and aboundeth in traffique of all sorts of Merchandize. There are ma|ny great Surroies, where are houses made of purpose for the laying in and kéeping of Merchants goods, and to harbour and lodge themselues and their Camels Horses or other Cattle, and prouision; the profits of which Surroies redound to the King only. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 53
SOURCE for I-ssi-fa-hang
« name written in the Yaun period » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Julfa
« From Daulatabad to Julfa 22¾ miles. » #3529 Henry Blosse Lynch, Across Luristan to Ispahan, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, London, 1890 vol. 12:no. 9:pp. 533-553 ~ p. 551
« #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ » #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ p. 170
SOURCE for Sipahan
« (2) The city of Isfahan (Sipahān) consisted of two parts, Shahristān (also called al-Madina and Djayy, evidently the seat of the governor) and Djahüdhān (Arabicised: al-Yahūdiyya, i.e. the old Jewish quarter). See Hudud al-'alam, 131; al-Istakhri 198-9; Yākūt, 343. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 9 p. 220
SOURCE for Spaan
« 3 The city of Spaan, Spahan, or Ispahan, by the Arabians called Isfahan, situated in the southern part of Persian Irak, is well known as the magnificent capital of the kings of the Sefi family, which, espe- cially during the reign of Shah Abbas II., exceeded in splendour, as well as extent, most Asiatic cities. It fell under the dominion of the Moghuls in 1221, and was taken, plundered, and nearly destroyed by Tamerlane in 1387. » #3318 ed. Thomas Wright trans. Marsden, The Travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian, The Translation of Marsden Revised, with a Selection of his Notes, H.G. Bohn, London, 1854 ~ p. 49 fn. 3
« We remained in this city of Spaan with His Majesty until the 25th of this month, during which time we were invited by His Majesty to frequent banquets. Spaan appears to be a very convenient city. It is situated in a plain abounding with all kinds of provisions. It is said that, as the city refused to surrender, much of it was destroyed after it had been taken. It is surrounded by a wall of earth like the others. From Tauris to Spaan is a twenty-four days' journey, through a country entirely belonging to Persia, consisting of a very arid plain with salt water in many places. » #383 Barbaro, J. and Contarini, A., Travels to Tana and Persia, Hakluyt Society:Burt Franklin, Cambridge:New York, 1873:1963-6, ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Spahan
« December 1.-I hired 125 Camells to carry mine and Mr. Robert Dowglasse's Bales, at Mahmoodies 80 for 100 Maunds Tauris, to Bagdat, and 13 mules to carry our luggage, at Mah-moodies 90 per 100 Maunds Tauris.¹December 13. This day I left Spahan, and began my journey towards Aleppo, by way of Bagdat. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 213
« La ville de SPAHAN autresfois appellée, comme veulent aucuns Hecatompyle, eft fort grande; mais elle n'a point de for-tereffe, ny aucun beau palais, elle n'a pas fi grande difette d'eau comme CASBIN, mais elle a auffi beaucoup plusbeſoin de bois. [The city of Spahan, formerly called, as some would have it, Hecatompyle, is very large; but it has no fortress, nor any beautiful palace, it does not have as large a water supply as Casbin, but it also has much more need of wood.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 134
« siendo cosa increible el grande numero de estas naciones que en la ciudad de Spahan está rrecogido, no cabiendo en los muchos y grandes carauasares que en la giudad ay, por no tener casas propias en que biuir. [It is incredible how many of these nations are gathered in the city of Spahan, not fitting in the many large caravanserais in the city, because they have no houses of their own to live in.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 pp. 24-5
SOURCE for Spahaune
« 5 February 1707/8. Departed from Spahaune [Isfahan] the 5th February at 3 after-noon. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Spahawn
« One of the oldest and best accounts of Ispahan, soon after the period of Shah Abbas's government, is given by Sir Thomas Herbert, an English traveller, who visited it in 1627, and parts of whose description are so curious as to be worth transcribing, especially as his book is not now so easy of access to the general reader. He says:-'The imperial city of Spahawn is in thirty-two degrees thirty-nine minutes north; is seated in the kingdom of Parthia, in a fair plain and pleasant horizon. It is by some called Spaan, and by others Spahan and Hispahan, as their several dialects concorded. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ note p. 231
« ISFAHAN-Telegraph Station. In the Persian province of Irak-Ajim; pronounced "Spahawn." » #3181 Bradshaw's Through Route Overland Guide to India, and Colonial Handbook, W. J. Adams and sons, 1884 ~ p. 253
« The tenth of Aprill wee fet out from Spahawnet a village fix miles South from Spahawn: when we had gone a farfang (three miles,) we were ſtayed by the way to taſte a banquet in a ſpacious garden of the Kings, whither the Engliſh Agent and ſuch other Chriftian Mechants as were in Spaharon came out to attend our Lord Ambaffador: a mile neerer the Citie, the Vifier, the Sultan of Spahawn, Meloyembeg and Hodge nazar the Armenian Prince with foure thousand horse and innumerable foot, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Spahone
« The 27th daye we came to on of the Kinges garde[n]swch is wthin an English mile of the citie of Spahone [Ispahan], wher we rested this daye and layd in a muskeet [mosque] this night, weh is ouer against the garden gate. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Ya-ssi-pau-hien
#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12

R169-051 Gyaz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013393 coordinate: lat 32.804821 long 51.620874
NIMA/GNS names: Gaz , Jaz , گز ,
VARIANT names: Gaz , Gez , Gyaz ,
SOURCE for Gaz
« Gaz (Serai) » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No. 9 Tehran 1917}
SOURCE for Gez
« The mud post-houses of Gez at twelve miles, and Amirabad at about twenty-four, were both mere centres of uninteresting wastes.
Not wishing to travel all night, I decided to oc???? the rather squalid chapar khaneh at Murchakar, after a journey of something like forty miles, » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 291
« Gez » in {map#1341 in #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.) 3:9:513-46 ~ fig. Map of Khorasan and neighbouring countries}
SOURCE for Gyaz
« L'aspect de notre campement ne nous consola pas. Nos tentes avaient t dresses la hte sur un sol argileux provenant de ruines ; ce lieu dsol s'appelle Gyaz. [The appearance of our encampment did not console us.Our tents had been hastily pitched on clay soil from ruins; this desolate place is called Gyaz.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 230

R169-052 Soôu : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3085969 coordinate: lat 33.439629 long 51.45212
NIMA/GNS names: Seh , So , Suh , سه ,
VARIANT names: Soh , Soou , Suh ,
SOURCE for Soh
« Sôh » in {map#1345 in #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ fig. Carte II Anciennes Routes vers Ispahan}
« The succeeding route was through 236an absolutely uninhabited and uninhabitable country, clay and mud hills, purple, red, gray, pink, brown, an utter desolation, till we came in sight of the good-sized and at a distance imposing-looking village of Soh in a keen wind with frequent snow showers. Soh is a telegraph testing station. ... The desolation of this part of the route may be judged of from the fact that except the village of Kuhrūd there is not an inhabited house for forty-six miles. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 pp. 235-6
« After we had surmounted the pass, things went somewhat better ; but we had been so much delayed during the ascent that it was nearly 6 P.M. , and getting dusk, before we reached the rather bleak-looking village of Soh. Here also there is a telegraph - office, whither I directed my steps. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 192
SOURCE for Soou
« Nous tions transports soudainement dans un climat du Nord. Il n'y avait pas d'ailleurs trop s'en plaindre. Les chevaux n'en marchaient que mieux. Aprs six heu res, nous arrivmes Soôu et nous nous apermes tout d'abord que notre veine d'infortune tait puise pour quelque temps. C'est une charmante petite ville, avec des constructions plusieurs tages et un beau caravansrail. [We were suddenly transported to a northern climate.There wasn't much to complain about, either.The horses only got better. After six hours,we arrived at Soôu and realized at first that our run of bad luck had ended for some time. It's a charming little town, with multi-story buildings and a beautiful caravanserai.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 231
SOURCE for Suh

R169-053 Kohroud
R169-053 Kohroud : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3080315 coordinate: lat 33.673 long 51.4129
NIMA/GNS names: Kuhrud , Qahrud , Qohrud , قهرود ,
VARIANT names: Corou , Kohrood , Kohroud , Kohrud , Kouhroud , Kuhrud , Qohrud , Quhrud ,
SOURCE for Corou
« Du refervoir à Corou il y a environ deux heures de marche.Corou est un village fort grand et fort peuplé dans un terroir environné de hautes montagnes, et planté de quantité de-noyers. Ses maiſons n'ont qu'un étage fort bas, et ne font bâties que de cailloux, et fon Carvanſera eft beau et commode. [From the reservoir to Corou, it's about a two-hour walk.Corou is a very large and densely populated village in a region surrounded by high mountains and planted with many walnut trees. Its houses have only one very low story and are built entirely of stone, and its Carvansera is beautiful and comfortable.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73
SOURCE for Kohrood
« Beyond this the gorge widens, cultivation commences, the road winding between gardens and orchards till it reaches village of Kohrood. Contains some 300 houses, built one above the other on side of stony bare hill. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 56
SOURCE for Kohroud
« Le lendemain, nous nous mmes en marche pour gagner Kohroud, et nous nous apermes bientt qu'Aly-Khan faisait montre d'un grand talent stratgique. [The next day, we set off to reach Kohroud, and we soon realized that Aly-Khan displayed great strategic talent.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 233
SOURCE for Kohrud
« About a mile farther on we came to the village of Kohrúd, where, the chápár-kháné (post-house) being occupied, we found quarters at the house of a Seyyid, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 186
SOURCE for Kouhroud
« Kouhroud » in {map#1345 in #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ fig. Carte II Anciennes Routes vers Ispahan}
SOURCE for Kuhrud
« We lost the way in the snow, and then took to the pebbly river as the safest track, and had an hour of fumbling in water and snow under apple and pear trees for the halting-place. The twilight of a frosty evening was coming on when we reached the village of Kuhrūd—500 houses in terraces on a mountain side, and clustering round a fort on a projecting spur. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 233
SOURCE for Qohrud
SOURCE for Quhrud
« From Kāshān to Isfahan.-From Kāshān it is 8 leagues to the village of Quhrūd, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175

R169-054 Kaschan
R169-054 Kaschan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLA2 UFI: 10325556 coordinate: lat 33.997284 long 51.441575
NIMA/GNS names: Kachan , Kashan , كاشان ,
VARIANT names: Cachan , Caixan , Caixao , Cascian , Cashan , Cassan , Cassian , Caxen , Kachan , Kaschan , Kashan , Katschan , Qasan ,
SOURCE for Cachan
« A la pointe du jour nous apperçumes Cachan, où nous arrivames a 7. heures du matin. Une partie de la caravane alla loger dans la ville, et le refte dans le Caravanferan du fauxbourg. [At daybreak we sighted Cachan, where we arrived at 7 o'clock in the morning. Part of the caravan went to stay in the town, and the rest in the Caravanferan of the suburb.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 182
« Le treiziéme érant partis à deux heures aprés minuit, nôtre courſe fut de neuf heures. Au commencement le chemin fut fort mauvais, et nous trouvámes pluſieurs Villages des habitez, avant que d'arriver à Cachan, dont le Caravanferail eft tres-beau. [The thirteenth departure was at two o'clock after midnight, our journey lasted nine hours. At the beginning the road was very bad, and we encountered several inhabited villages before arriving at Cachan, whose caravanserai is very beautiful.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 71
« Il y a dans Cachan ... les Carvanferas grands et commodes; mais il y en a un entr'autres qui eftoit fort magnifique proche des jardins du Roy à l'entrée de la ville, dans lequel je logeay à mon dernier voyage d'Afie. Tant le Carvanfera que les Jardins font des ouvrages de Chabas I. du nom, et il y fit une fort grande depenfe. Ce Carvanfera à environ 100. pas en quarre, il eſt bati de brique, et à deux étages, et contient prés de fix vingt chambres voutées et d'une raiſonnable grandeur. [In Cachan there are... large and comfortable Carvanferas; but there is one among others that was quite magnificent near the King's Gardens at the entrance to the town, in which I stayed on my last trip to Africa. Both the Carvanfera and the Gardens are the work of Chabas I, and he spent a very large amount on them. This Carvanfera, about 100 paces square, is built of brick, has two stories, and contains nearly twenty vaulted rooms of reasonable size.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 72
SOURCE for Caixan
« in analogous manner, but more evidently, the name of the city of Kashan, rendered once with 'Caixan' and once with 'Caixào', a few lines after (f. 3r). » #3224 Margherita Farina, Giovanni Battista Raimondi's Travel in the Middle East: A Case of Sixteenth-Century Portuguese-Italian Interference, Oriente Moderno, NUOVA SERIE, ~ pp. 55-6
SOURCE for Caixao
« CAIXÃO, cidade de-Kashan, em 33' 59' lat. N. e 51° 30' long. E., capital da província persa do mesmo nome. [Fernão Lopes de Castanheda - História do des- cobrimento e conquista da India pelos Portugueses]. [CAIXÃO, city of Kashan, in 33' 59' N. lat. and 51° 30' E. long., capital of the Persian province of the same name. [Fernão Lopes de Castanheda - History of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portuguese].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. A-C p. 145
« From this city of whatever name, the Portugals, pursuing their course to the Shah of Persia, arrived at the city of Cayxam (Kashan) on the Friday of July 20th 1515 » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970 ~ p. 44
« From here they will depart for Ormuz by another winding road that passes through many towns and places, very useful land with large livestock; they will arrive at the city of Caixão, where they will stay for fifteen days » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p.249
SOURCE for Cascian
« VI. Io dico adunque, che avendo già veduto e osservato in Cascian ciò che di sopra ho scritto, ed essendoci riposati abba-stanza, la domenica a sera del ventotto di gennaio ci partimmo, [VI. I say, then, that having already seen and observed in Cascian what I have written above, and having rested sufficiently, we departed on Sunday evening, the twenty-eighth of January,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 572
SOURCE for Cashan
« and thence to Cashan, a gallant Citie; from Coom six and thirty miles: the way was easie and plaine, but somewhat sandie. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 213
« Cashan is not lesse than York or Norwich, above foure thousand families are accounted in her: the houses are fairely built, the streets be large and comly; the Mosqus and Hummums are curiously painted and ceruleated, with a feigned Turquoise: the Buzzar is spatious and uniforme; furnished with Silks, Damasks, rich Carpets, Sattens, and cloth of gold; no part of the Persian Monarchy shewes better, or more variety, nor a people more exactly industrious. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 214
SOURCE for Cassan
« Odoric expressly says that Kashan, or Cassan,' as he calls it, was 'the city of the Three Kings' and that these worshippers set out from there to Jerusalem, which they reached by divine aid in thirteen days. (4) The passage in the account of Odoric de Por-denone reads as follows: -'DE LA CITÉ DE CASSAN. - De ceste cité m'en alay vers la grant Inde par mer. Si vins par maintes journées a une cité des trois roys qui firent offrande à Jhesu Crist nouvel né. Et appelle on ceste cité de Cassan, cité royal de grant honneur mais Tartre l'ont moult destruite. De cette cité de Cassan jusques en Jherusalem a plus de journées dont on puet clerement appercevoir que ly troy Roy de ceste cité de Cassan furent en XIII journées amené en Jherusa par vertu divine et non humaine. En ceste cité a moult grand hab dance de tous biens, de pain, et de vin et de toutes autres choses.'fn. 4 See Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 41, Paris, 1891. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 412
« Ce fait le Roy voulut aller à SPAHAN ville capitale de Par-thie, elloignée de CASBIN douze iournées les comptant à pas de Carauane, où nous le fuiuifmes. L'on trouue par le chemin beau-coup de bonnes places, comme entr'autres vne, qui eft appellée Com, vne autre dite CASSAN, qui eft plus grande, et plus riche que Com, comme aufli beaucoup de bourgs et villages. Tout cechemin eſt plain et vny, toutesfois d'vn coſté et d'autre on voittou-fiours des montagnes, [This done, the King wished to go to Spahan, the capital city of Parthia, twelve days distant from Casbin, counting them at the pace of Carauane, where we fled. One finds many good places along the way, such as one called Com, another called Cassan, which is larger and richer than Com, as well as many towns and villages. The whole road is flat and winding, however, on one side and the other one always sees mountains.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 133
SOURCE for Cassian
« The 20th daye at night we came to the fayre citie of Cassian (Kashan), lying in the cuntrey of Parthia. On the waye between this citie and the foresayde citie of Comes the cuntrey of the Par-thiance and the Medians are parted. Here we piched in a caravansero that Shaw Abbas built, the fayerest that ever I saw it is big innaw to lodge any king of Chrissendom was all his trayne-hauing traveled 7 lges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Caxen
« Llegose á Caxen, adonde auia gran número de otras mugeres cubiertas con sus mantos blancos, sobre las paredes, varandas y otras partes altas, y ansi se en-tro por la çiudad, aunque fuera de lo que della está rrodeado de muralla, que es alta y muy bien labrada, hasta el Maydan, que es una larga calle, aunque no tanto como la de Xiras, pero mas ancha, con muchos arboles por las vandas á raiz de las paredes, adonde ay algunas casas y dentro grande arboleda de huertas. [He arrived at Caxen, where there were a great number of other women covered with their white cloaks, on the walls, balustrades and other high parts, and thus he entered the city, although outside of what is surrounded by a wall, which is high and very well made, up to the Maydan, which is a long street, although not as long as that of Xiras, but wider, with many trees along the sides at the base of the walls, where there are some houses and inside a large grove of orchards.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 57
SOURCE for Kachan
« Kachan » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
SOURCE for Kaschan
« Malgré la vue de tout le peuple de Kaschan, venu au-devant de nous, y compris la communauté juive, l'im-patience nous prenait un peu d'une route aussi longue, quand, à la fin, nous arrivames, et la première vue de notre logis dissipa comme une fumée notre mécontentement. [Despite the sight of all the people of Kashan, who came to meet us, including the Jewish community, we were a little impatient with such a long journey, when, at last, we arrived, and the first sight of our lodging dissipated our discontent like smoke.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 237
« The 27. we came to the Citie of Kaschan, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
« Kaschan where on the 3 day of Ianuary we arrived to|wards the Evening, taking up our Quarters at a very noble and commodious Carawansera, seeming rather a Palace than an Inn. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 310
SOURCE for Kashan
« I journeyed to Kashan (25), where I stayed for a month, fn. 25 Kashan, Nain, Sirjan and Tarum, Iranian towns. » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109
« Passing the post-house of Mohamedye and Gaz, Kashan came in sight over an undulation in the sand, and we were soon threading the narrow lanes of this, one of the largest business places of Persia. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 295
« thence 12 to Kāshān. Total, from Sävah to Kāshān it is 22 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« we caught sight of the blue domes of the mosques at Kashan that rose with a glimpse of color over the brown plain. Kashan, pronounced in Persian as Kashan, is flanked by mountains and hills on the south, west, and northwest, but on the other sides it lies open to the plain. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 410
« Kashan is one of the hottest places on the great Persian plateau, but has the rare luxury of a good water supply brought from a reservoir some distance off in the Kuhrūd mountains. It has a much-diminished population, said now to number 30,000 souls. Much of it is in ruins, and much more is ruinous. It has a thriving colony of Jews. It is noted for its silks and velvets; but the modern productions are regarded by judges as degenerate. It is still famous for its work in copper and for its great copper bazar. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 230
« Next day brought us to another considerable town- Káshán-after an uneventful march of about seven hours, broken by a halt for lunch at a village called Nasrábád, at which I was supplied with one of the excellent melons grown in the neighbourhood. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 173
« and crawling along in true caravan fashion, entered Káshán soon after sunset, and » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 548
« Sin-Sin to Kashan, 4) ?. ?., 20 ?. ... Enter Kashan by road rudely paved with stones; a considerable town, celebrated for its silk manufactures. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 56
SOURCE for Katschan
« The Persians put this City of Katschan at 84 degrees longitude, and at thirty four distant from the Line. After an exact Observation of three days, I found that it is distant from it thirty three degrees and 51 minutes, that is, nine minutes less. The City is of a great length, reaching from East to West, above half a German League. Its Walls and bastions are of a kind of Potters day, and it lies in a great Plain, the ground of which is good enough for Tillage, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 194
SOURCE for Qasan

