R186path E. G. Browne.kmz

R186path E. G. Browne

R186-040 Kala-i-Shur
R186-040 Kala-i-Shur : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 32.503895 long 51.753512 † basis (p)
Supplement: karvansaraye ghale shor کاروانسرای قلعه شور
Allegedly built in the 19th century under Muzaffar ed-Din Shah Qadjar by Hajji Mohammad Ali Khan
VARIANT names: caravanserail Qaleh-Chour , Kala-i-Shur , Karavanserail Qal'eh Shur , Qale-e-Shur Caravanserai ,
SOURCE for caravanserail Qaleh-Chour
« Le caravansérail Qaleh-Chour (fig. 61, site 30) indique par son nom la qualité des eaux l'ali-mentant. Un ghanat venant des montagnes voisines, traverse en effet, sur une petite distance, les terrains salés qui bordent les sols alluvionnaires du Zayandeh-roûd. A 25 km. au Sud de la ville, sur l'ancienne piste de Chiraz, le bâtiment fut construit par Hadji Mohammed Ali Khan (sous Mouzaffar-ed-Din Chah). Ce haut personnage avait là une grosse propriété de cam-pagne, maintenant très ruinée (3). Bâti au même moment, il y a une centaine d'années, l'édifice caravanier ne fut pas totalement en terre; des parties verticales, un peu mieux construites, reçurent un parement de briques cuites. Les arcs sont d'une brique (0,22) et les voûtes d'une demi-brique. A part cette carapace infime, tout le reste n'est que bourrage de terre. Il semble bien que l'écurie arrière, ruinée, ne reçut même pas cette fragile protection.fn 3C'est un enclos carré où de chaque côté d'une ruelle centrale, sont disposées quatre cours. L'une pour les services de la résidence, les autres pour les écuries, les paysans et la ferme. La résidence fréquentée à la belle saison, consiste uniquement en un vaste bala-khaneh.Le tout est en état de ruine avancée.[The Qaleh-Chour caravanserai (fig. 61, site 30) indicates by its name the quality of the waters that supply it. A ghanat (a type of river) coming from the nearby mountains crosses, for a short distance, the saline lands bordering the alluvial soils of the Zayandeh-roud. 25 km south of the town, on the old Shiraz road, the building was constructed by Haji Mohammed Ali Khan (under Muzaffar-ed-Din Shah). This high-ranking official owned a large country estate there, now in a state of considerable ruin (3). Built around the same time, about a hundred years ago, the caravanserai was not entirely made of earth; some of the vertical sections, somewhat better constructed, were faced with baked bricks. The arches are made of one brick (0.22 m) and the vaults of half a brick. Apart from this thin shell, everything else is just earth. It seems that the ruined rear stable didn't even receive this fragile protection.fn 3 It is a square enclosure where, on each side of a central alley, are four courtyards. One for the residence's services, the others for the stables, the peasants, and the farm. The residence, frequented in the summer months, consists solely of a large bala-khaneh.The whole thing is in a state of advanced ruin.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 194
SOURCE for Kala-i-Shur
« I was compelled, therefore, to abandon all hopes of getting further than Marg, some three parasangs distant from Julfá, and to resign myself to an idle morning. It was not till after lunch that all was ready for the start, and, bidding farewell to my kind host, Dr. Hoernle, I mounted the sorry steed assigned to me, and, with my mind filled with delightful anticipations, turned my face in the direction of Shíráz. Karapit, the head servant of the Mission, accompanied me on my way as far as the "Farewell Fountain" (rendered conspicuous by the solitary tree which stands beside it), and even for some distance beyond it, till the post-house of Marg appeared in the distance. Then he turned back, wishing us a good journey; and a monotonous ride of an hour or so brought us to our halting-place (which the muleteers, for some reason, had changed from Marg to a village somewhat further on, called Kala-i-Shúr) while it was still early in the afternoon. We put up at a dilapidated caravansaray, where nothing occurred to vary the monotony, except the arrival, some time after sunset, of a party of Jewish minstrels and dancing-boys, who were, like ourselves, bound for Shíráz. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 221
SOURCE for Karavanserail Qal'eh Shur
« Karavanserail Qal'eh Shur (Abb. 12; 271) 145Lage: 25 km südlich Esfahan (Zentrum) im Bereich der modernen Vorstadt-Siedlungen, am alten Karawanenweg von Esfahan nach Shiraz, der weiter östlich verlief als die moderne Asphaltstraße (Autobahn) Esfahan - Shahreza - Abadeh Shiraz, in der Flußebene des Zayandeh Rud auf dessen Süd-ufer, in etwa +1500 m ü.N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und umlaufen-dem Stall. Keine Ecktürme, kein vorgezogener Portalbau.Abmessungen: 55,50 x 54,50 m Außenmaße, 27 x 27 m Hofabmessungen. Höhenmaße sind unbekannt.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis zur Vermes-sung durch M. Siroux gut erhalten, mittlerweile bei der Stadt-erweiterung umbaut.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Angeblich unter Muzaffar ed-Din Shah Qadjar durch Hadji Mohammad Ali Khan im 19. Jahrhun-dert erbaut. [Caravanserail Qal'eh Shur (Fig. 12; 271) 145Location: 25 km south of Esfahan (city center) in the area of ??modern suburban settlements, on the old caravan route from Esfahan to Shiraz, which ran further east than the modern asphalt road (highway) Esfahan - Shahreza - Abadeh Shiraz, in the Zayandeh Rud river plain on its southern bank, at approximately 1500 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and a surrounding stable. No corner towers, no projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 55.50 x 54.50 m external dimensions, 27 x 27 m courtyard dimensions. Elevation is unknown.Building material: Fired bricks. Architectural features and condition: Well-preserved until its survey by M. Siroux, it has since been surrounded by buildings during city expansion.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Allegedly built in the 19th century under Muzaffar ed-Din Shah Qadjar by Hajji Mohammad Ali Khan.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 137
SOURCE for Qale-e-Shur Caravanserai

R186-039 Julfa : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013315 coordinate: lat 32.632527 long 51.655854
NIMA/GNS names: Jolfa , Julfa , Mahalleh-ye Jolfa , جلفا , محله جلفا ,
VARIANT names: Joulpha , Julfa , Sjulfa ,
SOURCE for Joulpha
« The 18th daye being Fridaye Doctor Goche. my self and some more of my fellowes ridd to see the Armenian Patriarke (2) wch liues in Joulpha [Julfa] (3) wthin the subvrbes of the citie of Spahone;
fn. 2 This is possibly the Vardapet Kachadur mentioned by Père Pacifique de Provins, writing in I631.
fn. 3 The Armenians of the town of Julfa on the north-western frontier of Persia were removed by 'Abbas to Ispahan in I605, where he built for them the city of New Julfa on the opposite bank of the river. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 69
SOURCE for Julfa
« JULFÁ is, as I have said, situated at some distance from Isfahan, and to walk from the Mission- House to the bazaars requires the best part of an hour » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 199
SOURCE for Sjulfa
Alhier ontmoetede ons de Calenter of Prins van Sjulfa met eenige Armeniers, dewelke na een beleefde groeting met zyn Ed: is voortgereden, latende Sjulfa aan de regterhand leggen, het welk van Spahan ontrent een uur verre afgelegen is. [Here we were met by the Calenter or Prince of Sjulfa with some Armenians, who after a polite greeting with his Ed: rode on, leaving Sjulfa on the right-hand side, which is about an hour's distance from Spahan.]

R186-041 Mahyar Caravanserai
R186-041 Mahyar Caravanserai : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 32.265004 long 51.809835 † basis (p) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Mahyar , Mahyar Caravanserai , Mahyar Caravanserai , Majaart Karrawaniera , Mayar , new building , SOURCE for Karavanserail Mahyar « Karavanserail Mahyar (Abb. 12; 274) 149Lage: Am Rand des Dorfes Mahyar, 50 km südlich Es-fahan (Zentrum), an der Straße Esfahan - Shiraz.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, ohne Türme. Vorhof vor dem Portalbau und flankie-rende, überwölbte >>Ladenstraße mit Geschäften und einem Andachtsraum.Abmessungen: 89 x 82m Außenmaße, 48,30 x 38,70 m Hofabmessungen. 4,85 m Breite der "Ladenstraße" vor dem Eingang, Tiefe des Vorhofes 15,55 m. Höhe der Hoffassaden 6,60 m (Abb. 275). [Mahyar Caravanserai (Fig. 12; 274) 149Location: On the edge of the village of Mahyar, 50 km south of Esfahan (city center), on the Esfahan-Shiraz road.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, and no towers. A forecourt lay in front of the entrance building, flanked by a vaulted arcade with shops and a prayer room.Dimensions: 89 x 82 m external dimensions, 48.30 x 38.70 m courtyard dimensions. 4.85 m width of the arcade in front of the entrance, forecourt depth 15.55 m. Height of the courtyard facades 6.60 m (Fig. 275).] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 139 SOURCE for Mahyar Caravanserai « towards Mayar, at 30 miles. This village is an irregular polygon, surrounded by high walls with loop-holed towers, now in ruins (Curzon), and is situated among gardens and cultivation, immediately under the steep, rocky range to the left of the valley. There is a small post-house outside the village, with a good well and a large masonry caravansarai, in dilapidated condition.. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187 SOURCE for Mahyar Caravanserai «1668-016 Mahyār Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 15 54.06 E51 48 35.04 0.92 ha 76.45 ha» [accessed 17 Mar 2025] « It was not yet 3 P.M. when we reached Mayár, and halted at an old caravansaray, the construction of which was, as usual , attributed to Shah Abbás. There was nothing to do but to wile away the time as well as might be by lounging about, looking at the few travellers who had taken up their quarters at this disconsolate spot, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 222 SOURCE for Majaart Karrawaniera « Hier is een koftelyke nieuwe Karrawaniera, voorzien van een groote menigte van huizinge voor de Reizigers, ook van watertanken, of bemetzelde Vyvers, om zig te walichen, Men kan ook daar van alles te koop krygen, wat men benoodigd is, alzoo daar groote Botiken, of winkels zyn. Daar is ook een groote opene plaats, duar een cierlyk opene Talaal of Galdery, van blaeuwe fleen gemetzeld is, ontrent 4 a 5 voeten hoog, met fleene trappen, daar men gemeenelyk gaat zitten Kaljang rooken, of Coffi drinken. Deze Karawanfera is geftigt doar den jegenwoordig regerende Koning, dog was nog niet voltoit. [Here is a charming new Karawanfera, equipped with a large number of houses for travelers, as well as water tanks or brick-lined pints for refreshment. One can also buy anything one needs there, as there are large shops or stores. There is also a large open space with an ornate, open talaal or gallery, made of blue brick, about 4 or 5 feet high, with small steps, where people usually sit to smoke kaljang or drink coffee. This Karawanfera was founded by the current reigning King, but was not yet completed.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 pp. 259-60 SOURCE for Mayar « The next Day brought us to Mayar (3), Twenty Miles fn 3 Mayar, the Moyeor of Herbert (149), about 25 miles S.S.E. of Ispahan. "Mahiar, where there is a very good Inn. But the land between this and Ispahan is all very barren and without wood" (Tavernier, 245). For this place, see Curzon, ii, 61: Morier, First Journey, 151, Second Journey, 127: Browne, 222: Wills, 357. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ pp. 238-9 SOURCE for new building « Man ging 1/4 Stunde durch das Dorf SO + 0 zu einem neuen Werke, welches von einem modernen Konige gestiftet wurde. Es bestand in einem neuen Tschahar Bagh (= vier Garten) und einer vortrefflichen Karawanserei, die noch unter den Handen der Architekten war und erst die Grundlage empfangen hatte. Die Back.steine waren aUe weiE und kosdich. Sie wurden nebst dem Kalke daselbst gebrannt, wozu mit Miihe ein Geriist gemacht war, urn Holz und Steine durch Esel hinzuzuschaffen. (Kleine Zeichnung des aufwarts fuhrenden Stegs.) Urn die Muhe weidau6ger Beschreibung zu sparen, setze ich den GrundriE her (Zeichnung). [One walked for a quarter of an hour through the village southeast of the east to a new building, which had been commissioned by a modern king. It consisted of a new chahar bagh (four gardens) and an excellent caravanserai, which was still under construction and had only just received its foundation. The bricks were all white and coarse. They were fired there along with the lime, for which a bridge had been laboriously built to transport wood and stones by donkey. (Small drawing of the uphill bridge.) To save the trouble of a lengthy description, I am providing the ground plan (drawing).] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 86

R186-042 Kumishah
R186-042 Kumishah : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013096 coordinate: lat 32.0089 long 51.8668
NIMA/GNS names: Qomisheh , Qomsheh , Qowmsheh , Qumisheh , Shahreza , Shahriza , شهرضا , قمشه ,
VARIANT names: Canischa , Carmaça , Comashaw , Comche , Comicha , Comiffia , Comixan , Commeshaw , Comsce , Comushow , Komeshae , Kommehsja or Gomosja , Komminsja , Koomeshah , Kumeshah , Kumishah , Qomishah , Qumishah , Qumisheh ,
SOURCE for Canischa
« On the 18 ... Before night we got the hilly Countrey and set down in the village Canischa, where, by reason of bad Weather, we rested 3 days with the Caravan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 328
SOURCE for Carmaça
« Fernão Gomes and party were well received by Bedijam Beça and departed his campo on the following Friday, ie, the Friday of June 22nd, accompanied by the said Bedijam Beça a league along the way, and Fernão Gomes de Lemos with company arrived at Carmaça (Qomishah), described in the codice of Ajuda as a place of one hundred inhabitants, with a very good fortress, and which in former times was a very rich and populous city, but by reason of rebellion had been largely destroyed by Xeque Ismael. » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970~p. 42
SOURCE for Comashaw
« 7 [February]. In the morning, about 7 a'clock sett out for Comashaw. In the way Mr. Welden rideing after an antolope fell down, horse and man, and hurt himself, but not dangerous. Came to our mansell about 12 at noon. Here is a good towne where may have all manner of catables. From Mayer to Comashaw is a fine garden, a Coffee house, fine tanke full of fish, some with gold rings in their noses. The place is called Shaw Rasay after a Persian saints name. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Comche
« Le vingt-sixième à trois heures après minuit, je commençai à marcher par une plaine fort sèche, mais qui se rend bonne à une lieue de Comché, assez grande ville où j'arrivai à onze heures du matin. Il y a plusieurs carvanseras, et pour n'être que de terre ils sont assez beaux. Cette ville est composée d'une suite de villages qui tiennent près de demi-lieue de long. [On the twenty-sixth, at three o'clock in the morning, I began walking across a very dry plain, which becomes passable a league from Comché, a fairly large town where I arrived at eleven o'clock in the morning. There are several caravansersas there, and for being made only of earth, they are quite beautiful. This town is made up of a series of villages that stretch for nearly half a league.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Comicha
« Ma traite s'acheva à Comicha (1): c'est une villace qui est fort grande à la vérité, car elle a plus de trois milles de tour; mais qui ressemble jdIus à un village qu'à une ville.
fn. 1Hhamd-oûllah place dans la province de Fårs « Qomichah et Qoulendjan, qui faisoient autrefois partie de l'Tràq, et qui sont situés sur les confins de cette province, et sur ceux du Färsistan.Qoùlendjan est un château de terre, et a plusieurs cantons dans sa dépendance; il fait partie du gouvernement de Qòmichali. Le climat en est à peu près le même que celui d'Isspahan; l'eau y vient par des aquedues souterrain; le sol y produit du blé, des fruits, du raisin; les habitans ressemblent à ceux d'Isspahan pour le carac-tère et le physique: ils ont toujours été adonnés à la double passion pour l'un et l'autre sexe. » Nozahat al-Qoloub, pag. 169 et 170 du nº. 127 des manuscrits persans de la Bibliothèque Impériale.P. Della Valle place Comsu (Qòmichah) à cinq ou six licues de Mayar. Fryer (Travels, pag. 25g), dit que le nom de ce bourg signilie ami du roi; mais je doute de la justesse de cette ex-plication. La Relation de Silva Figueroa (pag. 173) s'accorde avec le texte du géographe persan, touciant les canaux ou aque ducs souterrains qui contribuent à la fertilité de Qòmichah. (L-s.) [My journey ended at Comicha (1): it is a very large village, indeed, for it is more than three miles around; but it resembles more a village than a town.fn. 1 Hamd-ullah places in the province of Fars « Qomicha and Qulenjan, which were formerly part of Traq, and which are located on the borders of this province, and on those of Faristan.Qulenjan is an earthen castle, and has several cantons within its dependence; it is part of the government of Qomichali. The climate is roughly the same as that of Isfahan; water comes there through underground aqueducts; the soil produces wheat, fruit, and grapes; The inhabitants resemble those of Isfahan in character and physique: they have always been given to a dual passion for both sexes." Nozahat al-Qoloub, pp. 169 and 170 of No. 127 of the Persian manuscripts of the Imperial Library.P. Della Valle places Comsu (Qomichah) five or six miles from Mayar. Fryer (Travels, p. 25g) says that the name of this town means "friend of the king"; but I doubt the accuracy of this explanation. Silva Figueroa's Relation (p. 173) agrees with the Persian geographer's text, referring to the underground canals or aqueducts that contribute to the fertility of Qomichah. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 197-8
SOURCE for Comiffia
« Den 23. paficerden wy door Comiffia, zynde een tamelyke groote plaats, en redelyk digt bebouwd. Zyn ed: wierd gedurig in eer Palankyn gedragen. [On the 23rd we passed through Comiffia, a fairly large place, and fairly densely built up. His ed: was always carried in honourable manner.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260
SOURCE for Comixan
« 17 del dicho mes, y auiendose caminado seis leguas por camino llano y buena tierra, aunque sin arbol alguno, llegó á un buen lugar á que dauan nombre de çiudad, llamado Comixan, de quatrocien-tos ó quinientos veçinos. [On the 17th of the said month, and having traveled six leagues along a flat road and good land, although without any tree, he arrived at a good place that they called a city, called Comixan, with four hundred or five hundred neighbors.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 15
SOURCE for Commeshaw
« from Amno-baut we rode next day to Commeshaw, a Towne boafting in a thousand houſes and much Antiquitie. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 148
SOURCE for Comsce
« e, camminate cinque o sei altre leghe, la mattina del lunedi, col sole già alto, ci fer-mammo a riposare in un caravanserai di una villa grossa che chiamano Comscè; [and, after walking five or six more leagues, on Monday morning, with the sun already high, we stopped to rest in a caravan of a large villa which they call Comscè;] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Comushow
The 13th daye we came to Comushow [Qumishah], a fine plesant towne lying on a playne environed wth rockes. Here is good store of water. This towne is the last towne of the Kinges. Here we picht, hauing traveled 6 lges. of a very good waye.
« The 13th daye we came to Comushow [Qumishah], a fine plesant towne lying on a playne environed wth rockes. Here is good store of water. This towne is the last towne of the Kinges. Here we picht, hauing traveled 6 lges. of a very good waye. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 74
SOURCE for Komeshae
« Our whole distance was six fursucks, according to report, which we rode in about seven hours, as it was full an hour past noon when we entered Komeshae. At the distance of a mile before we reached this place, we came on the ruins of a deserted village, where there were now only a few gardens artificially watered, several large pigeon towers like those at I"paban, and an extensive burying-ground. The principal object visible in this last, was a large tomb, crowned by a cupola rising from amidst trees, and standing at the foot of a rocky mountain, its sacred precincts being marked by an enclosing wall. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 242
SOURCE for Kommehsja or Gomosja
« den 23. gereist zur Stadt Kommehsja oder Gomosja (Qomescha -Schahresa) in 7 Stunden etwa 6 Farsach, [On the 23rd, I traveled to the city of Kommehsja or Gomosja (Qomescha - Shahresa) in 7 hours, about 6 farsachs. ] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Komminsja
« Nous nous remimes en chemin le wingt-huitième, fur les 3. heures du matin, et paffämes à côté d'un moulin à cau, fur une petite riviere, que nous traverfames deux fois fur de petits ponts de pierre, et arrivames fur les 10. heures du matin à un grand bourg, nommé Komminsja, rempli de jardins et de petites tours, qui fervent de colombiers. [We set off again on the eighth, at 3 o'clock in the morning, and passed by a watermill, on a small river, which we crossed twice on small stone bridges, and arrived at 10 o'clock in the morning at a large town, named Komminsja, full of gardens and small towers, which were full of dovecotes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 254
SOURCE for Koomeshah
« We fared no better the next evening at the small town of Koomeshah » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 345
SOURCE for Kumeshah
« Leaving Mayar, the road crosses a wide, barren plain, surrounded by hills, to a small caravansarai called Atyab Shah, where water is brought in kanats. From here to camp there is a sprink- ling of villages. The last 2 miles are over rough ground, and two bridged nalas are passed. Kumeshah is a considerable walled town with good water from kanats. Several small caravansarais and a telegraph station, situated a quarter of a mile from a precipitous range of hills to the left of the valley. Supplies of all kinds procurable. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187
« At Kumeshah, the last stage but one before reaching Isfahan, I happened on a hospitable inspector of telegraphs, who entertained me royally, and gave me news again of the outside world. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 276
SOURCE for Kumishah
« Soon after 2 P.M. we came in sight of the blue dome of an Imámzádé, situated in the precincts of the considerable town of Kumishah. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 222
SOURCE for Qomishah
SOURCE for Qumishah
« thence 6 to Qūmishah city; total from Isfahan to Qūmishah 14 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175-6
SOURCE for Qumisheh

R186-043 Maksud Beg
R186-043 Maksud Beg : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3074006 coordinate: lat 31.81771143 long 52.00320764
NIMA/GNS names: Magsud Beyk , Maqsud Begi , Maqsud Beyk ,
Supplement: Kleiss states « The eight caravanserail buildings of Maqsud Beyk, seven of which could be identified, extend over a distance of 2 km from north to south on both sides of the Esfahan Abadeh - Shiraz road (Fig. 277). » Now only one can be possibly identified that is Maqsud Beyk, Karavanserail VI.
VARIANT names: caravasar , Carawansera , Die Karavanserails von Maqsud Beyk , Karawanserei Myrsa kuczik Kala , Machsud carauansera , Magfoe-begie caravanserai , Mahsud , Maksoubegui , Maksud Beg , Maksudbegi , Maqsud Begi , Marzubeki , Mirza-Kut-chec , Moxabeg , Moxutebeggy , Muchsawbeggu , Muksood Beggy ,
SOURCE for caravasar
« A 16 caminó la caravana siete leguas, á una mucho mas pobre y miserable aldea cuyo nonbre no mereçe hazerse memoria del; [At 16 the caravan traveled seven leagues, to a much poorer and more miserable village whose name does not deserve to be remembered;] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 14
SOURCE for Carawansera
« Upon the 22 we set forward again and had very hilly way, which
proved so incommodous that we travailed that day no more than 6 Dutch Miles, and took our Nights rest at a Carawansera, where we met another Caravan coming from Gammeron richly loaden with all sorts of Indian Commodities, and bound for several Markets in Persia. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 329
SOURCE for Die Karavanserails von Maqsud Beyk
« Die Karavanserails von Maqsud Beyk (Abb. 12; 277) (150)Lage: Maqsud Beyk liegt 35 km südöstlich von Shahreza (Qomsheh/ Qumisheh), 35 km nördlich von Izadkhast (Pro-vinz Fars), in +1900 m ü.N.N., an der Straße Esfahan Izadkhast - Shiraz, und 20 km nördlich von Karavanserail Aminabad (Provinz Fars). Maqsud Beyk ist der letzte Kara-wanenort in der Provinz Esfahan (moderne Provinzauftei-lung).Die 8 Karawanenbauten von Maqsud Beyk, von denen 7 erfaßt werden konnten, erstrecken sich auf einer Entfernung von 2 km von Nord nach Süd beiderseits der Straße Esfahan Abadeh - Shiraz (Abb. 277). Im Dorf Maqsud Beyk liegt eine stark befestigte Dorfburg, die gelegentlich auch als Un-terkunftsort für Reisende gedient haben mag (151).fn 150 Die sieben noch sichtbaren Karavanserail-Ruinen wurden am 9. 12. 1984 (Nr. V und VII), am 12.6.1987 (Nr. VI) und am 12. 12. 1988 (Nr. I, II, III und IV) vermessen.fn 151 W. Kleiss, AMI 26, 1993, 276ff. [The Caravanserails of Maqsud Beyk (Fig. 12; 277) (150)Location: Maqsud Beyk is located 35 km southeast of Shahreza (Qomsheh/Qumisheh), 35 km north of Izadkhast (Fars Province), at an elevation of 1900 m above sea level, on the Esfahan Izadkhast - Shiraz road, and 20 km north of the Aminabad Caravanserail (Fars Province). Maqsud Beyk is the last caravan settlement in the Esfahan Province (modern provincial division).The eight caravanserail buildings of Maqsud Beyk, seven of which could be identified, extend over a distance of 2 km from north to south on both sides of the Esfahan Abadeh - Shiraz road (Fig. 277). In the village of Maqsud Beyk lies a heavily fortified village castle, which may occasionally have served as accommodation for travelers (151).fn 150 The seven remaining caravanserai ruins were surveyed on December 9, 1984 (Nos. V and VII), on June 12, 1987 (No. VI), and on December 12, 1988 (Nos. I, II, III, and IV).fn 151 W. Kleiss, AMI 26, 1993, 276ff.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 141
SOURCE for Karawanserei Myrsa kuczik Kala
« Von dort 1/2 Stunde zur Karawanserei und zum Garten desselben Stifters geradewegs S + 0, wohin ein breiter, gleichma~iger Weg fiihrte. Hinter der Karawanserei war ein baumreicher Traubengarten mit dick bewachsenen Aileen von WeiBpappeln. Ein Wasser von den Hohen fiillte einen Teich und lief weiter nach Qomescha. -Diese Karawanserei mit ailem Anhang wurde genannt Myrsa kuczik Kala (Mirsi Kutschek Kili (?) oder Qal'a, Burg (?). Sie war wohlgebaut und zierlich, verfiel aber schon hie und da. Hatte von Ziegeln und Lehm auf dem gemeinen Erdgrunde erbaute [From there, a half-hour walk led directly south to the caravanserai and the garden of the same founder, to which a wide, level path led. Behind the caravanserai was a tree-filled vineyard with thick avenues of white poplars. A stream from the hills filled a pond and flowed on to Qomesha. This caravanserai with all its appurtenances was called Myrsa Kuczik Kala (Mirsi Kutschek Kili (?) or Qal'a, Castle (?). It was well-built and elegant, but already showing signs of decay here and there. It had been built of bricks and clay on common soil.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 88
SOURCE for Machsud carauansera
« The 19. I got six leagues, to the Village of Machsud. This Village hath a Carauansera well furnished with Lodg|ings and Stables. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
SOURCE for Magfoe-begie caravanserai
« Nous arrivámes fur les 11. heures au Caravanserai de Magfoe-begie, fans avoir rencontré juſques-là aucun gibier. Nous y trouvámes le long d'un petit canal des becaffines, des canards, des pigeons et desallouctes. [We arrived at the Magfoe-begie caravanserai at 11 o'clock, without having encountered any game until then. There, along a small canal, we found woodcocks, ducks, pigeons, and shelducks.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 254
SOURCE for Mahsud
« In the morning I rode to Mahsud. ... At length came Mahsud, the usual collection of mud walls, and a solitary chapar khaneh ; —' to my delight furnished with a table and a chair, on which I write this. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 275
SOURCE for Maksoubegui
« Le vingt-septième, je marchai depuis quatre heures du matin jusques à dix heures par une plaine bien ensemencée, et je logeai dans un carvansera appelé Maksoubegui. [On the twenty-seventh, I walked from four o'clock in the morning until ten o'clock through a well-sown plain, and I lodged in a carvansera called Maksoubegui.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ pp. 294-5
SOURCE for Maksud Beg
« the village of Maksúd Beg, where we arrived about 4.30 P.M. , was a most desolate - looking spot. Here we found the Jewish minstrels who had overtaken us at Marg entertaining the muleteers and villagers with a concert in the caravansaray. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 223
SOURCE for Maksudbegi
« and then over a wide cultivated valley to Kishara, a walled village, with a chaparkhana in cultivated country. Maksudbegi, after which this chaparkhana is named, is a walled village-like fort, quarter of a mile further on, and close under the precipitous hills on the left of the valley. Good crops of wheat and barley are grown here, and the villages are all supplied with water by kanats, and have each a few plough-bullocks. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187
SOURCE for Maqsud Begi
SOURCE for Marzubeki
« Daar na trokken wy door een dorp, genaamd Milakoerfiek, ennamen ons verblyf tot Marzubeki in een tamelyke Karrawanfera; dog de lyf-wagt nam haar verblyf in een tent, thaande nevem de Kartawanfera. Men heeft hier goed water, en ook viích; dog die is kleyn, en grondig. [Afterward, we passed through a village called Milakoorfiek and took up residence at Marzubeki in a fairly small Karrawanfera. However, the guards stayed in a tent near the Karrawanfera. There is good water here, as well as fish; however, it is small and plentiful.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260
SOURCE for Mirza-Kut-chec
« Le 5, je fis six petites lieues par le beau pays que j'ai représenté, qui est tout couvert de ruis-seaux et de villages. On en traverse un à moitié chemin, appelé Mirza-Kut-chec (Myrza Ku-tchuk), c'est-à-dire, petit prince, lequel durant l'été est un des agréables lieux qu'on puisse voir, et durant l'automne, celui où l'on mange les meilleurs melons. Sa principale beauté vient des jardins et des bâtimens qui y ont été faits par ce seigneur, de qui il porte le nom, qui étoit cèdre (ssedr), ou grand pontife, du temps d'A-bas - le - Grand, de qui il épousa une fille, à cause de quoi on lui donna ce nom de petit prince. Ma traite se termina à un joli village, nommé Maxud Bequi (1) du nom du ſeu fn. 1 Maqssoud Beyguy est situé à af milles anglais de Qòmichah, suivant Freyer (pag. 298 et 299), et à près de ao milles d'Yezd-Khôst, à cinq âghatch de Qomchah, suivant Thévenot, tom. IV, pag. 419. (L-s.) [On the 5th, I traveled six short leagues through the beautiful countryside I have depicted, which is covered with streams and villages. One is crossed halfway, called Mirza-Kut-chec (Myrza Ku-tchuk), that is, Little Prince, which during the summer is one of the pleasant places one can see, and during the autumn, the one where one eats the best melons. Its principal beauty comes from the gardens and buildings built there by this lord, after whom it is named, who was a cedar (ssedr), or high priest, in the time of Abas the Great, whose daughter he married, because of which he was given the name of Little Prince. My journey ended at a pretty village, named Maxud Bequi (1) after the name of the seu fn. 1 Maqssoud Beyguy is located at af English miles from Qòmichah, according to Freyer (pages 298 and 299), and at nearly ao miles from Yezd-Khôst, at five âghatch from Qomchah, according to Thévenot, tom. IV, page 419. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 202
SOURCE for Moxabeg
« Moxabeg » in {map#1322 Carte de l'itinéraire de Perse fait par Herbert, avec Dodmere Cotton, ambassadeur d'Angleterre, l'an 1627 / par P. du Val, , , }
« Next day, passing through De-Moxalbeg [Dih Maqsüd Begi], we got to Amno-baut [Aminābād], » #3211 ed Foster, William, Thomas Herbert, Travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ p. 119
SOURCE for Moxutebeggy
« Entering Parthia by this Mound, or heap of Earth, seemingly cast up on purpose to make this hollow Gulph, we were opposed by no other Mountains till we came to Moxutebeggy (1), though we encountred almost in every Village with old Castles made of Mud and almost turned to Earth again; fn 1 Maqsūd Begi, Maksud Beggi of Curzon's map (ii, 60), about 20 miles N. of Yezdikhast. Herbert (148) calls it De-Moxalbeg. According to Chardin, it took its name from "the late Lord Steward of Persia." "I travell'd...through a plain sow'd with store of grain, and lodg'd in an Inn called Maksonbegui” (Tavernier, 246). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 234
SOURCE for Muchsawbeggu
« About 5 in the Evening tooke leave of Mossrs. Weldon and Foulkes, the former beingabed by reason of his fall. Peter Lillye came with me to Muchsawbeggu, where arived about 10 at night, being 4 farsangs, good way; a bad caravensaroy, may have all things for a Traveller. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Muksood Beggy
« Our road over this plain lay about south-east by south, and at noon we reached the small station of Muksood Beggy. A large caravan from Shiraz, going to Ispahan, escorted by a troop of soldiers, had made their halt here, and every place of shelter was fully occupied by them. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 247

R186-043a Aminabad
R186-043a Aminabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 153066 coordinate: lat 28.8272 long 52.5183
NIMA/GNS names: Aminabad , امین آباد ,
VARIANT names: Aminabad , Amnaabad , Amnabat , Amnebad , Hannabath Carauansera ,
SOURCE for Aminabad
« Partis de Firūzābād, nous nous dirigeons vers la haute chaîne de Après la traversée du village d'Aminābād, nous passons à gué une large rivière, le Rüd-i Karikhlah; ensuite, longeant des champs cultivés ou laissés en friche, nous dépassons, à droite, les villages de Mushkün et de Naudaran. [Leaving Firūzābād, we head towards the high range of After crossing the village of Aminābād, we ford a wide river, the Rüd-i Karikhlah; then, skirting cultivated or fallow fields, we pass, on the right, the villages of Mushkūn and Naudaran.] » #3101 Vanden Berghe, L, Récentes découvertes de monuments sassanides dans le Fars, Iranica antiqua, Leiden, 1961 Vol.1: pp.163-198 ~ p. 165
« About 11.15 A.M. we halted for lunch at Amínábád, the last village in 'Irák. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 224
SOURCE for Amnaabad
« Le 6, je fis encore six petites lieues par un chemin aussi beau, et aussi aisé, que celui du jour précédent. Après trois lieues de marche, je traversai un grand village, nommé Amnaabad(1), c'est-à-dire, habitation sure, à cause d'une mai-son forte, en manière de chateau, qui y fut ba-tic il y a six vingts ans par Daoud Kan (2), frère du fameux Imam Koulikan, le généralissime d'A-bas-le-Grand; pour servir à chasser du pays des compagnies de voleurs, qui s'étoient rendues si formidables, qu'il n'y avoit ni caravanes de marchands, ni train de prince, qui pussent passer par là sans être volés, et souvent avec grand meurtre; à quoi Daoud Kan donna promptement si bon remède, que ce lieu qui étoit auparavant un coupe-gorge, devint très-assuré. On voit ce château sur le grand chemin, mais le dedans en est presque ruiné. Il fait face à un caravanserai, qui est des plus grands et des mieux bâtis du royaume.fn. 1 Anyu-dbé. Colonie de la foi, selon P. Della Valle (IV, pag. 303). La traduction de Chandin e préférable. Thisans place ce village à trois ighitch de Maqsood Beygy, et notant d'Yead-List. C. Le Brandit que co village spare Prese de la Posthide cu plate Triq A'djemy da Frutta xe C'est ainsi que les naturels d'expείσες (1)fn. 2 Vayer Del Khan, letom. Vit, pop, J. (1) [On the 6th, I traveled another six short leagues by a road as beautiful and as easy as that of the previous day. After three leagues of walking, I crossed a large village, named Amnaabad(1), that is to say, a safe habitation, because of a strong house, in the manner of a castle, which was built there six score years ago by Daoud Kan(2), brother of the famous Imam Koulikan, the generalissimo of A-bas-le-Grand; to serve to drive out of the country companies of robbers, who had become so formidable, that there were neither caravans of merchants, nor trains of princes, which could pass by there without being robbed, and often with great murder; to which Daoud Kan promptly gave such a good remedy, that this place which was previously a cut-throat, became very safe. One sees this castle on the main road, but the interior is almost ruined. It faces a caravanserai, one of the largest and best-built in the kingdom.fn. 1 Anyu-dbé. Colony of the Faith, according to P. Della Valle (IV, p. 303). Chandin's translation is preferable. Theseans place this village three miles from Maqsood Beygy, and note from Yead-List. C. Le Brandit that this village separates Prese de la Posthide from the flat Triq A'djemy da Frutta xe. This is how the natives of expeis (1)fn. 2 Vayer Del Khan, letom. Vit, pop, J. (1)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 203-4
SOURCE for Amnabat
« Den 14. Oftober getrokken zynde door Amnabat, een groot dorp, beplant met vrugtboomen, Wyngaarden Meloenca cc: vonden alhier cen koftelyke Karra wanfera. [On October 14th, having passed through Amnabat, a large village planted with fruit trees, vineyards, and melons, we found a small Karrawanfera here.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260
SOURCE for Amnebad
« Ce même jour sur les sept heures du matin, je passai à une jolie maison accompagnée d'assez beaux jardins. Elle s'appelle Amnebad, et a été bâtie par Iman-Couli-Kan, gouverneur de Schiras. [That same day, around seven o'clock in the morning, I passed by a pretty house with rather beautiful gardens. It is called Amnebad, and was built by Iman-Couli-Kan, governor of Shiras.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 295
SOURCE for Hannabath Carauansera
« The 20. I lodg'd in a Carauansera, near a Village called Hannabath, which is very well seated, on the descent of a pleasant hill. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 pp. 1-2

R186-044 Yezdikhwast
R186-044 Yezdikhwast : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3067323 coordinate: lat 31.5161 long 52.1238
NIMA/GNS names: Izad Khast , Izad Khvast , Samirum , Yazd-e Khast , Yazd-e Khvast , Yezd-i-Khast , ایزد خواست ,
VARIANT names: Esduchos , Hiesdegas , Izad Khast , Izdehast , Jesdagaes , Jesdagaes , Jesdegas , Jurgestan , Lurgisthan Carauansera , Yazd-i-Khost , Yazdikhwast , Yes-de-gas , Yes-de-Kast , Yezdikhast , Yezd-khast , Yudacoss ,
SOURCE for Esduchos
« The Day alter we Marched Two and Thirty Miles to Esduchos (2): But before we exchanged Degurdu for this place, we accosted a Black Marble Mountain, fn 2 Herbert (148), writing Yezdicaws, is nearer the original name of this remarkable place than Fryer. It is Yezdikhast, explained by old writers to be a Pehlevi word signifying "God willed it." It has been described by many writers. "Yezdikhast is, truly enough, built on the top of a remarkable rock, and this rock does stand in the middle of a deep valley: but the latter, so far from being a valley in the ordinary acceptation of the term, is a deep gash or trench cut down to a depth of over 100 feet, without the slightest warning, in the middle of the plain, the edge being as clearly defined as Shakespeare's Cliff at Dover. One is almost on the brink of the gully before one is aware of its ex-istence. At the bottom flows a swift and dirty stream towards the east. ...I own I should never myself have detected any analogy to the hang-ing gardens of Babylon" (Curzon, ii, 66 ff.). Compare Goldsmid, 196. Illustrations will be found in Curzon (ii, 66): Goldsmid (226): Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles (330). It is the Yezdecas of Tavernier (246), who quotes a common proverb: "That to live happy, a Man nust have a wife ci Yezd, eat the bread of Yezdecas, and drink the wine of Schiras." Browne (p. 224) writes the name Yezdi Khwāst, which is doubtless correct, adding that "what is called the sar-hadd, a sum-mer road, bears to the south-west into the mountains; while the garmsir, or winter road, crosses the chasm or valley below Yezdikh-wást, and trends towards the south-east." The former was Fryer's route. See also on these routes, Goldsmid, 192. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 233
SOURCE for Hiesdegas
« A 15, dia de Pasqua, se hizo jornada en Hiesdegas, despues de auer andado con la carauana grandes ocho leguas, [On the 15th, Easter Day, a journey was made to Hiesdegas, after having traveled with the caravan a great eight leagues,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 13
SOURCE for Izad Khast
« The third march from Surmek, however, brought me to a place which deserves more notice-Yezdikhast. 'Shiraz,' says an old Persian proverb, 'is famous for wine, Yezdikhast for bread, and Yezd for women.' But there is more than bread to see at Yezdikhast. Truly it is one of the most extraordinary villages of the world From ofon eg the trolladas » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 272
SOURCE for Izdehast
« La notte, levata la luna, si riprese al solito il viaggio: ma fatte solamente quattro leghe, il mercoledi, più di un'ora innanzi giorno, arrivammo alla villa Izdehast, che vuol dir Dio volle: dove convenne fermarsi, perchè non vi era altro luogo da ripo-sare, se non molto lontano. [At night, when the moon had risen, we resumed our journey as usual: but having gone only four leagues, on Wednesday, more than an hour before daybreak, we arrived at the villa Izdehast, which means God willed: where we had to stop, because there was no other place to rest, except very far away.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Jesdagaes
« Diary of 8 February 1707/8.Yudacoss. Yazd-i-Khôst. The Izdekhast of Della Valle (Hak. Soc. ed. III, 296).For a long note on this place see Fryer, op. cit., II, 233. When Thévenot first visited "Yes-de-Kast in 1665 (pp. 120-121), he found it "very little, having but only one street," the place "built upon a narrow rock" and "in manifest danger" of "falling down topsie turvy all at once." In 1667 he found the old village forsaken and another town, the one visited by Scattergood, in process of erection "to the northward." Struys says (p. 339) that the village was formerly called "Jurgestan, now Jesegas," and Hedges remarks of "Yes-de-gas" (I, 209) that it had "a good Caravan Serai, built in a vast great ditch. Le Bruyn (II, 3) has an illustration of the village of "Jesdagaes" as it appeared from the Kårwânsarâî in October 1704. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 46-7
SOURCE for Jesdegas
« Wy namen onze ruft op Jesdegas in ee'n fchoone groote Karrawanfera, ftaande by een brug, daar een fnelle rievier onder doorloopt, Hier heeft men een moorddadig en wederfpannig volk, woonende op zeer hooge klippen, die ftyl afloopen, daz men fchrikt, zoo men na om laag ziet [We took up our rest at Jesdegas in a beautiful, large Karrawanfera, standing by a bridge, under which a swift river flows. Here they have a murderous and unruly people, living on very high cliffs, which slope down so steeply that one is frightened when one looks down.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260
SOURCE for Jurgestan
« That day we travailed 7 Dutch Miles and came at night to a Village formerly called Jurgestan, now Iesegas. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 329
SOURCE for Lurgisthan Carauansera
« The 21. I travell'd 10. leagues, to a Carauansera, cal'ed Iurgisthan, very ill way, and so much the more incommodious, by reason of the wind and snow, which hindred me very much. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Yazd-i-Khost
SOURCE for Yazdikhwast
« and thence 7 to Yazdikhwāst village. Total: from Qūmishah to Yazdikhwāst 12 leagues, and from Isfahan 26 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
« From this point we could clearly see before us a small conical hill, beyond which lay the hamlet of Yezdikhwást, which I was so anxious to see. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 224
SOURCE for Yes-de-gas
SOURCE for Yes-de-Kast
SOURCE for Yezdikhast
« The second day was a record-breaker; we rode seventy-seven miles in the hours between 5.10 A.M. and 10.45 p.m., when we reached Yezdikhast, one of the most curiously situated places that can be imagined. It is perched on top of a rocky height that looks, as one approaches it, like some gigantic ship that has been turned to stone in the midst of a river bed that has been dry for ages. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 277
SOURCE for Yezd-khast
« Je logeai à Yesdecast (Yezd-hhâsi), château et bourg, situés dans une vallée longue de vingt lieues, sept à l'orient du château, et treize à l'occident, et large de demi-lieue, presque partout. [I stayed at Yesdecast (Yezd-hhâsi), a castle and town, located in a valley twenty leagues long, seven to the east of the castle, and thirteen to the west, and half a league wide almost everywhere.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 204
SOURCE for Yudacoss

R186-044a Yezdikhwast Caravanserai
R186-044a Yezdikhwast Caravanserai : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 31.513364 long 52.133206 † basis (p) VARIANT names: Izad khast Caravanserai , Izadkhast Caravanserai , Jefdagaes caravanserai , Jesdechas Karawanserei , Karavanserail Izadkhast , Yazdikhast , Yeassechoze , Yesdecas , Yezdecawz , Yezdikhaust , Yezdikhwast Caravanserai , Yudacoss caravensaroy , SOURCE for Izad khast Caravanserai SOURCE for Izadkhast Caravanserai [accessed 30 Oct 2024] « 1668-031 Izadkhāst Iran (Islamic Republic of) N31 30 48.11 E52 7 59.54 0.49 ha 37.65 ha » The Persian Caravanserai at whc.unesco.org SOURCE for Jefdagaes caravanserai « Le trentième nous arrivames au Caravanserai de Jefdagaes, village fitué dans les montagnes, et en partie fur des rochers. Les maifons en font élevées les unes au-deſſus des autres, et cela fait un effet extra-ordinaire à la vuc. [On the thirtieth we arrived at the Caravanserai of Jefdagaes, a village situated in the mountains, and partly on the rocks. The houses are built one above the other, and this makes an extraordinary effect to the eye.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 254 SOURCE for Jesdechas Karawanserei « 25. bis Jesdechas in 7 Stunden etwa 6 Farsach. ... Der genannte Fluß rauschte südwärts zwischen der Stadt und der Karawanserei heftig dahin, war 7 Schritt breit - man konnte hindurchgehen und mit einer kleinen Steinbrücke von 3 Gewölben (versehen). ... Er läuft, wie Canalje in der Karawanserei berichtete, nach Kereswiid 1/2 Farsadi, Melwan 1 Farsach. In dieser Kluft liegt über dem Bach eine so trefflich ausgebaute steinerne Karawanserei, daß wir ihresgleichen nicht antreffen werden. Ist vor Jahren gestiftet von einem Kaufmann Mirsa 'Abud. Hat eine Fläche, außen gemessen, von 80 Schritten und hat an der Ostseite außen 15 Gewölbe, worin man bequem die Nacht zubringen kann, falls sie inwendig besetzt sein sollte. [25th to Jezdechas in 7 hours, about 6 farsach. ... The aforementioned river rushed swiftly southwards between the town and the caravanserai, was 7 paces wide – one could walk across it and it was equipped with a small stone bridge of 3 arches. ... As Canalje reported in the caravanserai, it flows 1/2 farsadi to Kereswiid, 1 farsach to Melwan. In this ravine, above the stream, lies a stone caravanserai so excellently constructed that we will not find its equal anywhere else. It was founded years ago by a merchant named Mirsa 'Abud. It has an area, measured externally, of 80 paces and has 15 arches on the east side, in which one can comfortably spend the night, should it be occupied inside.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 90 SOURCE for Karavanserail Izadkhast « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, vorgezogenem Portalbau, Nischenfront auf der nördlichen Seite als Schaufront und unregelmäßig gestellten Rundtürmen (Abb. 89).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 63 × 61 m, Hofabmessungen 36 x 35 m (Abb. 89), Höhe der Hoffassaden 6,50 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 12,90 m (Abb. 90). [Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans, four stable compartments, a projecting portal, a niche facade on the north side serving as a show front, and irregularly placed round towers (Fig. 89).Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 63 × 61 m, courtyard dimensions 36 × 35 m (Fig. 89), height of the courtyard facades 6.50 m, height of the portal 12.90 m (Fig. 90).] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 54 SOURCE for Yazdikhast « There is good water in the stream, a caravansarai close to the right bank, and a chaparkhana, or post-house, on the left bank at the end of the tongue of land on which the village is situated. The latter occupies the whole of the top with the left bank by a bridge. The main street is a small tunnel-like road built over with houses. There was formerly another entrance at the far end of the rock, but the latter has broken away, leaving a drop of 70 feet. No water in the village. The road crosses the nala by a causeway, and ascends the right bank at the caravansarai. The ascent is rather steep through blocks of conglomerate surrounded by limestone.The only entrance to the village is by means of bridge of rafters thrown across the ravine at the S. W. extremity of the village. This bridge is removable and communication with the village can thereby be cut off. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ pp. 187-8 SOURCE for Yeassechoze « The 14th daye at night we rested in a cara: and the 15 daye we came to Yeassechoze [Yazd-i-Khast], a poore litle towne standing vpon the side of a valley, being built like a castle. The litle valley yealdeth two cropes of corne a yeare. Here we picht in a caravansero, haueing traveled II lges. of fayre waye. Here we stayde the 16th daye. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 74 SOURCE for Yesdecas « Le lendemain vingt-huitième, je partis à deux heures après minuit, et après huit heures de marche dans une plaine infertile, j'arrivai à Yesde-cas, petite ville bâtie sur un rocher au milieu d'un grand vallon, et je logeai dans le carvansera qui est au pied du rocher. [The next day, the twenty-eighth, I left at two o'clock after midnight, and after eight hours of walking in a barren plain, I arrived at Yesde-cas, a small town built on a rock in the middle of a large valley, and I lodged in the carvansera which is at the foot of the rock.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 295 SOURCE for Yezdecawz « next night to Yezdecawz a Towne builtin the bottome of a valley, funck downe in mid a great plaine, whereby it is fcarce to be found, did not a Caftle point it out, raild by Yezdgyrda Perfian King above the Towne, and where is a very stately Carravanf-raw, the best from thence to Bander on the Gulph of Perfia. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 148 SOURCE for Yezdikhaust « OCT. 17th_Leaving Ammeenabad at sun-rise, we went southsouth- east, over a barren plain, having ranges of mountains in view on all sides, but generally lower, of a whiter hue, and of Iess broken forms than before. This character of the country continued all the way through our morning's route, in which we saw only a few ruined and deoerted khans and private dwellings, until we reached the station of Yezdikhaust, in about four hours after our setting out. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 250 SOURCE for Yezdikhwast Caravanserai « On coming in sight of the brink of the chasm we therefore made a détour to the right (west) which brought us to the point where the drawbridge is placed, whence a path leads down the side of the gully to the caravan-saray, where we arrived in about a quarter of an hour. It is a very fine edifice, built, as an inscription over the gateway testifies, by "the most potent king and most generous prince, the diffuser of the faith of the pure Imáms, threshold of 'Alf the son of Abú-Tálib, Safaví, may God perpetuate his kingdom and rule!" The inscription is very beautifully executed, but unfortunately it has been greatly injured, many of the tiles having been re-inoved, and others broken. I asked the villagers why they did not take better care of a building of which they ought to feel proud. They replied that it was not their fault: thirteen or fourteen years ago a "Firangi" came by, and, wishing to possess some of the tiles, offered one of the men at the posthouse two or three túmáns if he would remove some of them. The temptation was too strong for the latter, and accordingly he went the same night with a hammer and chisel to carry out the traveller's wishes. Of course he broke at least as many tiles as he removed, and a noble monument of the past was irreparably injured to gratify a traveller's passing whim.15 » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 225-6 SOURCE for Yudacoss caravensaroy « 8 [February]. At 6 in the morning sett out for Yudacoss; very cold, a great dele of snow and ice in the way; good way, a little stoncy. Arrived here at 12 at noon with a Coffala. This is a large town in a bottom. Here is good caravensaroy: may havo all things, but especially good bread, for which this place is famious. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38

R186-045 Shulghistan caravansaray
R186-045 Shulghistan caravansaray : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 31.380826 long 52.426664 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Karavanserail Shurdjestan , new-built Carawansera , Sagrestone caravensaroy , Shulghistan caravansaray ,
SOURCE for Karavanserail Shurdjestan
« Lage: 32 km südöstlich von Izadkhast und 36 km nord-westlich von Abadeh, in + 2180 m ú. N. N., an der Haupt-straße von Esfahan nach Shiraz.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 65 x 64 m, Hofabmessun-gen 38 x 37,50 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden maximal 6,30 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 9,80 m (Abb. 94). [Location: 32 km southeast of Izadkhast and 36 km northwest of Abadeh, at an elevation of 2180 m above sea level, on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, and a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 65 x 64 m, courtyard dimensions 38 x 37.50 m, maximum height of the courtyard facades 6.30 m, height of the gatehouse 9.80 m (Fig. 94).] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 55
SOURCE for new-built Carawansera
« This day we travailed 6 Dutch Miles and at night came to a fair new-built Carawansera. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 329
SOURCE for Sagrestone caravensaroy
« 9 [February]. About 7 in the morning sett out for Sagrestone, 6 farsangs; good way; a fine large plain, hills on each side full of snow, extreme cold; the Cafala goeing this way. being something hotter than the way by Cuscazar, being told at Yezdacess that three men died goeing Cuscazar way by the extreamity of cold. Arrived at our Stage about 2 after-noon: a good Caravensaroy etc. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 39
SOURCE for Shulghistan caravansaray
« About 2.30 P.M. we arrived at Shulghistán, a small picturesque village , rendered conspicuous by a green-domed Imámzádé, close to which is situated the dilapidated caravansaray. Since the latter appeared incapable of furnishing comfortable quarters, we betook ourselves to the chápár-kháné (post- house) opposite, where I was provided with a very comfortable room . The postmaster (ná'ib -chápár) was extremely courteous and attentive, and sat conversing with me for some time. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 228

R186-046 Abade : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3051024 coordinate: lat 31.1608 long 52.6506
NIMA/GNS names: Abadeh , آباده ,
VARIANT names: Abade , Abadeh ,
SOURCE for Abade
« About 2 P.M. we arrived at the little town of Abádé, another stronghold of the Bábís. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 232
SOURCE for Abadeh
« Thence through a very difficult pass to Abadeh, situated in the hills, at junctions of Shur and Hajiabad streams » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 59
« Abadeh (Telegraph station) ... From 18 miles road passes walled gardens of Abadeh; the latter is a strong fort, with high brick walls with two tiers of loop-holes, and flanked by well-built burj. It is in form a parallelogram about 350 by 50 yards with two gates connected by a wide street. Part of the houses are inside this fort, which, with the post-house and another walled enclosure, form three sides of a square, the fourth being filled by the unwalled village. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 188
« The man to whom was granted the unprecedented opportunity for performing so transcendental a miracle as his own disappearance and resurrection was the Bab, and one of the centres of his still remaining disciples is Abadeh, the little village to which I journeyed from Surmek.
The Bab was the title of Mirza ali Mahomet, and it signifies 'the Gate.'
The prophet, who, like all his predecessors, thus claimed to be the portal of a royal road to heaven, had turned from commerce to the cure of souls. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 270
« Our third night was passed atthe walled village of Abadah, eleven farsakhs, or forty-two miles, farther on; » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 277

R186-047 Surme : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Soormagh , Surmak , Surmaq , سورمق ,
VARIANT names: Soormagh , Surma , Surmak , Surme , Surmek ,
SOURCE for Soormagh
SOURCE for Surma
« The 22. I was forc'd to travel 12. Farsangs, or Persian Leagues; for, from Iurgisthan there is neither Village nor Carauansera, where a man may be lodg'd; so that it was night ere I got to Surma. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Surmak
SOURCE for Surme
« Next day a short march of about three hours brought us to the post-house of Surmé. On arriving there, I was surprised to see a European traveller standing at the door, who greeted me in English. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 233
SOURCE for Surmek
« where villages and gardens are almost continuous to Surmek. The latter is a large village, with post-house built with high walls rather out of repair, in the shape of a parallelogram; each face has four round towers connected by curtains of about 50 yards. A weakly-walled suburb outside the main wall on the S. side contains a few houses. The cultivation of the village extends to the hills which are about half a mile distant to the N., a wide, stony plain on the right of the road bounding it to the S. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 188

R186-048 Khan-i-Khure caravansaray
R186-048 Khan-i-Khure caravansaray : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 30.843895 long 53.132397 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Carawansera with ponds , Conacorra caravensaroy , Karawanenhaltepunkt Khaneh Khorreh , Khan Khoreh caravanserai , Khan-e-Khurra , Khan-i-Khure caravansaray ,
SOURCE for Carawansera with ponds
« On the 25 we had very good weather, and the Way also reaso|nable good so that in good time we got to a Carawansera, which lay about 8 Dutch Miles, or somthing more from the other. Near this place are divers Ponds of sweet Water affoarding also great plenty of Fish: wherefore we went to Angle, and took about 40 Carps, which because of the Novelty were very acceptable, having eaten nothing all the way but salt Meat. These Ponds as well as the Carawansera were made, as we understood from an Inscription over the Door, at the Charges of the Dutch East India Company. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 330
SOURCE for Conacorra caravensaroy
« 12th [February]. At midnight set out for Conacorra, 8 farsangs, good plain way: arrived at our stage about 7 in the morning, an old ruinated caravensaroy built castlewise with six bastions; no village near it, nor can have nothing except provender for our beasts, A small spring of water just by the door. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ ~ p. 39
SOURCE for Karawanenhaltepunkt Khaneh Khorreh
« Karawanenhaltepunkt Khaneh Khorreh (Khaneh Khowrreh) (Taf. 10,3.4) (Abb. 5; 100) (74)Lage: 31 km südöstlich von Surmaq, 29 km nördlich von Dehbid, in + 2140 m ü. N. N., an der Hauptstraße von Esfa-han nach Shiraz und an einer Abzweigung nach Abarku und Yazd.Am Platz sind zu unterscheiden: Ein Karavanserail mit jüngerem Anbau einer Gendarmeriestation, ein rundes Quellhaus, eine kleinere Hofanlage mit Ecktürmen, zwei ruinöse Stallgebäude und ein größerer, stark zerstörter Komplex sowie ein weiterer kleiner Rundbau (Turm).Das Karavanserail:Typ: Achteckbau mit Rundtürmen und betontem, aber nicht vorgezogenem Portal. Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwa-nen und vier Stallabteilungen (Abb. 101). Abmessungen: Außenmaße 52 × 52 m, lichte Weite des Hofes 28 m (Abb.101), Höhe der Hoffassaden 6,50 m und Höhe des Portalbaus 7,20 m (Abb. 102).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk, verputzt. Natur-steinsockel und Fassadenaufbau aus gebrannten Ziegeln (22 × 22 × 5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Partiell erheb-lich beschädigt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.Das Quellhaus:Typ: Rundbau mit flacher Decke, die als Übernach-tungsplattform diente (Abb. 103).Abmessungen: Äußerer Durchmesser 5,90 m, Höhe der Plattform über dem Boden 1,80 m. Wasserstand bei 1,70 m unter der Erdoberfläche. Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.74 M. Siroux, Caravansérails d'Iran (Cairo 1949) 73. - Die Schnitte und die Frontansicht wurden am 9. 6. 1987 vermessen und das Quellhaus am 12.6. 1987. [Caravan Stop Khaneh Khorreh (Khaneh Khowrreh) (Plate 10.3.4) (Figs. 5; 100) (74)Location: 31 km southeast of Surmaq, 29 km north of Dehbid, at an elevation of 2140 m above sea level, on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz and at a junction to Abarku and Yazd.The following structures can be distinguished at the site: a caravanserai with a later addition of a gendarmerie station, a round spring house, a smaller courtyard complex with corner towers, two ruined stable buildings, a larger, heavily damaged complex, and another small round building (tower).The Caravanserai:Type: Octagonal building with round towers and a prominent, but not projecting, entrance. Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and four stable compartments (Fig. 101). Dimensions: External dimensions 52 × 52 m, clear width of the courtyard 28 m (Fig. 101), height of the courtyard facades 6.50 m and height of the portal structure 7.20 m (Fig. 102).Building material: Rubble masonry, plastered. Natural stone base and facade structure made of fired bricks (22 × 22 × 5 cm).Structural features and condition: Partially significantly damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.The spring house:Type: Rotunda with a flat roof, which served as an overnight platform (Fig. 103).Dimensions: Outer diameter 5.90 m, height of the platform above ground 1.80 m. Water level at 1.70 m below ground level.Building material: Rubble masonry, plastered.74 M. Siroux, Caravansérails d'Iran (Cairo 1949) 73. - The sections and the front view were measured on June 9, 1987, and the spring house on June 12, 1987.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 60
SOURCE for Khan Khoreh caravanserai
« Good spring water at the Khan-i-Kora caravansarai, which is a large hexagonal masonry building with sides of 55 feet and small towers at the angles. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 189
SOURCE for Khan-e-Khurra
« Sur la route d'Ispahan à Chiraz, les caravansérails de Deh-bid, d'Amir-abád et de Khán-e-Khurra, tous les trois octogonaux, montrent de quelle ingénieuse façon les bâtisseurs éliminèrent ce défaut.Beaucoup plus vastes que Tchâhár-åbåd, ces monuments profitent de cours spacieuses. Les huit façades égales sont donc plus développées.[On the road from Isfahan to Shiraz, the octagonal caravanserais of Deh-bid, Amir-abad, and Khán-e-Khurra demonstrate the ingenious way in which the builders eliminated this drawback. Much larger than Tchâhár-abad, these monuments benefit from spacious courtyards. Their eight equal façades are therefore more elaborate.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 183
SOURCE for Khan-i-Khure caravansaray
« about 4 P.M. , we reached the disconsolate stone caravansaray of Khán- i- Khurré, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 233

R186-049 Dihbid caravansaray
R186-049 Dihbid caravansaray : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: RHSE UFI: 12284278 coordinate: lat 30.612493 long 53.196343
NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی ,
Supplement: Deh Bid Caravanserai کاروانسرای ده بید
VARIANT names: Deh Bid Caravanserai , Dihbid caravansaray , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Deh Bid) , rechteckige Karavanserail Dehbid ,
SOURCE for Deh Bid Caravanserai
SOURCE for Dihbid caravansaray
« It was nearly 1.30 P.M. when we reached Dihbíd, a small village consisting of about fifteen or twenty cabins, a very dilapidated caravansaray, a post - house, and the telegraphoffice. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 236
SOURCE for Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Deh Bid)
SOURCE for rechteckige Karavanserail Dehbid
« Karawanenhaltepunkt Dehbid (Abb. 5; 105) (76)Lage: 29 km südlich von Khaneh Khorreh und 13 km nördlich der Station Qal'eh Murceh, in + 2210 m ü. N. N., an der Hauptstraße von Esfahan nach Shiraz und an dem Weg von Shiraz über Abarku nach Yazd. Dehbid liegt 35 km nördlich von Didgan (Didegan) (Abb. 5). Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Ein oktogonales Karavanserail, ein rechtecki-ges Hofkaravanserail und ein kleineres Stationsgebäude. Außerdem liegt ein vorgeschichtlicher Tepe im Bereich der Ortschaft. Das oktogonale Karavanserail:Das rechteckige Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei-lungen und vier runden Ecktürmen (Abb. 106). Der Grund-riß des Gebäudes (77) ist partiell stark verändert worden. In Abb. 106 wird der wahrscheinlich ursprüngliche Zustand angegeben.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 77 x 70 m, Hofabmessun-gen 44 × 44 m, Höhe des Portalbaus etwa 7,50 m.fn 76 Ebenda, 73. - Der Tepe von Dehbid wurde am 9. 12. 1988 begangen.fn 77 M. Siroux, ebenda, 83, Fig. 41. [Dehbid Caravan Stop (Fig. 5; 105) (76)Location: 29 km south of Khaneh Khorreh and 13 km north of Qal'eh Murceh station, at an elevation of 2210 m above sea level, on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz and on the road from Shiraz via Abarku to Yazd. Dehbid is located 35 km north of Didgan (Fig. 5). The following structures can be distinguished at the site: an octagonal caravanserai, a rectangular courtyard caravanserai, and a smaller station building. A prehistoric tepe is also located within the settlement area.The octagonal caravanserai:The rectangular caravanserai:Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, two stable sections, and four round corner towers (Fig. 106). The ground plan of the building (77) has been significantly altered in some sections. Figure 106 shows the likely original state.Dimensions: External dimensions 77 x 70 m, courtyard dimensions 44 x 44 m, height of the portal structure approximately 7.50 m.fn 76 Ibid., 73. – The Tepe of Dehbid was visited on December 9, 1988.fn 77 M. Siroux, ibid., 83, Fig. 41.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 62

R186-050 Khan-i-Kirgan
R186-050 Khan-i-Kirgan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FRM UFI: 259697 coordinate: lat 30.5015 long 53.2055
NIMA/GNS names: Qal`eh Murcheh , Qal`eh-ye Murcheh , قلعه مورچه ,
VARIANT names: Gusti , Khan-i-Kirgan , Qal`eh-ye Murcheh , Station Qal'eh Murceh ,
SOURCE for Gusti
« The 23. I was in like manner forc'd to travel 12. Leagues, to the Village of Gusti, where we were very ill accommodated, our Horses having not so much as a house over their heads, though it were very bad weather, and snow'd all night. The 24. we had a dayes journey, as great as the two precedent, but a much worse way; for as soon as we were out of Gusti, we came into mountains covered with snow, and had that day very cruel wea|ther, though the Countrey thereabouts a man may think should afford a very pleasant prospect in Spring and Summer. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Khan-i-Kirgan
« Next day we started early, as the muleteers were anxious to " break " a stage that is, to go three stages in two days ; so that our halting-place for the night was not to be Dihbíd, where there is a telegraph station, but Khán- i-Kirgán, situated some two hours' march beyond it. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 235
« In five minutes more we crossed a bridge and found ourselves at the solitary caravansaray of Khán- i-Kirgán . As it was quite dark, and I was, moreover, very cold and » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 237
SOURCE for Qal`eh-ye Murcheh
SOURCE for Station Qal'eh Murceh
« Station Qal'eh Murceh (Taf. 11,1) (Abb. 5; 110) (78)Lage: 13 km südlich von Dehbid und 22 km nördlich von Didgan (Didegan), in + 2170 m ü. N. N., an der Haupt-straße von Esfahan nach Shiraz.Typ: Rechteckbau mit Innenhof und zwei Iwanen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 14,10 × 15,10 m, Hofabmes-sungen 9,30 × 4,50 m, Gebäudehöhe 3,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteine und Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfalleneRuine.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19.-20. Jahrhundert.Die Ruine ist als ehemaliger Straßenposten und Gen-darmeriestation anzusehen.fn 78 Die Station wurde am 1. 10. 1989 vermessen. [Qal'eh Murceh Station (Plate 11.1) (Fig. 5; 110) (78)
Location: 13 km south of Dehbid and 22 km north of Didgan, at an elevation of 2170 m above sea level, on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz.
Type: Rectangular building with an inner courtyard and two iwans.
Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 14.10 × 15.10 m, courtyard dimensions 9.30 × 4.50 m, building height 3.50 m.
Building material: Rubble and mud bricks.
Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated
ruin.
Inscriptions: None known.
Dating: Qajar, 19th-20th century.
The ruin is considered a former road post and gendarmerie station.] » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 64