R169-055 Fyn : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3063015 coordinate: lat 27.631709 long 55.891871
NIMA/GNS names: Fen , Fin , فن , فين ,
VARIANT names: Fin , Finn , Fyn ,
SOURCE for Fin
SOURCE for Finn
« Après avoir marché vers l'E . pendant une heure , depuis le commencement de la vallée , et avoir franchi un ruisseau qui coule de gauche à droite , nous arrivons àFinn . Ce village , situé sur une butte , est défendu par un mur flanqué de tours , et entouré de fossés pleins d'eau . Il est dominé par un misérable petit fort . [After walking towards the E. After an hour, from the beginning of the valley, and having crossed a stream which flows from left to right, we arrive at Finn. This village, located on a hillock, is defended by a wall flanked by towers, and surrounded by ditches full of water. It is dominated by a miserable little fort.] » » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 382
SOURCE for Fyn
« Des murmures nous passâmes à des sentiments de gratitude très-mérités. On nous avait fait éviter l'air brûlant de la ville et on nous mettait à une demi-heure de là dans un palais nommé Fyn et appartenant au roi.Peu de jardins sont comparables à ceux de ce délicieux séjour. Les plus belles eaux, les plus limpides, les plus fraîches y courent dans des bassins et à travers des ca-rien voir de plus gai. [From murmurs, we moved to feelings of well-deserved gratitude. We had been spared the sweltering city air and taken, half an hour away, to a palace called Fyn, belonging to the king.Few gardens can compare to those of this delightful retreat. The most beautiful, clearest, and freshest waters flow through pools and across canals—one could not imagine anything more cheerful.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 237

R169-056 Schourab
R169-056 Schourab : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Shurab , شوراب ,
VARIANT names: Sarou , Schourab , Shurab ,
SOURCE for Sarou
« Sarou » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
SOURCE for Schourab
« et nous fîmes dans le désert une journée que la sévérité des lieux et une chaleur rai-sonnable rendirent suffisamment austère. Nous mar-châmes quatre heures, et nous arrivâmes à Schourab, très-triste endroit. [And we spent a day in the desert, a day made sufficiently austere by the harshness of the place and a reasonable heat. We marched for four hours and arrived at Shurab, a very dreary place.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 255
SOURCE for Shurab
« Monday, May 18 2.20 P.M. Shurab » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 416

R169-057 Pamyngan
R169-057 Pamyngan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Pa Sangan , Pasangun , Pasanqun , پا سنگان , پسنقون ,
VARIANT names: Pamyngan , Pasangan , Pasangarr , Pasangun , Pasengan , Passanghām , Qaryat al-magus ,
SOURCE for Pamyngan
« Le lendemain on ne fit que trois heures et demie jus-qu'à Pamyngan. Il y aurait bien du mal à en dire si on voulait y réfléchir, mais il vaut mieux passer. [The next day we only traveled three and a half hours to Pamyngan. It would be difficult to say much more if we tried to think about it, but it's best to just move on.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 255
SOURCE for Pasangan
« till we finally reached Pasangán, and took up our quarters at the post-house, which looked more comfortable than the caravansaray. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 171
SOURCE for Pasangarr
« Qaryat al-magus VI BI Pasangarr. Iran. Etape après Qumm sur la route Rayy-Isbahān. I 230; Η 404; Muq 491 C, 492. Schw. 567; Siroux (Routes de Rayy à Isbahān). [Qaryat al-magus VI BI
Pasangarr. Ira n.
Stage after Qumm on the Rayy-Isbahān road.
Schw. 567; Siroux (Roads from Rayy to Isbahān).] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Pasangun
« Monday, May 18 5.15 P.M. Pasangun » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 416
SOURCE for Pasengan
« Kúm to Pasengan, 31 ?. ?., 144 ?. ... From this across barren plain, passing, at a distance of 12 miles, ruined walls of village Pasengan, with post-house and serai. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Passanghām
« A few caravans of camels, and the haram of the Governor of Yezd in closely-covered kajawehs, alone broke the monotony. Before I thought we were half-way we reached the abambars, the small brown caravanserai, and the chapar khana of Passanghām, having ridden in three hours a distance on which I have often expended eight. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 225
SOURCE for Qaryat al-magus

R169-058 Koum : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ghom , Qom , Qum , قم ,
VARIANT names: Com , Comes , Coom , Cum , Khom , Kom , Koum , Kum , Qom , Qum , Qumm ,
SOURCE for Com
« Ce fait le Roy voulut aller à SPAHAN ville capitale de Par-thie, elloignée de CASBIN douze iournées les comptant à pas de Carauane, où nous le fuiuifmes. L'on trouue par le chemin beau-coup de bonnes places, comme entr'autres vne, qui eft appellée Com, vne autre dite CASSAN, qui eft plus grande, et plus riche que Com, comme aufli beaucoup de bourgs et villages. Tout cechemin eſt plain et vny, toutesfois d'vn coſté et d'autre on voittou-fiours des montagnes, [This done, the King wished to go to Spahan, the capital city of Parthia, twelve days distant from Casbin, counting them at the pace of Carauane, where we fled. One finds many good places along the way, such as one called Com, another called Cassan, which is larger and richer than Com, as well as many towns and villages. The whole road is flat and winding, however, on one side and the other one always sees mountains.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 133
« Cette ville a 14. quartiers, et 2100. maifons, dans chacune defquelles il y a un puits, fans compter 300. abenbaars ou citernes. Elle a quatre portes, quatre Bazars, et un Meydeen, plufieurs bains, et un grand nombre de moſquées et del chapelles. [This city has 14 districts and 2100 houses, each with a well, not counting 300 cisterns or granaries. It has four gates, four bazaars, a mosque, several baths, and a large number of mosques and chapels.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 180
« D Es environs de la mon-cagne dont on fait tant de contes, on commença à voir la Ville de Com. Ayant que d'y ar-river, il faut paffer devant cinq endroits de beaucoup d'étenduë, pleins de ruines, dont les débris font encore fort elevez. [From the surroundings of the mountain about which so many tales are told, one began to see the City of Com. Having to arrive there, one must pass in front of five places of great extent, full of ruins, whose debris still stands very high.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 67
SOURCE for Comes
« The 16th daye at night we came to the fayre citie Comes [Qum], weh lieth on a plaine. ... Here we picht in a pomgranet garden, haueing traveled 6 lges, In this towne ther is a fine marked [market] place. Here we stayed the 17th daye. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 65
SOURCE for Coom
« by this wee are entred Coom? where we refresht our
description
PAGE 212
scorched and wearied bodies three dayes: In which time wee could not chuse but gather something.
COOM, (in the latitude of 34 degrees 40 minutes) is a City of good note, in Parthia; placed in the mid-way 'twixt those two royall Cities, Cazbyn and Spawhawn. It is scituate in an ample and faire sandy plain, and yeelds every way an exact horizon. Coom, gives place to no other Towne in Persia for antiquity; the ruines appearing at this day, gaine some be|leife in the inhabitants, whose common saying is, it was once compara|ble to Babylon. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 212
SOURCE for Cum
A 8, á la ora ordinaria, se començó á caminar de es-paçio por no auer hasta Cum mas de quatro leguas, [At 8 o'clock, at the ordinary time, they began to walk from space to Cum but not more than four leagues,]
SOURCE for Khom
« On the 25 we came to the City Khom, and took up our Lodging in a Carawansera near to the great Maydan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 308
SOURCE for Kom
« De là à Kom il y a encore ſept ou huit heures de marche dans des terres feches et des fables falez: mais à une demi-lieuë de Kom la terre eft bonne et de grand rapport. [From there to Kom there is still seven or eight hours' walk through barren lands and barren fields: but half a league from Kom the land is good and of great yield.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 67
« The 19. we travell'd five Leagues,* 11.193 and got in the morning before the City of Kom. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 193
« The third, we came to the Citie of Kom, where we were assign'd lodgings, in very fair houses neer the Basar, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
SOURCE for Koum
« A Koum, tout nous parut fort bien. Les bazars sont vastes et il y a de belles maisons avec de grands jar-dins. La ville a un certain air provincial qui ne déplaît pas. Koum est une ville sainte. Sa mosquée, fort grande, est ornée d'un dome tout doré et de construction mo-derne très-élégante. [In Koum, everything seemed very good to us. The bazaars are vast, and there are beautiful houses with large gardens. The town has a certain provincial air that is quite appealing. Koum is a holy town. Its very large mosque is adorned with a gilded dome and is of very elegant, modern construction.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 256
SOURCE for Kum
« For the golden dot is the dome of the great and most sacred mosque of Kum. Kum is one of those cities to which, renowned for their sanctity, pilgrims flock on their earthly journey towards Paradise. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 296
« Kum is little less than a city of mosques, minarets, madrasahs, and corpses, for, next to Meshad, it is the most famous burial-place in Persia. Its special sanctity is due to the fact that it is the proud possessor of the shrine of Fatima, sister of Imam Riza, the eighth Imam. She was interred here in A.D. 816, and honors are accorded her that Mohammedanism rarely vouchsafes to a woman. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 414
« Kûm, Ash Wednesday, 1890 » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 160
« Kûm, March 23. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 211
« The first of these telegraph stations is at Kum, and thither I at once made my way through the spice-laden twilight of the bazaars. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 168
« Pool-e-dulak to Kúm, 31 1. R., 14 ?.Cross the Gonsir river by brick bridge, thence some 7 miles across barren desert plain, on which but little vegetation is visible. 7 miles, cultivation on left of road, extending to small village, distant about a mile from road. To the right, also, a small hamlet off the road; enter and pass through low bare hillocks and broken ground, with gradual ascent to left bank of Kúm river. Cultivation extends some distance to the right; post-house and serai on bank of river, opposite a brick bridge. Supplies of corn and provisions here abundant. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Qom
SOURCE for Qum
« thence 6 to Qum, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
SOURCE for Qumm

R169-059 Poul-è-Delak
R169-059 Poul-è-Delak : place IRN (bridge) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.795189 long 51.047647 † basis (p) VARIANT names: Delak bridge , Poul-e-Delak , Pul-i-Dallak , SOURCE for Delak bridge « The Delak Bridge dates back to the Safavid period and is located in the central district of Qom city, outside the village of Malekabad. This work was registered on March 19, 2000 with registration number 4869 as one of the national works of Iran. » «pel delak» [accessed 09 Jan 2026] SOURCE for Poul-e-Delak « Nous allâmes coucher à Poul-è-Delak, ou le pont du Barbier.C'est un pont d'une longueur assez considérable, jeté sur un cours d'eau saumâtre suffisamment large, mais peu profond. A l'autre rive, se présente un caravansérail ruiné, et autour quelques masures; en face, un mamelon sur lequel étaient nos tentes. [We went to sleep at Poul-è-Delak, or the Barber's Bridge.It's a bridge of considerable length, spanning a fairly wide but shallow brackish stream. On the opposite bank stands a ruined caravanserai, surrounded by a few hovels; opposite, a small hillock where our tents were pitched.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 258 SOURCE for Pul-i-Dallak « PUL-I-DALLAK-ELEV. 2,820 feet.A bridge over the Kara-Sü or Kara Chai river, 59 miles from Tehran towards Qum. On the left bank of the river is a sarai and post-house. The river has in April a considerable volume of water, though it is brack-ish and muddy; in summer it is quite dry, Supplies are brought here for caravans from Qum. The river is at times considerable, but the water is always brackish; water more palatable is found in a well nearly 2 miles distant. There are no houses but the sarais, though a few nomads wander about in the vicinity.The bridge is strong, well built of brick and paved with stone; near it the banks of the river are covered with bushes and shrubs, particularly barberry trees, and reeds very long, straight, and beautifully tufted or feathered at the top. The water of the river is so brackish as to be almost salt, notwithstanding which cattle drink it.There is a spring of good water at a short distance,Its post-house and caravansarai are now, since the new post-road from Tehran to Qum was opened, deserted. (Schindler.) » #3713 GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOLUME II, Printed at the Government of India Monotype Press,, 1914 ~ p. 478

R169-060 la mer de Khavèr
R169-060 la mer de Khavèr : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: LKN UFI: 219275 coordinate: lat 35.003275 long 50.936487
NIMA/GNS names: Daryacheh-ye Howz Soltan , Daryacheh-ye Howz-e Soltan , Daryacheh-ye Howz-e Soltan , دریاچه حوض سلطان ,
VARIANT names: Daryacheh-ye Howz-e Soltan , la mer de Khaver ,
SOURCE for Daryacheh-ye Howz-e Soltan
SOURCE for la mer de Khaver
« Le lendemain, nous entrâmes dans ce qu'on appelle le désert de Khavèr, autrefois la mer de Khavèr ou d'Orient. ... Daryacheh-ye Howz-e Soltan [The next day, we entered what is called the Khaver Desert, formerly the Sea of ??Khaver or the Sea of ??the East. ... In winter, it's an impassable swamp for caravans, which then skirt the foot of the mountains to the west to reach Isfahan. By the end of June, the ground was completely dry, a rough, muddy mess.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 258

R169-061 Houzé-Sultan
R169-061 Houzé-Sultan : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 35.081772 long 51.111106 † basis (p)
Supplement: karvansaraye hoz saltan کاروانسرای حوض سلطان
VARIANT names: Haouz-e-Sultan , Hous-Sultan , Houze-Sultan , Hoze Soltan Caravanserai (ext.) , Karavanserail Hauz-e Sultan 2 ,
SOURCE for Haouz-e-Sultan
« During the survey of the caravanserais built near the lake—Ali-Abad, Sangui, Kaleh Kermes, and Haouz-e-Sultan—it became apparent to us that the latter two were aligned, thus defining a causeway that should normally have crossed the lake. Dr. Schmidt (director of the American Archaeological Mission at Persepolis) kindly made an observation during one of his aerial tours, which fully confirmed our remark. » #3251 Siroux, Maxime, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières, Imprimerie De L'institut Français D'archeologie Orientale, 1949 ~ p. 139
SOURCE for Hous-Sultan
« Kinaragird to Hous-Sultan, 54 ?. ?., 21 ?. ... Country broken by small ridges and hills, many of which road lies over. 11 miles, ruined serai, with muddy pool of water. From this, by excellent road, cross desert to Hous-Sultan. Post-house; serai newly built; attached to latter a few houses. Before reaching Hous-Sultan, about a mile to the right, is an uninhabited fort. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Houze-Sultan
« Nous mîmes pied à terre à Houzé-Sultan, On n'y voit pas autre chose qu'un caravansérail en ruines, la maison de poste, et un grand puits dans une espèce de pyramide. La pyramide n'est pas mal et ne manque pas de caractère; mais l'eau ne vaut absolument rien. [We landed at Houzé-Sultan. There was nothing to see but a ruined caravanserai, the post house, and a large well in a sort of pyramid. The pyramid itself was quite attractive and had a certain character; but the water was absolutely worthless.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 259
SOURCE for Hoze Soltan Caravanserai (ext.)
SOURCE for Karavanserail Hauz-e Sultan 2
« Karavanserail Hauz-e Sultan (Howz-e Soltan) (Taf. 18,2 und 18,3) (Abb. 3 und 96), an der Strecke von Teheran nach QomLage: Etwa 30 km südlich des Karavanserails Kenargird (Kenargerd) und 30 km nördlich des Karavanserails Sadra-bad, an der safavidischen Straße von Teheran nach Qom und an einer Querverbindung vom Karavanserail Daihr zum Ka-ravanserail Aliabad (westlich des Salzsees von Qom), in +800 m ü.Ν.Ν.Typ: 1. Älterer, wohl safavidischer Bau als Hofkaravan-serail mit zwei Iwanen (Abb. 97) und fünf getrennten Stallungen. 2. Anbau, 2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts als Hofkara vanserail mit vier Iwanen, durchgehenden Stallungen und ei nem von Nischen und Räumen umgebenen Vorhof.3. Ein Caparkhaneh in Hofform, mit schweren Rund. türmen und einer großen Zisterne außerhalb des Karavanse rails.Abmessungen: Das ältere Karavanserail hat 41 × 33 m Außenabmessungen, 14,50 × 11,50 m Hofabmessungen und ist 5,20 m hoch.Der Anbau hat eine äußere Abmessung von 129 × 58 m. Der Hof mißt 42 x 29 m und der Vorhof 53 × 20 m. Der lang-gestreckte Anbau erreicht eine maximale Höhe (ohne die Schornsteine) von 7,50 m (Abb.98 und 99).Das Caparkhaneh hat eine Außenabmessung von 30 x 25 m und die Zisterne einen Durchmesser von 16 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die hochaufra-genden Schornsteine bilden eine bauliche Besonderheit. Die Anlage weist partielle Beschädigungen auf.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Älterer Bau safavidisch - Erweiterungsbau qadjarisch, 2. Hälfte 19. Jahrh. [Hauz-e Sultan Caravanserai (Howz-e Soltan) (Plates 18.2 and 18.3) (Figs. 3 and 96), on the Tehran-Qom routeLocation: Approximately 30 km south of the Kenargird Caravanserai and 30 km north of the Sadra-bad Caravanserai, on the Safavid road from Tehran to Qom and on a connecting road between the Daihr Caravanserai and the Aliabad Caravanserai (west of the Qom Salt Lake), at an elevation of 800 m above sea level.Type: 1. An older, likely Safavid, courtyard caravanserai with two iwans (Fig. 97) and five separate stables.2. Extension, second half of the 19th century, as a courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, continuous stables, and a forecourt surrounded by niches and rooms.3. A courtyard-style caravanserail with heavy round towers and a large cistern outside the caravanserail.Dimensions: The older caravanserail has external dimensions of 41 × 33 m, a courtyard of 14.50 × 11.50 m, and is 5.20 m high.The extension has external dimensions of 129 × 58 m. The courtyard measures 42 × 29 m and the forecourt 53 × 20 m. The elongated extension reaches a maximum height (excluding the chimneys) of 7.50 m (Figs. 98 and 99).The Caparkhaneh has external dimensions of 30 x 25 m, and the cistern has a diameter of 16 m.Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The towering chimneys are a distinctive architectural feature. The structure exhibits some damage.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Older structure Safavid – extension Qajar, second half of the 19th century.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 62

R169-063 Téhéran
R169-063 Téhéran : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLC UFI: -3087341 coordinate: lat 35.705 long 51.4216
NIMA/GNS names: Teheran , Tehran , Tehran , تهران ,
VARIANT names: Teharone , Teheran , Teheraun , Tehran , Theheran , Tihran , Tyroan ,
SOURCE for Teharone
« This daye we came to Teharone [Tehrān], a fine towne lying vpon a playn, beinge very bare, haueing many plesant litle townes round aboute it. This towne is walde round aboute, » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Teheran
Teheran in « Map Teheran to Isfahan » #1116 Curzon, George N., Persia and the Persian Question, Cass: Longmans Green and Co, 1966: 1892, ~ vol. 2 between pp. 2 and 3
« However, once turned in the right direction, they proved excellent animals, and in one and a half hours we were driving through the semi-civilized streets of Teheran. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 299
« ISFAHAN is fair, Shiraz is beautiful, but Teheran - Tahran khaili khub ast-Teheran is very beautiful,' this is the en-comium which I heard bestowed, over and over again, upon the modern capital of Iran as I journeyed northward from Yezd. During a week's stay in the metropolis I found the city sufficiently attractive to make me sympathize, in part at least, with the enthusiasm of the Persians, even if Teheran cannot boast of many of the natural beauties of such a city as Shiraz. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 418
« At length, about sunset, we entered the city by the Derwázé- i-Naw (New Gate), and ... as it was now late, to take up temporary quarters at a caravansaray situated not far from the gate whereby we had entered. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 82
« I was ready to leave Tehran at nine in the morning; » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 5
SOURCE for Teheraun
« The sun rose in fiery splendour over the mountains of Teheraun, but the city itself is in so low a situation, that we could not distinguish it till we were not more than two miles distant. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 pp. 120-1
SOURCE for Tehran
« April 18th.-Left by Shah Abdool Azeem gate, and passed through small suburb of town » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 54
« Tehrán to Kabát Gumbaz, 64 H. R., 22 ?.*August 19th, 1857.-Left the city by the Shahabdoolazheem, or southern gate. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 37
SOURCE for Theheran
« Theheran » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
SOURCE for Tihran
« Just as endurance was on the point of giving way, we turned from the road through a large gateway into the extensive grounds which surround the British Legation, a large building forming three sides of a quadrangle, with a fine stone staircase leading up to the central door. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 181
SOURCE for Tyroan
« for by this time we are hous'd in Tyroan.
TYROAN, by her continued greatnesse and Antiquity seemes to be that Rhazunda, mentioned by Strabo and Ptolomy. It is seated in the midst of a faire large Plain; which albeit it be invironed with hills of stupendious height in most parts at good distance, yet some wayes it affoords a delicate Horizon. The ayre here is fresh and sweet in the morning and towards Sunset, but in the Sunnes perpendicular glances, wee found it hot and ra|ging: the houses are of white bricks, hardned in the Sunne; above three thousand houses are numbred in Tyroan; of which, the Dukes and Buzzar are the fairest and most observable; » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 193

R169-061a Schahabdoulasym
R169-061a Schahabdoulasym : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: SHRN UFI: -3083898 coordinate: lat 35.585017 long 51.435809
NIMA/GNS names: Chah 'Abd ol-'Azim , Emamzadeh `Abd ol `Azim , Shah `Abd ol `Azim , امامزاده عبد العظيم , شاه عبد العظيم , شاه عبدالعظيم ,
VARIANT names: Schahabdoulasym , Shah `Abd ol `Azim , Shah Abdu Azim , Shah Abdul Azim , Shah 'Abdu'l-Azim ,
SOURCE for Schahabdoulasym
« J'avais beau chercher Téhéran, je ne l'apercevais nulle part. En avançant, mes yeux démêlèrent au loin l'empla-cement de Rey, l'ancienne Rhagès de la Bible, et le sol tourmenté que couvrent les ruines immenses de cette ville célèbre; je vis ensuite Schahabdoulasym, dont le dôme doré brillait au soleil au travers des massifs de verdure qui entourent cette jolie bourgade; mais Téhéran se cachait. [I searched high and low for Tehran, but I could see it nowhere. As I advanced, my eyes discerned in the distance the site of Rey, the ancient Rhages of the Bible, and the tormented ground covered by the immense ruins of this famous city; Next, I saw Schahabdoulasym, whose golden dome shone in the sunlight through the mounds of greenery surrounding this pretty little town; but Tehran remained hidden.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 263
SOURCE for Shah `Abd ol `Azim
SOURCE for Shah Abdu Azim
« En vez de ir al Sur, camino de Savah, nos dirigiamos hacia el S. S. O. Extrañándolo, interrogué al guía, y dijo que éra conveniente hacer la primera parada muy cerca del punto de partida, por si algo se ha olvidado, subsañar la falta en breve tiempo, ? que, conforme á práctica tan universal, se detienen en Shah Abdul Azim los viajeros que parten de Teherán, implorantó á la vez proteccion del santo allí enterrado. [Instead of going south towards Savah, we were heading south-southwest. Surprised, I questioned the guide, and he said that it was convenient to make the first stop very close to the starting point, in case something had been forgotten, to remedy the deficiency in a short time, and that, according to such a universal practice, travelers departing from Tehran stop at Shah Abdul Azim, and at the same time he implored the protection of the saint buried there.] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 8
SOURCE for Shah Abdul Azim
« In the evening, when I was hoping that Tihran was at hand, we reached the town of Shah Abdul Azim, built among the ruins of an ancient city, either Rhages or Rhei. The gilded dome is the shrine of Abdul Azim, and is a great place of pilgrimage of the picnic order from Tihran. The one railroad of Persia runs from the capital to this town. As we floundered in darkness along wide roads planted with trees, there was the incongruity of a railway whistle, and with deep breathing and much glare an engine with some carriages passed near the road, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 178
SOURCE for Shah 'Abdu'l-Azim
« Our progress not being hampered by the presence of the baggage, we advanced rapidly, and before 4 P.M. rode through the gate of the city of refuge, Shah ' Abdu'l - Azim. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 159

R168-000 Nooshky
R168-000 Nooshky : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Nushki ,
VARIANT names: Nooshky , Nushki ,
SOURCE for Nooshky
« I left Nooshky on the 22d of March, and crossing small sand hills, stopped for Jooma Khan at a small pool of rain water, which although dirty was fresh; » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 403
SOURCE for Nushki

R168-001 Gholam Shah
R168-001 Gholam Shah : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: SPNG UFI: -2760984 coordinate: lat 29.35 long 65.3666667
NIMA/GNS names: Ghulam Shah ,
VARIANT names: Gholam Shah , Ghulam Shah ,
SOURCE for Gholam Shah
« 23d March. Rising before day light we marched westerly, and crossed what was once a fine tract, but now, from drought, a waste. We halted to breakfast at the ruins of Gholam Shah: part of the town still remains; we found here a small tank of rain water, » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 403
SOURCE for Ghulam Shah

R168-002 Chaguy
R168-002 Chaguy : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: RUIN UFI: 13499505 coordinate: lat 29.288512 long 64.704224
NIMA/GNS names: Chagai ,
VARIANT names: Chagai , Chaguy ,
SOURCE for Chagai
SOURCE for Chaguy
« This jungle is called Chaguy, there is a fine pasture in it; and within one day’s journey to the southward are salt water pools very narrow but deep. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 404

R168-003 Pullaluk
R168-003 Pullaluk : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Palalak , Pulalak ,
VARIANT names: Palalak , Pullaluk ,
SOURCE for Palalak
SOURCE for Pullaluk
« The Helmind river runs from Kandahar south-west and westerly into Seistan, where it takes a circuit round the hills about four days' journey from Dooshak, and forms a lake. At Pullaluk it is about four hundred yards wide, very deep, with uncommonly fine water. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 406

R168-004 Rudbar
R168-004 Rudbar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Rudbar ,
VARIANT names: Rodbar , Rudbar ,
SOURCE for Rodbar
« 31st March. We arrived this day at Rodbar, and put up at the Toomu of Lunyar Khan, the head of the Towkee tribe of Belooches. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 406
SOURCE for Rudbar

R168-005 Poolkee
R168-005 Poolkee : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: RUIN UFI: -3386242 coordinate: lat 30.6 long 61.8833333
NIMA/GNS names: Palangi ,
VARIANT names: Palangi , Poolkee ,
SOURCE for Palangi
SOURCE for Poolkee
« At night we slept in the ruins of a very large city called Poolkee; here a few men who reside in the ruins made an attempt to steal my camels, but luckily they fixed on one belonging to my guide, Jooma Khan, which they carried off. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 406

R168-006 Joaeen
R168-006 Joaeen : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Jawain , Joveyn , Juwain , Lase Jowayn , Lash , Lash Jovayn , Lash-e Joveyn , Laso-joayn ,
VARIANT names: Joaeen , Lash-e Joveyn ,
SOURCE for Joaeen
« we therefore did so, and at thirty-four miles halted in the ruins of the old town of Joaeen in the Zillah of Oke. We had our cattle in the ruins, and lay down to sleep supperless, being afraid to light a fire, lest the smoke should point out our situation to the straggling bands of robbers who infest this country. 9th ofApril This morning we went over to the fort and inhabited » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 409
SOURCE for Lash-e Joveyn

R168-007 Furrah
R168-007 Furrah : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Farah ,
VARIANT names: Farah , Farra , Ferra , Furrah , Parra , Phra ,
SOURCE for Farah
« 19. Farah (10 miles 4 furlongs-236 miles 4 furlongs). All supplies procurable. » #3508 Angus Hamilton, Afghanistan, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1906 ~ p. 334
« De Zela à Farah, ville.. 10 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Farra
« The 5th four p. and the 6th five p. to Farra.(13)
fn. 13 Farra, the capital of a district of the same name in the north of Segistan, is in lat. 32° 40' N. long. 62° 40' Ε.-Ε. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 214
SOURCE for Ferra
« Den 2. Septemb. reiseten wir biß nach Ferra, Den 3. Septemgieng ich in die Stadt. Sie lieget ganz eben/ hat einen ber. tieffen Graben/und hat keine schönere Gebäude/als den Wohnplaß des Chans. Man leitet viel Wasser aus dem vorbeyfliessenden Strom in dieStadt.Deswegen wach-fen die Baum undWein-Garten-Fruchte in eine fast uns glaubliche Grösse. [On September 2nd, we traveled to Ferra. On September 3rd, I entered the city. It lies entirely flat, has a very deep moat, and has no more beautiful buildings than the Khan's residence. A great deal of water is channeled into the city from the river flowing past. Therefore, the fruits of the trees and vineyards grow to a size almost unbelievable to us.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Furrah
« Furrah » in {map#1329 Persia with part of the Ottoman Empire, Walker, John, 1831, David Rumsey Map Collection list no: 11298.018}
« Direct Road from Furrah to Nishapoor. » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 437
« No forage procurable, though contiguous to Eliasabad, a small village. 10th of April- This day we got to Furrah, and rode straight to the house of Ibrahim Khan, for whom I had the forged letter. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 410
SOURCE for Parra
« he 24. day wee trauelled some 6. forsongs to a faire Citie called Parra, where we staied 22. daies for a Coffe|loe or Conuoy, my selfe being also sicke there, there is great trade of merchandize, and great store of raw silke which in the Persian tongue is called Auerisham. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 51
« Parra is a Citie of great traffique, but especially for raw silke. Here we rested two and twenty dayes onely for a Caravan. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 85
SOURCE for Phra
owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Phra, 62.116669, 32.366669, AF, nkn, exact, 500, tmcIRa0100_006a »

R168-005h Peshawuroon
R168-005h Peshawuroon : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: RUIN UFI: 10832738 coordinate: lat 31.523315 long 61.539807
NIMA/GNS names: Pishawran , پشوران ,
VARIANT names: Peshawuroon , Pishawran ,
SOURCE for Peshawuroon
« Throughout the forenoon we made, at an easy trot, twenty-five miles; when we arrived at the ruins of the city of Peshawuroon, which are of immense extent, we rode directly through them for upwards of five miles. A little farther on we came to the tomb of Syud Ikbal: here is a well of sulphurous water. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 409
SOURCE for Pishawran

R168-007a Unardurru
R168-007a Unardurru : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Anar Darrah , Anar Darreh , Anardara , Anardarra , Saykh Abad ,
VARIANT names: Anardara , Unardurru ,
SOURCE for Anardara
SOURCE for Unardurru
« At twenty-one miles we came to a range of hills, and entering a "Rood Khanu," or river bed, arrived at Unardurru, the most beautiful and romantic spot possible to be conceived. Unardurru is a small town built on a rivulet, in a valley half a mile in width, between lofty bare rocks. At the base of these rocks, on one side, are the houses, and on the opposite side are gardens full of apricot, mulberry, peach, apple, pear, and other fruit trees. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 411

R168-008 Okul : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Aokal , Awkal , Owkal ,
VARIANT names: Aokal , Okul ,
SOURCE for Aokal
SOURCE for Okul
« At seventeen miles we left the road, and striking to the right of it, halted about thirty-two miles from Unardurru, in a dry water-course near the village of Okul. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 412

R168-009 Heerat
R168-009 Heerat : place AFG
NIMA/GNS names: Herat , Shahr-e Herat ,
VARIANT names: Alexandria Areion , Alexandria of the Arrians , Artacoana , Heerat , Herat , Here, Ere ,
SOURCE for Alexandria Areion
owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Alexandria Areion, 62.2, 34.333, IR, nkn, exact, 60, tmcIRa0100_005a »
SOURCE for Alexandria of the Arrians
Already old when Alexander named it. One of the principal marts of central Asia #334 p. 312
SOURCE for Artacoana
Alexandria (Herat) Afghanistan.
Founded in 330, at Artacoana, capital of the province of that name at, or near, Herat on the Hari river.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites
Edited by: Richard Stillwell
SOURCE for Heerat
« We mounted early and marched twenty-five miles before we breakfasted at a small Zearutgah, after which eight miles more brought us to the city of Heerat, the intermediate country bare except in the vicinity of the different villages. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 413
SOURCE for Herat
« 27. Herat (3 miles 180 yards-367 miles 3 furlongs). » #3508 Angus Hamilton, Afghanistan, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1906 ~ p. 334
« 37. Herat (3 miles-400 miles 4 furlongs). » #3508 Angus Hamilton, Afghanistan, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1906 ~ p. 335
« Herát to Zindajan, 24 ?., 134 ?. ?.* Road leaves Herat by Goortachak gate, and, passing by ruins of Masella, points straight to the hills for about a mile, then, turning abruptly to the w., skirts the hills that bound valley on the w. side. At 4 miles passed small village of Meerferoosh; 4 miles beyond this Killa Kashee; » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 48
SOURCE for Here, Ere
« Partendo di qua el se ense de la Persia e vassi ad Ere, (301) terra posta ne la regione de Zagatai. fn. 301. Ere Häri o Herat, l'antica Aria. (Lo.) 302. figliol... del soldan Bossaith = figlio del sovrano timuride Abū Sa'id ibn Muhammad ibn Miränshah ibn Timur, che regnava sulla Transoxiana, sul Turkestan e su parte della Persia nord-orientale. Successe al padre, dopo che questi fu giustiziato nel 1468, e regnò fino alla morte, eccorsa nel 1493 per mano dell'uzbeco Shaibani Khan. (Lo.) [Leaving from here he departed from Persia and went to Ere, (301) a land situated in the region of Zagatai. fn. 301. Ere Häri or Herat, the ancient Aria. (Lo.) 302. son... of the sultan Bossaith = son of the Timurid ruler Abū Sa'id ibn Muhammad ibn Miränshah ibn Timur, who reigned over Transoxiana, Turkestan and part of north-eastern Persia. He succeeded his father, after the latter was executed in 1468, and reigned until his death in 1493 at the hands of the Uzbek Shaibani Khan. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 142

R168-010 Sekhwan
R168-010 Sekhwan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sakiban , Sekiban , Shaikhban , Shekeyban-e Tajeki , Shekiban ,
VARIANT names: Sekhwan , Shekiban ,
SOURCE for Sekhwan
« At twelve miles we picketted our horses, and lay down to sleep. We moved on again before day-light westerly, passed the large village of Sekhwan at twenty-two miles, and going one mile through it, stopped at a small dervishes’ village: » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 417
SOURCE for Shekiban

R168-011 Ghoorian
R168-011 Ghoorian : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ghorian , Ghoryan , Ghurian , Ghuryan , Gorian ,
VARIANT names: Ghoorian , Ghorian ,
SOURCE for Ghoorian
« We halted for two hours, and advanced in the afternoon twelve miles, to Ghoorian, a large town abounding with water, grain, and forage, thirty-five miles from Heerat. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ pp. 417-8
SOURCE for Ghorian
« To Ghorzan, 13 M., 6 C. H. Road and soil similar to that of yesterday, along the banks of river. distant some 2 or 3 miles to the right, extensive cultivation: the upper part of valley through which the road lies barren and uncultivated. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 48