R186-050a Murghab
R186-050a Murghab : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Dasht-e Morghab , Mahalleh-ye Mashhad-e Morghab , Meshhed-i-Murghab , Morghab , Murghab , دشت مرغاب , محله مشهد مرغاب ,
VARIANT names: Mashad-i-Murghab , Meshad-i Murghab , Murghab ,
SOURCE for Mashad-i-Murghab
« A steep descent brought us into the fertile plain of the Polvár, where we crossed two of its tributaries, and were delighted to strike the main road and the British telegraph line at Mashad-i-Murgháb. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 80
SOURCE for Meshad-i Murghab
« Finally, at noon on the fifth day, we reached Meshad-i Murghab, the nearest halting-place to the Tomb of Cyrus and the scenes of the past glory of the Achæmenians. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 277
SOURCE for Murghab
« At 20 miles à fine stream is suddenly produced by a spring on the left of the road, which runs with great force, and waters the villages of Kadirabad and Murghab. Both these are large rich villages, the latter having a post-house built against the edge of a dry, flat plateau running out into the valley; the latter is swampy. The best g ground to encamp is above the village. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 189
« Early in the afternoon we descended into the valley of Murgháb, and, passing the hamlet of that name (a well- built and thriving-looking village, pleasantly situated by a beautiful clear streamlet) halted at Dih -i-Naw, some three miles farther on. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 238

R186-051 Dih-i-Naw : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Deh-e Now , Deh-i-Nau , Dehnow , Dehnow-e Konjak , دهنو ,
VARIANT names: Deh-e Now , Dih-i-Naw ,
SOURCE for Deh-e Now
SOURCE for Dih-i-Naw
« Early in the afternoon we descended into the valley of Murgháb, and, passing the hamlet of that name (a well- built and thriving-looking village, pleasantly situated by a beautiful clear streamlet) halted at Dih -i-Naw, some three miles farther on. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 238

R186-052 Sivand
R186-052 Sivand : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sivan , Sivand , سیوند ,
VARIANT names: Sevan , Sivand , Siwa , Siwan ,
SOURCE for Sevan
« 15th [February]. At noon Arrived at Sevan, 5 farsangs. The first farsang good way, the next two bad cragie way, amongst rocks and mountains, but the last 2 good way again; most of our way had a fine large brooke runing by the road, good store of game. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 40
SOURCE for Sivand
« Leaving this happy valley we entered another defile , which brought us, a little before 6 ?.?. , to the village of Sívand, in which is situated the last telegraph station before Shíráz. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 244
SOURCE for Siwa
« On theNine and Twentieth of Febr. we came to a little village called Siwa, having that day travailed 5 Dutch Miles. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 331
SOURCE for Siwan
« The 26. I got five Leagues to the Village of Siwan; The 27. six Leagues to Mardasch. This last Village is very famous, for the Antiquities which are to be seen near it, and which obliged us, as they do all that travel that way, to make a particular Observation thereof. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2

R186-053 Zangavar
R186-053 Zangavar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Zangiabad , زنگی آباد ,
VARIANT names: Zangavar , Zangiabad , Zenghiabad ,
SOURCE for Zangavar
« and we proceeded in a straight line towards the village of Zangavar (situated on the same side of the river as Hájíábád, nearer the end of the valley), where I proposed to halt for the following day, as it forms the best starting-point for visiting Persepolis and the rock- sepulchres of Naksh- i- Rustam. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 247
SOURCE for Zangiabad
SOURCE for Zenghiabad
« In half an hour we passed on our right a small village called Shemsabad, and in another half-hour we passed a second, called Zenghiabad. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 265

R186-054 Zargan
R186-054 Zargan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Zargan , Zarghanak , Zarqan , زرقان ,
VARIANT names: Dih Gurg , Serghoen , Sergoen , Zargan , Zarghan , Zarghun , Zargoen , Zargoone , Zarkan , Zercon , Zerghun , Zergone , Zergoon , Zerraghoon , Zurgoon ,
SOURCE for Dih Gurg
« The first stage is of 6 leagues, from Shiraz to Dih Gurg in the Shiraz District; the second stage is 6 leagues to the head of the Bridge over the River Kür; ...
fn. 1 Neither Dih Gurg, "Wolf Village," nor the Bridge over the Kur now exists; Shahriyar's Kiosk must have been at or near modern Ujan; »
#3077 G. Le Strange, Description of the Province of Fars, in Persia, at the Beginning of the Twelfth Century A.D. from the MS. of Ibn-al-Balkhi, in the British Museum Asiatic Society Monographs XIV, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1912 ~ p. 78
« thence 5 to Dih Gurg (Wolf Village), » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
SOURCE for Serghoen
« Continuing from Chihil Minar, Stodart arrived at Zarghan, which was a poor town situated on the side of a hill one English mile from Rustam's tomb (i.e. Naqsh-i Rustam, the tomb of Darius I), which had been turned into a mosque. Here was good water. Speelman recorded that the village was divided into two parts, and built close to the slope of the moun-tain. Fryer called it a poor village inhabited by mule-teers, while Hedges considered it a large and exceed-ing pleasant one, in a plain full of vineyards. (75) 75 Stodart, p. 76 (Zargoone); Speelman, pp. 105-6 (Serghoen); Fryer, vol. II. p. 218 (Zergoon); Hedges, p. 208 (Zurgoon); KA 1793, fol. 1013b (Sergoen); Winninx, 3 November (Sergoe); de Silva y Figueroa, p. 140 (Zargan); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 301 (Sergoen); Carmelites, loc. cit. (Band-i Amir, Zarghan; karavansaray). » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Sergoen
SOURCE for Zargan
« A few miles beyond the Bendemeer bridge the village of Zargan, or Zergun, lies nestled at the foot of a mountain, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 321
« which form the eastern limit of the valley, we reached Zargán, our last stage before Shíráz, about dusk. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 256
« Por esta causa no se caminó entonces mas de tres leguas pequeñas, parando tenprano en una pequeña y pobre aldea llamada Zargan, al pie de un alto monte, á donde el Enbaxador, con parte de sus criados, se recogieron en una mezquita en que auia rrazonable hospedaje, que-dando la caravana y demas gente en el canpo. [For this reason, they did not travel more than three short leagues, stopping early in a small and poor village called Zargan, at the foot of a high mountain, where the Ambassador, with some of his servants, stayed in a mosque where there was reasonable lodging, while the caravan and other people remained in the countryside.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 368
SOURCE for Zarghan
SOURCE for Zarghun
« 3rd March, Zarghun. As my route from Shiraz would not lead in the direction of Persepolis, and as it seemed a pity to let slip an opportunity of seeing such a famous place, I determined to spend four days in an excursion thither, » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 57
« , reaches the town of Zargun. The latter is a long straggling place of 2,000 houses, mostly one-storeyed, with flat roofs, built close up to a chain of barren, rocky mountains on the castern margin of a low plain, full of gardens and cultivation. The main street is narrow and filthy, with a number of shops scattered through it, forming a bazaar said to be well supplied. There is a post-house at the N. end of the town, and two mud enclosures in the main street, serving the purpose of caravansarais. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Zargoen
« Elle y eſt aussi fort large et fort pro fonde; et les bords en font eſcarpez et fort élevez. On y trouve plufieurs fortes de canards, et on la traverſe pour ſe rendre à Persepolis, qui n'en eſt qu'à deux lieuës. Nous arrivames ſur les onze heures à Zargoen, bourg agréablement ſitué entre les montagnes et rempli de jardins, qui abondent en melons, en raifins et en toutes fortes de fruits. [It is also very wide and very deep; and its banks are steep and very high. Several flocks of ducks are found there, and it is crossed to reach Persepolis, which is only two leagues away. We arrived around eleven o'clock at Zargoen, a pleasantly situated town nestled among the mountains and filled with gardens, which abound in melons, grapes, and all kinds of fruit.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 259
SOURCE for Zargoone
« I took horse and cam this night to Zargoone [Zarghün], a poor towne vpon the side of a hill wthin an English mile to Rustames howse, wch is now turned to be a muskeet, weh we call a church, and is kept in repayration. Here we picht in the Rices howse, wch is the cheifest man of the towne, hauing traveled 5 lges. of fayre waye crossing the playne of Chelmenar. Here is good water. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 76
SOURCE for Zarkan
« Depuis le pont fusdit, nous avions encore deux lieux, jusqu'à Zarkân. Actuellement ce chemin étoit fort bon; mais après une pluïe de longue durée il est très mau-vais, puisqu'alors toute la plaine eſt ſouvent couverte d'eau. [From the aforementioned bridge, we still had two leagues to go, to Zarkân. Currently, this road is very good; but after a prolonged rain, it is very bad, since then the whole plain is often covered with water.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 135
SOURCE for Zercon
« Passato il fiume, girammo un pezzo intorno alla costa di un monte che avevamo a man sinistra: ed ål fine, entrati in certi bassi valloni, ad ora di mezzogiorno arri-vammo alla villa Zercon che da Cehilminar non è più lontana di sei leghe, [After crossing the river, we went round for a while the side of a mountain which we had on our left hand: and at last, having entered some low valleys, at midday we arrived at the village of Zercon which is not more than six leagues from Cehilminar,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 265
SOURCE for Zerghun
« Zerghun » in {map#1245 in #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ fig. Route-kaart voor de reis van het gezantschap Cunaeus van Bender Abbas (Gamron) naar Isfahan (1652)}
SOURCE for Zergone
« 17th [February) At 11 arrived at Zergone, being 5 farsangs, good way; came over a large bridge, a small river runing under it; 3 farsangs more came over a great quantity of water and mud, had three or four mules stuck in it. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Zergoon
SOURCE for Zerraghoon
« In little more than an hour, passing over a fine small plain covered with flocks and tents, we came to the large village of Zerraghoon, seated at the foot of a steep mass of rock, with thatched houses and sloping roofs. We halted at a caravansera here, for two hours, to repose, and set out again about noon after which we got into a rugged country of bare hills and uninterest-ing aspect. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Zurgoon

R186-054a Bajgah
R186-054a Bajgah : place IRN

R186-054a Bajgah
R186-054a Bajgah : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bachke Saray , Bajgah , باجگاه ,
VARIANT names: Bagsga , Bajgah , Rader Khoneh ,
SOURCE for Bagsga
« De Puligourc, on va à Bagsga, qui en est à quatre lieues et demie, dont partie se fait par des plaines, et partie par des montagnes. Bagsga veut dire lieu de tribut (2), parce que c'est le lieu où les rois de Chiras tenoient la douane, avant que leur état eût été réuni à la monarchie persane par Abas-le-Grand, durant le siècle passé. Les rahdars de Chiras s'y tiennent et s'y font payer leur droit. Il n'y a qu'un caravanserai vieux et demi-use, situé au pied d'une montagne,fn. 2 Je crois qu'il faut lire bakhchegál, lieu du présent; bakh-cheon bakhchyche indique un présent volontaire ou forcé. (L-s.) [From Puligourc, one goes to Bagsga, which is four and a half leagues away, partly across plains and partly across mountains. Bagsga means place of tribute (2), because it is the place where the kings of Shiras held customs, before their state was united with the Persian monarchy by Abbas the Great, during the last century. The rahdars of Shiras hold their posts there and collect their dues. There is only one old and half-worn caravanserai, located at the foot of a mountain,fn. 2 I believe that bakhchegál should be read, place of the present; bakh-cheon bakhchyche indicates a voluntary or forced present. (L-s.)which] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 240
SOURCE for Bajgah
« Bajgah » in {map#1245 in #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ fig. Route-kaart voor de reis van het gezantschap Cunaeus van Bender Abbas (Gamron) naar Isfahan (1652)}
« Leaving Zargán, we had first to strike out into the plain to join the main road (remarkable for its excessive stoniness), which, crossing over a low pass, brought us to a building called Báj-gáh (" the Toll- House "), where customs' dues were formerly levied. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 258
SOURCE for Rader Khoneh
« About four o'clock we came to a small place called Rader Khoneh, where a fine new caravansera was building at the foot of a steep hill. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 286

R186-054b Derwaze-i-Bagh-i-Shah
R186-054b Derwaze-i-Bagh-i-Shah : place IRN
VARIANT names: Bab-i Darak Musa , Bagkseha P. , D Bagr-e-Shah , Darak Muusa , Derwaza Bag Shah , Derwaze-i-Bagh-i-Shah ,
SOURCE for Bab-i Darak Musa
« Bab-i Darak Musa » in {map#1282 in #3152 ed. David Durand-Guédy, Jürgen Paul, Roy Mottahedeh, Cities of Medieval Iran, Brill, Leiden, 2020 ~ fig. map 1 Map of Medieval Shiraz based on textual sources}
SOURCE for Bagkseha P.
« Bagkʃeha P. » in {map#1422 in #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ fig. Tab. XXXV. Schiras plan}
SOURCE for D Bagr-e-Shah
« D Bagr-e-Shah » in {map#1271 in #3003 John R. Perry, Karim Khan Zand A History of Iran, 1747-1779, University of Chicago Press, Chicago:London, 2015 ~ fig. Fig. 3 Shiraz under Karim Khan}
SOURCE for Darak Muusa
« According to Mostowfi, in 1340 Shiraz had nine gates. (11)... Darak Musa Gate: exact location unknown, probably on the wed side of the city opposite the Darak Mountain. fn. 11 Nozhat al-Golub p. 113. » #3194 John W. Limbert, Shiraz in the Age of Hafez The Glory of a Medieval Persian City, University of Washington Press, 2004 ~ p. 53
SOURCE for Derwaza Bag Shah
« The city of Shirauz has fix gates, of which the following are the names: I ft, Derwaza Bag Shah; 2d, Derwaza Shah Meerza Hamza; 3d, Derwaza Sadi, fo called from its leading to the tomb of that celebrated poet ; 4th, Derwaza Cuffub Khana, adjoining to the flefh market; 5th, Derwaza Shadaje; 6th, Derwaza Kazeroon, » #3277 Francklin, William, Observations made on a tour from Bengal to Persia, in the years 1786-7; with a short account of the remains of the celebrated palace of Persepolis and other interesting events, Stuart and Cooper, Calcutta, 1788 ~ p. 22
SOURCE for Derwaze-i-Bagh-i-Shah
« A little before reaching the bridge which leads to the Isfahan gate, we turned to the right, and continued outside the city wall till we came to the " Gate of the King's Garden (Derwázé- i- Bágh- i- Shah), by which we entered. A short ride through the narrow, tortuous streets brought us at length to the house of my host, the Nawwáb. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 261

R186-055 Shiraz
R186-055 Shiraz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chimaz , Chiraz , Schiras , Shiraz , Siraz , شیراز ,
VARIANT names: Chiras , Chiraz , Chyraz , Giras , Giraz , Schiras , Sciras , Sciraz , Scyras , Sehiras , Shira-its-tsi-ish , Shirass , Shiraz , Siras , Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz , Širaz , Sjiraas , Sjiraas , Stadt Siraes , Syras , Xiras , Xiraz , Zjie-raes ,
SOURCE for Chiras
« dinge alle de omleggende vlekken hooren, en daarvan hij in Chiras aan den gouverneur reekeningh doen moet, [let all the destroyers hear the things, and he must give an account of them to the governor in Chiras,] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 74
« Le 17, j'arrivai à Chiras, foible et défait, [On the 17th, I arrived in Chiras, weak and defeated,] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 90
« Je n'ai point voulu marquer par le compas la route que je tenois , jour par jour, d'Ispalian à Chiras, car c'est presque la même chose chaque jour ; [I did not want to mark with the compass the route I took, day by day, from Ispalian to Chiras, because it is almost the same thing every day;] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 241
SOURCE for Chiraz
« ITINÉRAIRE DE CHIRAZ A SIRAF. De Chiraz à Kafra كفرة village 15 milles.?? » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 1 p. 400
SOURCE for Chyraz
« Chyraz » in {map#1255 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / dressée par P. Lapie... ; gravée par Blondeau..., , 1810, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE C-10435}
« Chyraz » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
« Arrivé à la porte de Chyraz, un individu préposé à je ne sais quoi se jeta sur Alawerdi et le secoua avec violence; on lui demanda 2 krowns, je ne sais à quel titre. Alawerdi résista, mais le préposé s'empara du fusil qu'il portait en bandoulière. Je le laissai faire, bien persuadé que j'en obtiendrais raison. Je fus d'abord à la douane où je déposai mes effets qui furent culbutés,, Dieu sait comme! et me rendis ensuite chez le nabab où je retrouvai mon logement. [Arriving at the gate of Chyraz, an individual in charge of I don't know what threw himself on Alawerdi and shook him violently; he was asked for 2 krowns, I don't know for what reason. Alawerdi resisted, but the attendant grabbed the rifle he was carrying across his shoulder. I let him do it, fully convinced that I would get his way. I first went to customs where I deposited my belongings which were overturned, God knows how! and then went to the nawab where I found my accommodation.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 603
SOURCE for Giras
« GIRAS, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Relações Anais]. [GIRAS, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Annals].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. D-N p. 85
SOURCE for Giraz
« From there they will go to the city of Vargim, and from there to the city of Giraz » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 249
SOURCE for Schiras
« Le seizième de mars à huit heures du matin, je partis de Schiras, et après six heures de marche dans la plaine, qui cesse d'être fertile à une lieue de la ville, [On the sixteenth of March at eight o'clock in the morning, I left Schiras, and after six hours of walking in the plain, which ceases to be fertile a league from the town,] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 310
« J'arrivay à Schiras ſur les fix heures du ſoir ; [I arrived at Shiras around six o'clock in the evening;] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 656
« La Ville de Schiras, où nous arrivames enfin le 4 de Mars, n'eſt qu'à 1 mille de Tſchinar Raddar vers l'Eſt. Nous employames donc dixhuit jours, pour faire le Voyage d'Abuſchäbhr à Schiras, au lieu que fans cela, quelqu'un peut facilement faire ce Voyage en fix jours. La cauſe que nous étions fi longtems en chemin, n'étoit pas ſeulement le mauvais tems et le détour par Kormudſch, mais que la plus part des Marchandises de notre Kaffle, n'étoient chargées que fur des mauvais Anes, qui ne pouvoient faire que de petites journées. [The city of Shiras, where we finally arrived on March 4th, is only one mile east of Tſchinar Raddar.
It therefore took us eighteen days to make the journey from Abuſschäbhr to Shiras, whereas someone could easily make this journey in ten days. The reason we were so long on the road was not only the bad weather and the detour via Kormudſsh, but also that most of the goods in our wagon were loaded only onto poor donkeys, which could only travel for short periods.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 91
SOURCE for Sciras
« . Egli, mentre facemmo dimora a Sciras, non volle che noi ſpendeſsimo, per non offender le leggi dell'oſpitalità; [While we were staying in Sciras, he did not want us to spend money so as not to offend the laws of hospitality; ] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p.263
SOURCE for Sciraz
« Fatta poi notte, di nuovo ci rimettemmo alla via; e il mercoledi, ventidue di giugno, camminate pian piano e molto adagio le due o tre sole leghe che restavano infin alla città di Sciraz, non prima dell'alba ci arrivamnto. [Then when night fell, we set off again; and on Wednesday, the twenty-second of June, you walked slowly and very slowly the only two or three leagues that remained until the city of Sciraz, arriving there not before dawn.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 362
« A due o tre ore di notte facemmo di nuovo levata, e dopo aver camminato tutto il resto della notte, il sabbato, sedici di ottobre, fatte le sci altre leghe che sole restavano a giorno chiaro, levato già il sole, arrivammo ai giardini di Sciraz, la qual città è situata pur in un bel piano circondato quasi d'ogn'intorno da monti, [At two or three o'clock in the morning we rose again, and after having walked all the rest of the night, on Saturday, the sixteenth of October, having skied the other leagues that were left in the light of day, the sun having already risen, we arrived at the gardens of Sciraz, which city is situated on a beautiful plain surrounded almost on all sides by mountains,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 265
SOURCE for Scyras
« Het Landt roudtom Scyras is seer buchtbaar; maar boven al in Wijngaarden/die den Wijn voastrengen / welke dosz geheel Perfien, en selfs daar bupten / voor den besten van de ge heele Werelt gehouden. werdt / zijnde noch geuriger/ krachti ger/en forter als de Canarie-Sck. [The Land of Scyras is very famous; but above all in Vineyards / that supply the Wine / which are entirely Perfian, and even there / held for the best in the entire World. was / being neither more fragrant / more powerful / and stronger than the Canarie-Sck.] » #3243 Jan Janszoon Struys, Drie aanmerkelijke en seer rampspoedige Reysen, Meurs, 1677 ~ p. 354
SOURCE for Sehiras
« Having view'd these Antiquities, which with those of Derbent, were all we met with in our Travels, I prosecuted my jour|ney the 28. of Ianuary, and got that day ten Leagues, to the City of Sehiras. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Shira-its-tsi-ish
see source « Syras »
SOURCE for Shirass
« Dined here and went away for Shirass, being 5 farsangs, bad way up hills and down ; about the middle of the way in a fine plain is a good caravensaroy. Arrjved at Shirass at 8 at night. 21st [February], being Sunday. Went away for Bobbahodge. 9 farsangs good way . » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Shiraz
« This route passed Tarom, Forgh, Rustak, Darab, Darakan, Fasa, Sarvestan and then Shiraz, and from there onwards to Isfahan. This was the normal trade route prior the reign of Shah `Abbas I (1587-1629) . » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 252 and #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 67
« 24th February, Khan-i-Zanyan, 3 farsakhs ; 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. 25th February, Shiraz, 8 farsakhs ; 5.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Next morning early, we saddled our horses for Shiraz. We had thirty-two miles to march, and the road, winding among bare mountain-tops, proved less interesting than any stage since Burazjan. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 45
« next night pitching a farfangh ſhort of Shiraz; where we expected a ceremonious entrance » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 132
« Hastening on towards Shiráz, I met a line inspector on tour, Mr Jefferies, who informed the that there was a riot taking place in the capital of Fárs. Accordingly, with very brief visits to the stupendous monuments of Persepolis, which I fortunately was able to examine carefully five years later, marched rapidly on, and being warned to avoid the town, proceeded to the beautiful Telegraph Garden, where I was most hospitably received by Dr Scully, the entertainer of almost every European traveller in Persia. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 80-81
« and thence in 5 leagues to the city of Shiraz. Total: from Yazdi-khwāst to Shiraz 44 leagues, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
« Further on, we passed the fine tomb of Shah Ameer Hamza, son of the Imaum Moosa; and crossing a bridge over the dry bed of a river, we entered Shiraz before dark. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 287
« Although the city is the capital of the historic province of Fars and by right of inheritance the successor to the glory of Persepolis, the claim which Shiraz can make to eminence by reason of antiquity is not comparable with that of either Hamadan or Rei in Media of old. The general location of the city, it is true, is probably an ancient one, as shown by the vestiges of Achsemenian and Sasanian ruins in the vicinity, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 324
SOURCE for Siras
« The 24th daye about 12 a clok att night we did sett out of the citie of Siras, comonly called by the inhabitans Shiras, and traveling over theplayne, » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p.78
« In our Stay here we had Opportunity to observe Siras, not only by Fame, but indeed to be, second to none, except the Royal City, in the whole Empire: » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 211
« Siras (Shirāz) for each carga half a mahmudi as in Lār » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321
SOURCE for Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz
« fn. 30. Bembo gives three spellings for Shiraz: "Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz." Persepolis is 80 km north of Shiraz. The plain to which Bembo refers is Marv Dasht, and he gives the name "Mircascun" to the town of Zargan. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 298
SOURCE for Širaz
« Širāz VI C4
Id Iran
Métropole (misr) de la province du Fāris et circonscription
IV 391 » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 58
SOURCE for Sjiraas
« Den 11. dito na 2 mylen, aan de voor aan in Sjiraas gelegene Tsaarbag, daar van velen verwelkomt wierd. [The 11th ditto after 2 miles, at the front of Tsarbag located in Shiraas, where many were welcomed.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
« Den 7. dito vertrokken wy van Sjiraas, hadden een goeden weg, en rondom ons veel dorpen. [On the 7th we left Shiraas, had a good road, and many villages around us.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263
« Den 6. dito wierd zyn. Ed: door eenige Armeniers bezogt, door hen met eenige tafel-vrugten beichonken, en 's namiddags door deneerſten ſchryver des Viziers verzogt, om op te zitten, weshalven zyn ed: na Sjiraas vertrok, [On the 6th his Ed: was visited by some Armenians, by whom he was refreshed with some table fruits, and in the afternoon he was requested by the chief scribe of the Vizier to sit on, wherefore his Ed: departed after Sjiraas,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274
SOURCE for Stadt Siraes
« 7 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 384
« 23 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361
SOURCE for Syras
« Persia alla via di levante (A levante, ove prima si trova la città de Syras la quale) li..20., ha populo inumerabile, mercadanti assaissimi, perchè tutti i mercadanti che vengono da le parte di sopra, cioè da Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) e da li in suso (volendo vegnir per la via de la Persia) passano per Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarcanda, la principale città della Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, che Enrico III di Castiglia aveva inviato come ambasciatore a Timur nel 1405, ci ha lasciato una descrizione di Samarcanda quale era ai suoi tempi; cfr. la sua opera Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrariamente a quanto comunemente si crede, Shiraz è una città molto antica. Poco dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, G. Cameron scopri a Persepoli alcune tavolette in lingua elamita, recanti dettagli sulle paghe degli operai ivi impegnati nella costruzione del palazzo di Dario; su una di tali tavolette compare il nome di Shiraz, sotto la forma Shira-its-tsi-ish. Si ha così la prova che la città esisteva già nel periodo degli Achemenidi. In quel tempo, tuttavia, essa era messa in ombra da Persepoli. Sotto i Sasanidi Shiraz fu capitale dell'Ardashir Khurreh, uno dei cin- que distretti in cui era divisa la provincia del Färs. ... [Persia on the eastern road (To the east, where first is the city of Syras which) li..20., has an innumerable population, very many merchants, because all the merchants who come from the upper parts, that is from Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) and from there upwards (wanting to come by the road to Persia) pass through Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarkand, the principal city of Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, whom Henry III of Castile had sent as ambassador to Timur in 1405, has left us a description of Samarkand as it was in his time; cf. his work Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrary to popular belief, Shiraz is a very ancient city. Shortly after the Second World War, G. Cameron discovered in Persepolis some tablets in the Elamite language, containing details of the wages of the workers employed there in the construction of the palace of Darius; on one of these tablets the name of Shiraz appears, in the form Shira-its-tsi-ish. This is evidence that the city already existed in the period of the Achaemenids. At that time, however, it was overshadowed by Persepolis. Under the Sassanids Shiraz was the capital of Ardashir Khurreh, one of the five districts into which the province of Färs was divided. ...] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 142
SOURCE for Xiras
« A 24, vispera de Sancta Catalina martir, despues de auer enuiado delante muy de mañana el Enbaxador su rrecamara y todas las demas cargas, le vinieron á dar auiso como le querian ya salir á reçibir de Xiras, [On the 24th, the eve of Sancta Catalina martyr, after the Enbaxador had sent his chamber and all the other loads in front of him very early in the morning, they came to inform him how they wanted him and to leave to receive Xiras,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 332
« A 5 de Abril, en la tarde, salio el Enbaxador de Xiras, dexando algunos criados suyos con mas de çiento y çinquenta cargas de la pimienta que se lleuaua al rey de Persia, [On April 5th, in the afternoon, the Ambassador of Xiras left, leaving some of his servants with more than one hundred and fifty loads of pepper that he was taking to the King of Persia.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 367
SOURCE for Xiraz
« XIRAZ, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [João de Barros-Da Asia). [XIRAZ, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [João de Barros-From Asia).] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. O-Z p. 287
SOURCE for Zjie-raes
« arriv?mes à minuit au Caravanserai de Babbahad-jie, à 5. lieuës de Zjie-raes. [and arrived at midnight at the Caravanserai of Babbahad-jie, 5 leagues from Zjie-raes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 312

R186-060 Hanishk
R186-060 Hanishk : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Hanashk , Heneshg , Heneshk , هنشگ , هنشک ,
VARIANT names: Hanishk , Heneshg ,
SOURCE for Hanishk
« At 11.30 we reached Hanishk, and halted for lunch . There are no buildings here, but only a few caves in the rock, which serve the tufankchís (musket-men) there stationed for a dwelling ; a couple of fine mulberry-trees, under which we rested ; a stream; and a spring of clear, cool water. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 349
SOURCE for Heneshg

R186-060a Abarkuh
R186-060a Abarkuh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Abar Qu , Abarghoo , Abarku , Abarkuh , Abarquh , ابر قو , ابرغ , ابرقوه , ابركو , ابرکوه ,
VARIANT names: Abarkuh , Vargari ,
SOURCE for Abarkuh
« do zornate più oltra el se venne ad un logo ditto Vargari, (331) el qual per il passato fu grande terra e bella; de presente fa fogi 1000, et in esso le lavora pur terre e gottoni como di sopra. fn. 331. Vargari. Secondo il Di LENNA, Gisafat Barburs, cit., p. 71, si tratta di Abarqüh. (Ti) [after a few more kilometers he came to a place called Vargari, (331) which in the past was a large and beautiful land; at present it makes 1000 blocks, and in it he works also earth and bricks as above. fn. 331. Vargari. According to Di LENNA, Gisafat Barburs, cit., p. 71, it is about Abarqüh. (Ti)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 150
« he town of Abarkuh, or Abarguh, (Abarkūh) is evidently of great antiquity. The Persians in earlier and later times have commonly pronounced the name as Barküh or Warkūh, understanding it to signify upon the mountain,' or 'over the mountain,' especially when speaking from the standpoint of the desert towns that lie beyond it and are separated from it by hills. (1a) The tenth-century geographer Istakhri (c. A.D. 950) describes the town as follows:-'Abarkuh, or Warkuh, is a fortified city, densely populated, and of about one-third the size of Istakhr. The houses are lattice-worked,and most of the buildings, as well as the buildings at Yezd, are built with colonnades (or vaulted domes). (1) It is a barren place; there are no trees or gardens around it except at a distance, but the soil is productive and the living is cheap.' (2)
fn.1a So my informant, Khodabakhsh Raïs of Yezd; see also the state-ment of Yakut, p. 8, 'the Persians say Varküh for Barkūh, "upon the mountain." Cf. likewise (in De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab.) Istakhri, 1. 126 (Abarkūh), Mokaddasi, 3. 437 (Barküh), and Al-Hamadhani, 5. 203 (Abarkuiah); see also Schwarz, Iran im Mittelalter, p. 17. 1 The Arabic expression muštabekat al-bina, of netted-work buildings,' seems to allude not to the crowding together of the houses, but to the open or trellis-work style of architecture seen in the front of the building. The second term (Arabic word āzāj, note i, p. 351) appears to allude to colonnades or arched galleries. See the pictures of Yezd in Malcolm, Five Years in a Persian Town, pp. 134, 184, 216. But vaulted domes' is the rendering of Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 8 ('cintrée'), and of Schwarz, Iran im Mittelalter, p. 18 ('mit gewölbter Decke'). Such domed mud roofs are common in Persia, as is shown also in some photographs that I have of Yezd and Kashan, but this explana-tion seems to me not so good.2 Istakhri, ed. De Goeje, 1. 126. The Persian version adds to the Arabic a note on the export of fruits from Abarkuh. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 341-2
SOURCE for Vargari
see source « Abarkuh »

R186-061 Mihrabad
R186-061 Mihrabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mehr Abad Abarghoo , Mehrabad , Mehrabad-e Abrqu , Mehrdasht , Mihrabad , مهر آباد , مهر ابد ابرغ , مهراباد ابرقو , مهردشت ,
VARIANT names: Mihrabad ,
SOURCE for Mihrabad
« At 3.30 we passed a ruined cistern (áb-anbár) covered by a dome, and about 6.30 , just as the sun was setting, reached the beautiful green oasis formed by the gardens of Mihrábád, where we were to halt for the night. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 349