R168-012 Khaff : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Khaf , Khvaf , Qasabeh-ye Rud , Rud , Rui Khaf , Ruy , خواف ,
VARIANT names: Khaf , Khaff ,
SOURCE for Khaf
SOURCE for Khaff
« 21st, 22d, and 23d May. The former day we got to Relate Nadir, where there is plenty of water and forage. Thence we made a march through a very hilly country, and on the third day, after passing a very extensive bare plain, arrived at Khaff. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 418
« Karat to Khaff, 24 ?., 11 ?. ?.Stony road through hills along banks of stream: in bed high grass and jungle; water good and plentiful. At distance of about 6 miles pass a stone turret on left of road on summit of small hill. Snow still remained on northern side of banks and hills close to road. The wheel-tracks of guns, on their return from late siege of Herat, still visible in parts of road. 7 miles, highest point reached after gradual ascent. From here watershed to west-ward; the road before reaching rather heavy owing to melted snow. At about 14 miles road debouches on extensive plain, with gradual descent to town of Khauff. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 49

R168-013 Sherawan
R168-013 Sherawan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sajawand , Sejavand , Sijavand , سجاوند , سیجاوند ,
VARIANT names: Sejavand , Sherawan ,
SOURCE for Sejavand
SOURCE for Sherawan
« 24th May. We this day altered the direction of our course to north-west, and skirting the hills on the left of the road, crossed a fine cultivated plain. We passed several villages, and halted at Sherawan, thirty-four miles. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 418

R168-014 Skar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Rash Khar , Rashkhvan , Rashtkhvar , Roshkhvar , Roshtehkhvar , Roshtkhar , Roshtkhvar , Rushkar , رشتخوار ,
VARIANT names: Rushkar , Skar ,
SOURCE for Rushkar
SOURCE for Skar
« 25th, 26th, and 27th May. Our march on the 25th was north-westerly only twelve miles, as I was obliged to halt, on account of a fever which I had had for several days, at a fine village called Skar, that is famous for the almonds it produces. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 418

R168-015 Sungoon
R168-015 Sungoon : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sangan , Sangun , Sangun-e Bala , سنگان ,
VARIANT names: Sangan , Sungoon ,
SOURCE for Sangan
SOURCE for Sungoon
« My intention otherwise was to have gone on eight miles farther to Sungoon, where I arrived on the 26th. At Sungoon the water is brackish and the country hilly. We moved on the 27th, north-west and westerly, and at sixteen miles arrived at Tujurrood, a compact village among hills. These three stages, from Sherawan to Tujurrood, may be performed by a horseman in one day with great ease. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 418
« pass on left small hamlets of Assabad, Roodkhir, and Jaffirabad, the latter considered half-way between Kooshear and Sungoon: » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 50

R168-031 Yezdawah
R168-031 Yezdawah : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FRM UFI: -3067382 coordinate: lat 32.03159 long 54.198724
NIMA/GNS names: Hojjatabad , Hojjatabad-e `Olya , Ja`afarabad , Ja`far Abad Rastaq , Ja`farabad , Mahalleh-ye Hojjatabad , جعفر آباد , حجت آباد , حجت آباد علیا , محله حجت آباد ,
VARIANT names: Hojjatabad , Jesdeſchat , Pahanauens (?) , Yezdawah ,
SOURCE for Hojjatabad
SOURCE for Jesdeſchat
« Die Nacht des leßten Tages dieses Monats theileten wir mit der Reise und der Ruhe im Dorffe Jesdefchat. [We spent the night of the last day of this month traveling and resting in the village of Jesdefchat.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 63
SOURCE for Pahanauens (?)
« The 28. day we went some 5. forsongs to a Towne called Pahanauens where we rested 2. daies and two nights.There is great store of raw silke, or Auerisham as they call it. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52
SOURCE for Yezdawah
« At fourteen miles I passed through a large village called Eshkidur, and winding over sand-hills, altered my course more northerly. At twenty-four miles arrived at Yezdawah, a small town, the country around well cultivated, and affording plenty of water. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422

R168-032 Myboot
R168-032 Myboot : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Maibud , Meybod , ميبد ,
VARIANT names: Maibud ,
SOURCE for Maibud
« Sundown found us in Maibud, which Yakut and other early Oriental geographers, who wrote before the thirteenth century, locate at a distance of ' ten farsakhs from the borders of Yezd and the same distance from Akdah.' (2) fn 2 Yakut, p. 555 ; of. also p. 404. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 402
« Yezd to Meybút or Meybud, where I arrived about 2 P.M., after a two hours' halt at Izzábád to visit an acquaintance, ten parasangs. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547

R168-033 Ardakoo
R168-033 Ardakoo : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3053575 coordinate: lat 32.310011 long 54.017474 NIMA/GNS names: Ardakan , Ardekan , اردکان , VARIANT names: Ardakan , Ardakoo , Ardecan , Erdekan , Godanna (?) , SOURCE for Ardakan « In Yazd I had sold one horse and bought two, one of which I now gave in part payment for this Ardakan animal. I was now the master of three horses and a pony. Ardakan has a population of about 10,000. There is a saying that Yazd is a large village, and Ardakan a small city » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 2 p. « Titel: Sangar, Fars Province 1989 - Plan view and section through court type caravansaries in Sangar at the road Shiraz - Ardakan - Yasudj » [accessed 11 Apr 2025] « I heard that the road from Nain to Tabbas across the Eavir or Great Salt Desert was very difficult, in consequence of the want of water, and that the road, though difficult, was better by Ardakan. I therefore went to Ardakan, which is a place of some 20,000 inhabitants, situated not far from the Eavir or Great Persian Salt Desert. A road leads from Ardakan across the desert, which is used by pilgrims from Southern Persia to the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza at Mash-had. At this season the pilgrim caravans are not very numerous, as the heat in the desert is still very great, and this is the time when there is least water. ... Ardakan is surrounded by high walls of the most flimsy description. They look exactly as if they were made of the sort of gingerbread known as "parliament," and they were cut into a serrated pattern at the top, which still further increased their resemblance to gingerbread. These walls are, however, only meant to resist an attack of people unprovided with artillery, so they are sufficie?t. Ardakan carries on a good trado with India, and many of the people have visited that country in the course of business. I stayed at the caravanserai in this town, and was not recognised in any way. Within a few miles of Ardakan, the desert country commences, and in every clirection there is nothing but barren, stony hills, and equally barren plains. Many of these hills are of a peculiar colour. They are generally composed » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 515 SOURCE for Ardakoo « 25th June. Twelve miles to the small village of Myboot, contiguous to a range of hills on the left; to the right the country is well cultivated. Eight miles hence is Ardakoo, a large village; and ten further, the village of Tafta. At thirty miles I arrived at Oogda. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422 SOURCE for Ardecan « The 8th, eight p. to Ardecan, where we rested till the 10th, » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 216 « Ardecan Ardakān » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 1 p. lix SOURCE for Erdekan « Die-fer hatte ihnen die Freiheit mit ihrer Festung/davon die Uberbleibungen noch zu sehen/genommen/von hieraus reiseten wir den 30. ins Dorff Erdekan und fanden einen Ort/welcher wegen vieler Früchte/volckreicher Hands lung/und klarem Wasser/sehr merckwürdig ist. [This had taken away their freedom with their fortress/the remains of which can still be seen/from here we traveled on the 30th to the village of Erdekan and found a place/which is very remarkable because of its many fruits/busy trade/and clear water.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 62-3 SOURCE for Godanna (?) « The 8. day we truealled some 14. forsongs to a Towne called Godanna: where we rested that night and the next day and night, and here is also great store of raw silke. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52

R168-034 Tafta : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FRM UFI: -3057221 coordinate: lat 32.3768 long 53.793
NIMA/GNS names: Chafta , Chafteh , چفته ,
VARIANT names: Chafta , Chifte , Tafta ,
SOURCE for Chafta
SOURCE for Chifte
« Thence to Chifté, which we reached about 5 P.M., six parasangs. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547
SOURCE for Tafta
« 25th June. Twelve miles to the small village of Myboot, contiguous to a range of hills on the left; to the right the country is well cultivated. Eight miles hence is Ardakoo, a large village; and ten further, the village of Tafta. At thirty miles I arrived at Oogda. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422

R168-035 Oogda : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Aqda , Aghda , عقدا ,
VARIANT names: Agda , Agdah , Agea Gaurnme , Agea Gaurume , Aghda , Akdah , Hemda (?) , Oogda ,
SOURCE for Agda
« Agda. It is a large village, with a high mud fort, partly in ruins, where we were assigned quarters. Agda is remarkable for its noble caravansarai and abam-bar, built by a merchant of Rasht thirty years ago, and for a large spring in a hollow under the fort. The spring is fed from the mountains, and in a cleft of them, twelve miles distant, a patch of green denotes the village of Hasanabad, watered by a perennial brook. The Zabit of Agda was an old man, and indisposed to receive strangers; nevertheless he did violence to his disposition, and treated us with great civility. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 2 p. 7-8
« Der 29. Julii brachte uns gen Agda, und lieferte uns Datteln/Feigen/überaus grosse Melonen und dieersten Weintrauben. [The 29th of July brought us to Agda, and delivered to us dates, figs, extremely large melons, and the first grapes.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 62
SOURCE for Agdah
« A mid-day halt on this journey was made for an hour at Akdah, or Agdah, which is described by Yakut as 'a town on the borders of the desert of Yezd.' (4)fn. 4 Yakut, pp. 404, 555. The older form of the name is generally given as 'Ukdah in the Arab geographies. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 403
SOURCE for Agea Gaurnme
« Agea Gaurnme Agda (?) » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 1 p. lix
SOURCE for Agea Gaurume
« The llth, three p. to a small castle named Agea Gaurume. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 216
SOURCE for Aghda
« Thence to Aghdá, where we arrived about half an hour after dusk, four parasangs. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547
SOURCE for Akdah
SOURCE for Hemda (?)
« The 10. day we trauelled some 20. forsongs to a Town called Hemda, where are great store of Grapes and Muskmillions. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52
SOURCE for Oogda
« Oogda is a small village of about one hundred and sixty houses, with a good Suraé, situated on the edge of a desert between two ranges of mountains, running north-west and south-east. Here the authority of the governor of Yezd terminates. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422

R168-036 Charbashee
R168-036 Charbashee : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: FT UFI: -3077219 coordinate: lat 32.683 long 53.3249
NIMA/GNS names: Nau Gumbad , Nau Gumbaz , Now Gombad , Now Gonbad , نو گمبد , نو گنبد ,
VARIANT names: Charbashee , little village , Nao Gumbaz , Nau Gumbad , Nau Gumbaz , Naw-Gunbuz , Nu-Gumbaz , Orrinkca (?) ,
SOURCE for Charbashee
« 26th June. Moved west and west by south, over the desert. At twenty-seven miles, the village of Charbashee. There is a small Suraé here; the water bad, but forage cheap. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422
SOURCE for little village
« The 14. day we went but 4. forsongs to a little village. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52
SOURCE for Nao Gumbaz
« Nao Gumbaz » in {map#1341 in #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.) 3:9:513-46 ~ fig. Map of Khorasan and neighbouring countries}
SOURCE for Nau Gumbad
SOURCE for Nau Gumbaz
« night when we set out on our nine-farsakh march to Naugumbaz. This is sheer desert, and used to be dangerous. A glance at the map will show a great break in the Siyah Kuh hills opposite Agda. Through this break, under the mountain called Siyah Kuh par excellence, Biluchi marauders used to swoop down upon the exposed portion of the Yazd-Isfahan road between Agda and Nain. Naugumbaz fort and caravansarai are midway, and caravans arriving safely there were accustomed to look towards Siyah Kuh for guidance as to their further movements. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 2 p. 8
SOURCE for Naw-Gunbuz
« we started by bright moonlight, and reached the desolate post-house of Naw-Gunbuz (whence a road leads to Isfahan) half an hour before sunrise on 1st September (nine parasangs). » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547
SOURCE for Nu-Gumbaz
« Darkness was falling and a storm approaching when I reached the chapar-khanah at Nu-Gumbaz — a dreary and desolate place. I » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 404
« afternoon for an hour's rest and a cup of tea at the temporary camp they had set up, some miles south of Nu-Gumbaz. Darkness was falling and a storm approaching when I reached the chāpār-khānah at Nu-Gumbaz - a dreary and desolate place. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 404
SOURCE for Orrinkca (?)
« The 13. day we went 6. or 7. forsongs to a Towne called Orrinkca, a lodging Towne. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52

R168-037 Gutchkoo
R168-037 Gutchkoo : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Gachi , Kachi , گچی ,
VARIANT names: Gachi , Gutchkoo ,
SOURCE for Gachi
SOURCE for Gutchkoo
« At twenty-seven miles halted at Gutchkoo, a large village with a Suraé and abundance of every thing. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422

R168-037a Houz or cistern
R168-037a Houz or cistern : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none UFI: 9990 coordinate: lat 32.733358 long 52.68038 † basis (p)
Supplement: ab anbar آب انبار
VARIANT names: ab anbar , Houz or cistern ,
SOURCE for ab anbar
SOURCE for Houz or cistern
« at six miles the village of Mooshkynoon, and three miles in advance from it is a Houz or cistern of good water. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422

R168-038 Mooshkynoon
R168-038 Mooshkynoon : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mashgenan , Moshgenan , Moshgnan , Moshkenan , Mushkanan , Mushkinan , مشکنان ,
VARIANT names: Mashkinan , Mooshkynoon , Mushkanan ,
SOURCE for Mashkinan
« Mashkinan » in {map#1341 in #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.) 3:9:513-46 ~ fig. Map of Khorasan and neighbouring countries}
SOURCE for Mooshkynoon
« 28th June. From Gutchkoo moved on three miles between hills, then opened out on a plain, a ridge of mountains in front, about twenty-five miles, good road, due west; at six miles the village of Mooshkynoon, and three miles in advance from it is a Houz or cistern of good water. Thence it is nine miles to Koopah, where I halted a good Suraé here, built by Shah Abbass the Great. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422
SOURCE for Mushkanan

R168-039 Koopah
R168-039 Koopah : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013244 coordinate: lat 32.7136 long 52.4398
NIMA/GNS names: Kuh Pa , Kuhpayeh , Qohpayeh , کوهپایه ,
VARIANT names: Coopa , Cupa , Koopah , Kuh Pa ,
SOURCE for Coopa
« The 16th, to Coopa, five p. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 216
SOURCE for Cupa
« Den folgenden Tag kamen wir gen Cupa, cine/mit gutem Wasser/schonen Garten/und andern noth wendigen Dingen wohlversehen versehene Stad. Sie gehöret dem Mehemet Beg, einem Juspaſchi. [The following day we came to Cupa, a town well-provided with good water, beautiful gardens, and other necessary things. It belongs to Mehemet Beg, a Juspaſchi.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 62
SOURCE for Koopah
« Thence it is nine miles to Koopah, where I halted a good Suraé here, built by Shah Abbass the Great. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422
SOURCE for Kuh Pa