R186-062 Hakim : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Hakim , Hakimabad ,
VARIANT names: Hakim ,
SOURCE for Hakim
« In a little while we passed one of them, called Sháráz, just beyond which the road bifurcated, the left - hand or more northerly branch (for we had now again turned nearly due east) leading to Shamsábád ; the right or more southerly one to Hakim. We followed the latter, and reached Hakim about 6.45 P.M. as it was getting dusk. Here we found a small caravan of donkeys, laden with wheat for Yezd ; and, learning that this was not to start till the moon rose, we halted in the plain for rest and refreshment. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 352-3

R186-063 Chah Begi caravanseray
R186-063 Chah Begi caravanseray : place IRN (caravanserai)
Supplement: 30x25m not confirmed
VARIANT names: Chah Begi caravanseray ,
SOURCE for Chah Begi caravanseray
« We reached Chah-Begí, a miserable walled village, containing a few sordid and quarrelsome inhabitants, a little before 7 A.M. , and alighted at the dilapidated caravansaray, in front of which stand several sickly trees. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 354

R186-063a Baghestan
R186-063a Baghestan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Baghestan , Baghistan , Mazra`eh-ye Baghestan , Qal`eh-ye Baghestan , Qal`eh-ye Baghestan , باغستان , قلعه باغستان , مزرعه باغستان ,
VARIANT names: Baghestan ,
SOURCE for Baghestan
« An hour later we entered the village of Bághistán, where the road bifurcated. Taking the right-hand branch, we presently passed the castellated village of Irdún, situated on a small hill, and, at about 8 A.M., reached a beautiful village named God-i-Shírdán or Sharífábád, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 355

R186-063b Irdun
R186-063b Irdun : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ardan , Ardun , Erdan , اردان ,
VARIANT names: Ardan , Irdun ,
SOURCE for Ardan
SOURCE for Irdun
« An hour later we entered the village of Bághistán, where the road bifurcated. Taking the right-hand branch, we presently passed the castellated village of Irdún, situated on a small hill, and, at about 8 A.M., reached a beautiful village named God-i-Shírdán or Sharífábád, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 355

R186-064 Sharifabad
R186-064 Sharifabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sharifabad , شریف آباد ,
VARIANT names: Sharifabad ,
SOURCE for Sharifabad
« An hour later we entered the village of Bághistán, where the road bifurcated. Taking the right-hand branch, we presently passed the castellated village of Irdún, situated on a small hill, and, at about 8 A.M., reached a beautiful village named God-i-Shírdán or Sharífábád, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 355

R186-064a Heydarabad
R186-064a Heydarabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bagh-e Sohrab , Heydarabad , Heydarabad , حيدر آباد ,
VARIANT names: Heydarabad ,
SOURCE for Heydarabad

R186-064b `Abbasabad
R186-064b `Abbasabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FRM UFI: 10527792 coordinate: lat 31.514933 long 53.950804
NIMA/GNS names: `Abbasabad , عباس آباد ,
VARIANT names: `Abbasabad ,
SOURCE for `Abbasabad

R186-025 Kum : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ghom , Qom , Qum , قم ,
VARIANT names: Com , Comes , Coom , Cum , Khom , Kom , Koum , Kum , Qom , Qum , Qumm ,
SOURCE for Com
« Ce fait le Roy voulut aller à SPAHAN ville capitale de Par-thie, elloignée de CASBIN douze iournées les comptant à pas de Carauane, où nous le fuiuifmes. L'on trouue par le chemin beau-coup de bonnes places, comme entr'autres vne, qui eft appellée Com, vne autre dite CASSAN, qui eft plus grande, et plus riche que Com, comme aufli beaucoup de bourgs et villages. Tout cechemin eſt plain et vny, toutesfois d'vn coſté et d'autre on voittou-fiours des montagnes, [This done, the King wished to go to Spahan, the capital city of Parthia, twelve days distant from Casbin, counting them at the pace of Carauane, where we fled. One finds many good places along the way, such as one called Com, another called Cassan, which is larger and richer than Com, as well as many towns and villages. The whole road is flat and winding, however, on one side and the other one always sees mountains.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 133
« Cette ville a 14. quartiers, et 2100. maifons, dans chacune defquelles il y a un puits, fans compter 300. abenbaars ou citernes. Elle a quatre portes, quatre Bazars, et un Meydeen, plufieurs bains, et un grand nombre de moſquées et del chapelles. [This city has 14 districts and 2100 houses, each with a well, not counting 300 cisterns or granaries. It has four gates, four bazaars, a mosque, several baths, and a large number of mosques and chapels.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 180
« D Es environs de la mon-cagne dont on fait tant de contes, on commença à voir la Ville de Com. Ayant que d'y ar-river, il faut paffer devant cinq endroits de beaucoup d'étenduë, pleins de ruines, dont les débris font encore fort elevez. [From the surroundings of the mountain about which so many tales are told, one began to see the City of Com. Having to arrive there, one must pass in front of five places of great extent, full of ruins, whose debris still stands very high.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 67
SOURCE for Comes
« The 16th daye at night we came to the fayre citie Comes [Qum], weh lieth on a plaine. ... Here we picht in a pomgranet garden, haueing traveled 6 lges, In this towne ther is a fine marked [market] place. Here we stayed the 17th daye. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 65
SOURCE for Coom
« by this wee are entred Coom? where we refresht our
description
PAGE 212
scorched and wearied bodies three dayes: In which time wee could not chuse but gather something.
COOM, (in the latitude of 34 degrees 40 minutes) is a City of good note, in Parthia; placed in the mid-way 'twixt those two royall Cities, Cazbyn and Spawhawn. It is scituate in an ample and faire sandy plain, and yeelds every way an exact horizon. Coom, gives place to no other Towne in Persia for antiquity; the ruines appearing at this day, gaine some be|leife in the inhabitants, whose common saying is, it was once compara|ble to Babylon. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 212
SOURCE for Cum
A 8, á la ora ordinaria, se començó á caminar de es-paçio por no auer hasta Cum mas de quatro leguas, [At 8 o'clock, at the ordinary time, they began to walk from space to Cum but not more than four leagues,]
SOURCE for Khom
« On the 25 we came to the City Khom, and took up our Lodging in a Carawansera near to the great Maydan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 308
SOURCE for Kom
« De là à Kom il y a encore ſept ou huit heures de marche dans des terres feches et des fables falez: mais à une demi-lieuë de Kom la terre eft bonne et de grand rapport. [From there to Kom there is still seven or eight hours' walk through barren lands and barren fields: but half a league from Kom the land is good and of great yield.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 67
« The 19. we travell'd five Leagues,* 11.193 and got in the morning before the City of Kom. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 193
« The third, we came to the Citie of Kom, where we were assign'd lodgings, in very fair houses neer the Basar, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
SOURCE for Koum
« A Koum, tout nous parut fort bien. Les bazars sont vastes et il y a de belles maisons avec de grands jar-dins. La ville a un certain air provincial qui ne déplaît pas. Koum est une ville sainte. Sa mosquée, fort grande, est ornée d'un dome tout doré et de construction mo-derne très-élégante. [In Koum, everything seemed very good to us. The bazaars are vast, and there are beautiful houses with large gardens. The town has a certain provincial air that is quite appealing. Koum is a holy town. Its very large mosque is adorned with a gilded dome and is of very elegant, modern construction.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 256
SOURCE for Kum
« For the golden dot is the dome of the great and most sacred mosque of Kum. Kum is one of those cities to which, renowned for their sanctity, pilgrims flock on their earthly journey towards Paradise. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 296
« Kum is little less than a city of mosques, minarets, madrasahs, and corpses, for, next to Meshad, it is the most famous burial-place in Persia. Its special sanctity is due to the fact that it is the proud possessor of the shrine of Fatima, sister of Imam Riza, the eighth Imam. She was interred here in A.D. 816, and honors are accorded her that Mohammedanism rarely vouchsafes to a woman. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 414
« Kûm, Ash Wednesday, 1890 » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 160
« Kûm, March 23. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 211
« The first of these telegraph stations is at Kum, and thither I at once made my way through the spice-laden twilight of the bazaars. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 168
« Pool-e-dulak to Kúm, 31 1. R., 14 ?.Cross the Gonsir river by brick bridge, thence some 7 miles across barren desert plain, on which but little vegetation is visible. 7 miles, cultivation on left of road, extending to small village, distant about a mile from road. To the right, also, a small hamlet off the road; enter and pass through low bare hillocks and broken ground, with gradual ascent to left bank of Kúm river. Cultivation extends some distance to the right; post-house and serai on bank of river, opposite a brick bridge. Supplies of corn and provisions here abundant. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Qom
SOURCE for Qum
« thence 6 to Qum, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
SOURCE for Qumm

R186-026 Pasangán
R186-026 Pasangán : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Pa Sangan , Pasangun , Pasanqun , پا سنگان , پسنقون ,
VARIANT names: Pamyngan , Pasangan , Pasangarr , Pasangun , Pasengan , Passanghām , Qaryat al-magus ,
SOURCE for Pamyngan
« Le lendemain on ne fit que trois heures et demie jus-qu'à Pamyngan. Il y aurait bien du mal à en dire si on voulait y réfléchir, mais il vaut mieux passer. [The next day we only traveled three and a half hours to Pamyngan. It would be difficult to say much more if we tried to think about it, but it's best to just move on.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 255
SOURCE for Pasangan
« till we finally reached Pasangán, and took up our quarters at the post-house, which looked more comfortable than the caravansaray. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 171
SOURCE for Pasangarr
« Qaryat al-magus VI BI Pasangarr. Iran. Etape après Qumm sur la route Rayy-Isbahān. I 230; Η 404; Muq 491 C, 492. Schw. 567; Siroux (Routes de Rayy à Isbahān). [Qaryat al-magus VI BI
Pasangarr. Ira n.
Stage after Qumm on the Rayy-Isbahān road.
Schw. 567; Siroux (Roads from Rayy to Isbahān).] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Pasangun
« Monday, May 18 5.15 P.M. Pasangun » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 416
SOURCE for Pasengan
« Kúm to Pasengan, 31 ?. ?., 144 ?. ... From this across barren plain, passing, at a distance of 12 miles, ruined walls of village Pasengan, with post-house and serai. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Passanghām
« A few caravans of camels, and the haram of the Governor of Yezd in closely-covered kajawehs, alone broke the monotony. Before I thought we were half-way we reached the abambars, the small brown caravanserai, and the chapar khana of Passanghām, having ridden in three hours a distance on which I have often expended eight. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 225
SOURCE for Qaryat al-magus

R186-027 Shúráb caravansaray
R186-027 Shúráb caravansaray : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: Karavanserail Shurab , Shurab caravansaray ,
SOURCE for Karavanserail Shurab
« Karavanserail Shurab (Atabaki?) (Taf. 15,4) (Abb. 12; 125) (81)Lage: 15 km südöstlich von Karavanserail Pasengan (Provinz Markazi) und 15 km nordwestlich von Karavanse-rail Dehnar, in +1100 m ü.N.N., an der alten Karawanenroute von Qom nach Kashan als erstes Karavanserail auf dem Ge-biet der Provinz Esfahan. Shurab ist gleichzusetzen mit dem Karavanserail Atabaki (82). Außer dem Karavanserail gehörten zu einer Baugruppe ein gegenüberliegendes Caykhaneh, die noch erhaltene Zisterne und zwei Gärten (Abb. 125).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei ausgeprägten und zwei nur in der Höhenentwicklung der Fassaden erkennbawei Iwanen, vier Stallabschnitten, zwei Rundtürmen an der Ein-gangsfassade und rückwärtigen Anbauten.Abmessungen: 67 x 50 m Außenmaße, 30 x 28 m Hofab-messungen. Höhenvermessungen liegen nicht vor (Abb. 126).Baumaterial: Lehmbau mit Fassade aus gebrannten Ziegeln.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Karavanserail und Caykhaneh wurden 1981 vollständig zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, wohl Anfang 19. Jahrhundert.Im Bereich der Ruine des Karavanserails wurde ein Bruchstück eines Mörsers aus hellgraugelbem Kalkstein ge-funden (Abb. 127).fn 81 Shurab wurde am 10. 3. 1982 besucht. fn 82 Siroux, Caravansérails..., 86.107. - Nach den örtlichen Gegebenheiten wird Shurab von Siroux mit Atabaki verwechselt. Das Karavanserail Shurab wurde 1981 durch Bulldozer zerstört, ebenfalls das gegen-überliegende Caykhaneh. [Shurab Caravanserai (Atabaki?) (Plate 15.4) (Figs. 12; 125) (81)Location: 15 km southeast of Pasengan Caravanserai (Markazi Province) and 15 km northwest of Dehnar Caravanserai, at an elevation of 1100 m above sea level, on the old caravan route from Qom to Kashan, the first caravanserai in the territory of Isfahan Province. Shurab is synonymous with Atabaki Caravanserai (82). In addition to the caravanserai itself, the complex included a Caykhaneh (a type of fortified house) opposite it, the still-extant cistern, and two gardens (Fig. 125).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two distinct iwans and two others recognizable only by the height of the facades, four stable sections, two round towers at the entrance facade, and rear extensions.Dimensions: 67 x 50 m external dimensions, 30 x 28 m courtyard dimensions. No elevation measurements are available (Fig. 126).Building material: Mud construction with a facade of fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The caravanserai and Caykhaneh were completely destroyed in 1981.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, probably early 19th century.A fragment of a mortar made of light grayish-yellow limestone was found in the area of ??the caravanserai ruins (Fig. 127).fn 81 Shurab was visited on March 10, 1982.fn 82 Siroux, Caravansérails..., 86.107. - Due to local circumstances, Shurab is often confused with Atabaki by Siroux. The Shurab caravanserail was destroyed by bulldozers in 1981, as was the opposite Caykhaneh.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Shurab caravansaray
« About mid-day we halted before the caravansaray of Shúráb for lunch : here there is some verdure, and a little stream, but the water of this is, as the name of the place implies, brackish. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 172

R186-028 Sinsin caravansaray
R186-028 Sinsin caravansaray : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: RHSE UFI: 11749055 coordinate: lat 34.248768 long 51.280281
NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Tarikhi-ye Sen Sen , کاروانسرای تاریخی سن سن ,
VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sensen/Sen Sen (Sinsin) , Karvansara-ye Tarikhi-ye Sen Sen , San San Caravanserai , Sinsin caravansaray ,
SOURCE for Karavanserail Sensen/Sen Sen (Sinsin)(Arch. Site)
« Karavanserail Sensen/Sen Sen (Sinsin) (Taf. 16,3; 17,1.2) (Abb. 12; 131) (84)Lage: Umbaut von modernem Dorf, 25 km südöstlich von Dehnar und 28 km nördlich Nasrabad, in +900 m ü.N.N., an der Route Qom – Kashan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stall-Abtei-lungen, ohne Türme und vorgezogenen Portalbau.fn. 84 Sensen wurde am 6. 3. 1980 vermessen. [Aiser-Islamic, with a horseshoe of normal size for horses (Fig. 130).Sen/Sen Sen (Sinsin) Caravanserai (Plates 16.3; 17.1.2) (Fig. 12; 131) (84)Location: Rebuilt from a modern village, 25 km southeast of Dehnar and 28 km north of Nasrabad, at +900 m above sea level, on the Qom-Kashan route.Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, without towers and a projecting portal structure.fn. 84 Sensen was surveyed on March 6, 1980.] »
#3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 69
SOURCE for Karvansara-ye Tarikhi-ye Sen Sen
« EAMENA-0231547 Report Date: January 22, 2026 »
SOURCE for San San Caravanserai
SOURCE for Sinsin caravansaray
« We reached the caravansaray of Sinsin quite early in the afternoon, the stage being six light farsakhs, and the road good and level. This caravansaray is one of those fine, spacious, solidly constructed buildings which can be referred, almost at a glance, to the time of the Safavi kings, and which the tradition of muleteers, recognising, as a rule, only two great periods in history that of Ferídún, and that of Shah Abbas the Great unhesitatingly attributes to the latter. The building, although it appeared totally neglected, even the doors being torn away from their hinges, is magnificently constructed, and I wandered with delight through its long, vaulted, dimly-lit stables, its deserted staircases, and untenanted rooms. The roof, however, solidly built of brickwork, and measuring no less than ninety paces from corner to corner of the square, was the great attraction, commanding as it did an extensive view of the flat plain around, the expanse of which was hardly broken by anything except the little group of houses which constitute the village, and a great caravan of camels from Yezd, kneeling down in rows to receive their evening meal from the hands of their drivers. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 172

R186-029 Kashan
R186-029 Kashan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLA2 UFI: 10325556 coordinate: lat 33.997284 long 51.441575
NIMA/GNS names: Kachan , Kashan , كاشان ,
VARIANT names: Cachan , Caixan , Caixao , Cascian , Cashan , Cassan , Cassian , Caxen , Kachan , Kaschan , Kashan , Katschan , Qasan ,
SOURCE for Cachan
« A la pointe du jour nous apperçumes Cachan, où nous arrivames a 7. heures du matin. Une partie de la caravane alla loger dans la ville, et le refte dans le Caravanferan du fauxbourg. [At daybreak we sighted Cachan, where we arrived at 7 o'clock in the morning. Part of the caravan went to stay in the town, and the rest in the Caravanferan of the suburb.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 182
« Le treiziéme érant partis à deux heures aprés minuit, nôtre courſe fut de neuf heures. Au commencement le chemin fut fort mauvais, et nous trouvámes pluſieurs Villages des habitez, avant que d'arriver à Cachan, dont le Caravanferail eft tres-beau. [The thirteenth departure was at two o'clock after midnight, our journey lasted nine hours. At the beginning the road was very bad, and we encountered several inhabited villages before arriving at Cachan, whose caravanserai is very beautiful.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 71
« Il y a dans Cachan ... les Carvanferas grands et commodes; mais il y en a un entr'autres qui eftoit fort magnifique proche des jardins du Roy à l'entrée de la ville, dans lequel je logeay à mon dernier voyage d'Afie. Tant le Carvanfera que les Jardins font des ouvrages de Chabas I. du nom, et il y fit une fort grande depenfe. Ce Carvanfera à environ 100. pas en quarre, il eſt bati de brique, et à deux étages, et contient prés de fix vingt chambres voutées et d'une raiſonnable grandeur. [In Cachan there are... large and comfortable Carvanferas; but there is one among others that was quite magnificent near the King's Gardens at the entrance to the town, in which I stayed on my last trip to Africa. Both the Carvanfera and the Gardens are the work of Chabas I, and he spent a very large amount on them. This Carvanfera, about 100 paces square, is built of brick, has two stories, and contains nearly twenty vaulted rooms of reasonable size.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 72
SOURCE for Caixan
« in analogous manner, but more evidently, the name of the city of Kashan, rendered once with 'Caixan' and once with 'Caixào', a few lines after (f. 3r). » #3224 Margherita Farina, Giovanni Battista Raimondi's Travel in the Middle East: A Case of Sixteenth-Century Portuguese-Italian Interference, Oriente Moderno, NUOVA SERIE, ~ pp. 55-6
SOURCE for Caixao
« CAIXÃO, cidade de-Kashan, em 33' 59' lat. N. e 51° 30' long. E., capital da província persa do mesmo nome. [Fernão Lopes de Castanheda - História do des- cobrimento e conquista da India pelos Portugueses]. [CAIXÃO, city of Kashan, in 33' 59' N. lat. and 51° 30' E. long., capital of the Persian province of the same name. [Fernão Lopes de Castanheda - History of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portuguese].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. A-C p. 145
« From this city of whatever name, the Portugals, pursuing their course to the Shah of Persia, arrived at the city of Cayxam (Kashan) on the Friday of July 20th 1515 » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970 ~ p. 44
« From here they will depart for Ormuz by another winding road that passes through many towns and places, very useful land with large livestock; they will arrive at the city of Caixão, where they will stay for fifteen days » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p.249
SOURCE for Cascian
« VI. Io dico adunque, che avendo già veduto e osservato in Cascian ciò che di sopra ho scritto, ed essendoci riposati abba-stanza, la domenica a sera del ventotto di gennaio ci partimmo, [VI. I say, then, that having already seen and observed in Cascian what I have written above, and having rested sufficiently, we departed on Sunday evening, the twenty-eighth of January,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 572
SOURCE for Cashan
« and thence to Cashan, a gallant Citie; from Coom six and thirty miles: the way was easie and plaine, but somewhat sandie. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 213
« Cashan is not lesse than York or Norwich, above foure thousand families are accounted in her: the houses are fairely built, the streets be large and comly; the Mosqus and Hummums are curiously painted and ceruleated, with a feigned Turquoise: the Buzzar is spatious and uniforme; furnished with Silks, Damasks, rich Carpets, Sattens, and cloth of gold; no part of the Persian Monarchy shewes better, or more variety, nor a people more exactly industrious. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 214
SOURCE for Cassan
« Odoric expressly says that Kashan, or Cassan,' as he calls it, was 'the city of the Three Kings' and that these worshippers set out from there to Jerusalem, which they reached by divine aid in thirteen days. (4) The passage in the account of Odoric de Por-denone reads as follows: -'DE LA CITÉ DE CASSAN. - De ceste cité m'en alay vers la grant Inde par mer. Si vins par maintes journées a une cité des trois roys qui firent offrande à Jhesu Crist nouvel né. Et appelle on ceste cité de Cassan, cité royal de grant honneur mais Tartre l'ont moult destruite. De cette cité de Cassan jusques en Jherusalem a plus de journées dont on puet clerement appercevoir que ly troy Roy de ceste cité de Cassan furent en XIII journées amené en Jherusa par vertu divine et non humaine. En ceste cité a moult grand hab dance de tous biens, de pain, et de vin et de toutes autres choses.'fn. 4 See Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 41, Paris, 1891. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 412
« Ce fait le Roy voulut aller à SPAHAN ville capitale de Par-thie, elloignée de CASBIN douze iournées les comptant à pas de Carauane, où nous le fuiuifmes. L'on trouue par le chemin beau-coup de bonnes places, comme entr'autres vne, qui eft appellée Com, vne autre dite CASSAN, qui eft plus grande, et plus riche que Com, comme aufli beaucoup de bourgs et villages. Tout cechemin eſt plain et vny, toutesfois d'vn coſté et d'autre on voittou-fiours des montagnes, [This done, the King wished to go to Spahan, the capital city of Parthia, twelve days distant from Casbin, counting them at the pace of Carauane, where we fled. One finds many good places along the way, such as one called Com, another called Cassan, which is larger and richer than Com, as well as many towns and villages. The whole road is flat and winding, however, on one side and the other one always sees mountains.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 133
SOURCE for Cassian
« The 20th daye at night we came to the fayre citie of Cassian (Kashan), lying in the cuntrey of Parthia. On the waye between this citie and the foresayde citie of Comes the cuntrey of the Par-thiance and the Medians are parted. Here we piched in a caravansero that Shaw Abbas built, the fayerest that ever I saw it is big innaw to lodge any king of Chrissendom was all his trayne-hauing traveled 7 lges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Caxen
« Llegose á Caxen, adonde auia gran número de otras mugeres cubiertas con sus mantos blancos, sobre las paredes, varandas y otras partes altas, y ansi se en-tro por la çiudad, aunque fuera de lo que della está rrodeado de muralla, que es alta y muy bien labrada, hasta el Maydan, que es una larga calle, aunque no tanto como la de Xiras, pero mas ancha, con muchos arboles por las vandas á raiz de las paredes, adonde ay algunas casas y dentro grande arboleda de huertas. [He arrived at Caxen, where there were a great number of other women covered with their white cloaks, on the walls, balustrades and other high parts, and thus he entered the city, although outside of what is surrounded by a wall, which is high and very well made, up to the Maydan, which is a long street, although not as long as that of Xiras, but wider, with many trees along the sides at the base of the walls, where there are some houses and inside a large grove of orchards.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 57
SOURCE for Kachan
« Kachan » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
SOURCE for Kaschan
« Malgré la vue de tout le peuple de Kaschan, venu au-devant de nous, y compris la communauté juive, l'im-patience nous prenait un peu d'une route aussi longue, quand, à la fin, nous arrivames, et la première vue de notre logis dissipa comme une fumée notre mécontentement. [Despite the sight of all the people of Kashan, who came to meet us, including the Jewish community, we were a little impatient with such a long journey, when, at last, we arrived, and the first sight of our lodging dissipated our discontent like smoke.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 237
« The 27. we came to the Citie of Kaschan, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
« Kaschan where on the 3 day of Ianuary we arrived to|wards the Evening, taking up our Quarters at a very noble and commodious Carawansera, seeming rather a Palace than an Inn. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 310
SOURCE for Kashan
« I journeyed to Kashan (25), where I stayed for a month, fn. 25 Kashan, Nain, Sirjan and Tarum, Iranian towns. » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109
« Passing the post-house of Mohamedye and Gaz, Kashan came in sight over an undulation in the sand, and we were soon threading the narrow lanes of this, one of the largest business places of Persia. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 295
« thence 12 to Kāshān. Total, from Sävah to Kāshān it is 22 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« we caught sight of the blue domes of the mosques at Kashan that rose with a glimpse of color over the brown plain. Kashan, pronounced in Persian as Kashan, is flanked by mountains and hills on the south, west, and northwest, but on the other sides it lies open to the plain. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 410
« Kashan is one of the hottest places on the great Persian plateau, but has the rare luxury of a good water supply brought from a reservoir some distance off in the Kuhrūd mountains. It has a much-diminished population, said now to number 30,000 souls. Much of it is in ruins, and much more is ruinous. It has a thriving colony of Jews. It is noted for its silks and velvets; but the modern productions are regarded by judges as degenerate. It is still famous for its work in copper and for its great copper bazar. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 230
« Next day brought us to another considerable town- Káshán-after an uneventful march of about seven hours, broken by a halt for lunch at a village called Nasrábád, at which I was supplied with one of the excellent melons grown in the neighbourhood. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 173
« and crawling along in true caravan fashion, entered Káshán soon after sunset, and » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 548
« Sin-Sin to Kashan, 4) ?. ?., 20 ?. ... Enter Kashan by road rudely paved with stones; a considerable town, celebrated for its silk manufactures. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 56
SOURCE for Katschan
« The Persians put this City of Katschan at 84 degrees longitude, and at thirty four distant from the Line. After an exact Observation of three days, I found that it is distant from it thirty three degrees and 51 minutes, that is, nine minutes less. The City is of a great length, reaching from East to West, above half a German League. Its Walls and bastions are of a kind of Potters day, and it lies in a great Plain, the ground of which is good enough for Tillage, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 194
SOURCE for Qasan

R186-030 Band-i-Kohrúd
R186-030 Band-i-Kohrúd : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: DAM UFI: 10322362 coordinate: lat 33.721762 long 51.464388
Supplement: NIMA/GNS data coordinates amended
VARIANT names: Band-i-Kohrud , great wall , Sadd-e Khaki-ye Sheykh Baha'i ,
SOURCE for Band-i-Kohrud
« Proceeding onwards through very fine scenery, we suddenly came upon a mighty wall of rock wherewith the channel of the stream was barred, and beyond this a vast sheet of water formed by the damming-up of the water- course. This splendid, half-natural reservoir, which serves to keep the city of Káshán well supplied with water during the hot dry summer, was constructed, like so many other useful and beneficial public works, during the period of prosperity which Persia enjoyed under the Safavi kings, and is known as the Band-i-Kohrúd. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ pp. 185-6
SOURCE for great wall
« Au bout du va-lon on voit une grande muraille qui le traverſe et qui joint les deux montagnes. Cette muraille a plus de cent pas de long, fon épaiſſeur eft de plus de trente pieds, et fa hauteur de plus de cinquante. C'eſt encore un ouvrage du grand Cha-Abas qui voulut arrêter les eaux qui tombent de plus haut, et-faire là un grand refervoir pour s'en ſervir au beſoin. Au pied de la muraille il y a une écluſe qu'on tient fermée quand on veut garder l'eau, et qu'on ouvre quand on la veut laiſſer aller dans les terres de la plaine de Cachan. [At the end of the valley, one sees a great wall that crosses it and joins the two mountains. This wall is more than a hundred paces long, more than thirty feet thick, and more than fifty feet high. It is yet another work of the great Cha-Abas, who wished to stop the waters falling from higher up and create a large reservoir there for use when needed. At the foot of the wall, there is a sluice gate which is kept closed when it is necessary to retain the water, and opened when it is to be released into the lands of the Cachan plain.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73
SOURCE for Sadd-e Khaki-ye Sheykh Baha'i

R186-031 Javínán
R186-031 Javínán : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Javinan , Jebinun , Jovinan , Jovitan , جویتان ,
VARIANT names: Javinan ,
SOURCE for Javinan
« Soon we entered tortuous lanes, enclosed by stout walls of stone, and overshadowed by trees, and, after traversing these for some distance, we arrived at the village of Javínán, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 186

R186-032 Kohrúd
R186-032 Kohrúd : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kuhrud , Qahrud , Qohrud , قهرود ,
VARIANT names: Corou , Kohrood , Kohroud , Kohrud , Kouhroud , Kuhrud , Qohrud , Quhrud ,
SOURCE for Corou
« Du refervoir à Corou il y a environ deux heures de marche.Corou est un village fort grand et fort peuplé dans un terroir environné de hautes montagnes, et planté de quantité de-noyers. Ses maiſons n'ont qu'un étage fort bas, et ne font bâties que de cailloux, et fon Carvanſera eft beau et commode. [From the reservoir to Corou, it's about a two-hour walk.Corou is a very large and densely populated village in a region surrounded by high mountains and planted with many walnut trees. Its houses have only one very low story and are built entirely of stone, and its Carvansera is beautiful and comfortable.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73
SOURCE for Kohrood
« Beyond this the gorge widens, cultivation commences, the road winding between gardens and orchards till it reaches village of Kohrood. Contains some 300 houses, built one above the other on side of stony bare hill. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 56
SOURCE for Kohroud
« Le lendemain, nous nous mmes en marche pour gagner Kohroud, et nous nous apermes bientt qu'Aly-Khan faisait montre d'un grand talent stratgique. [The next day, we set off to reach Kohroud, and we soon realized that Aly-Khan displayed great strategic talent.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 233
SOURCE for Kohrud
« About a mile farther on we came to the village of Kohrúd, where, the chápár-kháné (post-house) being occupied, we found quarters at the house of a Seyyid, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 186
SOURCE for Kouhroud
« Kouhroud » in {map#1345 in #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ fig. Carte II Anciennes Routes vers Ispahan}
SOURCE for Kuhrud
« We lost the way in the snow, and then took to the pebbly river as the safest track, and had an hour of fumbling in water and snow under apple and pear trees for the halting-place. The twilight of a frosty evening was coming on when we reached the village of Kuhrūd—500 houses in terraces on a mountain side, and clustering round a fort on a projecting spur. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 233
SOURCE for Qohrud
SOURCE for Quhrud
« From Kāshān to Isfahan.-From Kāshān it is 8 leagues to the village of Quhrūd, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175

R186-033 Soh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Seh , So , Suh , سه ,
VARIANT names: Soh , Soou , Suh ,
SOURCE for Soh
« Sôh » in {map#1345 in #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ fig. Carte II Anciennes Routes vers Ispahan}
« The succeeding route was through 236an absolutely uninhabited and uninhabitable country, clay and mud hills, purple, red, gray, pink, brown, an utter desolation, till we came in sight of the good-sized and at a distance imposing-looking village of Soh in a keen wind with frequent snow showers. Soh is a telegraph testing station. ... The desolation of this part of the route may be judged of from the fact that except the village of Kuhrūd there is not an inhabited house for forty-six miles. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 pp. 235-6
« After we had surmounted the pass, things went somewhat better ; but we had been so much delayed during the ascent that it was nearly 6 P.M. , and getting dusk, before we reached the rather bleak-looking village of Soh. Here also there is a telegraph - office, whither I directed my steps. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 192
SOURCE for Soou
« Nous tions transports soudainement dans un climat du Nord. Il n'y avait pas d'ailleurs trop s'en plaindre. Les chevaux n'en marchaient que mieux. Aprs six heu res, nous arrivmes Soôu et nous nous apermes tout d'abord que notre veine d'infortune tait puise pour quelque temps. C'est une charmante petite ville, avec des constructions plusieurs tages et un beau caravansrail. [We were suddenly transported to a northern climate.There wasn't much to complain about, either.The horses only got better. After six hours,we arrived at Soôu and realized at first that our run of bad luck had ended for some time. It's a charming little town, with multi-story buildings and a beautiful caravanserai.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 231
SOURCE for Suh