R168-041 Isfahan
R168-041 Isfahan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Aspadana , Esfahan , Esfehan , Isfahan , اصفهان ,
VARIANT names: al-Yahudiyya , A-su-pau-han , Esfahan , Gabæ , Hispaham , Hispahan , Hispahone , Isbahan , Isfahan , Ispahan , Ispahaun , Ispahawne , I-ssi-fa-hang , Julfa , Sipahan , Spaan , Spahan , Spahaune , Spahawn , Spahone , Ya-ssi-pau-hien ,
SOURCE for al-Yahudiyya
« al-Yahūdiyya V D3 La ville actuelle d'Isfahan. Iran. Ce toponyme désigne en principe la moitié Ouest d'Isbahän, mais il est souvent employé pour dési-gner la capitale (qasaba) tandis qu'Isbahān désigne la circonscription (kūra). I 198, 199; Η 362; Hur 58; Y 274; R 90(g); Muq 7, 23, 26, 51, 388, 389, 397, 398, 399(d), 400, 401, 402, 457-58, 459, 491 ?. Yaq IV, 1045; LS 203-204; Schw. 586 + index. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 45
SOURCE for A-su-pau-han
« same as Ya-ssi-pau-hien in Amoy dialect » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Esfahan
SOURCE for Gabæ
#836 p. 13
SOURCE for Hispaham
« Prés huit heures de courſe nous aurivâmes ſur les dix heu res du matin à Hiſpaham. [After nearly eight hours of racing, we arrived at Hispaham around ten o'clock in the morning.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 77
SOURCE for Hispahan
« And so we arrived at Hispahan. Hispahan is one of the greatest Cities in Persia, where the King sometimes keepeth his residencie. The people are industrious and curious in all Sciences, but especially in weaving Girdles and Shashes, in making of Velvets, Sattens, Dammasks, very good Ormuzines, and Persian Carpets of a wonderfull fine-nesse. Here you may buy all manner of Drugs, and Spices, and Turkeses, with store of Pearles, Diamonds, and Rubies, as also all sorts of Silkes, as well wrought, as raw. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 pp. 84-5
SOURCE for Hispahone
« This daye we came from Hispahone [Ispahan], being the last of Aprill, to Botoon [?J 1 som two leauges from the citye.
fn. 1 Not traced. Della Valle gives Bertabad in this neighbourhood. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 45
SOURCE for Isbahan
SOURCE for Isfahan
« Iṣfahān 4. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
« and from the village of Sin it is 4 leagues to Isfahan city » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« finally 4 leagues to Isfahan. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 167
« I felt almost inclined to question my eyes when I actually caught sight of the ruined fire-temple. The deserted shrine stands on the top of a hill which rises about seven hundred feet sharply above the plain at a distance of three or four miles from Isfahan. The ascent is by a winding path which starts from the southeastern slope of the elevation and proceeds by a series of natural steps formed by ledges of the unhewn rock. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 253
« Inside the shabby gateway the road to Julfa lies among rows of mean mud houses, heaps of ruins, and shabby provision bazars; and that mile or more of Isfahan was the one disagreeable part of the journey. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 244
« The aggregate distance from Yezd to Isfahan I computed to be a hundred and seventy-seven miles. The course principally west, and the road good. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 423
« je ne parlerai dans cette route que de mon dernier voyage, lorsque je partis d'Ispahan pour les Indes le vingt-quatrième de février 1665. [I will only speak in this passage of my last voyage, when I left Isfahan for India on the twenty-fourth of February 1665.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Ispahan
« avoir fait trois lieuës dans des campagnes graffes et fertiles on arrive à Ifpahan. [Having traveled three leagues through rough and fertile countryside, one arrives at Ifpahan.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73
« Et de la a Ispahan اصفهان sans aucune ville dans l'intervalle, go milles. [And from there to Isfahan (اصفهان), with no town in between, 6 miles.] » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 2 p. 166
« At last we emerged from the bazaars into the fine spacious square called Meydán- i- Shah. On our right hand as we entered it was the 'Alí Kápí (Supreme Gate), which is the palace of the Zillu ' s -Sultán, the Prince Governor of Isfahan, of whom I have already spoken » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 196
« We were conducted through several streets, through the Maidan, and before the Kings Pa|lace, to that part of the Suburbs which is called Tzulifa, where we were lodg'd in the Quar|ter of the chiefest of the Armenian Merchants, who are Christians, and have their habitations there. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197
« the 16. of Ianuary I left Ispa|han, with a retinue of three persons, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
« HAving stay'd the most part of 2 Days at Ruk, we set forward again, and on the 19 we came to the long-wishd-for Ispahan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 313
« Reise von Isfahan nach Persepolis und Schinas anno 1683 in November [Journey from Isfahan to Persepolis and Schinas in November 1683] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 85
« je me résolus de me rendre à Ispahan, le plus tôt que je pourrois, et j'y arrivai le 2 juillet, fatigué et abattu autant qu'on le peut être. [I resolved to go to Isfahan as soon as I could, and I arrived there on July 2nd, as tired and dejected as one can be.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 91
« From Guz to Ispahan through cultivated plains. Road crossed by numerous streams of water » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Ispahaun
« After we had received their Complements, they undertook to be both our Guide and Guard to Ispahaun, Three Miles farther, defending us against the unwary Insults of Thieves, with which this place is infested » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 239
SOURCE for Ispahawne
« The twenty fourth day, we entred into the City where wée staied eleuen or twelue daies.This City of Ispahawne, is a gallant City, and one of the principall Cities of Persia, and aboundeth in traffique of all sorts of Merchandize. There are ma|ny great Surroies, where are houses made of purpose for the laying in and kéeping of Merchants goods, and to harbour and lodge themselues and their Camels Horses or other Cattle, and prouision; the profits of which Surroies redound to the King only. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 53
SOURCE for I-ssi-fa-hang
« name written in the Yaun period » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Julfa
« From Daulatabad to Julfa 22¾ miles. » #3529 Henry Blosse Lynch, Across Luristan to Ispahan, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, London, 1890 vol. 12:no. 9:pp. 533-553 ~ p. 551
« #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ » #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ p. 170
SOURCE for Sipahan
« (2) The city of Isfahan (Sipahān) consisted of two parts, Shahristān (also called al-Madina and Djayy, evidently the seat of the governor) and Djahüdhān (Arabicised: al-Yahūdiyya, i.e. the old Jewish quarter). See Hudud al-'alam, 131; al-Istakhri 198-9; Yākūt, 343. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 9 p. 220
SOURCE for Spaan
« 3 The city of Spaan, Spahan, or Ispahan, by the Arabians called Isfahan, situated in the southern part of Persian Irak, is well known as the magnificent capital of the kings of the Sefi family, which, espe- cially during the reign of Shah Abbas II., exceeded in splendour, as well as extent, most Asiatic cities. It fell under the dominion of the Moghuls in 1221, and was taken, plundered, and nearly destroyed by Tamerlane in 1387. » #3318 ed. Thomas Wright trans. Marsden, The Travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian, The Translation of Marsden Revised, with a Selection of his Notes, H.G. Bohn, London, 1854 ~ p. 49 fn. 3
« We remained in this city of Spaan with His Majesty until the 25th of this month, during which time we were invited by His Majesty to frequent banquets. Spaan appears to be a very convenient city. It is situated in a plain abounding with all kinds of provisions. It is said that, as the city refused to surrender, much of it was destroyed after it had been taken. It is surrounded by a wall of earth like the others. From Tauris to Spaan is a twenty-four days' journey, through a country entirely belonging to Persia, consisting of a very arid plain with salt water in many places. » #383 Barbaro, J. and Contarini, A., Travels to Tana and Persia, Hakluyt Society:Burt Franklin, Cambridge:New York, 1873:1963-6, ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Spahan
« December 1.-I hired 125 Camells to carry mine and Mr. Robert Dowglasse's Bales, at Mahmoodies 80 for 100 Maunds Tauris, to Bagdat, and 13 mules to carry our luggage, at Mah-moodies 90 per 100 Maunds Tauris.¹December 13. This day I left Spahan, and began my journey towards Aleppo, by way of Bagdat. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 213
« La ville de SPAHAN autresfois appellée, comme veulent aucuns Hecatompyle, eft fort grande; mais elle n'a point de for-tereffe, ny aucun beau palais, elle n'a pas fi grande difette d'eau comme CASBIN, mais elle a auffi beaucoup plusbeſoin de bois. [The city of Spahan, formerly called, as some would have it, Hecatompyle, is very large; but it has no fortress, nor any beautiful palace, it does not have as large a water supply as Casbin, but it also has much more need of wood.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 134
« siendo cosa increible el grande numero de estas naciones que en la ciudad de Spahan está rrecogido, no cabiendo en los muchos y grandes carauasares que en la giudad ay, por no tener casas propias en que biuir. [It is incredible how many of these nations are gathered in the city of Spahan, not fitting in the many large caravanserais in the city, because they have no houses of their own to live in.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 pp. 24-5
SOURCE for Spahaune
« 5 February 1707/8. Departed from Spahaune [Isfahan] the 5th February at 3 after-noon. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Spahawn
« One of the oldest and best accounts of Ispahan, soon after the period of Shah Abbas's government, is given by Sir Thomas Herbert, an English traveller, who visited it in 1627, and parts of whose description are so curious as to be worth transcribing, especially as his book is not now so easy of access to the general reader. He says:-'The imperial city of Spahawn is in thirty-two degrees thirty-nine minutes north; is seated in the kingdom of Parthia, in a fair plain and pleasant horizon. It is by some called Spaan, and by others Spahan and Hispahan, as their several dialects concorded. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ note p. 231
« ISFAHAN-Telegraph Station. In the Persian province of Irak-Ajim; pronounced "Spahawn." » #3181 Bradshaw's Through Route Overland Guide to India, and Colonial Handbook, W. J. Adams and sons, 1884 ~ p. 253
« The tenth of Aprill wee fet out from Spahawnet a village fix miles South from Spahawn: when we had gone a farfang (three miles,) we were ſtayed by the way to taſte a banquet in a ſpacious garden of the Kings, whither the Engliſh Agent and ſuch other Chriftian Mechants as were in Spaharon came out to attend our Lord Ambaffador: a mile neerer the Citie, the Vifier, the Sultan of Spahawn, Meloyembeg and Hodge nazar the Armenian Prince with foure thousand horse and innumerable foot, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Spahone
« The 27th daye we came to on of the Kinges garde[n]swch is wthin an English mile of the citie of Spahone [Ispahan], wher we rested this daye and layd in a muskeet [mosque] this night, weh is ouer against the garden gate. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Ya-ssi-pau-hien
#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12

R168-039a Nadir Shool
R168-039a Nadir Shool : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 32.643404 long 52.252655 † basis (u)
Supplement: unable to locate
VARIANT names: Nadir Shool ,
SOURCE for Nadir Shool
« 29th June. Marched over the plain. A well at every fursukh; road west-south-west. At fifteen miles passed the village of Nadir Shool, and at thirty miles halted at Nooshkynoon, where there is a good Suraé; it is a small village close to a range of mountains, and we had grain and forage in abundance.30th June. From Nooshkynoon I travelled west thirty miles; mountains at west-south-west, distant ten or fifteen leagues. Here the road enters among gardens, and nine miles farther I arrived at the palace of the Umeen Ood Doulu in Isfahan. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422-3

R168-040 Nooshkynoon
R168-040 Nooshkynoon : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 32.52786 long 52.034022 † basis (u)
Supplement: unable to locate but has a suraé
VARIANT names: Nooshkynoon ,
SOURCE for Nooshkynoon
« 29th June. Marched over the plain. A well at every fursukh; road west-south-west. At fifteen miles passed the village of Nadir Shool, and at thirty miles halted at Nooshkynoon, where there is a good Suraé; it is a small village close to a range of mountains, and we had grain and forage in abundance.30th June. From Nooshkynoon I travelled west thirty miles; mountains at west-south-west, distant ten or fifteen leagues. Here the road enters among gardens, and nine miles farther I arrived at the palace of the Umeen Ood Doulu in Isfahan. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422-3

R168-041 Kashan
R168-041 Kashan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLA2 UFI: 10325556 coordinate: lat 33.997284 long 51.441575
NIMA/GNS names: Kachan , Kashan , كاشان ,
VARIANT names: Cachan , Caixan , Caixao , Cascian , Cashan , Cassan , Cassian , Caxen , Kachan , Kaschan , Kashan , Katschan , Qasan ,
SOURCE for Cachan
« A la pointe du jour nous apperçumes Cachan, où nous arrivames a 7. heures du matin. Une partie de la caravane alla loger dans la ville, et le refte dans le Caravanferan du fauxbourg. [At daybreak we sighted Cachan, where we arrived at 7 o'clock in the morning. Part of the caravan went to stay in the town, and the rest in the Caravanferan of the suburb.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 182
« Le treiziéme érant partis à deux heures aprés minuit, nôtre courſe fut de neuf heures. Au commencement le chemin fut fort mauvais, et nous trouvámes pluſieurs Villages des habitez, avant que d'arriver à Cachan, dont le Caravanferail eft tres-beau. [The thirteenth departure was at two o'clock after midnight, our journey lasted nine hours. At the beginning the road was very bad, and we encountered several inhabited villages before arriving at Cachan, whose caravanserai is very beautiful.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 71
« Il y a dans Cachan ... les Carvanferas grands et commodes; mais il y en a un entr'autres qui eftoit fort magnifique proche des jardins du Roy à l'entrée de la ville, dans lequel je logeay à mon dernier voyage d'Afie. Tant le Carvanfera que les Jardins font des ouvrages de Chabas I. du nom, et il y fit une fort grande depenfe. Ce Carvanfera à environ 100. pas en quarre, il eſt bati de brique, et à deux étages, et contient prés de fix vingt chambres voutées et d'une raiſonnable grandeur. [In Cachan there are... large and comfortable Carvanferas; but there is one among others that was quite magnificent near the King's Gardens at the entrance to the town, in which I stayed on my last trip to Africa. Both the Carvanfera and the Gardens are the work of Chabas I, and he spent a very large amount on them. This Carvanfera, about 100 paces square, is built of brick, has two stories, and contains nearly twenty vaulted rooms of reasonable size.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 72
SOURCE for Caixan
« in analogous manner, but more evidently, the name of the city of Kashan, rendered once with 'Caixan' and once with 'Caixào', a few lines after (f. 3r). » #3224 Margherita Farina, Giovanni Battista Raimondi's Travel in the Middle East: A Case of Sixteenth-Century Portuguese-Italian Interference, Oriente Moderno, NUOVA SERIE, ~ pp. 55-6
SOURCE for Caixao
« CAIXÃO, cidade de-Kashan, em 33' 59' lat. N. e 51° 30' long. E., capital da província persa do mesmo nome. [Fernão Lopes de Castanheda - História do des- cobrimento e conquista da India pelos Portugueses]. [CAIXÃO, city of Kashan, in 33' 59' N. lat. and 51° 30' E. long., capital of the Persian province of the same name. [Fernão Lopes de Castanheda - History of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portuguese].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. A-C p. 145
« From this city of whatever name, the Portugals, pursuing their course to the Shah of Persia, arrived at the city of Cayxam (Kashan) on the Friday of July 20th 1515 » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970 ~ p. 44
« From here they will depart for Ormuz by another winding road that passes through many towns and places, very useful land with large livestock; they will arrive at the city of Caixão, where they will stay for fifteen days » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p.249
SOURCE for Cascian
« VI. Io dico adunque, che avendo già veduto e osservato in Cascian ciò che di sopra ho scritto, ed essendoci riposati abba-stanza, la domenica a sera del ventotto di gennaio ci partimmo, [VI. I say, then, that having already seen and observed in Cascian what I have written above, and having rested sufficiently, we departed on Sunday evening, the twenty-eighth of January,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 572
SOURCE for Cashan
« and thence to Cashan, a gallant Citie; from Coom six and thirty miles: the way was easie and plaine, but somewhat sandie. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 213
« Cashan is not lesse than York or Norwich, above foure thousand families are accounted in her: the houses are fairely built, the streets be large and comly; the Mosqus and Hummums are curiously painted and ceruleated, with a feigned Turquoise: the Buzzar is spatious and uniforme; furnished with Silks, Damasks, rich Carpets, Sattens, and cloth of gold; no part of the Persian Monarchy shewes better, or more variety, nor a people more exactly industrious. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 214
SOURCE for Cassan
« Odoric expressly says that Kashan, or Cassan,' as he calls it, was 'the city of the Three Kings' and that these worshippers set out from there to Jerusalem, which they reached by divine aid in thirteen days. (4) The passage in the account of Odoric de Por-denone reads as follows: -'DE LA CITÉ DE CASSAN. - De ceste cité m'en alay vers la grant Inde par mer. Si vins par maintes journées a une cité des trois roys qui firent offrande à Jhesu Crist nouvel né. Et appelle on ceste cité de Cassan, cité royal de grant honneur mais Tartre l'ont moult destruite. De cette cité de Cassan jusques en Jherusalem a plus de journées dont on puet clerement appercevoir que ly troy Roy de ceste cité de Cassan furent en XIII journées amené en Jherusa par vertu divine et non humaine. En ceste cité a moult grand hab dance de tous biens, de pain, et de vin et de toutes autres choses.'fn. 4 See Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 41, Paris, 1891. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 412
« Ce fait le Roy voulut aller à SPAHAN ville capitale de Par-thie, elloignée de CASBIN douze iournées les comptant à pas de Carauane, où nous le fuiuifmes. L'on trouue par le chemin beau-coup de bonnes places, comme entr'autres vne, qui eft appellée Com, vne autre dite CASSAN, qui eft plus grande, et plus riche que Com, comme aufli beaucoup de bourgs et villages. Tout cechemin eſt plain et vny, toutesfois d'vn coſté et d'autre on voittou-fiours des montagnes, [This done, the King wished to go to Spahan, the capital city of Parthia, twelve days distant from Casbin, counting them at the pace of Carauane, where we fled. One finds many good places along the way, such as one called Com, another called Cassan, which is larger and richer than Com, as well as many towns and villages. The whole road is flat and winding, however, on one side and the other one always sees mountains.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 133
SOURCE for Cassian
« The 20th daye at night we came to the fayre citie of Cassian (Kashan), lying in the cuntrey of Parthia. On the waye between this citie and the foresayde citie of Comes the cuntrey of the Par-thiance and the Medians are parted. Here we piched in a caravansero that Shaw Abbas built, the fayerest that ever I saw it is big innaw to lodge any king of Chrissendom was all his trayne-hauing traveled 7 lges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Caxen
« Llegose á Caxen, adonde auia gran número de otras mugeres cubiertas con sus mantos blancos, sobre las paredes, varandas y otras partes altas, y ansi se en-tro por la çiudad, aunque fuera de lo que della está rrodeado de muralla, que es alta y muy bien labrada, hasta el Maydan, que es una larga calle, aunque no tanto como la de Xiras, pero mas ancha, con muchos arboles por las vandas á raiz de las paredes, adonde ay algunas casas y dentro grande arboleda de huertas. [He arrived at Caxen, where there were a great number of other women covered with their white cloaks, on the walls, balustrades and other high parts, and thus he entered the city, although outside of what is surrounded by a wall, which is high and very well made, up to the Maydan, which is a long street, although not as long as that of Xiras, but wider, with many trees along the sides at the base of the walls, where there are some houses and inside a large grove of orchards.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 57
SOURCE for Kachan
« Kachan » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
SOURCE for Kaschan
« Malgré la vue de tout le peuple de Kaschan, venu au-devant de nous, y compris la communauté juive, l'im-patience nous prenait un peu d'une route aussi longue, quand, à la fin, nous arrivames, et la première vue de notre logis dissipa comme une fumée notre mécontentement. [Despite the sight of all the people of Kashan, who came to meet us, including the Jewish community, we were a little impatient with such a long journey, when, at last, we arrived, and the first sight of our lodging dissipated our discontent like smoke.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 237
« The 27. we came to the Citie of Kaschan, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
« Kaschan where on the 3 day of Ianuary we arrived to|wards the Evening, taking up our Quarters at a very noble and commodious Carawansera, seeming rather a Palace than an Inn. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 310
SOURCE for Kashan
« I journeyed to Kashan (25), where I stayed for a month, fn. 25 Kashan, Nain, Sirjan and Tarum, Iranian towns. » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109
« Passing the post-house of Mohamedye and Gaz, Kashan came in sight over an undulation in the sand, and we were soon threading the narrow lanes of this, one of the largest business places of Persia. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 295
« thence 12 to Kāshān. Total, from Sävah to Kāshān it is 22 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« we caught sight of the blue domes of the mosques at Kashan that rose with a glimpse of color over the brown plain. Kashan, pronounced in Persian as Kashan, is flanked by mountains and hills on the south, west, and northwest, but on the other sides it lies open to the plain. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 410
« Kashan is one of the hottest places on the great Persian plateau, but has the rare luxury of a good water supply brought from a reservoir some distance off in the Kuhrūd mountains. It has a much-diminished population, said now to number 30,000 souls. Much of it is in ruins, and much more is ruinous. It has a thriving colony of Jews. It is noted for its silks and velvets; but the modern productions are regarded by judges as degenerate. It is still famous for its work in copper and for its great copper bazar. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 230
« Next day brought us to another considerable town- Káshán-after an uneventful march of about seven hours, broken by a halt for lunch at a village called Nasrábád, at which I was supplied with one of the excellent melons grown in the neighbourhood. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 173
« and crawling along in true caravan fashion, entered Káshán soon after sunset, and » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 548
« Sin-Sin to Kashan, 4) ?. ?., 20 ?. ... Enter Kashan by road rudely paved with stones; a considerable town, celebrated for its silk manufactures. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 56
SOURCE for Katschan
« The Persians put this City of Katschan at 84 degrees longitude, and at thirty four distant from the Line. After an exact Observation of three days, I found that it is distant from it thirty three degrees and 51 minutes, that is, nine minutes less. The City is of a great length, reaching from East to West, above half a German League. Its Walls and bastions are of a kind of Potters day, and it lies in a great Plain, the ground of which is good enough for Tillage, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 194
SOURCE for Qasan

R168-042 Meeana
R168-042 Meeana : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Meyaneh , Miane , Mianeh , Miyaneh , میانه ,
VARIANT names: Mæana , Miana , Miane , Mianeh , Miyane ,
SOURCE for Mæana
« Mæana stands on the site of the Atropatena of ancient history, the capital of Atropatia, the modern Azerbijan. Both town and district derived their names from Atropates. It is situate on a low swampy plain. Though half in ruins, it is still large and populous. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 157
SOURCE for Miana
« d'où aprés avoir marché toute la nuit, nous arrivâmes à Mia-na le vingt-un fur les dix heures du matin, et nous y logeâmes dans un fort beau Caravanſerail. [From where, after walking all night, we arrived at Mia-na on the twenty-first at ten o'clock in the morning, and we lodged there in a very beautiful Caravanserai.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 50
« Le jour ſuivant on paſſe un pays boſſu et defert, et aprés avoir marché huit heures on arrive à Miana petite ville ſituée dans un lieu marécageux, et où on paye un droit pour la garde des chemins. C'eſt où mourut Monfieur Thevenot en re-venant d'Iſpahan. Il avoit ramaſſé pluſieurs livres Perfiens et Arabes, et le Cadi de Miana retint les meilleurs. Il y a dans cette ville un des plus beaux Carvanſeras de la Perſe. [The following day we crossed a hilly and desolate country, and after walking for eight hours we arrived at Miana, a small town situated in a marshy area, where a toll was charged for road maintenance. It was there that Monsieur Thevenot died on his return from Isfahan. He had collected several Persian and Arabic books, and the Qadi of Miana kept the best ones. In this town, there is one of the finest caravansersas in Persia.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 63
SOURCE for Miane
SOURCE for Mianeh
SOURCE for Miyane
« Traversing the crest of a hill soon after mid-day, we came in full view of the little town of Miyáné, which looked very pretty with its blue domes and background of poplars and willows. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 69

R168-043 Muragha
R168-043 Muragha : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Maragheh , Maraghen , مراغه ,
VARIANT names: Maragheh , Maragoa ,
SOURCE for Maragheh
SOURCE for Maragoa
« e asy chegaram tres oras do dia ao campo onde se asentou o arraial, junto de huma ci- dade per nome de maragoa, tres legoas donde partirað; a quinta feira sete de setembro chegou o xeque da caça, e o embaxador mandou saber do governador se o despachara, e quando queria que o fose ver; [and at three o'clock in the daytime they arrived at the field where the camp was set up, near a city called Maragoa, three leagues from where they had set out; on Thursday, the seventh of September, the hunting sheik arrived, and the ambassador asked the governor to find out if he had sent him away, and when he wanted him to go and see him;] » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 240
« Fernão Gomes de Lemos, qui s'était proposé à Albuquerque comme ambassadeur au vu de la manière dont Châh Esma'il avait gratifié Miguel Ferreira, quitta Ormuz le 5 mai 1515 (92) et se présenta l'été de la même année, à l'estivage de Maragheh (Maragoa) dans le nord-ouest iranien, à l'est du lac de Rezāye, suivi d'une délégation de 15 personnes, dont le déjà mentionné Gil Simões, auteur de la relation de l'audience. [Fernão Gomes de Lemos, who had offered himself to Albuquerque as an ambassador in view of the way in which Shah Esma'il had favored Miguel Ferreira, left Ormuz on May 5, 1515 (92) and presented himself in the summer of the same year, at the summer camp of Maragheh (Maragoa) in the Iranian northwest, east of Lake Rezāye, followed by a delegation of 15 people, including the aforementioned Gil Simões, author of the report of the audience.] » #3253 Dejanirah Couto, Les missions diplomatiques portugaises en Perse dans la première moitié du XVIe siècle: les audiences de Miguel Ferreira (1514) et de Fernão Gomes de Lemos (1515) à la cour de Châh Esma‘îl safavide, Anais de História de Além-Mar, 2009 vol. X:pp. 277-308 ~ p. 297
« the camp was pitched, near a city called Maragoa, three leagues from where they had set off; » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 240

R168-016 Tujurrood
R168-016 Tujurrood : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Torbat-e Heydariyeh , Torbat-e-Heydari , Turbat-i-Haidari , Turbet-i-Haidari , تربت حیدریه ,
VARIANT names: Torbat-e-Heydari , Torbat-i-Haidari , Tujurrood , Turbat Hidari , Turbut Shackh Jam ,
SOURCE for Torbat-e-Heydari
SOURCE for Torbat-i-Haidari
« Turbat is the principal town of a district of that name south of Mash-had, and is distinguished from a second Turbat not far to the eastward, by the affix "Háidari"; this compound meaning the grave of Haidar, one of the holy men of Muhamadan story. It enjoys a climate which, to judge from repute and our own experience, must be fine and bracing, and we had ocular demonstration of the excellence of its soil in the many gardens and corn-fields with which it is surrounded. Cotton is grown, opium cultivated, and silk obtained here; but this year owing to past droughts and scarcity, attention has almost wholly been given to the produce of grain. » #1253 Goldsmid, F. J., Journey from Bandar Abbas to Mash-Had by Sistan, with Some Account of the Last-Named Province, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1873, 43:65-83 ~ p. 81
SOURCE for Tujurrood
« My intention otherwise was to have gone on eight miles farther to Sungoon, where I arrived on the 26th. At Sungoon the water is brackish and the country hilly. We moved on the 27th, north-west and westerly, and at sixteen miles arrived at Tujurrood, a compact village among hills. These three stages, from Sherawan to Tujurrood, may be performed by a horseman in one day with great ease. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 418
SOURCE for Turbat Hidari
« I marched to Turbat Hidari, distant 18 miles, on the 13th of Korember. At Turbat Hidari I got into a comparatively beaten track which has been described by several travellers, so I will not describe the road thence. to Mash-had. I marched it in four days and halted a few days near the town. » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 525
SOURCE for Turbut Shackh Jam
« Turbut Shackh Jam 8The large Turbut is called Turbut Isai Khan or Turbut Hydereah » #3021 John Macdonald Kinneir, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, John Murray, London, 1813 ~ p. 397

R168-017 Oonshy
R168-017 Oonshy : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Yunesi , Yunosi , Yunsi , یونسی ,
VARIANT names: Oonshy , Yunesi , Yunsi ,
SOURCE for Oonshy
« Oonshy » in {map#1442 Central Asia; comprising Bokhara, Cabool, Persia, the River Indus, and countries eastward of it, Arrowsmith, John,, 1842, david Rumsey Map Collection list no: 14506.055}
« to Oonshy. At eight of these twelve miles the road from Mushid to Heerat joins. 1 his is a large village with a little cultivation, and plenty of good water and flocks of sheep. A Karwansurae here also gave us the first idea of approaching civilization. 29th May. From Oonshy we crossed over » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 419
SOURCE for Yunesi
SOURCE for Yunsi
« We halted a day at Bajistan, and thence marched to Yunsi, near an arm of the great salt desert of Khurasan. It is pretended that this place takes its name from the Prophet Jonah, who, when the sea reached so far, was thrown up there by the whale. Apart from its similarity of name, I can find no grounds for so strange a supposition; but I cannot say that I have heard it maintained beyond the limits of the district claiming the venerable association. The map, following Christie, has hitherto shown the stage to be "Oonshy"; I think, however, that Yunsi or Yunasi (if it came indeed from Yúnas) is the more correct spelling. By all accounts famine has not spared this village, and its mark is now visible in the poverty and reduced population represented. » #1253 Goldsmid, F. J., Journey from Bandar Abbas to Mash-Had by Sistan, with Some Account of the Last-Named Province, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1873, 43:65-83 ~ p. 80

R168-017a old ruined Surae
R168-017a old ruined Surae : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.792255 long 58.384788 † basis (p)
Supplement: karvansaraye konpanneh marandiz کاروانسرای کهنه مرندیز
VARIANT names: Kohne'marandiz Caravanserai , old ruined Surae ,
SOURCE for Kohne'marandiz Caravanserai
SOURCE for old ruined Surae
« 29th May. From Oonshy we crossed over five miles this morning to an old ruined Surae on the edge of the desert; plenty of water, but no supplies. We marched again at three p. m., keeping close to mountains on our left, first going west and then south. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 419

R168-018 Ispuk : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Asfak , Asopak , Aspak , Esfak , اصفاک ,
VARIANT names: Asfak , Ispuk ,
SOURCE for Asfak
SOURCE for Ispuk
« 30th May. Marching this morning before day-light, we altered our course more westerly. At twelve miles obtained water at a well where the Karwans halt. We proceeded on seven miles to the village of Ispuk. It is a small place and abounds with grain, fruit, water, forage, and sheep. From Oonshy it is four easy marches for laden camels. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 419

R168-019 Dehi Mahomed
R168-019 Dehi Mahomed : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Deh Mohammad , Deh-e Mohammad , Deh-i-Muhammad , ده محمد ,
VARIANT names: Deh Mohammad , Dehi Mahomed , Dehi Mohumed ,
SOURCE for Deh Mohammad
SOURCE for Dehi Mahomed
« We continued our route the same day between hills until we came to Dehi Mahomed, at fifteen miles. Here is a capital Surae, a Hindoo shopkeeper, good water, grain, and forage. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 419
SOURCE for Dehi Mohumed
« Dehi Mohumed » in {map#1442 Central Asia; comprising Bokhara, Cabool, Persia, the River Indus, and countries eastward of it, Arrowsmith, John,, 1842, david Rumsey Map Collection list no: 14506.055}

R168-020 Chardih
R168-020 Chardih : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chahar Deh , Jow Khvah , Jowkhah , جو خواه ,
VARIANT names: Chahar Deh , Chahrdeh , Chardeh , Chardih , Karté , Shardeh ,
SOURCE for Chahar Deh
SOURCE for Chahrdeh
« The hours glide by, and we draw near to our goal, and Chahrdeh's dark row of palms becomes more dis-tinct. The ground is now quite level and absolutely barren, and consists of yellow clay. We leave on the right a path leading to the village Kheirabad, half a farsakh from Chahrdeh, and in the same direction is seen a grove of seven palms. ... The houses and the village has 3000 sheep and 30 asses. are 80 in number and are inhabited by 1000 persons, a number which seems too large. The name Chahrdeh or Chahr - deh - i- Tebbes, "the four villages near Tebbes," refers to the group of villages lying round Chahrdeh proper; Mehdiabad, Turgeinun, Suleimanieh, Teshkanun, Kheirabad, Kasimabad, Deheneh, Tajiabad, Dovletabad, and Deh-shur. » #3654 Sven Hedin, Overland To India, Macmillan and Co., London, 1910 ~ vol. 2 pp. 28-30
SOURCE for Chardeh
« We started as soon as it was dark, about half-past six, and dicl not get in until half-past eight next morning, having taken 14 hours to do 30 miles ;but tve had got past the Biluchis, or the place tvhere they were supposed to be. The next day me went on to Chardeh, a group of four villages, in the Tabbas district. » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 522
SOURCE for Chardih
« Chardih » in {map#1442 Central Asia; comprising Bokhara, Cabool, Persia, the River Indus, and countries eastward of it, Arrowsmith, John,, 1842, david Rumsey Map Collection list no: 14506.055}
« 31st May. From Dehi Mahomed to Chardih : first twelve miles loose gravel, descending gradually; then wind round a peak on the left, good road over a desert, and along the base of a ridge of mountains. At twentyfour miles arrived at Chardih. Eight miles south-east of this place is the city of Tubbus. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 419
SOURCE for Karté
« De Chechme-Cha à Karté.. 14 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 340
SOURCE for Shardeh
« Shardeh-4 parasangs a walled village, 100 houses; population Persians. » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 439

R168-020a Surae
R168-020a Surae : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 33.7192542756233 long 56.804342339194 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Chahrdeh caravanserai , Jokhah Caravanserai , Karavanserail Cahar Deh , Surae ,
SOURCE for Chahrdeh caravanserai
« In the open square, outside a magnificent caravanserai built twenty-five years ago by Haji Mollah Taghi of Yezd, we set up our tents. The roof of this quadrangular hostelry affords ample room for walking beside the brick-covered cupolas, and from here a picturesque and instructive view presents itself. The western hills form only a dark outline beneath the sun, and after it has set an intense yellow glow shines above the dark crests. » #3654 Sven Hedin, Overland To India, Macmillan and Co., London, 1910 ~ vol. 2 p. 29
SOURCE for Jokhah Caravanserai
SOURCE for Karavanserail Cahar Deh
« Karavanserail Cahar Deh (Djowkhah) (Taf. 31,1) (105)(Abb. 5 und 97)105Lage: 20 km nordwestlich von Tabas, 31 km östlich von Robat-e Gur (Kur) und 29 km südlich von Robat-e Dahaneh, an den Straßen von Tabas nach Neyshabur und nach Yazd, in +633 m ü. N.N. Am Platz befinden sich das Karavanserail, eine Grabkuppel, eine Zisterne und ein großes Qal'eh (Festung),Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vorgesetztem Vorhof.Abmessungen: 62 x 54m Außenmaße des ursprüng-lichen Karavanserails, 38 x 31 m dessen Hofabmessungen. 57 x 39 m Außenmaße der Vorhofumbauung und 47 × 33 m deren Hofabmessungen. Höhenmaße können nicht angege-ben werden (Abb. 98).fn 105 Das Karavanserail Cahar Deh war vor dem Erdbeben von 1978 Gendarmeriestation und daher nicht betretbar. Eine Aufnahme war deshalb nicht möglich. Der heutige Zustand ist unbekannt. W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravansarais, Vol. I, 1362/1983, 238. [Caravanserail Cahar Deh (Djowkhah) (Plate 31.1) (105)(Figs. 5 and 97) 105Location: 20 km northwest of Tabas, 31 km east of Robat-e Gur (Kur), and 29 km south of Robat-e Dahaneh, on the roads from Tabas to Neyshabur and to Yazd, at an elevation of 633 m above sea level. The site contains the caravanserail, a funerary dome, a cistern, and a large qal'eh (fort).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with an attached forecourt.Dimensions: 62 x 54 m external dimensions of the original caravanserail; 38 x 31 m its courtyard dimensions. The outer dimensions of the courtyard enclosure are 57 x 39 m, and the courtyard dimensions are 47 x 33 m. Height measurements cannot be determined (Fig. 98).fn 105 The Cahar Deh caravanserai was a gendarmerie station before the 1978 earthquake and therefore inaccessible. A photograph was thus not possible. Its current condition is unknown. W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravansarais, Vol. I, 1362/1983, 238.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 70
SOURCE for Surae
« Chardih is composed of four small villages, and well supplied with water, grain, and forage ; there is a Surae a little out of repair. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 420

R168-021 Kulbut
R168-021 Kulbut : place IRN
VARIANT names: Kulbut ,
SOURCE for Kulbut
« 1st and 2d June. We marched from Chardih, eleven miles westerly, on the 1st, and slept in a dry water course ; whence the following day, ascending between hills, we came to Kulbut, ten miles; there is no cultivation here, and only a Hindoo shopkeeper, who supplies a Surae with bread and barley; water brackish. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 420

R168-022 Shootooran
R168-022 Shootooran : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: Chasma Shutaran , rabat khan , Robat Ceshmeh Shotoran , Robate'khan Caravanserai , Shootooran ,
SOURCE for Chasma Shutaran
« At the end of this ridge, where the road descends again to the plain, there was a small spring of sweet water known as Chasma Shutaran or the camels' spring. Here there was a deserted tower. I had been specially warned against resting here, as it is the haunt of Biluchis when raiding. » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 520
SOURCE for rabat khan
SOURCE for Robat Ceshmeh Shotoran
« Robat Ceshmeh Shotoran (Taf. 30,2-30,4) (Abb. 5 und 92) (103)Lage: 18 km südwestlich von Robat-Khan, 71 km nordöstlich von Robat-e Posht-e Badam (Provinz Yazd) und etwa 25 km nordöstlich Robat-e Sirkeh (Serkeh?) (Robat-e Sirka), an der Straße von Neyshabur und Tabas nach Yazd.Am Ort befinden sich das Robat, ein Wachtturm und ein Ziegelbrennofen aus der Erbauungszeit der Einbauten.Typ: Hofanlage mit zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Iwanen und schweren Rundtürmen, einer jüngeren Innen-Bebauung in den Ruinen des Robats und mit einer im Hof eingetieften Zisterne der ursprünglichen Bausubstanz (Abb. 93).Abmessungen: 46 × 46 m Außenmaße ohne Vorsprün-ge, 27,50 x 27,50 m ursprüngliche Hofabmessungen, Stärke der Außenmauern 2,50 m.Baumaterial: Der ursprüngliche Bau ist in Bruchstein-mauerwerk errichtet, die jüngeren Einbauten in gebrannten Ziegeln (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die starken Außenmauern sind über den Gewölben der Räume als Wehrgang mit Nischen, Schießscharten und Turmkammern ausgebaut.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.fn 103 Robat Ceshmeh Shotoran wurde am 2.3. 1976 vermessen. [Robat Ceshmeh Shotoran (Plates 30.2–30.4) (Figs. 5 and 92) (103)Location: 18 km southwest of Robat-Khan, 71 km northeast of Robat-e Posht-e Badam (Yazd Province), and approximately 25 km northeast of Robat-e Sirkeh (Serkeh?) (Robat-e Sirka), on the road from Neyshabur and Tabas to Yazd.The site contains the robat, a watchtower, and a brick kiln dating from the time the structures were built.Type: Courtyard complex with two opposing iwans and heavy round towers, later interior structures built within the ruins of the robat, and a cistern sunken into the courtyard, all part of the original building fabric (Fig. 93). Dimensions: 46 × 46 m external dimensions without projections, 27.50 × 27.50 m original courtyard dimensions, exterior wall thickness 2.50 m.Building material: The original structure is built of rubble masonry, the later additions of fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: The thick exterior walls above the vaulted rooms form a parapet walk with niches, loopholes, and tower chambers.Inscriptions: None known.fn 103 Robat Ceshmeh Shotoran was surveyed on March 2, 1976.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 68
SOURCE for Robate'khan Caravanserai
rabat khan رباط خان
SOURCE for Shootooran
« 3d June. We marched southerly over a hilly rough road, with ravines, and halted at eighteen miles, at Shootooran. Here we procured bread and barley for the horses ; but the water is bad. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 420
« Shootooran » in {map#1442 Central Asia; comprising Bokhara, Cabool, Persia, the River Indus, and countries eastward of it, Arrowsmith, John,, 1842, david Rumsey Map Collection list no: 14506.055}