R186-034 Murchekhar
R186-034 Murchekhar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Morcha-Khurt , Morcheh Khort , Murcheh Khort , Murcheh Khowrt , Murcheh Khur , Murcheh Khurd , مورچه خورت ,
VARIANT names: Moorchekar , Morchacoor , Morcha-Khurt , Murchekhar , R. b. Rustam , Ribat-i Ali b. Rustam ,
SOURCE for Moorchekar
« Approaching Moorchekar, a cannaut stream from right is crossed, and mud-built ruins sur-rounded by cultivation are passed. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Morchacoor
« I remember upon looking from the caravanserai at Morchacoor, from whence points in the vicinity of the next stage (Soo) are to be seen, I should have judged a small water reservoir on the road to be but two miles distant; it was twelve in reality: and a small knob upon the shoulder of a hill somewhat further, (four miles I should have said,) turned out to be twenty. » #1864 Fraser, J. B., A Narrative of a Journey into Khorasan in the years 1821 and 1822, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, London, 1825, ~ p. 164
SOURCE for Morcha-Khurt
SOURCE for Murchekhar
« Next day's march was singularly dull and uneventful, as well as bitterly cold. I had expected a descent on this side of the pass corresponding to the rapid ascent from Káshán to Kohrúd, but I was mistaken : it even seemed to me that the difference in altitude between the summit of the pass and Soh was at any rate not much greater than between the former and Kohrúd, while from Soh to our next halting-place, Múrchékhár, the road was, to all intents and purposes, level . At the latter place we arrived about 5 P.M. It is an unattractive village of no great size. Finding the caravansaray in bad repair, I put up at the post-house, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 193
SOURCE for R. b. Rustam
« R. b. Rustam » in {map#1167 in #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a` l'e´poque classique : IXe-Xe sie`cles : re´pertoires des toponymes, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985 ~ fig. Map V. Province du Gibal}
SOURCE for Ribat-i Ali b. Rustam
« some of the road goes through desert - Ribāt-i 'Ali b. Rustam, 1 stage; it can be reached following the edge of the desert. ... In the aforementioned Ribāṭ the houses of the castle are guarded by sentries. Nearby are a village and a pond > Iṣfahān, 1 stage. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 1 p. 277

R186-035 splendid caravansary
R186-035 splendid caravansary : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: RHSE UFI: -3073332 coordinate: lat 33.013206 long 51.499239
NIMA/GNS names: Karavansara-ye Madar Shah , Karvansara-ye Madar Shah , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbas , Madar Shah , کاروانسرای شاه عباس ,
VARIANT names: Karavansara-ye Madar Shah , Madar-e Shah bei Murcehkhort , Madarshah Caravanserai , splendid caravansary ,
SOURCE for Karavansara-ye Madar Shah
SOURCE for Madar-e Shah bei Murcehkhort
« Karavanserail Madar-e Shah bei Murcehkhort (Abb. 12; 93) (66)Lage: 10 km südlich Murcehkhort, 48 km nördlich von Esfahan (Zentrum), in +1650 m ü.N.N., etwas abseits östlich der Hauptstraße Murcehkhort - Esfahan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, sechs Stallabtei-lungen, Eck- und Courtinentürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 86,10 x 75,20 m Außenmaße (ohne Tür-me), 49,60 x 40,60 m Hofabmessungen, 12 m Kuppelhöhe und 12,50 m Höhe des Portalbaus.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel auf steinverkleidetem Podest.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude ist Bestandteil eines Militärlagers, in gutem Zustand, aber für Unbefugte nicht betretbar.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: In safavidischer Zeit errichtet.Neben dem safavidischen Karavanserail liegt ein langge-streckter, rechteckiger Bau von 52,50 x 13m, der die Zisterne und ein Badegebäude (Abb. 94) vereinigt. Die Tiefe der Zi-sterne ist unbekannt.fn 66 Siroux, Caravanserails ..., 78ff. - Der Bau ist Militärlager und nicht betretbar. [Madar-e Shah Caravanserai near Murcehkhort (Fig. 12; 93) (66)Location: 10 km south of Murcehkhort, 48 km north of Isfahan (city center), at an elevation of 1650 m above sea level, slightly off to the east of the main Murcehkhort-Isfahan road.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, six stable compartments, corner and curtain towers, and a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 86.10 x 75.20 m external dimensions (excluding towers), 49.60 x 40.60 m courtyard dimensions, 12 m dome height, and 12.50 m gatehouse height.Building material: Fired bricks on a stone-clad foundation.Architectural features and condition: The building is part of a military camp, in good condition, but inaccessible to unauthorized persons.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Constructed in the Safavid period.Next to the Safavid caravanserai lies an elongated, rectangular building measuring 52.50 x 13 meters, which houses the cistern and a bathhouse (Fig. 94). The depth of the cistern is unknown.fn 66 Siroux, Caravanserails ..., 78ff. - The structure is part of a military camp and inaccessible.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 50
SOURCE for Madarshah Caravanserai
SOURCE for splendid caravansary
« we came to the ruins of a little village, amidst which stood a splendid, though somewhat dismantled, caravansaray of the Safaví era. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 193

R186-036 Gurgab
R186-036 Gurgab : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Gorgab , Gurgab , Gurgab Karimabad , گرگاب ,
VARIANT names: Gorgab , Gurgab ,
SOURCE for Gorgab
SOURCE for Gurgab
« Resuming our march after a short halt, we passed several flourishing villages on either side (amongst them, and some distance to the east of the road, Gurgáb, which is so celebrated for its melons) , and, about 4 P.M., reached our halting- place, Gez. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 194

R186-037 Gez caravanseray
R186-037 Gez caravanseray : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 32.809308 long 51.609338 † basis (p) VARIANT names: Aganura , Gaz caravanserai , Gaz Shah'Abbasi Caravanserai , Gez caravanserai , Gez caravanseray , Karavanserail Gaz , SOURCE for Aganura « De Michiacour on vient à Aganara autre Carvanſera affez mal bâti; et d'Aganura aprés avoir fait trois lieuës dans des campagnes graffes et fertiles on arrive à Ifpahan. [From Michiacour one comes to Aganara another Carvanſera rather poorly built; and from Aganura after having traveled three leagues through rough and fertile countryside one arrives at Ifpahan.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73 SOURCE for Gaz caravanserai «1668-017 Gaz Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 48 33.69 E51 36 33.56 0.9 ha 20.36 ha» [accessed 10 Jan 2026] SOURCE for Gaz Shah'Abbasi Caravanserai SOURCE for Gez caravanserai « To the left one or two villages are seen, and one on right right under hills. 21 miles, the caravanserai of Gez, an extensive building. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57 SOURCE for Gez caravanseray « Resuming our march after a short halt, we passed several flourishing villages on either side (amongst them, and some distance to the east of the road, Gurgáb, which is so celebrated for its melons) , and, about 4 P.M., reached our halting- place, Gez. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 194 SOURCE for Karavanserail Gaz « Karavanserail Gaz (Gez) (Taf. 13,1-3) (Abb. 12; 101) (70)Lage: 23 km nördlich des Stadtzentrums von Esfahan und 12 km nördlich des Karavanserails Anushirvani (Amina-bad), in +1560 m ü.N.N., an der Route Esfahan - Murceh-khort (Morcheh Khort/Murtchehkhort).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier lwanen, zwei Stallabtei-lungen, runden Ecktürmen. Nischengliederung auf allen vier Außenseiten als jüngere Anbauten, Kuppel über dem Ein-gang, turmförmiger Aufbau (Mil) über dem östlichen Eck-turm, vorspringender Portalbau.Abmessungen: 90,36 x 80,72 m Außenmaße ohne Vor-sprünge, 54,30 x 44,10 m Hofabmessungen. Die Kuppelhöhe beträgt 10,70 m, die Portalhöhe 14,10 m (Abb. 102) und die Höhe der Seitenfronten 7,10 m (Abb. 103).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,5 cm) auf steinverkleidetem Sockel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Arkaden auf al-len Außenseiten, Turmaufbau über einem Eckturm. Das Ge-bäude befindet sich in befriedigendem Zustand und wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: In safavidischer Zeit errichtet als Ersatz für eine große benachbarte, in Lehmbauweise errichtete, um-mauerte Station.fn 70 Ebenda 164f. - Die Schnitte und Ansichten wurden am 11. 9. 1988 vermessen. [Gaz (Gez) Caravanserail (Plate 13.1-3) (Figs. 12; 101) (70)Location: 23 km north of the city center of Esfahan and 12 km north of the Anushirvani (Amina-bad) Caravanserail, at an elevation of 1560 m above sea level, on the Esfahan-Murcheh Khort (Murcheh Khort/Murtchehkhort) route.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four bays, two stable sections, and round corner towers. Niches on all four exterior sides are later additions. A dome sits above the entrance, and a tower-like structure (Mil) rises above the eastern corner tower. A projecting portal building completes the structure.Dimensions: 90.36 x 80.72 m (exterior dimensions excluding projections), 54.30 x 44.10 m (courtyard dimensions). The dome height is 10.70 m, the portal height is 14.10 m (Fig. 102), and the side facades are 7.10 m high (Fig. 103).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/4.5 cm) on a stone-clad base.Structural features and condition: Arcades on all exterior sides, a tower structure above one corner tower. The building is in satisfactory condition and is used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: Built in the Safavid period to replace a large, adjacent, walled station constructed of mud brick.fn 70 Ibid., pp. 164f. – The sections and elevations were surveyed on September 11, 1988.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 55

R186-038 Derwaze-i-Charchu gate
R186-038 Derwaze-i-Charchu gate : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: RDIN UFI: 10800686 coordinate: lat 32.678029 long 51.688207
NIMA/GNS names: Meydan-e Qods , میدان قدس ,
VARIANT names: Derwaze-i-Charchu gate , Meydan-e Qods ,
SOURCE for Derwaze-i-Charchu gate
« At length we entered the city by the gate called Derwázé-i-Chárchú, and were soon threading our ways through the bazaars, which struck me as very fine; » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 196
« Derwaze-i-Charchu gate » in {map#1447 Historical map of Isfahan with its fortifications under the Buyids, Kakuyids, and Safavids., Iranica Vol. XIII, Fasc. 6, pp. 617-622, , }
SOURCE for Meydan-e Qods

R186-038a Isfahan
R186-038a Isfahan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Aspadana , Esfahan , Esfehan , Isfahan , اصفهان ,
VARIANT names: al-Yahudiyya , A-su-pau-han , Esfahan , Gabæ , Hispaham , Hispahan , Hispahone , Isbahan , Isfahan , Ispahan , Ispahaun , Ispahawne , I-ssi-fa-hang , Julfa , Sipahan , Spaan , Spahan , Spahaune , Spahawn , Spahone , Ya-ssi-pau-hien ,
SOURCE for al-Yahudiyya
« al-Yahūdiyya V D3 La ville actuelle d'Isfahan. Iran. Ce toponyme désigne en principe la moitié Ouest d'Isbahän, mais il est souvent employé pour dési-gner la capitale (qasaba) tandis qu'Isbahān désigne la circonscription (kūra). I 198, 199; Η 362; Hur 58; Y 274; R 90(g); Muq 7, 23, 26, 51, 388, 389, 397, 398, 399(d), 400, 401, 402, 457-58, 459, 491 ?. Yaq IV, 1045; LS 203-204; Schw. 586 + index. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 45
SOURCE for A-su-pau-han
« same as Ya-ssi-pau-hien in Amoy dialect » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Esfahan
SOURCE for Gabæ
#836 p. 13
SOURCE for Hispaham
« Prés huit heures de courſe nous aurivâmes ſur les dix heu res du matin à Hiſpaham. [After nearly eight hours of racing, we arrived at Hispaham around ten o'clock in the morning.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 77
SOURCE for Hispahan
« And so we arrived at Hispahan. Hispahan is one of the greatest Cities in Persia, where the King sometimes keepeth his residencie. The people are industrious and curious in all Sciences, but especially in weaving Girdles and Shashes, in making of Velvets, Sattens, Dammasks, very good Ormuzines, and Persian Carpets of a wonderfull fine-nesse. Here you may buy all manner of Drugs, and Spices, and Turkeses, with store of Pearles, Diamonds, and Rubies, as also all sorts of Silkes, as well wrought, as raw. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 pp. 84-5
SOURCE for Hispahone
« This daye we came from Hispahone [Ispahan], being the last of Aprill, to Botoon [?J 1 som two leauges from the citye.
fn. 1 Not traced. Della Valle gives Bertabad in this neighbourhood. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 45
SOURCE for Isbahan
SOURCE for Isfahan
« Iṣfahān 4. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
« and from the village of Sin it is 4 leagues to Isfahan city » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« finally 4 leagues to Isfahan. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 167
« I felt almost inclined to question my eyes when I actually caught sight of the ruined fire-temple. The deserted shrine stands on the top of a hill which rises about seven hundred feet sharply above the plain at a distance of three or four miles from Isfahan. The ascent is by a winding path which starts from the southeastern slope of the elevation and proceeds by a series of natural steps formed by ledges of the unhewn rock. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 253
« Inside the shabby gateway the road to Julfa lies among rows of mean mud houses, heaps of ruins, and shabby provision bazars; and that mile or more of Isfahan was the one disagreeable part of the journey. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 244
« The aggregate distance from Yezd to Isfahan I computed to be a hundred and seventy-seven miles. The course principally west, and the road good. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 423
« je ne parlerai dans cette route que de mon dernier voyage, lorsque je partis d'Ispahan pour les Indes le vingt-quatrième de février 1665. [I will only speak in this passage of my last voyage, when I left Isfahan for India on the twenty-fourth of February 1665.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Ispahan
« avoir fait trois lieuës dans des campagnes graffes et fertiles on arrive à Ifpahan. [Having traveled three leagues through rough and fertile countryside, one arrives at Ifpahan.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73
« Et de la a Ispahan اصفهان sans aucune ville dans l'intervalle, go milles. [And from there to Isfahan (اصفهان), with no town in between, 6 miles.] » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 2 p. 166
« At last we emerged from the bazaars into the fine spacious square called Meydán- i- Shah. On our right hand as we entered it was the 'Alí Kápí (Supreme Gate), which is the palace of the Zillu ' s -Sultán, the Prince Governor of Isfahan, of whom I have already spoken » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 196
« We were conducted through several streets, through the Maidan, and before the Kings Pa|lace, to that part of the Suburbs which is called Tzulifa, where we were lodg'd in the Quar|ter of the chiefest of the Armenian Merchants, who are Christians, and have their habitations there. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197
« the 16. of Ianuary I left Ispa|han, with a retinue of three persons, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
« HAving stay'd the most part of 2 Days at Ruk, we set forward again, and on the 19 we came to the long-wishd-for Ispahan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 313
« Reise von Isfahan nach Persepolis und Schinas anno 1683 in November [Journey from Isfahan to Persepolis and Schinas in November 1683] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 85
« je me résolus de me rendre à Ispahan, le plus tôt que je pourrois, et j'y arrivai le 2 juillet, fatigué et abattu autant qu'on le peut être. [I resolved to go to Isfahan as soon as I could, and I arrived there on July 2nd, as tired and dejected as one can be.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 91
« From Guz to Ispahan through cultivated plains. Road crossed by numerous streams of water » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Ispahaun
« After we had received their Complements, they undertook to be both our Guide and Guard to Ispahaun, Three Miles farther, defending us against the unwary Insults of Thieves, with which this place is infested » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 239
SOURCE for Ispahawne
« The twenty fourth day, we entred into the City where wée staied eleuen or twelue daies.This City of Ispahawne, is a gallant City, and one of the principall Cities of Persia, and aboundeth in traffique of all sorts of Merchandize. There are ma|ny great Surroies, where are houses made of purpose for the laying in and kéeping of Merchants goods, and to harbour and lodge themselues and their Camels Horses or other Cattle, and prouision; the profits of which Surroies redound to the King only. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 53
SOURCE for I-ssi-fa-hang
« name written in the Yaun period » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Julfa
« From Daulatabad to Julfa 22¾ miles. » #3529 Henry Blosse Lynch, Across Luristan to Ispahan, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, London, 1890 vol. 12:no. 9:pp. 533-553 ~ p. 551
« #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ » #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ p. 170
SOURCE for Sipahan
« (2) The city of Isfahan (Sipahān) consisted of two parts, Shahristān (also called al-Madina and Djayy, evidently the seat of the governor) and Djahüdhān (Arabicised: al-Yahūdiyya, i.e. the old Jewish quarter). See Hudud al-'alam, 131; al-Istakhri 198-9; Yākūt, 343. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 9 p. 220
SOURCE for Spaan
« 3 The city of Spaan, Spahan, or Ispahan, by the Arabians called Isfahan, situated in the southern part of Persian Irak, is well known as the magnificent capital of the kings of the Sefi family, which, espe- cially during the reign of Shah Abbas II., exceeded in splendour, as well as extent, most Asiatic cities. It fell under the dominion of the Moghuls in 1221, and was taken, plundered, and nearly destroyed by Tamerlane in 1387. » #3318 ed. Thomas Wright trans. Marsden, The Travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian, The Translation of Marsden Revised, with a Selection of his Notes, H.G. Bohn, London, 1854 ~ p. 49 fn. 3
« We remained in this city of Spaan with His Majesty until the 25th of this month, during which time we were invited by His Majesty to frequent banquets. Spaan appears to be a very convenient city. It is situated in a plain abounding with all kinds of provisions. It is said that, as the city refused to surrender, much of it was destroyed after it had been taken. It is surrounded by a wall of earth like the others. From Tauris to Spaan is a twenty-four days' journey, through a country entirely belonging to Persia, consisting of a very arid plain with salt water in many places. » #383 Barbaro, J. and Contarini, A., Travels to Tana and Persia, Hakluyt Society:Burt Franklin, Cambridge:New York, 1873:1963-6, ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Spahan
« December 1.-I hired 125 Camells to carry mine and Mr. Robert Dowglasse's Bales, at Mahmoodies 80 for 100 Maunds Tauris, to Bagdat, and 13 mules to carry our luggage, at Mah-moodies 90 per 100 Maunds Tauris.¹December 13. This day I left Spahan, and began my journey towards Aleppo, by way of Bagdat. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 213
« La ville de SPAHAN autresfois appellée, comme veulent aucuns Hecatompyle, eft fort grande; mais elle n'a point de for-tereffe, ny aucun beau palais, elle n'a pas fi grande difette d'eau comme CASBIN, mais elle a auffi beaucoup plusbeſoin de bois. [The city of Spahan, formerly called, as some would have it, Hecatompyle, is very large; but it has no fortress, nor any beautiful palace, it does not have as large a water supply as Casbin, but it also has much more need of wood.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 134
« siendo cosa increible el grande numero de estas naciones que en la ciudad de Spahan está rrecogido, no cabiendo en los muchos y grandes carauasares que en la giudad ay, por no tener casas propias en que biuir. [It is incredible how many of these nations are gathered in the city of Spahan, not fitting in the many large caravanserais in the city, because they have no houses of their own to live in.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 pp. 24-5
SOURCE for Spahaune
« 5 February 1707/8. Departed from Spahaune [Isfahan] the 5th February at 3 after-noon. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Spahawn
« One of the oldest and best accounts of Ispahan, soon after the period of Shah Abbas's government, is given by Sir Thomas Herbert, an English traveller, who visited it in 1627, and parts of whose description are so curious as to be worth transcribing, especially as his book is not now so easy of access to the general reader. He says:-'The imperial city of Spahawn is in thirty-two degrees thirty-nine minutes north; is seated in the kingdom of Parthia, in a fair plain and pleasant horizon. It is by some called Spaan, and by others Spahan and Hispahan, as their several dialects concorded. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ note p. 231
« ISFAHAN-Telegraph Station. In the Persian province of Irak-Ajim; pronounced "Spahawn." » #3181 Bradshaw's Through Route Overland Guide to India, and Colonial Handbook, W. J. Adams and sons, 1884 ~ p. 253
« The tenth of Aprill wee fet out from Spahawnet a village fix miles South from Spahawn: when we had gone a farfang (three miles,) we were ſtayed by the way to taſte a banquet in a ſpacious garden of the Kings, whither the Engliſh Agent and ſuch other Chriftian Mechants as were in Spaharon came out to attend our Lord Ambaffador: a mile neerer the Citie, the Vifier, the Sultan of Spahawn, Meloyembeg and Hodge nazar the Armenian Prince with foure thousand horse and innumerable foot, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Spahone
« The 27th daye we came to on of the Kinges garde[n]swch is wthin an English mile of the citie of Spahone [Ispahan], wher we rested this daye and layd in a muskeet [mosque] this night, weh is ouer against the garden gate. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Ya-ssi-pau-hien
#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12

R186-039a Marg : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Margh , Marq , Morgh , مرغ , مرق ,
VARIANT names: Marg , Marq ,
SOURCE for Marg
« By Marg chapar khaneh I fell in with some Persians, with whom I chatted, » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 278
« but, as it was already late in the afternoon when we started, we made only ten or twelve miles, covering the distance at a swift gallop, and spent the night at the hamlet of Marg. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 276
« I was compelled, therefore, to abandon all hopes of getting further than Marg, some three parasangs distant from Julfá, and to resign myself to an idle morning. It was not till after lunch that all was ready for the start, and, bidding farewell to my kind host, Dr. Hoernle, I mounted the sorry steed assigned to me, and, with my mind filled with delightful anticipations, turned my face in the direction of Shíráz. Karapit, the head servant of the Mission, accompanied me on my way as far as the "Farewell Fountain" (rendered conspicuous by the solitary tree which stands beside it), and even for some distance beyond it, till the post-house of Marg appeared in the distance. Then he turned back, wishing us a good journey; and a monotonous ride of an hour or so brought us to our halting-place (which the muleteers, for some reason, had changed from Marg to a village somewhat further on, called Kala-i-Shúr) while it was still early in the afternoon. We put up at a dilapidated caravansaray, where nothing occurred to vary the monotony, except the arrival, some time after sunset, of a party of Jewish minstrels and dancing-boys, who were, like ourselves, bound for Shíráz. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 221
SOURCE for Marq

R186-065 Sunij : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sanich , Sanichabad , Sanieh , Sanij , Sanijabad , Sunich , Sunieh , سانيج , سانيچ آباد ,
VARIANT names: Sunich , Sunij ,
SOURCE for Sunich
SOURCE for Sunij
« path, and at the foot of which lies the village of Balkh-u-Guríz. Farther on we passed the village of Kattú (also on the right), by which runs the direct road from Yezd to Bawánát, and soon afterwards turned the northern end of the vast pile of cliffs which forms this western face of the Shír- Kúh, and, following a ravine to the left, down which rushed a clear, cool mountain stream, presently reached the beautiful Alpine village of Sunij , a mass of gardens and groves situated amidst the grandest rock- scenery. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 358

R186-065a Khurashe
R186-065a Khurashe : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Farasha , Farashah , Farasheh , Kharashat , Kharashi , Khurashi , خراشات , خراشی , فراشا , فراشاه , فراشه ,
VARIANT names: Khurashe , Khurashi ,
SOURCE for Khurashe
« We reached the large and flourishing village of Taft about mid- day, two hours and a half after passing another prosperous and pretty village called Khuráshé . » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 360
SOURCE for Khurashi

R186-066 Taft : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Taft , تفت ,
VARIANT names: Taft , Taste ,
SOURCE for Taft
« we found quarters; such are the modern glories of Taft. Holy men have lived here in time past. An old dome rises above the trees; it is empty, and the doors are gone, but the roof and walls still show beautiful work in blue and gold, with flowered tiles and fresco painting. Over the door, carved in wood, is the Arabic date, corre- sponding to the Christian year 1268. Hard by stand theruins of the shrine built by Shah Niamat Ullah before he fixed his abode in Mahun. These are buildings of some extent, with the remains of handsome mural decorations. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 272
« As we proceeded on our way the signs of increasing civilization and comparatively fair prosperity grew more and more marked, and about an hour after noonday we reached Taft. This is a well-to-do suburb of Yezd and a place that counts among its population a considerable number of Zoroastrians, mostly gardeners. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 347
« We reached the large and flourishing village of Taft about mid- day, two hours and a half after passing another prosperous and pretty village called Khuráshé . » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 360
SOURCE for Taste
« et III. zornate di là un'altra villa nominata Taste, 333) da la qual caminando una zornata se trova lex, fn. 333. Taste. Sembra trattarsi di Taft, piccola città nel distretto montuoso di Shir-Küh, 40 km. a sud-ovest di Yazd. (Lo.) [and III. kilometers from there is another village called Taste, 333) from which, walking one kilometer, is found lex, fn. 333. Taste. It seems to be Taft, a small town in the mountainous district of Shir-Küh, 40 km. southwest of Yazd. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 150

R186-066a Mubarake
R186-066a Mubarake : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mobarak , Mobarakeh , Mubarak , مبارك , مباركه , مبارکه ,
VARIANT names: Mobarakeh , Mubarake ,
SOURCE for Mobarakeh
SOURCE for Mubarake
« We passed successively the large and flourishing villages of Mubáraké and Chamr on the right, and Zeynábád on the left, while on a low spur of the mountains to the south of the road the white dakhmé or " tower of silence " of the Zoroastrians was plainly visible. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 361

R186-066b Chamr
R186-066b Chamr : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Cham , چم ,
VARIANT names: Cham , Chamr ,
SOURCE for Cham
SOURCE for Chamr
« We passed successively the large and flourishing villages of Mubáraké and Chamr on the right, and Zeynábád on the left, while on a low spur of the mountains to the south of the road the white dakhmé or " tower of silence " of the Zoroastrians was plainly visible. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 361

R186-066c Zeynabad
R186-066c Zeynabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: ZaInabad , Zein Abad , Zeynabad , زين آباد ,
VARIANT names: Zein Abad , Zeynabad ,
SOURCE for Zein Abad
SOURCE for Zeynabad
« We passed successively the large and flourishing villages of Mubáraké and Chamr on the right, and Zeynábád on the left, while on a low spur of the mountains to the south of the road the white dakhmé or " tower of silence " of the Zoroastrians was plainly visible. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 361

R186-067 Yezd : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3088569 coordinate: lat 31.897222 long 54.3675 NIMA/GNS names: Yazd , Yezd , يزد , VARIANT names: Gest , Geth , Iest , Iex , Isatichae , Isatis , Issatis , Jesd , Jest , Jex , Kuththa , Yazd , Yesday , Yezd , SOURCE for Gest « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Geth « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Iest « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Iex « Seguendo più oltra trovassemo Iex, 292) terra de mistiero, come sarian la- vori di seda, gottoni e ciambelotti et altri simili. Penserano alcuni che quello ch'io dirò non sia vero e pur è vero, come sa quelli che l'hanno visto. Volta circa miglia.5., è murata, ha borgi grandissimi,fn. 292. Iex = Yazd. Cfr. nota 262. Qui il testo sembra corrotto. Da Isfahan, il Barbaro prosegui costantemente in direzione nord, in compagnia del Contarini, fino a Käshän e a Qum e poi a Tabriz. Ora, lasciata Qum, egli raggiungerebbe all'improvviso Yazd, che dista 740 km. verso sud-est. Tenendo conto di quanto scrive in seguito lo stesso Barbaro, sembra probabile che, dopo essersi separato dal Contarini a Tabriz, egli facesse ritorno a Qum e a Käshän, proseguendo poi per Yazd, Shiriz, Hormuz. (Lo.) [ 1,251 / 5,000 Continuing further we found Iex, 292) a land of mystery, as there would be works of silk, bricks and cinder blocks and other similar things. Some will think that what I will say is not true and yet it is true, as those who have seen it know. It is about 5 miles long, it is walled, it has very large villages, fn. 292. Iex = Yazd. Cf. note 262. Here the text seems corrupted. From Isfahan, the Barbarian continued steadily in a northerly direction, in the company of Contarini, up to Käshän and Qum and then to Tabriz. Now, leaving Qum, he would suddenly reach Yazd, which is 740 km. away to the south-east. Taking into account what Barbaro himself wrote later, it seems probable that, after separating from Contarini in Tabriz, he returned to Qum and Käshän, continuing on to Yazd, Shiriz, Hormuz. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 140 SOURCE for Isatichae owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Isatichae, 54.3675, 31.897223, IR, nkn, exact, 70, tmcIRa0100_036a » assumed to be same as Yaz 12/05/02 « Yezd is a city of considerable antiquity, since its name apparently occurs, under the form of ?σατίχαι (Isatichai), in Ptolemy's Greek geography, where it is named among the few towns of the desert of Carmania. (1) According to Persian tradition, moreover, it must have been known in Alexander's time, having been used by the victorious invader as a place of confinement for his prisoners of war. (2) The common view associates the name Yezd, or Yazd, with Yazdagard I (A.D. 399-420), father of Bahram Gor, probably as the rebuilder rather than the original founder. (3)fn. 1 Ptolemy, Geography, 6. 6. 2. This name is not to be confused with Istakhr (Curzon, Persia, 2. 239).fn. 2 On this latter point (drawn froin Hafiz) and for the common view re-garding Yezd (Yazd) and Yazdagard, see Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, pp. 419-420.fn. 3 For remarks on the name of Yezd and Kathah, see note i at the end of this chapter, p. 351. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 348 SOURCE for Isatis #836 Warrington, John (ed.), Everyman's Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography, J M Dent and Sons Ltd, 1952, ~ p. 13 SOURCE for Issatis « Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder, d. 79 CE), in his Natural History, mentioned a town of the Parthian period called “Issatis”, which would seem to correspond with the tribal name of the Asagarta/Istachae/Sagartians.(15) Some scholars have proposed that Yazd thus began as Issatis (rendered also Isatichae, Ysatis, Yasatis) in Median or Achaemenian times.(16) Pliny, however, asserted that Issatis was situated in a chora (also choara, choarena: ‘district’) near the southern foothills of the Alburz Mountains - this would perhaps be at or close to Simnān (Semnān), meaning with the Alburz range to the north and the Dašt-i Kavir to the south. That location would fit well with Pliny’s statement that Issatis was built on a clifftop, rather than in the long inter-desert oasis valley where Yazd arose.(17) However, because the Sagartians were nomads, their range of habitation may very well have extended from Simnān down to Yazd by the time of the Parthian kings. Their territory would then skirt the Dašt-i Kavir, lying between those two pastoral zones, and permit the single toponym ‘Issatis’ for both locations in pre-Islamic times.(18)fn. 15 Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus), Natural History, ed. and trans. Horace Rackham and others, 10 vols (London: Heinemann, 1938-63): VI, pp. 44, 113. fn. 16 Tomaschek, Wilhelm, “Zur Historischen Topographie von Persien I: Die Strassenzüge der tabula Peutingeriana”, Sitzungsberichte der Philologisch-Historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 102 (Vienna: Gerold, 1883): pp. 145-231, here p. 165; Markwart (Marquart), Josef, “Beiträge zur Geschichte und Sage von Erān”, ZDMG, XLIX (1895): pp. 628-72, here p. 669. fn. 17 As observed by Christensen, Decline: pp. 288-9 note 21. fn. 18 For additional discussion on the tribe’s possible locations and range see also Frye, Richard N., The History of Ancient Iran (Munich: Beck, 1984): here p. 90; Eilers, Wilhelm, “Asagarta”, in EIr, II (1987): p. 701 (updated version at ); and Potts, Daniel T., Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014): pp. 102-8. » #3152 ed. David Durand-Guédy, Jürgen Paul, Roy Mottahedeh, Cities of Medieval Iran, Brill, Leiden, 2020 ~ pp. 222-3 SOURCE for Jesd « Jesd or Yezd; Persia 32.5 N 54.46 E 31 Fd » #3168 Alexander Keith Johnston, Index Geographicus Being a List Alphabetically Arranged of the Principal Places on the Globe... and Their Latitudes and Longitudes, W. Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh, 1864 ~ p. 284 « From Parra we spent eighteene dayes to Jesd, a Citie of Persia, passing through a very desolate countrey. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 85 SOURCE for Jest « Drauff kamen wir in die Stadt Jeſt, worinnen man die Seide in groffer Menge sehr kunstlich arbeitet. Sie ist die Hauptstadt in der Provinz Arach, [We then came to the city of Jeſt, where silk is produced in great quantities and very skillfully. It is the capital of the province of Arach.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 63 SOURCE for Jex « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Kuththa « Information from the Tabula Peutingeriana, which survives as a thirteenth century CE copy of a fourth or fifth century CE illustrated itinerarium,19 and is ascribed to a Roman archetype of the first century BCE, is also valuable for locating ancient Yazd. The Tabula notes a Parthian way station called Cetrora (perhaps derived from chora), along a road heading eastward from Hamadan. The place name Cetrora has been compared with an Islamic era toponym Ka?a/Kata/Kasa, meaning ‘hollow’ and hence ‘valley’ from Old Iranian and Avestan kata-, ‘enclosure’, for Yazd.(20) f. n. 20 Tomaschek, “Topographie”: p. 16. Tomaschek’s etymological suggestion, rather than his incorrect geographical locator, was followed by Williams Jackson, Abraham V., Persia Past and Present (London: Macmillan, 1906): pp. 351-2, but erroneously rejected by Christensen, Decline: p. 288, note 21. The toponym is also pronounced Kuththa, according to Barthold, Wilhelm, An Historical Geography of Iran, trans. Svat Soucek (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984): p. 167. Miller, Konrad, Itineraria romana, (Stuttgart: Strecker and Schröder, 1916): p. 797, linked Cetrora to the village of ?abis (present-day Šādāb in Kirman province) which is much too far to the east. » #3152 ed. David Durand-Guédy, Jürgen Paul, Roy Mottahedeh, Cities of Medieval Iran, Brill, Leiden, 2020 ~ p. 223 SOURCE for Yazd and from Nain to Yezd, where I also lived for a month. And from Yezd I proceeded to Sirjan » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109 SOURCE for Yesday « The 27. day we went some 7. forsongs to a Towne called Yesday. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52 SOURCE for Yezd « Yezd is a city about 2 miles in length from north-west to south-east and 1 miles broad. It is built almost entirely of mud or sun-dried bricks, a few of the better houses as well as some of the mosques and other public buildings being faced with burnt bricks.The fort or ancient city is surrounded by a high mud wall flanked by towers at about 50 yards interval. Outside this high wall runs a low one with a command of about 9 feet over the glacis, and giving a second tier of fire. Outside this lower mud wall runs a ditch with perpendicular unrevetted sides of a width and depth of about 20 feet. The weaker points of the building are defended by round towers connected with the main building by arched bridges; the ditch being widened in places so as to include the towers and yet preserve the same width throughout.The Governor lives in a fortified enclosure - the citadel, which is inside the fort. The citadel is the only part of the defences which are not in a ruinous and unserviceable condition. It is similar in construction to the rest of the fort, and like it, has mud walls about 30 to 40 feet in height. These are about 8 feet thick at the base and taper gradually upwards, till at the parapet the thickness does not exced 1 foot.It is entered by two gate-ways, one being on the north-west and the other on the south-east face. The ditch in each instance is crossed by a permanent single-arched bridge.The fort has evidently been unused as such for many years, the interior being choked up with a mass of houses, through which run nar-row winding streets, some of which are roofed over and so low that it is impossible for a horseman to ride through them. In many places all the interior works have fallen away, leaving lines of loop-holes 15 or 16 feet above the ground, where they are quite useless.The fort contains the Jama Masjid, an ancient building, whose lofty minarets are the first object to strike the eye when viewing the city from a distance. Several of the irregularly built bazars of the city wind in and out of the fort on the south-west side, and as they are roofed over, it is hard to tell whether one is inside or outside. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ pp. 25-26 « This encircling tract of sand, which is nearly thirty miles broad and many more miles long, is bounded on the south and west, and partly on the north, by ranges of rugged hills, while a belt of sand-dunes on the east reaches almost to the walls of Yezd, but is kept back by gardens, whose green tinge affords a welcome contrast to the brown and parched aspect of all around.Yezd is a city of considerable antiquity, since its name apparently occurs, under the form of ?σατίχαι (Isatichai), in Ptolemy's Greek geography, where it is named among the few towns of the desert of Carmania. (1) According to Persian tradition, moreover, it must have been known in Alexander's time, having been used by the victorious invader as a place of confinement for his prisoners of war. (2) The common view associates the name Yezd, or Yazd, with Yazdagard I (A.D. 399-420), father of Bahram Gor, probably as the rebuilder rather than the original founder. (3)fn 1 Ptolemy, Geography, 6. 6. 2. This name is not to be confused with Istakhr (Curzon, Persia, 2. 239).fn 2 On this latter point (drawn fron Hafiz) and for the common view regarding Yezd (Yazd) and Yazdagard see Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, pp. 419-420.fn 3 For remarks on the name of Yezd and Kathah see note i at the end of chapter, p. 351 » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 348 « at twenty miles enter a sandy desert, range of mountains on the left running off across the sandy plain ; at twenty six miles the city of Yezd. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 421 « entered the sandy plain wherein lies the ancient city of Yezd , towards which we wound our way through gardens and cornfields. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 362