R168-023 Pooshe Baddam
R168-023 Pooshe Baddam : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Posht-e Badam , Posht-e Badom , Pusht-i-Badam , Ribat-i-Pusht-i-Badam , Robat-e Khalaf - e Badam , Robat-e Posht-e Badam , Robat-e-Posht Badam , پشت بادام , پشت بادم , رباط پشت بادام ,
VARIANT names: Pooshte Badam , Pooshte Baddam , Postobatan , Puscht-i-Badam , Pusht-i-Badam ,
SOURCE for Pooshte Badam
« Pooshte Badam » in {map#1442 Central Asia; comprising Bokhara, Cabool, Persia, the River Indus, and countries eastward of it, Arrowsmith, John,, 1842, david Rumsey Map Collection list no: 14506.055}
SOURCE for Pooshte Baddam
« 4th June. We moved at five a. m. descending sand hills south-westerly; at first the road lay through deep sand, afterwards over a hard flat; no water; at twenty-four miles Pooshté Baddam, a large village, at which supplies of every kind are abundant. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 420
SOURCE for Postobatan
« Der 11. Aug. ließ uns im Felde Postobatan, von den nahangelegenen Gala also genefict/ alle Nothwendigkeiten auff diese drey be vorstehende Hungertage in der Wüsten reichlich einsam len. [On August 11th we were able to gather in the Postobatan field, so fortified by the nearby Gala, all the necessities for the three days of hunger that lay ahead in the desert.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 64
SOURCE for Puscht-i-Badam
« Puscht-i-Badam » in {map#1436 in #3653 Sven Hedin, Zu Land nach Indien durch Persien, Seistan, Beluchistan, Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1910 ~ fig. Hedins Reise Durch Die Kewir Bis Nach Afghanistan Und Belutschistan}
SOURCE for Pusht-i-Badam
« At Pusht-i-Badan there are two springs of water, one brackish and the other fresh. From these springs, about a square mile of ground is watered and cultivated, but the place does not supply food enough for its inhabitants and the pilgrims who pass through it on their way to iUas11-had. I here found the alarm about the Biluchi bancl, who were plundering, even, greater than at Sukand. I was not aware that Biluchis were so much dreaded by the Persians as they appear to be, though I knew that a Turkoman would scare a multitude of Persians from the southern provinces of the kingdom. After much difficulty I persuaded a man to accompany me as guide to the next stage. » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 519
« car: Pusht-i-Badam » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No. 16 Dasht-I-Kavir 1936}

R168-024 Illahabad
R168-024 Illahabad : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: RHSE UFI: 11140945 coordinate: lat 32.709596 long 55.372731
NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Allahabad , کاروانسرای الله آباد ,
VARIANT names: Illababad caravanserai , Illahabad , Karavanserail Elahabad , Karvansara-ye Allahabad , Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Allahabad) ,
SOURCE for Illababad caravanserai
« I started in tho afternoon : the barrenness of the land got worse and worse, the whole country between Sukand and Tabbas can only be described as a terrible desert. At the end of 14 miles there is a fine caravanserai and a ruined village called Illahabad, which had been plundered and burnt by Biluchis t~vcnty-five years ago. Sear the village there is a little tamarisk scrub, and the eye is delighted with the sight of the green. There is a well of water at Illahabad, but it is very deep a11d the water very brackish nrl~en obtained, so it is never used by travellers. Sometimes camels and sheep are brought here to graze, but at present they have all been driven away to places nrl~ere there are forts, for fear of the Bilnchis. Soon after passing Illahabad a snlall » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 517
SOURCE for Illahabad
« 5th June. Our march this day was southerl, with a gentle ascent; at five miles a stream of water. In the evening we halted at Illahabad, fourteen miles from Pooshté Baddam; this village is situated in the desert, has a new Suraé, and supplies are procurable. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 420
SOURCE for Karavanserail Elahabad
« Karavanserail Elahabad (Alahabad) (Taf. 11,1-4) (Abb. 4; 82)38Lage: 25 km nordöstlich Saghand, 42 km südwestlich von Robat Posht-e Badam, in + 1060 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Yazd nach Tabas und Mashhad. Am Ort liegt östlich des Karavanserails eine mittelalterliche Burg und südlich davon zwei große Zisternen und kleinere, stark zerstörte Ruinen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier verkürzten Iwanen, Kuppel über dem Eingang und runden Ecktürmen. Der Bau hat drei Stallabteilungen (Abb. 83).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 60,50 × 45 m, Hofabmessungen 34 × 25,70 m, Stallgangbreite 4 m, Durchmesser der Kuppel über dem Eingang 5,90 m, Fassadenhöhe 6,40 m (Abb. 84). [Elahabad Caravanserai (Alahabad) (Plate 11.1-4) (Figs. 4; 82)38Location: 25 km northeast of Saghand, 42 km southwest of Robat Posht-e Badam, at an elevation of 1060 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd to Tabas and Mashhad. A medieval castle lies to the east of the caravanserai, and two large cisterns and smaller, heavily damaged ruins are located to the south.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four shortened iwans, a dome over the entrance, and round corner towers. The building has three stable sections (Fig. 83).Dimensions: External dimensions 60.50 × 45 m, courtyard dimensions 34 × 25.70 m, stable passage width 4 m, diameter of the dome above the entrance 5.90 m, facade height 6.40 m (Fig. 84).] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Karvansara-ye Allahabad
SOURCE for Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Allahabad)
« Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi » in {map#376 in SERIES 1501 AIR SHEET National Imagery and Mapping Agency fig. Kavir-e Dar Anjir, Iran NI 40-13}

R168-025 Sahganna
R168-025 Sahganna : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sagand , Saghand , Saqand , ساغند , ساغند , ساقند , سگند ,
VARIANT names: Sagand , Saugand , Seagan , Shaganna , Sukand ,
SOURCE for Sagand
SOURCE for Saugand
« SAUGAND OR SU-KAND-A village of about 60 houses, situated round a spring of excellent water, in the midst of a wilderness. It is enclosed by high walls. A few supplies procurable. There is an excellent sarai here. It is 85 miles from Yazd on the road to Biābānak.Gill says this place is 71½ miles from Yazd, that it has a hundred houses, and that its elevation is 4,070 feet. (MacGregor.) » #3713 GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOLUME II, Printed at the Government of India Monotype Press,, 1914 ~ p. 546
SOURCE for Seagan
« The 4th, ten p. to Seagan. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 216
SOURCE for Shaganna
« Shaganna » in {map#1442 Central Asia; comprising Bokhara, Cabool, Persia, the River Indus, and countries eastward of it, Arrowsmith, John,, 1842, david Rumsey Map Collection list no: 14506.055}
« 6th June. From Illahabad to Sahganna, a short stage of ten miles; there is no Suraé here, but grain, and good water are plentiful. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 420
SOURCE for Sukand
« The following day we marched 13 miles to the village of Sukand, or Sagand, as it is more usually called. This place is said to derive its name, which means sweet water, from the fact that the water is here really sweet, which is very rare in this part of the country, the water in rllost places being brackish. Sukand is a poor village, situated in a fort, but has a fine brick caravanserai. The people live by grazing flocks of fat-tailed sheep on the sparse vegetation of the less barren patts of thc desert. » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 516

R168-026 Rezab : place IRN (caravanserai)
Supplement: Rizab Stone Caravanserai کاروانسرای سنگی ریزآب
VARIANT names: Karavanserail Riz Ab , karvansaraye sangi rizab , Rezab , Rizab caravanserai ,
SOURCE for Karavanserail Riz Ab
« Karavanserail Riz Ab (Rezab) (Taf. 10,2) (Abb. 4; 79)%Lage: 20 km nordöstlich von Shahr-e Now, 21 km südwestlich von Saghand, in +1300 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Yazd nach Tabas und Mashhad.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen bei unregel-mäßigem Grundriß des rückwärtigen Teils, bedingt durch die Hanglage. Im Westen und Osten sowie im Norden am ansteigenden Hang sind jüngere Räume und die Stallungen angebaut.Abmessungen: Größte Ausdehnung 38,50 × 38 m, Hof-abmessungen 16 × 10,60 m, Breite der Stallgänge je 4,10 m, Höhe der Hoffassade am Eingangsiwan 6,60 m. [Caravanserail Riz Ab (Rezab) (Plate 10.2) (Fig. 4; 79%)Location: 20 km northeast of Shahr-e Now, 21 km southwest of Saghand, at an elevation of 1300 m above sea level. N.N., on the road from Yazd to Tabas and Mashhad.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and an irregular layout in the rear section, due to the hillside location. Newer buildings and stables are attached to the west, east, and north sides, which rise on the slope.Dimensions: Largest dimensions 38.50 × 38 m, courtyard dimensions 16 × 10.60 m, width of stable passages 4.10 m each, height of the courtyard facade at the entrance iwan 6.60 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 54
SOURCE for karvansaraye sangi rizab
SOURCE for Rezab
« 7th June. From Sahganna to Rezab, along a narrow road winding over small hills, mountains close on our right, and to the left distant five miles; at eight miles we arrived at Rezab, a good Suraé, with grain and forage; water bad. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 420
SOURCE for Rizab caravanserai
« After watering our horses at the spring, we went on across the same barren country. At 29 miles from
Homin ee reached a caravanserai in the desert named Rizab, where there was a very small spring of brackish water. Near this place was a deserted village, which had been destroyed many years before by Biluchi marauders from Seistan. This is the furthest point to which I have heard of Biluchi raids extending, and considering the great distance from Seistan it is wonderful that their raids should extend so far. » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 516

R168-027 Kharanee
R168-027 Kharanee : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FRMQ UFI: 11864580 coordinate: lat 32.407397 long 54.879603
NIMA/GNS names: Shahr-e Now , شهر نو ,
VARIANT names: Kharanee , Shahr-e Now ,
SOURCE for Kharanee
« 8th June. March south-west; at fourteen miles entered a dry river bed, winding between hills, that spring from an immense range of mountains, which runs east and west; at fourteen miles we found water; we then ascended a steep intricate path, among and over rocks, to Kharanee, which is twenty miles from Sahganna: here is a good Suraé, bread, grain, and forage abundant, the water the same, but brackish. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 420
SOURCE for Shahr-e Now

R168-028 cistern of good water
R168-028 cistern of good water : place IRN (cistern)
NIMA/GNS feature: SALT UFI: 11864581 coordinate: lat 32.322436 long 54.88309
NIMA/GNS names: Dasht-e Kazeh Howz-e Boland , دشت کازه حوض بلند ,
VARIANT names: cistern of good water , Dasht-e Kazeh Howz-e Boland ,
SOURCE for cistern of good water
« 9th June. We marched from Kharanee southerly between rocky mountains, about a mile distant on each side; at six miles the route tends south-east over a little plain; at twelve miles there is a cistern of good water. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 421
SOURCE for Dasht-e Kazeh Howz-e Boland

R168-029 Yezd : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3088569 coordinate: lat 31.897222 long 54.3675 NIMA/GNS names: Yazd , Yezd , يزد , VARIANT names: Gest , Geth , Iest , Iex , Isatichae , Isatis , Issatis , Jesd , Jest , Jex , Kuththa , Yazd , Yesday , Yezd , SOURCE for Gest « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Geth « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Iest « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Iex « Seguendo più oltra trovassemo Iex, 292) terra de mistiero, come sarian la- vori di seda, gottoni e ciambelotti et altri simili. Penserano alcuni che quello ch'io dirò non sia vero e pur è vero, come sa quelli che l'hanno visto. Volta circa miglia.5., è murata, ha borgi grandissimi,fn. 292. Iex = Yazd. Cfr. nota 262. Qui il testo sembra corrotto. Da Isfahan, il Barbaro prosegui costantemente in direzione nord, in compagnia del Contarini, fino a Käshän e a Qum e poi a Tabriz. Ora, lasciata Qum, egli raggiungerebbe all'improvviso Yazd, che dista 740 km. verso sud-est. Tenendo conto di quanto scrive in seguito lo stesso Barbaro, sembra probabile che, dopo essersi separato dal Contarini a Tabriz, egli facesse ritorno a Qum e a Käshän, proseguendo poi per Yazd, Shiriz, Hormuz. (Lo.) [ 1,251 / 5,000 Continuing further we found Iex, 292) a land of mystery, as there would be works of silk, bricks and cinder blocks and other similar things. Some will think that what I will say is not true and yet it is true, as those who have seen it know. It is about 5 miles long, it is walled, it has very large villages, fn. 292. Iex = Yazd. Cf. note 262. Here the text seems corrupted. From Isfahan, the Barbarian continued steadily in a northerly direction, in the company of Contarini, up to Käshän and Qum and then to Tabriz. Now, leaving Qum, he would suddenly reach Yazd, which is 740 km. away to the south-east. Taking into account what Barbaro himself wrote later, it seems probable that, after separating from Contarini in Tabriz, he returned to Qum and Käshän, continuing on to Yazd, Shiriz, Hormuz. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 140 SOURCE for Isatichae owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Isatichae, 54.3675, 31.897223, IR, nkn, exact, 70, tmcIRa0100_036a » assumed to be same as Yaz 12/05/02 « Yezd is a city of considerable antiquity, since its name apparently occurs, under the form of ?σατίχαι (Isatichai), in Ptolemy's Greek geography, where it is named among the few towns of the desert of Carmania. (1) According to Persian tradition, moreover, it must have been known in Alexander's time, having been used by the victorious invader as a place of confinement for his prisoners of war. (2) The common view associates the name Yezd, or Yazd, with Yazdagard I (A.D. 399-420), father of Bahram Gor, probably as the rebuilder rather than the original founder. (3)fn. 1 Ptolemy, Geography, 6. 6. 2. This name is not to be confused with Istakhr (Curzon, Persia, 2. 239).fn. 2 On this latter point (drawn froin Hafiz) and for the common view re-garding Yezd (Yazd) and Yazdagard, see Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, pp. 419-420.fn. 3 For remarks on the name of Yezd and Kathah, see note i at the end of this chapter, p. 351. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 348 SOURCE for Isatis #836 Warrington, John (ed.), Everyman's Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography, J M Dent and Sons Ltd, 1952, ~ p. 13 SOURCE for Issatis « Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder, d. 79 CE), in his Natural History, mentioned a town of the Parthian period called “Issatis”, which would seem to correspond with the tribal name of the Asagarta/Istachae/Sagartians.(15) Some scholars have proposed that Yazd thus began as Issatis (rendered also Isatichae, Ysatis, Yasatis) in Median or Achaemenian times.(16) Pliny, however, asserted that Issatis was situated in a chora (also choara, choarena: ‘district’) near the southern foothills of the Alburz Mountains - this would perhaps be at or close to Simnān (Semnān), meaning with the Alburz range to the north and the Dašt-i Kavir to the south. That location would fit well with Pliny’s statement that Issatis was built on a clifftop, rather than in the long inter-desert oasis valley where Yazd arose.(17) However, because the Sagartians were nomads, their range of habitation may very well have extended from Simnān down to Yazd by the time of the Parthian kings. Their territory would then skirt the Dašt-i Kavir, lying between those two pastoral zones, and permit the single toponym ‘Issatis’ for both locations in pre-Islamic times.(18)fn. 15 Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus), Natural History, ed. and trans. Horace Rackham and others, 10 vols (London: Heinemann, 1938-63): VI, pp. 44, 113. fn. 16 Tomaschek, Wilhelm, “Zur Historischen Topographie von Persien I: Die Strassenzüge der tabula Peutingeriana”, Sitzungsberichte der Philologisch-Historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 102 (Vienna: Gerold, 1883): pp. 145-231, here p. 165; Markwart (Marquart), Josef, “Beiträge zur Geschichte und Sage von Erān”, ZDMG, XLIX (1895): pp. 628-72, here p. 669. fn. 17 As observed by Christensen, Decline: pp. 288-9 note 21. fn. 18 For additional discussion on the tribe’s possible locations and range see also Frye, Richard N., The History of Ancient Iran (Munich: Beck, 1984): here p. 90; Eilers, Wilhelm, “Asagarta”, in EIr, II (1987): p. 701 (updated version at ); and Potts, Daniel T., Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014): pp. 102-8. » #3152 ed. David Durand-Guédy, Jürgen Paul, Roy Mottahedeh, Cities of Medieval Iran, Brill, Leiden, 2020 ~ pp. 222-3 SOURCE for Jesd « Jesd or Yezd; Persia 32.5 N 54.46 E 31 Fd » #3168 Alexander Keith Johnston, Index Geographicus Being a List Alphabetically Arranged of the Principal Places on the Globe... and Their Latitudes and Longitudes, W. Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh, 1864 ~ p. 284 « From Parra we spent eighteene dayes to Jesd, a Citie of Persia, passing through a very desolate countrey. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 85 SOURCE for Jest « Drauff kamen wir in die Stadt Jeſt, worinnen man die Seide in groffer Menge sehr kunstlich arbeitet. Sie ist die Hauptstadt in der Provinz Arach, [We then came to the city of Jeſt, where silk is produced in great quantities and very skillfully. It is the capital of the province of Arach.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 63 SOURCE for Jex « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Kuththa « Information from the Tabula Peutingeriana, which survives as a thirteenth century CE copy of a fourth or fifth century CE illustrated itinerarium,19 and is ascribed to a Roman archetype of the first century BCE, is also valuable for locating ancient Yazd. The Tabula notes a Parthian way station called Cetrora (perhaps derived from chora), along a road heading eastward from Hamadan. The place name Cetrora has been compared with an Islamic era toponym Ka?a/Kata/Kasa, meaning ‘hollow’ and hence ‘valley’ from Old Iranian and Avestan kata-, ‘enclosure’, for Yazd.(20) f. n. 20 Tomaschek, “Topographie”: p. 16. Tomaschek’s etymological suggestion, rather than his incorrect geographical locator, was followed by Williams Jackson, Abraham V., Persia Past and Present (London: Macmillan, 1906): pp. 351-2, but erroneously rejected by Christensen, Decline: p. 288, note 21. The toponym is also pronounced Kuththa, according to Barthold, Wilhelm, An Historical Geography of Iran, trans. Svat Soucek (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984): p. 167. Miller, Konrad, Itineraria romana, (Stuttgart: Strecker and Schröder, 1916): p. 797, linked Cetrora to the village of ?abis (present-day Šādāb in Kirman province) which is much too far to the east. » #3152 ed. David Durand-Guédy, Jürgen Paul, Roy Mottahedeh, Cities of Medieval Iran, Brill, Leiden, 2020 ~ p. 223 SOURCE for Yazd and from Nain to Yezd, where I also lived for a month. And from Yezd I proceeded to Sirjan » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109 SOURCE for Yesday « The 27. day we went some 7. forsongs to a Towne called Yesday. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52 SOURCE for Yezd « Yezd is a city about 2 miles in length from north-west to south-east and 1 miles broad. It is built almost entirely of mud or sun-dried bricks, a few of the better houses as well as some of the mosques and other public buildings being faced with burnt bricks.The fort or ancient city is surrounded by a high mud wall flanked by towers at about 50 yards interval. Outside this high wall runs a low one with a command of about 9 feet over the glacis, and giving a second tier of fire. Outside this lower mud wall runs a ditch with perpendicular unrevetted sides of a width and depth of about 20 feet. The weaker points of the building are defended by round towers connected with the main building by arched bridges; the ditch being widened in places so as to include the towers and yet preserve the same width throughout.The Governor lives in a fortified enclosure - the citadel, which is inside the fort. The citadel is the only part of the defences which are not in a ruinous and unserviceable condition. It is similar in construction to the rest of the fort, and like it, has mud walls about 30 to 40 feet in height. These are about 8 feet thick at the base and taper gradually upwards, till at the parapet the thickness does not exced 1 foot.It is entered by two gate-ways, one being on the north-west and the other on the south-east face. The ditch in each instance is crossed by a permanent single-arched bridge.The fort has evidently been unused as such for many years, the interior being choked up with a mass of houses, through which run nar-row winding streets, some of which are roofed over and so low that it is impossible for a horseman to ride through them. In many places all the interior works have fallen away, leaving lines of loop-holes 15 or 16 feet above the ground, where they are quite useless.The fort contains the Jama Masjid, an ancient building, whose lofty minarets are the first object to strike the eye when viewing the city from a distance. Several of the irregularly built bazars of the city wind in and out of the fort on the south-west side, and as they are roofed over, it is hard to tell whether one is inside or outside. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ pp. 25-26 « This encircling tract of sand, which is nearly thirty miles broad and many more miles long, is bounded on the south and west, and partly on the north, by ranges of rugged hills, while a belt of sand-dunes on the east reaches almost to the walls of Yezd, but is kept back by gardens, whose green tinge affords a welcome contrast to the brown and parched aspect of all around.Yezd is a city of considerable antiquity, since its name apparently occurs, under the form of ?σατίχαι (Isatichai), in Ptolemy's Greek geography, where it is named among the few towns of the desert of Carmania. (1) According to Persian tradition, moreover, it must have been known in Alexander's time, having been used by the victorious invader as a place of confinement for his prisoners of war. (2) The common view associates the name Yezd, or Yazd, with Yazdagard I (A.D. 399-420), father of Bahram Gor, probably as the rebuilder rather than the original founder. (3)fn 1 Ptolemy, Geography, 6. 6. 2. This name is not to be confused with Istakhr (Curzon, Persia, 2. 239).fn 2 On this latter point (drawn fron Hafiz) and for the common view regarding Yezd (Yazd) and Yazdagard see Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, pp. 419-420.fn 3 For remarks on the name of Yezd and Kathah see note i at the end of chapter, p. 351 » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 348 « at twenty miles enter a sandy desert, range of mountains on the left running off across the sandy plain ; at twenty six miles the city of Yezd. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 421 « entered the sandy plain wherein lies the ancient city of Yezd , towards which we wound our way through gardens and cornfields. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 362