R186-067a Muhammadabad
R186-067a Muhammadabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mohammadabad , Muhammadabad , محمد آباد ,
VARIANT names: Mohammadabad , Muhammadabad ,
SOURCE for Mohammadabad
« At 21 miles halt at Muhammadabad.Time, about 7¾ hours. Road, good and passable to all arms. Muhammadabad, a flourishing and populous town, well supplied with water. It contains numerous fruit gardens. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ p. 25
SOURCE for Muhammadabad
« I did so, thinking, of course, that he knew the way; but this proved to be a rash assumption, for, after traversing the considerable village of Muhammadábád, he lost the road and struck off into the open desert, where the soft sand proved very arduous to my horse, which began to lag behind. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 419

R186-068 Sar-i-Yezd
R186-068 Sar-i-Yezd : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mehriz , Nazerabad , Sar Yazd , Sar-e Yazd , Sar-i-Yezd , سر يزد , ناظر آباد ,
VARIANT names: Sar-e Yazd , Sar-i-Yezd ,
SOURCE for Sar-e Yazd
SOURCE for Sar-i-Yezd
« and, after again losing the way several times, we finally reached the post - house of Sar- i- Yezd about sunrise. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 419

R186-069 Zeynu'd-Dín caravansary
R186-069 Zeynu'd-Dín caravansary : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 31.411769 long 54.706829 † basis (p) Supplement: karvansaraye zin oddin کاروانسرای زین الدین VARIANT names: Robat Zeyn-od-Din , Zainuddin Caravanserai , Zein-o-din caravanserai , Zeynoddin caravanserai , Zeynoddin Caravanserai Yazd , Zeynu'd-Dín caravansary , SOURCE for Robat Zeyn-od-Din « Das Rundkaravanserail:Typ: Außen runder Bau mit fünf dreiviertelrunden Türmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau. In der Längsachse liegen ein Vorhof, ein zwölfseitiger Zentralhof und ein rückwärtiger Hof. Der Bau hat zwei Stallgänge und eine Anzahl abgeschrägter und achteckiger Räume.Abmessungen: Äußerer Durchmesser ohne Vorsprünge 48 m, Durchmesser des zwölfseitigen Hofes 17 m, Turm-durchmesser 7 m, Weite des rückwärtigen Hofes 6,50 m und Weite des Vorhofes 6,30 m (Abb. 99). Höhe der Fassa-den, innen wie außen, 7 m (Abb. 100). [The Circular Caravanserai:Type: A circular building with five three-quarter-round towers and a projecting entrance. Along its longitudinal axis are an outer courtyard, a twelve-sided central courtyard, and a rear courtyard. The building has two stable passages and a number of sloping and octagonal rooms.Dimensions: Outer diameter without projections 48 m, diameter of the twelve-sided courtyard 17 m, tower diameter 7 m, width of the rear courtyard 6.50 m, and width of the forecourt 6.30 m (Fig. 99). Height of the facades, inside and out, 7 m (Fig. 100).] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 62 SOURCE for Zainuddin Caravanserai SOURCE for Zein-o-din caravanserai « Figure 1: distribution of Caravanserais in south Iran; 1- Madar Shah 2- Abbasi Gaz 3- Anoshirvan 4- Barsian 5- Mahyar 6- AminAbad 7- Izadkhast 8- Khankhoreh 9- Abalqasem 10- Saryazd 11- Zein-o-din 12- Bard-e Shiraz 13- Rostam 14- Bajgah 15- Shah Abasi 16- Mian Jangal 17- Borashloo 18- Jahrom 19- Safiqoli 20- Barmir » #3659 Morteza Khanipour, The Role of Caravanserais in Trade: Bard-e Shiraz and Rostam Caravanserais, Iran in International Scientific and Practical Conference Cultural Echoes On the Silk Road: Bridging Historical Legacies with Modern Tourism May 16-18, 2024, ~ p. 491 SOURCE for Zeynoddin caravanserai «1668-028 Zeynoddin Iran (Islamic Republic of) N31 24 42.69 E54 42 24.67 0.41 ha 269.93 ha» [accessed 10 Jan 2026] SOURCE for Zeynoddin Caravanserai Yazd [accessed 30 Oct 2024] SOURCE for Zeynu'd-Dín caravansary « for which we were rewarded by finding ourselves in less than half an hour at Zeynu 'd- Dín, where there is nothing but a caravansaray and a very good post - house. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 422

R186-070 Kermanshahan
R186-070 Kermanshahan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara , Kermanshahan , Mazra`eh-ye Kermanshah , مزرعه کرمانشاه , کاروانسرا , کرمانشاهان ,
VARIANT names: Kermanshahan , Kirmanshahan ,
SOURCE for Kermanshahan
« We reached Kirmánsháhán half an hour before sunset, and alighted at the post- house, which was the best I had seen in Persia. There are also two caravansarays , one old and one new. As no meat was obtainable, I made my supper off eggs fried in oil, and then went to sleep . » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 422
SOURCE for Kirmanshahan
« KIRMANSHAHAN-LAT. 31° 18' N.; LONG. 54° 59' E.; ELEV. 4,910'. A halting place in Kirman, 53½ miles from Yazd, on the road to Kirman. It consists of a telegraph station, a good and clean chāpārkhaneh and a caravanserai in bad repair. Ten sowars of the Afshar tribe, well armed and mounted, and 10 tufangchis are stationed here. The road on to Ana is very unsafe, being continually subjected to incursions from the Färs and Isfahan sides. (Preece, 1892.) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt. 1 p. 577

R186-071 Shamsh post-house
R186-071 Shamsh post-house : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: Shamsh post-house ,
SOURCE for Shamsh post-house
« A more dismal spot than Shemsh it would be hard to imagine. There is nothing but the aforesaid caravansaray and a post- house (singularly good, like all the post- houses between Yezd and Kirmán) standing side by side in the sandy, salt- strewn plain. As I rode up to the latter edifice, I saw a little stream, very clear and sparkling, carefully banked up between mud walls which conducted it into a small pond. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 423

R186-071a Anar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Anar , انار ,
VARIANT names: Anar ,
SOURCE for Anar
« 22. For this group Ist., 161, gives Unās, K.rdakan, and Bimand. Under § 29, 44., too, Anar stands in our text for Ist.'s Unās (but cf. Tās in § 5, 11.). The name Bimand (Mimand) is firmly attested in numerous Muslim writers; our کوتميذن may be a compound * Kut-Mimand or * Kūh-Mimand. Maq., 464, particularly speaks of the strong position of Mimand. » #2901 V Minorsky, Hudud Al Alam The Regions Of The World, Luzac and printed at the University Press, Oxford, for the Trustees of the 'EJW Gibb Memorial', London, 1937, ~ p. 376
Travellers and caravans now always go by the eastern road viâ Anár and Bahrámábád. Before the Sefavíehs (i.e. before A.D. 1500) the Anár road was hardly, if ever, used; travellers always took the Báfk road. The country from Yazd to Anár, 97 miles, seems to have been totally uninhabited before the Sefavíehs. Anár, as late as A.D. 1340, is mentioned as the frontier place of Kermán to the north, on the confines of the Yazd desert. When Sháh Abbás had caravanserais built at three places between Yazd and Anár (Zein ud-dín, Kermán-sháhán, and Shamsh), the eastern road began to be neglected." (Cf. Major Sykes' _Persia_, ch. xxiii.)--H. C.]
« About dawn we arrived at Anár, a flourishing village containing a good many gardens, and surrounded by fields in which men were busy reaping the corn. Here we alighted at the post - house to rest and refresh ourselves » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 424
« ANAR-LAT. 30° 53' 22". LONG. 55° 16' 30". ELEV. 4,431'.A village in Kirman, 93 miles from Yazd, and 127 miles from Kirman, on the road between these towns. A prosperous village of 400 houses with 2,000 inhabitants. Anar is the head of a small district of the same name.It lies to the east of a range of hills, of which the most prominent peak is called När Küh. A curious old mud fort, encircled by a double wall, stands on an eminence round which most of the houses are clustered, and the place is generally garrisoned by a detachment of sowars. Water is led down in qanats from the hills mentioned above.Besides a good post-house and caravanserai, the place possesses a pro-minent mosque dedicated to Muhammed Salih bin Müsa Kāzim. There is a telegraph office under the Persian Government, also a British central station, and a caravan track connects it directly with Bandar 'Abbas via Said-abad. » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 53

R186-072 Beyaz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bayaz , Beyaz , بیاض ,
VARIANT names: Bayaz , Beyaz ,
SOURCE for Bayaz
SOURCE for Beyaz
« before continuing our march to the next stage, Beyáz , which we reached without incident a little before sundown. Beyáz is a small hamlet containing a few trees, and not devoid of signs of cultivation. Three or four camels were resting and taking their food in a field opposite the post-house, where I alighted in preference to the large but dilapidated caravansaray » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 424

R186-073 Kushkuh
R186-073 Kushkuh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kashku'iyeh , Koshku'iyeh , Kushku , Qushk , کشکوئيه ,
VARIANT names: Kushku , Kushkuh ,
SOURCE for Kushku
SOURCE for Kushkuh
« but it was only after repeated disappointments that the welcome outline of the post-house of Kushkúh loomed out, like some " moated grange," through the darkness. We » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 425

R186-074 Bahramabad
R186-074 Bahramabad : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Bahramabad , Rafsanjan , Rafsinjan , رفسنجان ,
VARIANT names: Bahramabad , Rafsandjan , Unas ,
SOURCE for Bahramabad
« ["The province Kerman is still rich in turquoises. The mines of Páríz or Párez are at Chemen-i-mó-aspán, 16 miles from Páríz on the road to Bahrámábád (principal place of Rafsinján), and opposite the village or garden called Gód-i-Ahmer. These mines were worked up to a few years ago; the turquoises were of a pale blue. Other turquoises are found in the present Bardshir plain, and not far from Mashíz, on the slopes of the Chehel tan mountain, opposite a hill called the Bear Hill (tal-i-Khers). » #2066 Yule, Henry, Sir, The book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian : concerning the kingdoms and marvels of the East, J. Murray, London, 1903, ~ vol. 1 p. 92 note. 2
« We put up our tents inside the rooms, and when we had settled in, our Yezd acquaintance arrived to dinner, as the floods had delayed him on his journey to Kerman. He told us that from the roof of the Bahramabad caravanserai he had seen houses collapsing one after another around him, and the drainage channel was turned into a roaring torrent some thirty yards wide, sweeping away everything in its course. » #1630 Sykes, Ella C., Through Persia on a side-saddle, A. D. Innes and Co Ltd, 1898, ~ p. 77
« 9th April, Bahramabad, 8 farsakhs ; 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. We had eight farsakhs to march next day. The road descends the bed of the river, winding among the mountain-tops, and passes three villages at twelve, fourteen, and sixteen miles from God-i-Ahmar. At the last village we breakfasted, overlooking the Rafsinjan plain, which was simmering and shimmering in the hot air. The rest of the march was one long descent towards Bahramabad ... It was a long sixteen miles to Bahramabad. We sought quarters in the Persian telegraph-office, but it was too small, so we took the post-house (chaparkhana) instead. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 191
« We spent two days in a garden near Bahramabád, the chief town of Rafsinján (1) and, after being royally entertained, I said good-bye to His Highness, fn. 1 Khafájai are the only nomads in the district, numbering sixty families. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 77
« The night was quite chilly and the march very tedious, and even when soon after dawn we sighted Bahrámábád, a weary length of wilfully sinuous and serpentine road remained to be traversed ere we finally alighted at the post-house . » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 425
SOURCE for Rafsandjan
RAFSANDJAN, a town of Kirman province, central Persia (lat. 30° 25' N., long. 56° 00' E., altitude 1,572 m/5,156 ft.), situated on the Yazd road 120 km/74 miles to the west of Kirman city. It is the cheflieu of a shahrastan or district of the same name. Known also as Bahramabad, in 1991 it had an estimated population of 87,798 (Preliminary results of September 1991 census, Statistical Centre of Iran, Population Division).
Bahramabad is a considerable town of 4,000 houses, fairly clean, and evidently thriving. The caravan- serai was a good one, the rooms having for the first time, if I remember rightly, doors and windows;
SOURCE for Unas
« The town of Rudan, with Unas (also known as Bahramabad) and Aban, was situated in a northern extension of the Kerman oasis which, nevertheless was considered part of Istakhr kurah during this period. » #3094 Donald Whitcomb, Trade and Tradition In Medieval Southern Iran - Thesis, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 1979 ~ p. 113
« To sum up, during Sassanian times the northern desert fringe of both Fars and Kirman was being systematically colonized, and the process may well have included the founding, or at least the enlargement, of the whole string of small qanat-oases in northern Kirman: Zarand, Rafsandjan, Bafq, etc.(6)
fn. 6. Yaqut (tr.: 285) calls Zarand an "old town", a designation which usually means pre-Muslim. From the distances given in the geographical literature Le Strange (1905: 286) would identify Rafsandjan, previously Bahramabad, with the medieval town of Unas (see also Schwarz: 224). It might also be a case of successive settlements. The name "Bahramabad" appears from the end of the 14th century (Samarkandi tr.,: 113f). Also Kuh-bunan (between Bafq and Ravar) is sometimes listed as a Sassanian founding (Tomaschek, 1883: 605). 3112 pp. 179-181 ch 14
A parallel can be made with the small town of Unas. The name has also disappeared, but the actual settlement must be either identical with or succeeded by Bahramabad /Rafsandjan.(44)fn. 44 Cf. above p. 181, note 6. » #3112 Peter Christensen, The Decline of Iranshahr: Irrigation and Environment in the Middle East, 500 bc–ad 1500, Bloomsbury Publishing Limited, London, 2015 ~ p. 113

R186-075 Kabutar Khan
R186-075 Kabutar Khan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kabutar Khan , کبوتر خان ,
VARIANT names: Kabutar Khan ,
SOURCE for Kabutar Khan
« Kabutar Khan villages were to be seen, at intervals of a few miles, on either hand ; after that, mere plain, herbless, lifeless, save for little stonecoloured lizards with erect tails and large flat heads. Eighteen miles from Bahramabad is a shelterhouse with an abambar, where we breakfasted. The rest of our way was involved in a storm of wind, dust, and rain from the southwest. The tyranny of the wind is unchecked over these shelterless plains. Kabutar Khan has a good caravan sarai, newly built of stone. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 194
« We reached the post-house of Kabútar Khán (which seemed to be entirely in the charge of a very quaint old woman) about an hour after sunrise, and remained there till about » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 428

R186-076 Baghin
R186-076 Baghin : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Baghin , Bagin , Gachin , باغین ,
VARIANT names: Baghin ,
SOURCE for Baghin
« Baghin » in {map#1186 in #1511 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Kerman and Persian Baluchistan, with special reference to the journeys of Alexander the Great and Marco Polo, Journal of the Society of Arts, London, 1896-7 45:648-60 ~ fig. Marco Polo's Route as fixed by Captain Sykes}
« llth April, Baghin, 8 farsaJchs ; 8.30 a.m. to 6 p.m. Our next march was one of nine farsakhs, to Baghin. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 195
« Leaving a small garden which I had rented in the Zoroastrian quarter, the first stage was to Bághin, which was shown on the old maps of Persia, on both the Yezd and also the Shiráz road! » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 72
« Soon after dawn we reached Bághín (which is a small village surrounded by a considerable extent of cultivated ground), and, as usual, put up at the post-house. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 428
« BAGHIN-LAT. 30° 12' N. LONG. 56° 45' E. ELEV. 5,603'-(St. John.)A village in Kirman 19 miles from the town of that name, on the road to Yazd. It is an attractive-looking village, consisting of some 200 houses, nearly every one of which has trees growing round it. The population is about 2,000. The place is well supplied with sweet water from 5 kārizes, and the inhabitants cultivate a considerable area; 20,000 Indian maunds of wheat and barley are produced, 10,000 Indian maunds of millet, 20 Indian maunds of opium, besides cotton, beet-root potatoes and melons. Three hundred camels, 700 donkeys and 500 cattle. Wood scarce, shrubs being burnt. The village belongs to the State and pays a rental of 91,000 lbs. of grain. There is a good caravanserai of burnt brick and a chaparkhaneh. (Wood, October 1899-Dobbs, 1902 Gibbon, 1908.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 85

R186-077 Haji Ali Aka caravansaray
R186-077 Haji Ali Aka caravansaray : place IRN (caravanserai)
Supplement: karvansaraye haj moteodi کاروانسرای حاج مهدی
VARIANT names: Haj Mehdi Caravanserai , Haji Ali Aka caravansaray ,
SOURCE for Haj Mehdi Caravanserai
SOURCE for Haji Ali Aka caravansaray
« On entering the city we first made our way through the bazaars to the caravansaray of the Vakíl, which we were told was the best; but here there was no room to be had, so, after some delay, during which I was surrounded by a little crowd of sight-seers, we proceeded to the caravansaray of Hájí AlíÁká, where I obtained a lodging. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 429

R186-078 Kerman
R186-078 Kerman : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Carmana , Kerman , Kirman , کرمان ,
VARIANT names: Bardasir , Carmana , Carmania Metropolis , Guwashir , Karman , Kerman , Kirman ,
SOURCE for Bardasir
« « the modern site of Kerman (Bardasir) in the north is at the earliest a foundation of Sassanid times. » » #250 Cook, J. M., The Persian Empire, Book Club Associates, London, 1983, ~ p. 186
SOURCE for Carmana
« 48. Beyond the frontier of this people Greater Carmania rises with lofty peaks, extending as far as the Indian Sea, supplied with products of the soil and fruit trees, but far inferior in fame and in extent to the lands of the Arabs; however, the country is no less rich in rivers, and equally blest with a fertile soil. 49. The rivers better known than the rest are the Sagareus, Saganis, and Hydriacus. There are also cities which, though few in number, are very rich in all that contributes to the maintenance and enjoyment of life. Conspicuous among them are Carmana, mother city of them all, Portospana, Alexandria, and Hermupolis. » #234 Ammianus Marcellinus, Ammianus Marcellinus … translated by John C. Rolfe, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1986 ~ bk. XXIII, 6 48-49
SOURCE for Carmania Metropolis
« and Arrian (Ind. 37) adds … Carmana. The latter is called by Ptolemy Metropolis and is without doubt the town now called Kirman, which gives its name to the whole province of Kirman. It was at the time of Ammianus (xxiii. 6) a place of wealth and luxury. » #840 Smith, William (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by various writers, John Murray, 2 vol., London, 1873 vol. 1, p.p. 520-1 » #229 Tarn, W.W., The Greeks in Bactria and India, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1951 p. 482
SOURCE for Guwashir
« In Sāsānid times and in early Islamic times up to the fourth/tenth century, the shahr-i Kirman, the provincial capital, was what became the early Islamic city of Sirajan, in the western part of the province and near the modern Sa'idābād. It may have been this first Sāsānid governor, Ardashir, son of Ardashir I, who laid out what was perhaps a military encampment, rather than a city, at Weh Ardashir in the northeastern part of the province (Hamzah al-Isfahani, Ta'rikh, 43), the place that became in later times Guwashir or Bardasir, provincial capital under the Büyids and, afterward, became the modern city of Kirman. See Nöldeke, trans. 10 n. 3; Le Strange, Lands, 300-301; J. Marquart, Erānsahr nach der Geographie des Ps. Moses Xorenac'i, 30; Markwart-Messina, Catalogue of the Provincial Capitals, 90; Barthold, Historical Geography, 137-38; EI2, s.v. Kirman (A. K. S. Lambton) » #3081 trans: C. E. Bosworth, The History of al-Tabari, State University of New York Press, New York, 1999 ~ fn. 31 p. 10
SOURCE for Karman
« 12th April, Karman, 6 farsaJchs ; 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. The Jupa Mountains, with their snowy summits 13,000 feet high, were a noble mark on our right, as we marched next day to Karman. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 196
SOURCE for Kerman
« the modern site of Kerman (Bardasir) in the north is at the earliest a foundation of Sassanid times. »#250 Cook, J. M., The Persian Empire, Book Club Associates, London, 1983, ~ p. 186
« From Kermán, one road appeared on the map as running to Shiráz and a second to Yezd, » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 72
« There are seven principal caravansarais-Ganj Ali Khan, Hindui, Gabri, Gulchan, Mirza Hussain Khan, Salah-i-Nazir, and Khurasani. The one where Stack lodged in 1882 he describes as the best he had seen in Persia. A space 60 yards square is surrounded by two-storied ranges of buildings which, though small, are clean, neat and comfortable. The flooring of the court-yard of the rooms and of the broad balcony on the upper storey consists of red tiles neatly laid. In the courtyard were two tanks of clean water. » #3256 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Gazetteer of Persia Vol. IV, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, 1892 ~ p. 212
SOURCE for Kirman
« KIRMAN, the name of a Persian province and of its present capital. The name goes back to the form Carmania, which is found in Strabo (xv, 2, 14), and which is said to be derived from the name of an ancient capital, Carmana (Ptolemy, Geography, vi, 8; Ammanianus Marcellinus, xxiii, 6, 48. See further Marquart, Eransahr, 30, on the name Carmania, and Browne, Lit. Hist. of Persia, i, 145, for the later popular etymology of the name). » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 5 p. 147

R186-078a Langar
R186-078a Langar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Langar , لنگر ,
VARIANT names: Langar ,
SOURCE for Langar
« To our left lay the village of Langar, the headquarters of the Sheykhís, where live the sons of the Bab's great rival and antagonist, the late Hají Muhammad Karím Khán of Kirmán . » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 538

R186-079 Mahan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mahan , Mahun , ماهان ,
VARIANT names: Mahan , Mahun ,
SOURCE for Mahan
« the trees and buildings of Máhán stood clear before us.We went straight to the shrine of the great Saint Shah Ni'matu 'llah, and were admitted without difficulty in company with other pilgrims. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 537
SOURCE for Mahun
#1511 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Kerman and Persian Baluchistan, with special reference to the journeys of Alexander the Great and Marco Polo, Journal of the Society of Arts, London, 1896-7, 45:648-60 ~ p. 655
« Mahun was the first place where I had seen any really decent or substantial buildings (all of course still sun-bricks and Kahgil plaster) in the middle of the town your eye was at once caught by a peacock-blue dome. The colour was rather crude, but, after so many mid-coloured expanses, not unwelcome to the eye. We rode towards the town along a little watercourse which was also going there watering a row of willows on its way. » #3296 Emily Overend Lorimer, letter 'En route from Bandar Abbas to Kerman. The Village of Kishku', British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, 1912-13 ~ p. 29

R186-083a Kamalabad
R186-083a Kamalabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kamalabad ,
VARIANT names: Kamalabad ,
SOURCE for Kamalabad
« I arrived at my friend's house in Kamálábád, hard by Bahrámábád, in good time for supper, at which I met my old friend the postmaster of the latter place. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 543

R186-091 Maibud
R186-091 Maibud : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Maibud , Meybod , ميبد ,
VARIANT names: Maibud ,
SOURCE for Maibud
« Sundown found us in Maibud, which Yakut and other early Oriental geographers, who wrote before the thirteenth century, locate at a distance of ' ten farsakhs from the borders of Yezd and the same distance from Akdah.' (2) fn 2 Yakut, p. 555 ; of. also p. 404. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 402
« Yezd to Meybút or Meybud, where I arrived about 2 P.M., after a two hours' halt at Izzábád to visit an acquaintance, ten parasangs. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547

R186-091a Izzabad
R186-091a Izzabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Ezabad , Ezz Abad , Izabad , Jamalabad , جمال آباد , عزآباد ,
VARIANT names: Izabad , Izzabad ,
SOURCE for Izabad
SOURCE for Izzabad
« Yezd to Meybút or Meybud, where I arrived about 2 P.M., after a two hours' halt at Izzábád to visit an acquaintance, ten parasangs. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547

R186-091b Chifte
R186-091b Chifte : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FRM UFI: -3057221 coordinate: lat 32.3768 long 53.793
NIMA/GNS names: Chafta , Chafteh , چفته ,
VARIANT names: Chafta , Chifte , Tafta ,
SOURCE for Chafta
SOURCE for Chifte
« Thence to Chifté, which we reached about 5 P.M., six parasangs. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547
SOURCE for Tafta
« 25th June. Twelve miles to the small village of Myboot, contiguous to a range of hills on the left; to the right the country is well cultivated. Eight miles hence is Ardakoo, a large village; and ten further, the village of Tafta. At thirty miles I arrived at Oogda. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422

R186-092 Aghda : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Aqda , Aghda , عقدا ,
VARIANT names: Agda , Agdah , Agea Gaurnme , Agea Gaurume , Aghda , Akdah , Hemda (?) , Oogda ,
SOURCE for Agda
« Agda. It is a large village, with a high mud fort, partly in ruins, where we were assigned quarters. Agda is remarkable for its noble caravansarai and abam-bar, built by a merchant of Rasht thirty years ago, and for a large spring in a hollow under the fort. The spring is fed from the mountains, and in a cleft of them, twelve miles distant, a patch of green denotes the village of Hasanabad, watered by a perennial brook. The Zabit of Agda was an old man, and indisposed to receive strangers; nevertheless he did violence to his disposition, and treated us with great civility. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 2 p. 7-8
« Der 29. Julii brachte uns gen Agda, und lieferte uns Datteln/Feigen/überaus grosse Melonen und dieersten Weintrauben. [The 29th of July brought us to Agda, and delivered to us dates, figs, extremely large melons, and the first grapes.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 62
SOURCE for Agdah
« A mid-day halt on this journey was made for an hour at Akdah, or Agdah, which is described by Yakut as 'a town on the borders of the desert of Yezd.' (4)fn. 4 Yakut, pp. 404, 555. The older form of the name is generally given as 'Ukdah in the Arab geographies. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 403
SOURCE for Agea Gaurnme
« Agea Gaurnme Agda (?) » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 1 p. lix
SOURCE for Agea Gaurume
« The llth, three p. to a small castle named Agea Gaurume. » #1518 Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels arranged in systematic order: forming a complete History of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery, and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest to the present time., W.Blackwood:T. Cadell, 1824, 18 vols ~ vol. 9 p. 216
SOURCE for Aghda
« Thence to Aghdá, where we arrived about half an hour after dusk, four parasangs. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547
SOURCE for Akdah
SOURCE for Hemda (?)
« The 10. day we trauelled some 20. forsongs to a Town called Hemda, where are great store of Grapes and Muskmillions. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52
SOURCE for Oogda
« Oogda is a small village of about one hundred and sixty houses, with a good Suraé, situated on the edge of a desert between two ranges of mountains, running north-west and south-east. Here the authority of the governor of Yezd terminates. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422

R186-093 Naw-Gunbuz
R186-093 Naw-Gunbuz : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: FT UFI: -3077219 coordinate: lat 32.683 long 53.3249
NIMA/GNS names: Nau Gumbad , Nau Gumbaz , Now Gombad , Now Gonbad , نو گمبد , نو گنبد ,
VARIANT names: Charbashee , little village , Nao Gumbaz , Nau Gumbad , Nau Gumbaz , Naw-Gunbuz , Nu-Gumbaz , Orrinkca (?) ,
SOURCE for Charbashee
« 26th June. Moved west and west by south, over the desert. At twenty-seven miles, the village of Charbashee. There is a small Suraé here; the water bad, but forage cheap. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422
SOURCE for little village
« The 14. day we went but 4. forsongs to a little village. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52
SOURCE for Nao Gumbaz
« Nao Gumbaz » in {map#1341 in #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.) 3:9:513-46 ~ fig. Map of Khorasan and neighbouring countries}
SOURCE for Nau Gumbad
SOURCE for Nau Gumbaz
« night when we set out on our nine-farsakh march to Naugumbaz. This is sheer desert, and used to be dangerous. A glance at the map will show a great break in the Siyah Kuh hills opposite Agda. Through this break, under the mountain called Siyah Kuh par excellence, Biluchi marauders used to swoop down upon the exposed portion of the Yazd-Isfahan road between Agda and Nain. Naugumbaz fort and caravansarai are midway, and caravans arriving safely there were accustomed to look towards Siyah Kuh for guidance as to their further movements. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 2 p. 8
SOURCE for Naw-Gunbuz
« we started by bright moonlight, and reached the desolate post-house of Naw-Gunbuz (whence a road leads to Isfahan) half an hour before sunrise on 1st September (nine parasangs). » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547
SOURCE for Nu-Gumbaz
« Darkness was falling and a storm approaching when I reached the chapar-khanah at Nu-Gumbaz — a dreary and desolate place. I » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 404
« afternoon for an hour's rest and a cup of tea at the temporary camp they had set up, some miles south of Nu-Gumbaz. Darkness was falling and a storm approaching when I reached the chāpār-khānah at Nu-Gumbaz - a dreary and desolate place. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 404
SOURCE for Orrinkca (?)
« The 13. day we went 6. or 7. forsongs to a Towne called Orrinkca, a lodging Towne. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52

R186-093a Na'in : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Naeyn , Na'in , نائین ,
VARIANT names: Gora , Gowra (?) , Nain , Na'in ,
SOURCE for Gora
« From Jesd we spent seventeene dayes to Hispahan, passing by Gora, a faire Towne, where is store of raw Silkes, Quilts, Silke-carpets, and Turkeshes. And so we arrived at Hispahan. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 85
SOURCE for Gowra (?)
« The 15. day we went 5. forsongs to a Towne called Gowra being a faire great Towne, where is great store of raw silkes, bed couerings, silke carpets, cotten Carpets, and such like commodities; and there wée staied that night, and the next day and night. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ pp. 52-3
SOURCE for Nain
« we filed slowly into the town of Naïn, called 'Naim' by Josafa Barbaro, who found it 'evill enhabited, not exceading Ve houses.' (2) A century earlier (1340) the Persian geographer Mustaufi described it as surrounded by 'a rampart 4000 paces in circumference,'(3) and Yakut, a hundred years before him, spoke of the theological reputation of Naïn, as having produced a number of eminent students of the Koran and scholars versed in Mohammedan lore. I was struck by the evident antiquity of the place, and I find Naïn mentioned by the Arab geographers in the ninth and tenth centuries, but I have not yet been able to trace its history back to the Sasanian period, although the designation of the ancient citadel as Kal'ah-i Gabar, Gabar Castle,' and the retention of Zoroastrian naines in some of the local designations point to a very early age. fn. 2 Josafa Barbaro, Travels, ed. Hakluyt, 49. 82. fn. 3 See Barbier de Meynard, Dict. géog. de la Perse, p. 561. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 405
« to Rai (24). There Shah Husain, son of Ali and grandson of Mohammed, was slain; he cursed them, and by his curse 70 towns were felled. And from Rai fn. 24 Rai, one of the greatest cities of medieval Iran. Its ruins lie five miles to the south- east of Teheran. » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109
« NÁIN.Lat. 32° 49' 6"; Long. 52° 56'0".A town in the district of Yazd, from which it is 80 miles distant. It is 93 miles east of Isfahan.Náin is a small town, rather less than a mile in circumference, enclosed by a dilapidated wall and ruinous ditch, and entered by five gateways. It is situated on an uneven part of a great plain, a short distance south of some mountains which intersect the flat country at this part. With the excep-tion of some trifling patches of cultivation and a few gardens of fruit trees, the environs appear perfectly sterile, and the aspect of the place is rendered still more wretched by the ruins of nud walls which surround it. It pos-sesses a small bazaar of some 70 or 80 miserable shops.A ruined mud fort stands within the town, which latter possesses some 5,000 inhabitants. Náín is the principal place in a district extending from south-east to north-west about 54 miles, and from north-east to south-west about 77 miles, in which space there appear to be 8 villages and some 300 hamlets. Many of the latter are tenanted each by a very few families. The productions of the district consist of Larley, wheat, cotton, all in triflingquantities, and fruits, such as melons, grapes, and pomegranates. The importance of the place lies on its position at the junction of roads to Isfahan, Kashán, Yazd, Samnán, Damghán, Biabanak, and Tabas. » #3461 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Routes in Persia, Government Central Branch Press, Simla, 1887 ~ p. 389
« The first town I reached was Nain, celebrated for its faience in ancient times, and even now the pottery made in this town is the best manufactured in Persia. I did not enter the town » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 515
« De Mouchena de Radar à Naïn. 8 » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 340
SOURCE for Na'in
« Thence a dreary stage of six parasangs brought us about 4 P.M. to the queer old rambling town of Na'in. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547

R186-094 Neyistanak
R186-094 Neyistanak : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Naistanak , Neyestanak , نیستانک ,
VARIANT names: Naistan , Naistanak , Neistanak , Neyistanak ,
SOURCE for Naistan
« All went well on the journey until Ne'istanak (Barbaro's ' Naistan ') was reached on the same day, two hours after noon. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 405
SOURCE for Naistanak
SOURCE for Neistanak
« All went well on the journey until Neïstanak (Barbaro's Naistan') was reached on the same day, two hours after noon. There I found that the outgoing post, north and south, had taken all the horses of the chāpār-khānah, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 405
SOURCE for Neyistanak
« Half an hour after sunset we reached Neyistának (six parasangs), » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547

R186-094a Jaukand
R186-094a Jaukand : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Jaugand , Juqand , Zafarkand , Zafarqand , Zafarqand , ظفرقند ,
VARIANT names: Jaugand , Jaukand ,
SOURCE for Jaugand
SOURCE for Jaukand
« and arrived (eight parasangs) during the forenoon at Jaukand, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547

R186-095 Ardistan
R186-095 Ardistan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ardestan , Ardistan , اردستان ,
VARIANT names: Ardestan , Ardistan , Hardistan ,
SOURCE for Ardestan
SOURCE for Ardistan
« Ardistan is a flourishing town, abounding in streams and orchards, and counting some twelve thousand inhabitants, a number notably larger than the estimate given in the fifteenth century by Josafa Barbaro, who calls 'Hardistan a little towne that maketh a Vc howses, (2) but more in accordance with the statement made in the tenth century by Mokaddasi (Makdasi). The latter says: 'Ardistan is larger than the other cities in the region of the desert. It is well populated, and has fine bazaars and numerous mosques. There are many sages and learned men residing there. The region of Ardistan abounds in white flour, whence it derives its name (ard, 'white flour,' and stan, 'place'). (3) fn 1 Two days was the time occupied by Josafa Barbaro in the fifteenth century, for he says: 'From thense [i.e. from Neïstanak] two other daies iorney is Hardistan, a little towne that maketh a Ve howses' (ed. Hakluyt, 49. 83).fn 2 See preceding note, and for the present estimate of 12,000, cf. Sykes, op. cit. p. 157. fn 3 Freely rendered from Mokaddasi, ed. De Goeje, Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 390. The etymology is not correct; see be-low, p. 407. In contradistinction to Mokaddasi's praise of the people of Ardistan I may cite a Persian writer of the seventeenth century, Sadik Isfahani (p. 62), who reports that the people of this place are, it is said, prone to exces-sive anger and violence.' » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 406
« after a ride of five parasangs , we reached the little town of Ardistán. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 548
SOURCE for Hardistan
« This single day's journey of forty miles occupied sixteen hours! (1)Ardistan is a flourishing town, abounding in streams and orchards, and counting some twelve thousand inhabitants, a number notably larger than the estimate given in the fifteenth century by Josafa Barbaro, who calls 'Hardistan a little towne that maketh a Vc howses', (2) but more in accordance with the statement made in the tenth century by Mokaddasi (Makdasi). The latter says: 'Ardistan is larger than the other cities in the region of the desert. It is well populated, and has fine bazaars and numerous mosques.fn. 1 Two days was the time occupied by Josafa Barbaro in the fifteenth cen-tury, for he says: From thense [i.e. from Neïstanak] two other daies ior-ney is Hardistan, a little towne that maketh a Ve howses' (ed. Hakluyt, 49. 83).fn. 2 See preceding note, and for the present estimate of 12,000, cf. Sykews, op. cit. p. 157 »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 406

R186-096 Mughar
R186-096 Mughar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Moghar , Moqar , Mughar , مغار , موغار ,
VARIANT names: Moghar , Moqar , Mughar ,
SOURCE for Moghar
« Forward through the sand trudged our little cavalcade until, about the time when one would ordinarily be breakfasting in America, we were approaching the small town of Moghar, on the edge of the desert, having been six hours already in the saddle. The outskirts of the settlement were rich in grain -fields, and the gleaners were already at work with the sickle. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 408
SOURCE for Moqar
SOURCE for Mughar
« After a stage of six parasangs we reached Mughár » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 548

R186-096a Khalid-abad
R186-096a Khalid-abad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Khaledabad , Khaliabad , Khalidabad , خالد آباد ,
VARIANT names: Khaledabad , Khalid-abad ,
SOURCE for Khaledabad
SOURCE for Khalid-abad
« Five parasangs more brought us to Khálid-ábád about sunrise; » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 548

R186-096b Abu Zeyd-abad
R186-096b Abu Zeyd-abad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Abu Zaidabad , Abu Zobeydabad , Abuzeydabad , ابوزید آباد ,
VARIANT names: Abu Zeyd-abad , Abu Zobeydabad , Abuzaidabad ,
SOURCE for Abu Zeyd-abad
« six more parasangs to Abú Zeyd-ábád about noon on 3rd September. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 548
SOURCE for Abu Zobeydabad
SOURCE for Abuzaidabad
« running in confusion before an approaching thunderstorm ; but I was in too good training to be unseated, and we galloped at full speed beneath the hold khdnah of the post-house at Abuzaidabad at 7.30 p.m., just as the rain began to pour down. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 410

R186-097 Kashan
R186-097 Kashan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLA2 UFI: 10325556 coordinate: lat 33.997284 long 51.441575
NIMA/GNS names: Kachan , Kashan , كاشان ,
VARIANT names: Cachan , Caixan , Caixao , Cascian , Cashan , Cassan , Cassian , Caxen , Kachan , Kaschan , Kashan , Katschan , Qasan ,
SOURCE for Cachan
« A la pointe du jour nous apperçumes Cachan, où nous arrivames a 7. heures du matin. Une partie de la caravane alla loger dans la ville, et le refte dans le Caravanferan du fauxbourg. [At daybreak we sighted Cachan, where we arrived at 7 o'clock in the morning. Part of the caravan went to stay in the town, and the rest in the Caravanferan of the suburb.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 182
« Le treiziéme érant partis à deux heures aprés minuit, nôtre courſe fut de neuf heures. Au commencement le chemin fut fort mauvais, et nous trouvámes pluſieurs Villages des habitez, avant que d'arriver à Cachan, dont le Caravanferail eft tres-beau. [The thirteenth departure was at two o'clock after midnight, our journey lasted nine hours. At the beginning the road was very bad, and we encountered several inhabited villages before arriving at Cachan, whose caravanserai is very beautiful.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 71
« Il y a dans Cachan ... les Carvanferas grands et commodes; mais il y en a un entr'autres qui eftoit fort magnifique proche des jardins du Roy à l'entrée de la ville, dans lequel je logeay à mon dernier voyage d'Afie. Tant le Carvanfera que les Jardins font des ouvrages de Chabas I. du nom, et il y fit une fort grande depenfe. Ce Carvanfera à environ 100. pas en quarre, il eſt bati de brique, et à deux étages, et contient prés de fix vingt chambres voutées et d'une raiſonnable grandeur. [In Cachan there are... large and comfortable Carvanferas; but there is one among others that was quite magnificent near the King's Gardens at the entrance to the town, in which I stayed on my last trip to Africa. Both the Carvanfera and the Gardens are the work of Chabas I, and he spent a very large amount on them. This Carvanfera, about 100 paces square, is built of brick, has two stories, and contains nearly twenty vaulted rooms of reasonable size.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 72
SOURCE for Caixan
« in analogous manner, but more evidently, the name of the city of Kashan, rendered once with 'Caixan' and once with 'Caixào', a few lines after (f. 3r). » #3224 Margherita Farina, Giovanni Battista Raimondi's Travel in the Middle East: A Case of Sixteenth-Century Portuguese-Italian Interference, Oriente Moderno, NUOVA SERIE, ~ pp. 55-6
SOURCE for Caixao
« CAIXÃO, cidade de-Kashan, em 33' 59' lat. N. e 51° 30' long. E., capital da província persa do mesmo nome. [Fernão Lopes de Castanheda - História do des- cobrimento e conquista da India pelos Portugueses]. [CAIXÃO, city of Kashan, in 33' 59' N. lat. and 51° 30' E. long., capital of the Persian province of the same name. [Fernão Lopes de Castanheda - History of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portuguese].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. A-C p. 145
« From this city of whatever name, the Portugals, pursuing their course to the Shah of Persia, arrived at the city of Cayxam (Kashan) on the Friday of July 20th 1515 » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970 ~ p. 44
« From here they will depart for Ormuz by another winding road that passes through many towns and places, very useful land with large livestock; they will arrive at the city of Caixão, where they will stay for fifteen days » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p.249
SOURCE for Cascian
« VI. Io dico adunque, che avendo già veduto e osservato in Cascian ciò che di sopra ho scritto, ed essendoci riposati abba-stanza, la domenica a sera del ventotto di gennaio ci partimmo, [VI. I say, then, that having already seen and observed in Cascian what I have written above, and having rested sufficiently, we departed on Sunday evening, the twenty-eighth of January,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 572
SOURCE for Cashan
« and thence to Cashan, a gallant Citie; from Coom six and thirty miles: the way was easie and plaine, but somewhat sandie. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 213
« Cashan is not lesse than York or Norwich, above foure thousand families are accounted in her: the houses are fairely built, the streets be large and comly; the Mosqus and Hummums are curiously painted and ceruleated, with a feigned Turquoise: the Buzzar is spatious and uniforme; furnished with Silks, Damasks, rich Carpets, Sattens, and cloth of gold; no part of the Persian Monarchy shewes better, or more variety, nor a people more exactly industrious. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 214
SOURCE for Cassan
« Odoric expressly says that Kashan, or Cassan,' as he calls it, was 'the city of the Three Kings' and that these worshippers set out from there to Jerusalem, which they reached by divine aid in thirteen days. (4) The passage in the account of Odoric de Por-denone reads as follows: -'DE LA CITÉ DE CASSAN. - De ceste cité m'en alay vers la grant Inde par mer. Si vins par maintes journées a une cité des trois roys qui firent offrande à Jhesu Crist nouvel né. Et appelle on ceste cité de Cassan, cité royal de grant honneur mais Tartre l'ont moult destruite. De cette cité de Cassan jusques en Jherusalem a plus de journées dont on puet clerement appercevoir que ly troy Roy de ceste cité de Cassan furent en XIII journées amené en Jherusa par vertu divine et non humaine. En ceste cité a moult grand hab dance de tous biens, de pain, et de vin et de toutes autres choses.'fn. 4 See Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 41, Paris, 1891. »
« Ce fait le Roy voulut aller à SPAHAN ville capitale de Par-thie, elloignée de CASBIN douze iournées les comptant à pas de Carauane, où nous le fuiuifmes. L'on trouue par le chemin beau-coup de bonnes places, comme entr'autres vne, qui eft appellée Com, vne autre dite CASSAN, qui eft plus grande, et plus riche que Com, comme aufli beaucoup de bourgs et villages. Tout cechemin eſt plain et vny, toutesfois d'vn coſté et d'autre on voittou-fiours des montagnes, [This done, the King wished to go to Spahan, the capital city of Parthia, twelve days distant from Casbin, counting them at the pace of Carauane, where we fled. One finds many good places along the way, such as one called Com, another called Cassan, which is larger and richer than Com, as well as many towns and villages. The whole road is flat and winding, however, on one side and the other one always sees mountains.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 133
SOURCE for Cassian
« The 20th daye at night we came to the fayre citie of Cassian (Kashan), lying in the cuntrey of Parthia. On the waye between this citie and the foresayde citie of Comes the cuntrey of the Par-thiance and the Medians are parted. Here we piched in a caravansero that Shaw Abbas built, the fayerest that ever I saw it is big innaw to lodge any king of Chrissendom was all his trayne-hauing traveled 7 lges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Caxen
« Llegose á Caxen, adonde auia gran número de otras mugeres cubiertas con sus mantos blancos, sobre las paredes, varandas y otras partes altas, y ansi se en-tro por la çiudad, aunque fuera de lo que della está rrodeado de muralla, que es alta y muy bien labrada, hasta el Maydan, que es una larga calle, aunque no tanto como la de Xiras, pero mas ancha, con muchos arboles por las vandas á raiz de las paredes, adonde ay algunas casas y dentro grande arboleda de huertas. [He arrived at Caxen, where there were a great number of other women covered with their white cloaks, on the walls, balustrades and other high parts, and thus he entered the city, although outside of what is surrounded by a wall, which is high and very well made, up to the Maydan, which is a long street, although not as long as that of Xiras, but wider, with many trees along the sides at the base of the walls, where there are some houses and inside a large grove of orchards.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 57
SOURCE for Kachan
« Kachan » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
SOURCE for Kaschan
« Malgré la vue de tout le peuple de Kaschan, venu au-devant de nous, y compris la communauté juive, l'im-patience nous prenait un peu d'une route aussi longue, quand, à la fin, nous arrivames, et la première vue de notre logis dissipa comme une fumée notre mécontentement. [Despite the sight of all the people of Kashan, who came to meet us, including the Jewish community, we were a little impatient with such a long journey, when, at last, we arrived, and the first sight of our lodging dissipated our discontent like smoke.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 237
« The 27. we came to the Citie of Kaschan, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
« Kaschan where on the 3 day of Ianuary we arrived to|wards the Evening, taking up our Quarters at a very noble and commodious Carawansera, seeming rather a Palace than an Inn. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 310
SOURCE for Kashan
« I journeyed to Kashan (25), where I stayed for a month, fn. 25 Kashan, Nain, Sirjan and Tarum, Iranian towns. » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109
« Passing the post-house of Mohamedye and Gaz, Kashan came in sight over an undulation in the sand, and we were soon threading the narrow lanes of this, one of the largest business places of Persia. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 295
« thence 12 to Kāshān. Total, from Sävah to Kāshān it is 22 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« we caught sight of the blue domes of the mosques at Kashan that rose with a glimpse of color over the brown plain. Kashan, pronounced in Persian as Kashan, is flanked by mountains and hills on the south, west, and northwest, but on the other sides it lies open to the plain. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 410
« Kashan is one of the hottest places on the great Persian plateau, but has the rare luxury of a good water supply brought from a reservoir some distance off in the Kuhrūd mountains. It has a much-diminished population, said now to number 30,000 souls. Much of it is in ruins, and much more is ruinous. It has a thriving colony of Jews. It is noted for its silks and velvets; but the modern productions are regarded by judges as degenerate. It is still famous for its work in copper and for its great copper bazar. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 230
« Next day brought us to another considerable town- Káshán-after an uneventful march of about seven hours, broken by a halt for lunch at a village called Nasrábád, at which I was supplied with one of the excellent melons grown in the neighbourhood. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 173
« and crawling along in true caravan fashion, entered Káshán soon after sunset, and » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 548
« Sin-Sin to Kashan, 4) ?. ?., 20 ?. ... Enter Kashan by road rudely paved with stones; a considerable town, celebrated for its silk manufactures. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 56
SOURCE for Katschan
« The Persians put this City of Katschan at 84 degrees longitude, and at thirty four distant from the Line. After an exact Observation of three days, I found that it is distant from it thirty three degrees and 51 minutes, that is, nine minutes less. The City is of a great length, reaching from East to West, above half a German League. Its Walls and bastions are of a kind of Potters day, and it lies in a great Plain, the ground of which is good enough for Tillage, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 194
SOURCE for Qasan

R186-106 Teheran
R186-106 Teheran : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLC UFI: -3087341 coordinate: lat 35.705 long 51.4216
NIMA/GNS names: Teheran , Tehran , Tehran , تهران ,
VARIANT names: Teharone , Teheran , Teheraun , Tehran , Theheran , Tihran , Tyroan ,
SOURCE for Teharone
« This daye we came to Teharone [Tehrān], a fine towne lying vpon a playn, beinge very bare, haueing many plesant litle townes round aboute it. This towne is walde round aboute, » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Teheran
Teheran in « Map Teheran to Isfahan » #1116 Curzon, George N., Persia and the Persian Question, Cass: Longmans Green and Co, 1966: 1892, ~ vol. 2 between pp. 2 and 3
« However, once turned in the right direction, they proved excellent animals, and in one and a half hours we were driving through the semi-civilized streets of Teheran. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 299
« ISFAHAN is fair, Shiraz is beautiful, but Teheran - Tahran khaili khub ast-Teheran is very beautiful,' this is the en-comium which I heard bestowed, over and over again, upon the modern capital of Iran as I journeyed northward from Yezd. During a week's stay in the metropolis I found the city sufficiently attractive to make me sympathize, in part at least, with the enthusiasm of the Persians, even if Teheran cannot boast of many of the natural beauties of such a city as Shiraz. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 418
« At length, about sunset, we entered the city by the Derwázé- i-Naw (New Gate), and ... as it was now late, to take up temporary quarters at a caravansaray situated not far from the gate whereby we had entered. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 82
« I was ready to leave Tehran at nine in the morning; » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 5
SOURCE for Teheraun
« The sun rose in fiery splendour over the mountains of Teheraun, but the city itself is in so low a situation, that we could not distinguish it till we were not more than two miles distant. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 pp. 120-1
SOURCE for Tehran
« April 18th.-Left by Shah Abdool Azeem gate, and passed through small suburb of town » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 54
« Tehrán to Kabát Gumbaz, 64 H. R., 22 ?.*August 19th, 1857.-Left the city by the Shahabdoolazheem, or southern gate. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 37
SOURCE for Theheran
« Theheran » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
SOURCE for Tihran
« Just as endurance was on the point of giving way, we turned from the road through a large gateway into the extensive grounds which surround the British Legation, a large building forming three sides of a quadrangle, with a fine stone staircase leading up to the central door. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 181
SOURCE for Tyroan
« for by this time we are hous'd in Tyroan.
TYROAN, by her continued greatnesse and Antiquity seemes to be that Rhazunda, mentioned by Strabo and Ptolomy. It is seated in the midst of a faire large Plain; which albeit it be invironed with hills of stupendious height in most parts at good distance, yet some wayes it affoords a delicate Horizon. The ayre here is fresh and sweet in the morning and towards Sunset, but in the Sunnes perpendicular glances, wee found it hot and ra|ging: the houses are of white bricks, hardned in the Sunne; above three thousand houses are numbred in Tyroan; of which, the Dukes and Buzzar are the fairest and most observable; » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 193

R186-000 Erzeroum
R186-000 Erzeroum : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLA UFI: -748394 coordinate: lat 39.9086111 long 41.2769444
NIMA/GNS names: Ard-ar-Rum , Arzan-ar-Rum , Carana , Erserum , Erzeroum , Erzerum , Erzirum , Erzurum , Kalikala , Karin , Theodosiopolis ,
VARIANT names: Erzeroum , Erzerum ,
SOURCE for Erzeroum
« On Monday, 17th October, we quitted Erzeroum. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 36
SOURCE for Erzerum

R186-001 Avajiq
R186-001 Avajiq : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kalisa Kandi , Kelisa Kandi , كليسا كندی , كليسا كندی , کلیسا کندی ,
VARIANT names: Avajiq , Kelisa Kandi ,
SOURCE for Avajiq
« The country immediately beyond the frontier was as desolate and devoid of cultivation as that which we had just quitted, and it was not until we reached the Persian frontiervillage of Ávajik that we had any opportunity of observing that change of costume which constitutes the other great sign of entry amongst a new race. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 47
SOURCE for Kelisa Kandi

R186-002 Kara Ayne
R186-002 Kara Ayne : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kara Aineh , Qareh Eyni , Seyah Cheshmeh , Siah Chashmeh , Siah Cheshmeh , Siyah Cheshmeh , سياه چِشمِه , سيه چشمه , قره اينی ,
VARIANT names: Kara Aineh , Kara Ayne ,
SOURCE for Kara Aineh
SOURCE for Kara Ayne
« About 2 P.M. we reached the village of Kára Ayné, which was to be our halting-place for the night. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 49

R186-003 Zorawa
R186-003 Zorawa : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Zoor Abad , Zuhrabad , Zurabad ,
VARIANT names: Zorawa , Zuhrabad ,
SOURCE for Zorawa
« Early in the afternoon, after fording a river (the eminently picturesque bridge being broken down), and passing a pretty hamlet situated by the side of a stream, we arrived at the village of Zoráwa, where we halted for the night. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 50
SOURCE for Zuhrabad

R186-004 Pire : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Faruraq , Firoozfanagh , Firuq , Firuraq , Foruraq , Pereh , Phairas Pira , Pir Foruzan , فیرورق ,
VARIANT names: Pereh , Pire ,
SOURCE for Pereh
SOURCE for Pire
« In this plain lay the beautiful little city of Khúy, and, somewhat nearer to us, the suburb of Píré-both surrounded by a mass of gardens. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 50

R186-005 Khuy caravansaray
R186-005 Khuy caravansaray : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: Khan Caravanserai, Khoy , Khuy caravansaray ,
SOURCE for Khan Caravanserai, Khoy
,
SOURCE for Khuy caravansaray
« Thence onwards to the very walls of Khúy (appropriately styled " Darus- safá," " the Abode of Delight ") our way lay through pleasant gardens of poplars, willows, and fruit-trees, and fields planted with cotton. At 3.30 P.M. we entered the town, and put up at a clean and well - constructed caravansaray. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 50

R186-006 Seyyid Taju'd-Din
R186-006 Seyyid Taju'd-Din : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Saiyid Haji , Seid-Khadzhi , Seyyed Haji , Seyyed Hajim , Seyyed Hajin , Seyyed Hajjin , Seyyed Taj od Din , سید تاج الدین ,
VARIANT names: Seyyed Taj od Din , Seyyid Taju'd-Din ,
SOURCE for Seyyed Taj od Din
SOURCE for Seyyid Taju'd-Din
« After a short stage of four hours we reached a little village called Seyyid Táju 'd- Dín, where we halted for the night. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 56

R186-007 Tasuch
R186-007 Tasuch : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Tasooj , Tasuj , Tasuj , Tasvich , تسج , تسوج , تسويچ , طسوج ,
VARIANT names: Tasooj , Tasuch ,
SOURCE for Tasooj
SOURCE for Tasuch
« Before 2 P.M. we reached our halting-place, Tásuch, a large but uninteresting village distant about a mile from the shore of the lake . » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 56

R186-008 Dize-Khalil
R186-008 Dize-Khalil : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Dizaj Khalil , Dizaj-e Khalil , Diza-Khalil , Dizeh , Dizeh Khalil , ديزج خليل , ديزج خليل , ديزج خليل , دیزج خلیل ,
VARIANT names: Diza-Khalil , Dize-Khalíl ,
SOURCE for Diza-Khalil
SOURCE for Dize-Khalíl
« The following day's march took us to Dízé- Khalíl, a goodsized village with a fair bazaar, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 57

R186-008a Miyan
R186-008a Miyan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ashaghi Mayan , Buyuk Mayan , Eshagi Mayan , Maiane Sofla , Mayan , Mayan Pa`in , Mayan-e Pa'in , Mayan-e Sofla , اشاگی مايان , مايان , مایان پايين , مایان سفلی ,
VARIANT names: Mayan , Miyan ,
SOURCE for Mayan
SOURCE for Miyan
« broken by a short halt about 2 P.M. at a disconsolate village called Miyán, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 57

R186-009 Tabriz
R186-009 Tabriz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Tabriz , Tauris , Tebriz , تبريز ,
VARIANT names: Tabriz , Tauris , Tauriz ,
SOURCE for Tabriz
« TABRIZ, the traditional capital of the Persian province of Adharbāydjān [q.v.] and now the administrative centre of the ustan of eastern Adharbaydjān (lat. 38° 05' N., long. 46° 18' E., altitude ca. 1,340 m/4,400 feet). » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 10 p. 41
« Next day, Tuesday, 1st November, after a tedious march of nearly ten hours, broken by a short halt about 2 P.M. at a disconsolate village called Miyán, we reached Tabríz, the capital of the province of Azarbaijan, the residence of the Vali- ahd, or Crown Prince, and one of the largest, if not the largest, of the cities of Persia. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Tauris
« Tabrix ou Tauris, cidade da Pérsia. II —834. » #1837 Correa, Gaspar, Lendas da India, etc. [Edited by R. J. de Lima Felner. With plates.], Typographia da Academia Real das Sciencias, 1858-64, ~ vol. 4 pt. 2 p. 90
« Le quatriére jour nous par-tîmes à minuit, afin d'être de bonne heure à Tauris, où l'on arriva à cinq heures du matin. Les PP. Georges et Pierre Ca-pucins nous y receurent fort a-greablement dans leur hofpice. [On the fourth day we left at midnight, in order to be early in Tauris, where we arrived at five o'clock in the morning. Fathers George and Peter Capucins received us very pleasantly in their hospice.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 40
« Il faut retourner à l'étang qu'on trouve au pied d'une mon-tagne à fix lieuës de Tauris, où ceux qui veulent ſuivre la route ordinaire d'Iſpahan par Zangan et Sultanie, laiſſent à gauche le chemin d'Ardeüil et de Caſbin. [We must return to the pond which is found at the foot of a mountain at a distance of 10 leagues from Tauris, where those who wish to follow the ordinary route from Isfahan via Zangan and Sultanie leave on the left the road to Ardeüil and Casbin.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 63
SOURCE for Tauriz
« On Thursday September 14th the governor informed the ambassador that the king of Persia desired the Portuguese to journey to the city of Tauriz (Tabriz), to await the ambassador that the king desired to send to the governor of India. » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 51

R186-010a Tikme-Tash
R186-010a Tikme-Tash : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Takmeh Dash , Tekma Dash , Tekmah Dash , Tekmeh Dash , Tikmeh Dash , Tima Dasht , Toklemah Dash , تكلمه دش , تكم دش , تکمه داش , تیکمه داش ,
VARIANT names: Tekma Dash , Tikhmadash , Tikme-Tash ,
SOURCE for Tekma Dash
SOURCE for Tikhmadash
« June 12. The next day's march was to Tikhmadash , twenty-four miles , road N. W. and hilly as usual. We passed two caravanserais in ruins, and saw several villages . » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 159
SOURCE for Tikme-Tash
« In the course of the morning we passed a fine - looking though somewhat ruined building, situated on the left side of the road opposite to the village of Tikmé - Tásh, which our companion informed us was a palace built for the Shah nearly forty years ago, on the occasion of his visiting this part of his dominions. Since then it has remained unused, and has been allowed to fall into disrepair. Another neglected palace of this sort exists farther east, at Sultániyyé. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 66

R186-010 Haji-Aka
R186-010 Haji-Aka : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Haji Aqa , Haji Aqu , Hajj Aqa , Hajji Aqa , حاج آقا , حاجی آقا ,
VARIANT names: Haji-Aka , Hajj Aqa ,
SOURCE for Haji-Aka
« late start, it was more than an hour after sundown when we reached Hájí-Áká, where we halted for the night. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 65
SOURCE for Hajj Aqa

R186-011 Kara Chiman
R186-011 Kara Chiman : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Qareh Chaman , Seyah Chaman , Siah Chaman , Siyah Chaman , سیاه چمن ,
VARIANT names: Catrachiman , Kara Chiman , Qareh Chaman ,
SOURCE for Catrachiman
« Le dix huitiéme nous eûmes fort méchant chemin, et nous logeâmes dans un village nommé Catrachiman. [On the eighteenth we had a very bad road, and we lodged in a village called Catrachiman.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 49
SOURCE for Kara Chiman
« These, however, we passed without halting, and pushed on to Kára Chiman, a picturesquely situated village, lying somewhat to the south of the main road in a little valley through which runs a river bordered with groves of poplar trees. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Qareh Chaman

R186-012 Suma : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sowma`eh , Sowma`eh-ye Pa'in , Sowma`eh-ye Sofla , Sowme`eh-ye Pa'in , صومعه پائین ,
VARIANT names: Sowma`eh , Suma ,
SOURCE for Sowma`eh
SOURCE for Suma
« Beyond these there was little worthy of note in the parched- up undulating country through which our road lay, until, about 3 P.M., we reached our halting-place, Súmá, where we obtained good quarters at the house of one Mashhadí Hasan. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 66

R186-013 Miyane
R186-013 Miyane : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Meyaneh , Miane , Mianeh , Miyaneh , میانه ,
VARIANT names: Mæana , Miana , Miane , Mianeh , Miyane ,
SOURCE for Mæana
« Mæana stands on the site of the Atropatena of ancient history, the capital of Atropatia, the modern Azerbijan. Both town and district derived their names from Atropates. It is situate on a low swampy plain. Though half in ruins, it is still large and populous. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 157
SOURCE for Miana
« d'où aprés avoir marché toute la nuit, nous arrivâmes à Mia-na le vingt-un fur les dix heures du matin, et nous y logeâmes dans un fort beau Caravanſerail. [From where, after walking all night, we arrived at Mia-na on the twenty-first at ten o'clock in the morning, and we lodged there in a very beautiful Caravanserai.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 50
« Le jour ſuivant on paſſe un pays boſſu et defert, et aprés avoir marché huit heures on arrive à Miana petite ville ſituée dans un lieu marécageux, et où on paye un droit pour la garde des chemins. C'eſt où mourut Monfieur Thevenot en re-venant d'Iſpahan. Il avoit ramaſſé pluſieurs livres Perfiens et Arabes, et le Cadi de Miana retint les meilleurs. Il y a dans cette ville un des plus beaux Carvanſeras de la Perſe. [The following day we crossed a hilly and desolate country, and after walking for eight hours we arrived at Miana, a small town situated in a marshy area, where a toll was charged for road maintenance. It was there that Monsieur Thevenot died on his return from Isfahan. He had collected several Persian and Arabic books, and the Qadi of Miana kept the best ones. In this town, there is one of the finest caravansersas in Persia.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 63
SOURCE for Miane
SOURCE for Mianeh
SOURCE for Miyane
« Traversing the crest of a hill soon after mid-day, we came in full view of the little town of Miyáné, which looked very pretty with its blue domes and background of poplars and willows. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 69

R186-014 Sarcham
R186-014 Sarcham : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sar Cham , Sarcham Pa'in , Sarcham-e Pa'in , Sarcham-e Sofla , سر چم , سرچم پئين , سرچم پائين , سرچم سفلى ,
VARIANT names: Sar Cham , Sarcham ,
SOURCE for Sar Cham
SOURCE for Sarcham
« About 4 P.M. we reached the compact and almost treeless village of Sarcham, where we halted for the night. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 71

R186-015 Níkh-beg
R186-015 Níkh-beg : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: Digbe caravanserai , Karavanserail Nikpey , Níkh-beg , Nikpey Caravanserai ,
SOURCE for Digbe caravanserai
« De Sartcham on vient à une riviere qu'on coſtoye fort long-temps, aprés quoy on trouve un Carvanſera nommé Digbé allez prés d'un grand village: L'édifice en est beau, et les fondemens font de pierre de taille rouge et blanche fort dure et ondée. [From Sartcham we come to a river which we follow for a very long time, after which we find a Carvanſera named Digbé near a large village: The building is beautiful, and the foundations are made of very hard and wavy red and white dressed stone.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 65
SOURCE for Karavanserail Nikpey
« Karavanserail Nikpey (Taf. 9,1) (Abb. 4 und 104) (78)Lage: 38km nordwestlich von Zandjan, an der StraßeTabriz - Zandjan - Qazvin, in + 1480 m ü. N.N.78 M. Siroux 75f. Das Karavanserail wurde am 4. 10. 1979 vermessen [Nikpey Caravanserail (Plate 9.1) (Figs. 4 and 104) (78)Location: 38 km northwest of Zanjan, on the roadTabriz - Zanjan - Qazvin, at 1480 m above sea level78 M. Siroux 75f. The caravanserail was surveyed on October 4, 1979.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 64-5
SOURCE for Níkh-beg
« About 3 P.M. we reached the village of Níkh-beg, where we halted. It is a squalid-looking place, devoid of trees, and only remarkable for a very fine old caravansaray of the Safaví period, which bears an inscription over the gateway to the effect that it was repaired by order of Shah Safí, who alighted here on his return from the successful siege of the fortress of Erivan. While copying this inscription, we were surprised and pleased to perceive the approach of Mr. Whipple, the American missionary, who was posting from Tabríz to Hamadan to visit his fellow- workers there. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 72
SOURCE for Nikpey Caravanserai

R186-016 Zanjan caravansaray
R186-016 Zanjan caravansaray : place IRN (caravanserai)
Supplement: not confirmed
VARIANT names: Zanjan caravansaray , Zanjan caravanserai (?) ,
SOURCE for Zanjan caravansaray
« Our next stage brought us to the considerable town of Zanján, ... We alighted at a caravansaray near the bazaar, which we visited shortly after our arrival. It is not very extensive, being limited to one long street running east and west more than half through the town (which is much longer in this direction than from north to south). » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 73
SOURCE for Zanjan caravanserai (?)