R168-030 Eshkidur
R168-030 Eshkidur : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ash Kuzar , Ashk Dez , Ashkakzar , Ashkazar , Ashkezar , Askizar , آشككزار , اسكيزار , اشك دز , اشكذر , اشکذر ,
VARIANT names: Ashkakzar , Eshkidur ,
SOURCE for Ashkakzar
SOURCE for Eshkidur
« 24th June. Leaving Yezd this day, I marched westerly along the base of the hills over a deep sandy road. The gardens on either side extend for six miles. At fourteen miles I passed through a large village called Eshkidur, and winding over sand-hills, altered my course more northerly. At twenty-four miles arrived at Yezdawah, a small town, the country around well cultivated, and affording plenty of water. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422

R168-044 Senna : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sanandaj , Senna , Senneh , Sinandij , Sinneh , سن , سنندج , سنه ,
VARIANT names: Sanandaj ,
SOURCE for Sanandaj
« Sanandaj » in {map#1326 , #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~, , fig. Abb. 3 Karte Irans, Ausschnitt der Regionen Teheran - Esfahan - Shiraz}

R168-045 Kirmanshaw
R168-045 Kirmanshaw : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bahtaran , Bakhtaran , Kermansah , Kermanshah , Kermanshahan , Qahremanshahr ,
VARIANT names: Caramanscia , Carmancha , Karamanscia , Karmasin , Kermanchah , Kerman-Chah , Kermanshah , Kirmansha , Kirmanshahan , Kirmisin , Qarmasin , Qirmisin ,
SOURCE for Caramanscia
« Arrivammo con non piccolo ſtento dopo tredici giorni, che uſciti eramo da Babilonia, alla prima Città di Perſia nominata Caramanſcià, numeroſa di abitanti al numero allora di dieci mila ora però ſono due anni, che è ſtata affatto rovinata dal partito degl'Aguani. [We arrived with no small difficulty thirteen days after we left Babylon at the first city of Persia called Karamanshah, which at that time had a population of ten thousand, but which has now been completely ruined by the party of the Aguans for two years.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 19
SOURCE for Carmancha
« Nous arrivâmes à Carmancha le douziéme fur les huit heures du matin. Cette Ville eft la der niere de Perſe, et n'a rien de parsiculier finon que c'eſt une grande Ville où l'on voit quantité de ruines. Je croy que c'eſt le lieu de toute la Perſe, où il y a un plus grand nombre de cimetieres, co qui fait connoître que cette Ville a été autrefois fort peuplée. [We arrived at Carmancha on the twelfth at eight o'clock in the morning. This city is the last in Persia, and has nothing particularly remarkable about it except that it is a large city where one sees a great many ruins. I believe it is the place in all of Persia where there are the greatest number of cemeteries, which shows that this city was once very populated.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 pp. 131-2
SOURCE for Karamanscia
« Accompagnatomi per tanto con alcuni Mercadanti, in tre giorni giunſi a Karamanfcia, ove ebbi rincontro, che mercè l'impegno di Mester-Darel Fattore Ingleſe, era ſtata ridata la cafa, e la libertà al Padre, il quale per riaverſi dal. fofferto travaglio fi era portato a Baffora, ſollecitandomi a darmi fretta nel cammino. [Accompanied therefore by some merchants, in three days I reached Karamanfaya, where I learned that, thanks to the efforts of Master Darrel, the English Farmer, the house and liberty had been restored to the Father, who, to recover from the suffering he had suffered, had taken me to Baffora, urging me to hasten on my journey.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Karmasin
« Kermanshah, or Kermanshahan, as it was more generally called in former times, is a place of considerable antiquity as well as the modern capital of the district of the same name. (1) fn. 1 The Arab pronunciation of theof the town varies betweenKarmasin and Kirmlsln. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 230
SOURCE for Kermanchah
« Nous arrivames le 23 en fix heures à Kirmanchah (3), ancienne ville à 30 fieues au Sud-Oueſt de Hemedan, fui-vant le Géographe Turc.
fn. 3 Kirmanchah eſt ſuivant les Etvals à 23 d de long. fur 34 d. 30 m. de lat. ſuivant le Canon de long. fur 34 d. 10 m. de lat. (4) Dinever eft fuivant le Géographe Turc 82 d. de long. fur 36 de lat. ſuivant les Etvals à 73 d. de long. fur 35 de lat. et fui-le Canon à 76 d. de long. fur 35 de lat. [We arrived on the 23rd at four o'clock in Kirmanchah (3), an ancient town 30 fieues to the South-West of Hemedan, before the Turkish Geographer.
fn. 3 Kirmanchah is according to the Etvals 23 d in length. fur 34 d. 30 m. in lat. following the Canon long. fur 34 d. 10 m. in lat. (4) Dinever is according to the Turkish Geographer 82 d. in length. fur 36 in lat. following the Etvals 73 d. in length. fur 35 in lat. and after the Canon 76 d. in length. fur 35 in lat.] »
#2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 179
SOURCE for Kerman-Chah
« Désirant håter notre arrivée à Kermán-Cháh, nous nous remîmes en chemin. Après avoir quelque temps marché dans la vallée, et traversé ensuite des collines incultes et pres-que nues, nous atteignîmes, le 19 novembre, vers midi, cette ville située au milieu d'une belle plaine. Avant d'y entrer, on passe le long de jardins plantés de divers arbres, et arrosés .par des eaux abondantes, que des canaux en-tretenus avec soin apportent des montagnes voisines. [Wishing to hasten our arrival at Kerman-Sha, we set out again. After walking for some time in the valley, and then crossing uncultivated and almost bare hills, we reached, on November 19, around noon, this town situated in the middle of a beautiful plain. Before entering it, one passes along gardens planted with various trees, and watered by abundant water, which carefully maintained canals bring from the neighboring mountains.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 232
SOURCE for Kermanshah
owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Kermanshah, 47.067, 34.317, IR, nkn, exact, 21, tmcIRa0100_048a »
« Thence there is a gradual descent to the plain, and Kermanshah is reached at 18 miles. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 154
« A short ride next day of four farsaks brought us to Kermanshah , the first town that we had seen in Persia . It stands in a fine , wellwatered plain , surrounded by lofty serrated mountains towering one above the other, with high and precipitous peaks , then still covered with snow. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 224
« We watered our horses at a small stream just below, and in the immediate skirts of the town; but not at the Kara Soo, as the maps had led me to expect from their placing that river west of Kermanshah. The appearance of the place, from this point of view, was that of a very large provincial town, but not of one which was the seat of Royalty. There were neither lofty minarets nor fine domes to be seen, and excepting the harem of the Shah Zadé, seated on an eminence in the midst of a verdant garden, and the octagonal and flat-topped kiosque of his own dwelling in the castle, there were no striking objects to arrest the attention. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 74
« our conjectures were soon set at rest by one of the company, with a long beard, saluting us in the European military fashion, and in the French language, bidding us welcome to Kermanshah. The party consisted of the Euro-pean residents of the city, together with their united trains of servants and followers: of these there were Messieurs De Veaux and Court, the two French officers, to whom we had letters; two Italians; and another person, call-ing himself a Spaniard, of whom more hereafter.We did not come within sight of the town till we had entered a deep and broad ravine, at the top of which it is situated. Kermanshah is encompassed with gardens, and decked with numerous small kiosks (pleasure-houses). It is laid out in walks, canals, and reservoirs: of water, all of which have a picturesque effect on the approach. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 pp. 13-14
« la ville de Kermanshah, dernière place forte ottomane aux mains d'un seigneur kurde. La frontière passe à l'époque par le Qareh Su, qu'on traverse sur le pont dit Pol-i Shah, [The city of Kermanshah, the last Ottoman stronghold in the hands of a Kurdish lord. At that time, the border ran through the Qareh Su, which was crossed via the bridge known as Pol-i Shah.] » #3620 Stefanos Yerasimos, Les voyageurs dans l'Empire Ottoman (XIV - XVI siecles). Bibliographie, itineraires et inventaire des lieux habites., Imprimerie De La Sociêtê Turquie D'histoire,, Ankara, 1991 ~ p. 80
« Kirmanshah, approached from the south-west, added no elements of picturesqueness to the effect. A ruinous wall much too large for the shrunken city it encloses, parts of it lying in the moat, some ruinous loopholed towers, lines of small domes denoting bazars below, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 98
« Es Aga Hassan oriundo de Bagdad, comerciante rico, rodeado, por su carácter oficial, de la mayor consideracion; la casualidad hizo, empero, que, á los tres dias de conocerle, se ausentase, y sin él, único con quien hablaba yo árabe, y me aconsejaba para la continuacion del viaje, me hallé en Kermanshah como en un desierto. [Aga Hassan, originally from Baghdad, was a wealthy merchant, surrounded by the highest regard due to his official position; however, chance caused him to leave three days after I met him, and without him, the only one with whom I spoke Arabic and who advised me on the continuation of the journey, I found myself in Kermanshah as if in a desert.] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 107
SOURCE for Kirmansha
« January 9. We rose from Bisetoon and lay at Kirmansha. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 215
SOURCE for Kirmanshahan
« Kirmanshähän, thence 6 to Jakarmis, thence 5 to Hisäkävän village, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« Kirmanshah (or, more properly, Kirmanshahan), was probably founded by Bahram IV in the fourth century A.D. and named 'city of the kings of Kirman' because Bahram had been governor of Kirman province during the reign of his brother, Shahpur III. The Sassanian city was somewhat to the north of the present town, nearer Taq-i Bustan, and was captured by the Arabs in A.D. 649. » #888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1976 ~ p. 131
« Kirmānshāhān 6 » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for Kirmisin
« Ebul Feda appelle Kirmanchah Kirmiſin, et la place à neuf lieues de Halvan. {Ebul Feda calls Kirmanchah Kirmisin, and places it nine leagues from Halvan.] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 180
SOURCE for Qarmasin
« Qarmāsin ou Qarmisin V B2 Kirmānšāh. Iran. Cité de la circonscription de Hamadan. I 196, 197; Η 358, 361; Hur 19, 41; Qud 148, 198, 199, 226, 244; F 209, 211-17; Y 270; R 166; Muq 28, 51, 135, 257, 258, 384, 386, 393, 401. Yaq IV, 69-70; LS 186-87; Schw. 480 + index; DKI 371; ΕΙ II 1094-95 s.v. Kirmānšah. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 42
SOURCE for Qirmisin
« [Kermanshahan] = [Qirmisin] » #846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000, ~ p. 1318

R168-046 Bagdad
R168-046 Bagdad : place IRQ
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLC UFI: -3103581 coordinate: lat 33.3386111 long 44.3938889
NIMA/GNS names: Bagdad , Baghdad , Baghdad ,
VARIANT names: Bagdad , Bagdat , Bagdet , Baghdad , new Babylon , Pai-ta ,
SOURCE for Bagdad
« nous parti-mes de Bagdad le 6 de Juin [We left Baghdad on June 6th] » #2562 Jean Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Paris, 1748, ~ vol. 1 p. 168
« Notre intention, en quittant Bagdad, était d'abord de descendre le Tigre jusqu'à Bassora, et d'aller ensuite à Bender-Bouchêhr; [Our intention, on leaving Baghdad, was first to descend the Tigris to Basra, and then to go to Bender-Bouchehr;] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 218
« We quitted Bagdad by the gate of Imâm Azam, so called from its leading to the tomb of that saint, who is venerated as the chief of the Hanefies, and whose mausoleum is about an hour's ride to the north of the city. This was the gate by which I entered on my arrival here; and being in the N. E. quarter of Bagdad, it is the principal point of arrival and departure for all the great roads on the east side of the Tigris. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 4
« At eight miles fromBagdad wemet a caravan of Persians, which appeared to form the suite of some woman of rank. Nine veiled females, all mounted astride on horses, were riding in aline. She who bythe superiority of dress appeared to be the principal lady, had her horse led by an eunuch. We arrived in Bagdad at half-past three in the afternoon, having suffered so much from the intense heat of the sun that our hands and faces were completely blistered. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 pp. 218-9
Da Ispahan, del 17 di marzo 1617.
1. Con occasione di certe lettere, che per uomo a posta spedi-sco verso Italia, non voglio mancare di far parte a V. S. del mio viaggio dalla Babilonia in qua: ma, perchè ho poco tempo, il più brevemente che potrò, conforme le scrissi da Bagdad con le ultime mie, una de'ventitrè di decembre, e l'altra poscritta del due di gennaio; il quarto giorno del corrente anno 1617 partii da quella città nel modo che dirò. I Persiani, che sono oggi in guerra coi Turchi, fecero poco innanzi Natale una correria nel paese di Bagdad, e rovinarono una villa grossa, chiamata Mendeli. [From Ispahan, March 17, 1617.
1. On the occasion of certain letters that I am sending to Italy by post, I do not want to fail to inform Your Excellency of my journey from Babylon onwards. But, since I have little time, I will do so as briefly as possible, as I wrote to you from Baghdad with my last ones, one dated December 23rd and the other postscript dated January 2nd. On the fourth day of this year 1617, I left that city in the manner I will describe. The Persians, who are now at war with the Turks, made a raid on the country of Baghdad shortly before Christmas and destroyed a large village called Mendeli.]
SOURCE for Bagdat
« I came to Mando, eight p. a town belonging to the Turks. The 25th, eight p. to Emomester. The 26th, eight p. to Boroh, passed over a river in a boat, and came that night to Bagdat. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 219
« At Hispahan I abode thirteene dayes, and spent a moneths journey to Bagdat; which is a Citie about two English miles in compasse, seated on Tigris: neverthelesse it is very populous, and of great traffique of strangers, being the way to Persia, Turkie, and Arabia. Here I embarqued my selfe for Balsara; » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 86
« February 21. We rose from ye Caravansarai, and arrived about 12 o'clock this day at Bagdat (God be praised), all in good health, having been 71 dayes on our Journey from Spahan to this place. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 218
« D'Anna à Bagdat, jours. 4 » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 286
« Cette eſcorte ne marcha que deux jours avec nous, et ils ſe retirerent le cinquième dés que les troupes à pied et à cheval du Bacha de Bagdat parurent.Aprés avoir un peu côtoyé le Tygre, le ſeptiéme au matin nous fùmes loger à Bagdat chez les Capucins qui occupent une maiſon du Roy, [This escort only marched with us for two days, and they withdrew on the fifth as soon as the Pasha of Baghdad's troops, both on foot and horseback, appeared.After skirting the Tigris for a while, on the morning of the seventh we were lodged in Baghdat with the Capuchins, who occupy a house belonging to the King.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 136
SOURCE for Bagdet
« The sixth day wee trauelled eightéene forsongs to the great City of Bagdet, or Babylon, where we staied vntill the twentie two day of October following.This City standeth vpon the great Riuer Euphrates, and is a great, rich, and strong City, with mighty strong wals, whereon are planted 100. and twenty péeces of brasse ordinance. » #3515 Robert Coverte, ed. Boies Penrose, The travels of Captain Robert Coverte, Wm. F. Fell co., printers, for Mr. Boies Penrose, 1931 ~ p. 85
SOURCE for Baghdad
« Parties of irregular horse were stationed at the caravanserais which have been built at regular distances on the much-frequented road between Hillah and Baghdad. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 2 p. 200
« thence 8 to Baghdad. Total (from Qasr-i-Shirin) to Baghdad 30 leagues, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 162
« From Baghdad to Asadābād in the direction of Hamadān: » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
SOURCE for new Babylon
« e finalmente dopo 41. giorni di pericoloſo, e rincrefcevole viaggio fopra il Chilech, giungemmo alla nuova Babilonia, nella di cui dogana trovai il Padre Emanuelle [and finally after 41 days of dangerous and unpleasant journey across Chile, we arrived at the new Babylon, in whose customs house I found Father Emanuelle.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 17
« In ſedeci giorni dopo la noſtra partenza da Sufa arrivammo in Babilonia, dove trovai il Padre mio-Compagno, che di già ritornato era da Baffora ammalato. [Sixteen days after our departure from Sufa we arrived in Babylon, where I found my Companion Father, who had already returned from Baffora and was ill.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Pai-ta
#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 117, 122 note 13