R186-017 Sultaniyye
R186-017 Sultaniyye : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sa`idiyeh , Soltaneyyeh , Soltaniyeh , Sultaniye , Sultaniyeh , سلطانيه ,
VARIANT names: Soltaneyyeh , Sultanie , Sultanieh , Sultaniyye , Sulthanie ,
SOURCE for Soltaneyyeh
« From Sultaniyyah to Ray and Varamin » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 168
SOURCE for Sultanie
« Le Caravanſerail où nous logeâmes le vingt-ſeptiéme s'appelle Queurqueboula et n'eſtqu'à demye lieue de Sultanie. Cette ville paroît fort belle de loing, ce qui me donna envie de l'aller voir. Quand je fus dedans je ne trouvay rien de plus laid. Quelques Moſquées et quelques maifons particulieres en font toute la beauté: le reſte paroît des nits à rats. Les dehors et les jardins ſeulement en font beaux. Par les ruïnes qu'on y voit, il eſt aifé de juger que cette ville étoit autrefois plus grande qu'elle `n'eſt aujourd'huy. [The caravanserai where we stayed on the twenty-seventh is called Queurqueboula and is only half a league from Sultanie. This city appears very beautiful from afar, which made me want to go and see it. When I was inside, I found nothing uglier. A few mosques and some private houses constitute its entire beauty; the rest looks like rat holes. Only the exteriors and gardens make it beautiful. From the ruins one sees there, it is easy to judge that this city was once larger than it is today.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 57
« On the 2 of Decemb. we set forward and came in good time to Sultanie, » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 301
SOURCE for Sultanieh
« June 5.-We left our quarters before dusk, marched sixteen miles, and halted for a few hours at the village of Saingula ; we then proceeded to Sultanieh, eighteen miles distant. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 147
« June 6.-In the middle of the plain is Sultanieh , a city founded six hundred years ago by Sultan Khodabundah, but now completely in ruins. Amidst the heaps of fallen houses, the only building worthy of notice is the tomb of the founder. It » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 148
« Sultanieh » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 412
SOURCE for Sultaniyye
« Zanján on 15th November for Sultániyyé. The road from Zanján to Sultániyyé runs through a perfectly flat stony plain bounded by low hills to the north and the south, and is devoid of interest. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Sulthanie
« Iune 21. having stay'd till the great Heat were over, we left Senkan after Sun-set, taking our way, by Moon-light, through a Plain of six Leagues, at the end whereof we came, with the Sun-rising, to Sulthanie. It had been so calm and cold in the Night, that we had hardly
description
PAGE 186
the use of our Limbs, so that we had much ado to alight. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ pp. 185-6

R186-019 Kirishkin
R186-019 Kirishkin : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kaneshgin , Kaneshkin , Kanishkin , Kashgin , Kereshkin , Kishkin , کشگین , کنشکین ,
VARIANT names: Kirishkin , Kishkin ,
SOURCE for Kirishkin
« indicated by the thin pall of blue smoke which hung over it. Towards this plain our road now began to descend, and in a few minutes we arrived at the village of Kirishkín, where the muleteers announced their intention of halting for the night » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 76
SOURCE for Kishkin

R186-018 Khurram-dere
R186-018 Khurram-dere : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Khorramdareh , Khorramdarreh , Khurramdarreh , Khurramdarrekh , خرمدره ,
VARIANT names: Choramdah , Choramdeky , Emtier , Gromdora , Khorramdarreh , Khurram-dere ,
SOURCE for Choramdah
« We departed two hours before Sun-rising, and travell'd that day six Leagues, through a very fertil Country, all arable and pasture Lands, leaving, on the left hand, the little Mountains called Tzikitz•ki, where the King of Persia's best Race-Horses and Mares for breed are kept. About noon we took up our Lodging at the Village of Choramdah, which lies on the side of a little River, having so many Trees and Gardens about it, that it is not without reason that name is given it, which signifies, a place of Pleasure. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197
SOURCE for Choramdeky
« Leaving Syllebek we came the next day at night to Choramdeky which for it's many Gardens seems to be a Paradise. It is also watered with a good River which glides thrô the Town, and by a Serpentine course thrô the Fields round about the City renders the Earth more fertile and of a very good soil, » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 303
SOURCE for Emtier
« Notre Caravane eut encore le lendemain quatre heures de la même plaine à auſſi fertile et auffi pleine de villages, et logea dans une maiſon proche une petite ville nommée Emtier fort jolie par la grande quantité de jardins et la petite riviere qui y paffe. [Our caravan spent another four hours the next day on the same plain, which was also fertile and full of villages, and stayed in a house near a small town called Emtier, which was very pretty because of the large number of gardens and the small river that flows through it.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 60
SOURCE for Gromdora
« Nous pourfuivimes notre voyage deux heures avant jour, et après une traite de cinq heures, nous ar rivames à Gromdora, bourg d'une grande étendue, rempli d'arbres et de jardins, [We continued our journey two hours before daybreak, and after a five-hour trek, we arrived at Gromdora, a large town filled with trees and gardens.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 177
SOURCE for Khorramdarreh
SOURCE for Khurram-dere
« After another uneventful stage, we reached our next halting-place of Khurram-deré-a pretty village situated on a river, surrounded by poplars and willows -about 4.30 ?.?. Here, as usual, we were very hospitably received by the villagers » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 76

R186-020 Kazvin
R186-020 Kazvin : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kazvin , Qazvin , قزوين ,
VARIANT names: Casbin , Casbine , Casbyn , Casbyne , Cashan , Casuin , Casvin , Caswin , Kasveen , Kazvin , Qazvin , Qazwyn ,
SOURCE for Casbin
« The most part of our European Chorographers who have dis|cours'd of the Cities of Persia, affirm Casbin to be the ancient Ar|sacia, and that before it was call'd Europa till the Parthians gave it that name from Arsaces, the first of their Emperors; that is it the same with that City, which the Greeks call'd Ragea, and the ho|ly Scripture Rages of Media. » #236 Chardin, J., The travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia and the East Indies : the first volume, containing the author's voyage from Paris to Ispahan : to which is added, the coronation of this present king of Persia, Solyman the Third, Printed for Moses Pitt in Duke-Street Westminster, London, 1686 ~ p. 380
« June 2. On the morning of the 2d, we came to Casbin, the seat of a Prince Governor . » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 144
« enbiando el rey orden para que á las siete ó las ocho de la ma-ñana el Enbaxador entrase en Casbin. [The king sent orders for the Ambassador to enter Casbin at seven or eight in the morning.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 5 p. 79
SOURCE for Casbine
« The 10th of August in the yeare of our Lord 1628. This night about 11 acloke att night we sett forward to come homwardes bound, leauing the King in this citie of Casbine in the cuntrey of Arach, otherwise called Media. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 64
SOURCE for Casbyn
« rom that hatefull Towne we hasted, and next night got into Casbyn. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 196
SOURCE for Casbyne
« This daye being Saturdaye we came to Casbyne [Qasvin], wher the Kyng is, a very large cytie, hauing traveled 6 leauges. This citye lieth in the cuntrey of Arach ['Iraq]. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 56
SOURCE for Cashan
« The 27. we departed at mid-night, and, having travell'd five Leagues, we were got, by Sun|rising,
description
PAGE 188
near the City of Casuin, or Cashan; » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 188
SOURCE for Casuin
SOURCE for Casvin
« nous arriuafmes deux heures auant Soleil couchant du lendemain premier iour de Decembre à CASVIN, OU KASBIN, et eſt pour le preſent la ville capitale des terres du Sophi. El-le eſt dans l'ancienne Medie, à dix iournées ou enuiron de TAVRIS, dans vne grande plaine, entre collines toutesfois ou montaignes. [We arrived two hours before sunset the next day, the first day of December, at Casvin, or Kasbin, and is at present the capital city of the lands of Sophi. It is in ancient Media, ten days or so from Tavrís, in a large plain, between hills or mountains.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 126
SOURCE for Caswin
« The 11. we came to the Citie of Caswin, where we were forc'd to continue nine dayes, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 287
« EIght days long stayd we in Caswin » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 307
SOURCE for Kasveen
« Kasveen » in {map#1387 in #3566 J. D. Rees, Notes of a journey from Kasreen to Hamadan across the Karaghan country, ~ fig. Map of a journey from Kasveen to Hamadan}
SOURCE for Kazvin
« Next day we reached Kazvín after a short stage, during which we descended into the plain of which I have already spoken. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 78
« Kazvin is a large and flourishing town of 40,000 inhabitants. Its bazārs are good and it has a post and telegraph office » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 166
SOURCE for Qazvin
during the time (1548–97) that the Safavid capital was Qazvin. #EB2002
« thence-with the city of Qazvin lying 4 leagues distant on the left hand » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 168
SOURCE for Qazwyn
« Qazwyn » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }

R186-021 Teheran
R186-021 Teheran : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLC UFI: -3087341 coordinate: lat 35.705 long 51.4216
NIMA/GNS names: Teheran , Tehran , Tehran , تهران ,
VARIANT names: Teharone , Teheran , Teheraun , Tehran , Theheran , Tihran , Tyroan ,
SOURCE for Teharone
« This daye we came to Teharone [Tehrān], a fine towne lying vpon a playn, beinge very bare, haueing many plesant litle townes round aboute it. This towne is walde round aboute, » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Teheran
Teheran in « Map Teheran to Isfahan » #1116 Curzon, George N., Persia and the Persian Question, Cass: Longmans Green and Co, 1966: 1892, ~ vol. 2 between pp. 2 and 3
« However, once turned in the right direction, they proved excellent animals, and in one and a half hours we were driving through the semi-civilized streets of Teheran. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 299
« ISFAHAN is fair, Shiraz is beautiful, but Teheran - Tahran khaili khub ast-Teheran is very beautiful,' this is the en-comium which I heard bestowed, over and over again, upon the modern capital of Iran as I journeyed northward from Yezd. During a week's stay in the metropolis I found the city sufficiently attractive to make me sympathize, in part at least, with the enthusiasm of the Persians, even if Teheran cannot boast of many of the natural beauties of such a city as Shiraz. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 418
« At length, about sunset, we entered the city by the Derwázé- i-Naw (New Gate), and ... as it was now late, to take up temporary quarters at a caravansaray situated not far from the gate whereby we had entered. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 82
« I was ready to leave Tehran at nine in the morning; » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 5
SOURCE for Teheraun
« The sun rose in fiery splendour over the mountains of Teheraun, but the city itself is in so low a situation, that we could not distinguish it till we were not more than two miles distant. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 pp. 120-1
SOURCE for Tehran
« April 18th.-Left by Shah Abdool Azeem gate, and passed through small suburb of town » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 54
« Tehrán to Kabát Gumbaz, 64 H. R., 22 ?.*August 19th, 1857.-Left the city by the Shahabdoolazheem, or southern gate. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 37
SOURCE for Theheran
« Theheran » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
SOURCE for Tihran
« Just as endurance was on the point of giving way, we turned from the road through a large gateway into the extensive grounds which surround the British Legation, a large building forming three sides of a quadrangle, with a fine stone staircase leading up to the central door. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 181
SOURCE for Tyroan
« for by this time we are hous'd in Tyroan.
TYROAN, by her continued greatnesse and Antiquity seemes to be that Rhazunda, mentioned by Strabo and Ptolomy. It is seated in the midst of a faire large Plain; which albeit it be invironed with hills of stupendious height in most parts at good distance, yet some wayes it affoords a delicate Horizon. The ayre here is fresh and sweet in the morning and towards Sunset, but in the Sunnes perpendicular glances, wee found it hot and ra|ging: the houses are of white bricks, hardned in the Sunne; above three thousand houses are numbred in Tyroan; of which, the Dukes and Buzzar are the fairest and most observable; » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 193

R186-022 Shah 'Abdu'l-Azim
R186-022 Shah 'Abdu'l-Azim : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: SHRN UFI: -3083898 coordinate: lat 35.585017 long 51.435809
NIMA/GNS names: Chah 'Abd ol-'Azim , Emamzadeh `Abd ol `Azim , Shah `Abd ol `Azim , امامزاده عبد العظيم , شاه عبد العظيم , شاه عبدالعظيم ,
VARIANT names: Schahabdoulasym , Shah `Abd ol `Azim , Shah Abdu Azim , Shah Abdul Azim , Shah 'Abdu'l-Azim ,
SOURCE for Schahabdoulasym
« J'avais beau chercher Téhéran, je ne l'apercevais nulle part. En avançant, mes yeux démêlèrent au loin l'empla-cement de Rey, l'ancienne Rhagès de la Bible, et le sol tourmenté que couvrent les ruines immenses de cette ville célèbre; je vis ensuite Schahabdoulasym, dont le dôme doré brillait au soleil au travers des massifs de verdure qui entourent cette jolie bourgade; mais Téhéran se cachait. [I searched high and low for Tehran, but I could see it nowhere. As I advanced, my eyes discerned in the distance the site of Rey, the ancient Rhages of the Bible, and the tormented ground covered by the immense ruins of this famous city; Next, I saw Schahabdoulasym, whose golden dome shone in the sunlight through the mounds of greenery surrounding this pretty little town; but Tehran remained hidden.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 263
SOURCE for Shah `Abd ol `Azim
SOURCE for Shah Abdu Azim
« En vez de ir al Sur, camino de Savah, nos dirigiamos hacia el S. S. O. Extrañándolo, interrogué al guía, y dijo que éra conveniente hacer la primera parada muy cerca del punto de partida, por si algo se ha olvidado, subsañar la falta en breve tiempo, ? que, conforme á práctica tan universal, se detienen en Shah Abdul Azim los viajeros que parten de Teherán, implorantó á la vez proteccion del santo allí enterrado. [Instead of going south towards Savah, we were heading south-southwest. Surprised, I questioned the guide, and he said that it was convenient to make the first stop very close to the starting point, in case something had been forgotten, to remedy the deficiency in a short time, and that, according to such a universal practice, travelers departing from Tehran stop at Shah Abdul Azim, and at the same time he implored the protection of the saint buried there.] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 8
SOURCE for Shah Abdul Azim
« In the evening, when I was hoping that Tihran was at hand, we reached the town of Shah Abdul Azim, built among the ruins of an ancient city, either Rhages or Rhei. The gilded dome is the shrine of Abdul Azim, and is a great place of pilgrimage of the picnic order from Tihran. The one railroad of Persia runs from the capital to this town. As we floundered in darkness along wide roads planted with trees, there was the incongruity of a railway whistle, and with deep breathing and much glare an engine with some carriages passed near the road, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 178
SOURCE for Shah 'Abdu'l-Azim
« Our progress not being hampered by the presence of the baggage, we advanced rapidly, and before 4 P.M. rode through the gate of the city of refuge, Shah ' Abdu'l - Azim. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 159

R186-023 Kinar-i-gird caravansaray
R186-023 Kinar-i-gird caravansaray : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 35.376062 long 51.25354
Supplement: Kenargerd Caravanserai کاروانسرای کنارگرد
VARIANT names: Husseinabad caravanserai , Karavanserail Kenargerd , Karavanserail Kenargird , Kenargerd Caravanserai , Kinaragird , Kinar-i-gird caravansaray ,
SOURCE for Husseinabad caravanserai
« We did not reach Husseinabad till long after dark. It was so unspeakably dark that my horse and I fell off the road into deep water, and we passed the caravanserai without knowing that we were near it. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 212
SOURCE for Karavanserail Kenargerd
« see source Karavanserail Kenargird »
SOURCE for Karavanserail Kenargird
« Typ: Hofkaravanserail in Doppelhofanlage, wobei der hintere, westliche Hof in 2. Bauphase angebaut ist. Im 1. Hof vier Iwane, an der Nordwestecke ein isolierter Wohnteil. Umlaufende Stallung. Der 2. Hof ohne Iwanbildung mit bei-derseitigen Stallungen. Außen an der Nordostecke - ein Kuppelbau angebaut, daneben eine große Zisterne (Aban-bar). Vor dem Karavanserail ein von der Asphaltstraße weit-gehend zerstörter, umbauter Vorhof.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 119 (Gesamtlänge) x 63,50 m. Hofmaße: 1. Hof 45 x 36,50 m, 2. Hof 37,50 × 36,50 m (Abb.223). Portalhöhe 6,90 m (Abb. 224). [Type: Courtyard caravanserai in a double courtyard layout, with the rear, western courtyard added in a second construction phase. The first courtyard contains four iwans, with an isolated residential section at the northwest corner. A stable surrounds the courtyard. The second courtyard lacks iwans and has stables on both sides. A domed structure is attached to the exterior of the northeast corner, next to which is a large cistern (aban-bar). In front of the caravanserai is an enclosed forecourt, largely destroyed by the asphalt road.
Dimensions: External dimensions 119 (total length) x 63.50 m. Courtyard dimensions: 1st courtyard 45 x 36.50 m, 2nd courtyard 37.50 x 36.50 m (Fig. 223). Portal height 6.90 m (Fig. 224).] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 130
SOURCE for Kenargerd Caravanserai
SOURCE for Kinaragird
« the highest point is reached: descent 11 mile through hills. The road then, across open plain, gradually descending to Kinaragird, on right bank of Kerritch river, which the road crosses by ford just before arriving at post-house. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Kinar-i-gird caravansaray
« One division goes straight on and crosses the hills above mentioned to the caravansaray of Kinár- igird ; the other bends sharply to the west for about threequarters of a mile, thus turning the edge of the hills, and then resumes its southward course. Of these two roads, the first is the good old direct caravan - route, described by Vámbéry, which leads to Kum by way of Kinár- i-gird, Hawz- i- Sultán, and Pul- i -Dallák ; the second is the new " improved " road made some years ago by order of the Amínu 's- Sultán, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 162

R186-024 Ali-abad mihman-khane
R186-024 Ali-abad mihman-khane : place IRN (caravanserai)
Supplement: karvansaraye delak کاروانسرای دلاک
VARIANT names: Ali-Abad caravanserai , Ali-abad mihman-khane , Dallak Caravanserai , Karavanserail Pol-e Dellak , Pool-e-dulak ,
SOURCE for Ali-Abad caravanserai
« During the survey of the caravanserais built near the lake—Ali-Abad, Sangui, Kaleh Kermes, and Haouz-e-Sultan—it became apparent to us that the latter two were aligned, thus defining a causeway that should normally have crossed the lake. Dr. Schmidt (director of the American Archaeological Mission at Persepolis) kindly made an observation during one of his aerial tours, which fully confirmed our remark. » #3251 Siroux, Maxime, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières, Imprimerie De L'institut Français D'archeologie Orientale, 1949 ~ p. 139
SOURCE for Ali-abad mihman-khane
« The mihmán-kháné of ‘ Alí- ábad, which we reached an hour or so before sunset, presents no features worthy of remark except this, that in the room allotted to me I found three books, which proved on examination to be a copy of the Kur'an, a book of Arabic prayers, and a visitors' book ! » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ pp. 166-7
SOURCE for Dallak Caravanserai
SOURCE for Karavanserail Pol-e Dellak
« Karavanserail Pol-e Dellak (Taf. 19,4 and 20,1) (Abb. 3. und 106), nordöstlich von Qom (53)Lage: Die Ruinen des Karavanserails und des Capar-khanch liegen am Nordufer des Qom-Rud, den eine Brücke (Raine) kreuzt.Pol-e Dellak liegt in + 920 m.N.N., am safavidischen Weg von Teheran nach Qom, etwa 21 km nordöstlich von bQom und ebenfalls am Verbindungsweg von Qom über Kadj und Daihr nach Varamin (Abb. 3).Typ: Das Karavanserail ist als Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier vom Hof aus zugänglichen und einer quer vor-gelagerten Stallabteilung zu bezeichnen. Das Caparkhaneh ist ebenfalls eine Hofanlage.Abmessungen: 1.) Karavanserail: 54 x 44,50 m Außen-maße, 23 x 21 m Hofabmessungen und 7,70 m Portalhöhe (Abb. 107). nschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Das Karavanserail ist in safavidischer Zeit entstanden, das Caparkhaneh qadjarisch zu datieren.fn 53 Die Bauten in Pol-e Dellak wurden am 22. 5. 1979 und am 29. 9. 1983 vermessen, siehe AMI 14, 1981, 143 ff. [Caravanserail Pol-e Dellak (Plates 19.4 and 20.1) (Figs. 3 and 106), northeast of Qom (53)Location: The ruins of the caravanserail and the Capar-khanch are located on the north bank of the Qom Rud River, which is crossed by a bridge (Raine).Pol-e Dellak is situated at an elevation of 920 meters above sea level, on the Safavid road from Tehran to Qom, approximately 21 km northeast of Qom, and also on the connecting road from Qom via Kaj and Daihr to Varamin (Fig. 3).Type: The caravanserail can be described as a courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four sections accessible from the courtyard, and a transverse stable section in front. The Capar-khanch is also a courtyard complex.Dimensions: 1.) Caravanserail: 54 x 44.50 m external dimensions, 23 x 21 m courtyard dimensions, and 7.70 m portal height (Fig. 107). Structural features and condition: Both structures are heavily damaged.Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: The caravanserail dates to the Safavid period, the Caparkhaneh to the Qajar period.fn 53 The buildings in Pol-e Dellak were surveyed on 22 May 1979 and on 29 September 1983, see AMI 14, 1981, 143 ff.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 65
SOURCE for Pool-e-dulak
« Hous-Sultan to Pool-e-dulak, 44 ?. ?., 18 ?.By good road leading s. across desert track of country, on which not a vestige of vegetation is visible. 12 miles, a caravanserai, in good repair, with covered well of water. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55

R186-057 Puze : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: SPUR UFI: 12169526 coordinate: lat 30.168151 long 53.159527
NIMA/GNS names: Puzeh-ye Kuh-e Kuchkak , پوزه کوه کوچکک ,
VARIANT names: Puze , Puzeh-ye Kuh-e Kuchkak ,
SOURCE for Puze
« Next morning I was off before 7 A.M. My first stage was to Púzé (" the Snout "), hard by Persepolis and Istakhr, of Achæmenian and Sásánian splendour. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 341
SOURCE for Puzeh-ye Kuh-e Kuchkak

R186-059 Dihbid caravansaray
R186-059 Dihbid caravansaray : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: RHSE UFI: 12284278 coordinate: lat 30.612493 long 53.196343
NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی ,
Supplement: Deh Bid Caravanserai کاروانسرای ده بید
VARIANT names: Deh Bid Caravanserai , Dihbid caravansaray , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Deh Bid) , rechteckige Karavanserail Dehbid ,
SOURCE for Deh Bid Caravanserai
SOURCE for Dihbid caravansaray
« It was nearly 1.30 P.M. when we reached Dihbíd, a small village consisting of about fifteen or twenty cabins, a very dilapidated caravansaray, a post - house, and the telegraphoffice. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 236
SOURCE for Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Deh Bid)
SOURCE for rechteckige Karavanserail Dehbid
« Karawanenhaltepunkt Dehbid (Abb. 5; 105) (76)Lage: 29 km südlich von Khaneh Khorreh und 13 km nördlich der Station Qal'eh Murceh, in + 2210 m ü. N. N., an der Hauptstraße von Esfahan nach Shiraz und an dem Weg von Shiraz über Abarku nach Yazd. Dehbid liegt 35 km nördlich von Didgan (Didegan) (Abb. 5). Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Ein oktogonales Karavanserail, ein rechtecki-ges Hofkaravanserail und ein kleineres Stationsgebäude. Außerdem liegt ein vorgeschichtlicher Tepe im Bereich der Ortschaft. Das oktogonale Karavanserail:Das rechteckige Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei-lungen und vier runden Ecktürmen (Abb. 106). Der Grund-riß des Gebäudes (77) ist partiell stark verändert worden. In Abb. 106 wird der wahrscheinlich ursprüngliche Zustand angegeben.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 77 x 70 m, Hofabmessun-gen 44 × 44 m, Höhe des Portalbaus etwa 7,50 m.fn 76 Ebenda, 73. - Der Tepe von Dehbid wurde am 9. 12. 1988 begangen.fn 77 M. Siroux, ebenda, 83, Fig. 41. [Dehbid Caravan Stop (Fig. 5; 105) (76)Location: 29 km south of Khaneh Khorreh and 13 km north of Qal'eh Murceh station, at an elevation of 2210 m above sea level, on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz and on the road from Shiraz via Abarku to Yazd. Dehbid is located 35 km north of Didgan (Fig. 5). The following structures can be distinguished at the site: an octagonal caravanserai, a rectangular courtyard caravanserai, and a smaller station building. A prehistoric tepe is also located within the settlement area.The octagonal caravanserai:The rectangular caravanserai:Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, two stable sections, and four round corner towers (Fig. 106). The ground plan of the building (77) has been significantly altered in some sections. Figure 106 shows the likely original state.Dimensions: External dimensions 77 x 70 m, courtyard dimensions 44 x 44 m, height of the portal structure approximately 7.50 m.fn 76 Ibid., 73. – The Tepe of Dehbid was visited on December 9, 1988.fn 77 M. Siroux, ibid., 83, Fig. 41.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 62

R186-058 Murghab
R186-058 Murghab : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Dasht-e Morghab , Mahalleh-ye Mashhad-e Morghab , Meshhed-i-Murghab , Morghab , Murghab , دشت مرغاب , محله مشهد مرغاب ,
VARIANT names: Mashad-i-Murghab , Meshad-i Murghab , Murghab ,
SOURCE for Mashad-i-Murghab
« A steep descent brought us into the fertile plain of the Polvár, where we crossed two of its tributaries, and were delighted to strike the main road and the British telegraph line at Mashad-i-Murgháb. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 80
SOURCE for Meshad-i Murghab
« Finally, at noon on the fifth day, we reached Meshad-i Murghab, the nearest halting-place to the Tomb of Cyrus and the scenes of the past glory of the Achæmenians. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 277
SOURCE for Murghab
« At 20 miles à fine stream is suddenly produced by a spring on the left of the road, which runs with great force, and waters the villages of Kadirabad and Murghab. Both these are large rich villages, the latter having a post-house built against the edge of a dry, flat plateau running out into the valley; the latter is swampy. The best g ground to encamp is above the village. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 189
« Early in the afternoon we descended into the valley of Murgháb, and, passing the hamlet of that name (a well- built and thriving-looking village, pleasantly situated by a beautiful clear streamlet) halted at Dih -i-Naw, some three miles farther on. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 238

R186-056 Zargan
R186-056 Zargan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Zargan , Zarghanak , Zarqan , زرقان ,
VARIANT names: Dih Gurg , Serghoen , Sergoen , Zargan , Zarghan , Zarghun , Zargoen , Zargoone , Zarkan , Zercon , Zerghun , Zergone , Zergoon , Zerraghoon , Zurgoon ,
SOURCE for Dih Gurg
« The first stage is of 6 leagues, from Shiraz to Dih Gurg in the Shiraz District; the second stage is 6 leagues to the head of the Bridge over the River Kür; ...
fn. 1 Neither Dih Gurg, "Wolf Village," nor the Bridge over the Kur now exists; Shahriyar's Kiosk must have been at or near modern Ujan; »
#3077 G. Le Strange, Description of the Province of Fars, in Persia, at the Beginning of the Twelfth Century A.D. from the MS. of Ibn-al-Balkhi, in the British Museum Asiatic Society Monographs XIV, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1912 ~ p. 78
« thence 5 to Dih Gurg (Wolf Village), » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
SOURCE for Serghoen
« Continuing from Chihil Minar, Stodart arrived at Zarghan, which was a poor town situated on the side of a hill one English mile from Rustam's tomb (i.e. Naqsh-i Rustam, the tomb of Darius I), which had been turned into a mosque. Here was good water. Speelman recorded that the village was divided into two parts, and built close to the slope of the moun-tain. Fryer called it a poor village inhabited by mule-teers, while Hedges considered it a large and exceed-ing pleasant one, in a plain full of vineyards. (75) 75 Stodart, p. 76 (Zargoone); Speelman, pp. 105-6 (Serghoen); Fryer, vol. II. p. 218 (Zergoon); Hedges, p. 208 (Zurgoon); KA 1793, fol. 1013b (Sergoen); Winninx, 3 November (Sergoe); de Silva y Figueroa, p. 140 (Zargan); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 301 (Sergoen); Carmelites, loc. cit. (Band-i Amir, Zarghan; karavansaray). » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Sergoen
SOURCE for Zargan
« A few miles beyond the Bendemeer bridge the village of Zargan, or Zergun, lies nestled at the foot of a mountain, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 321
« which form the eastern limit of the valley, we reached Zargán, our last stage before Shíráz, about dusk. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 256
« Por esta causa no se caminó entonces mas de tres leguas pequeñas, parando tenprano en una pequeña y pobre aldea llamada Zargan, al pie de un alto monte, á donde el Enbaxador, con parte de sus criados, se recogieron en una mezquita en que auia rrazonable hospedaje, que-dando la caravana y demas gente en el canpo. [For this reason, they did not travel more than three short leagues, stopping early in a small and poor village called Zargan, at the foot of a high mountain, where the Ambassador, with some of his servants, stayed in a mosque where there was reasonable lodging, while the caravan and other people remained in the countryside.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 368
SOURCE for Zarghan
SOURCE for Zarghun
« 3rd March, Zarghun. As my route from Shiraz would not lead in the direction of Persepolis, and as it seemed a pity to let slip an opportunity of seeing such a famous place, I determined to spend four days in an excursion thither, » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 57
« , reaches the town of Zargun. The latter is a long straggling place of 2,000 houses, mostly one-storeyed, with flat roofs, built close up to a chain of barren, rocky mountains on the castern margin of a low plain, full of gardens and cultivation. The main street is narrow and filthy, with a number of shops scattered through it, forming a bazaar said to be well supplied. There is a post-house at the N. end of the town, and two mud enclosures in the main street, serving the purpose of caravansarais. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Zargoen
« Elle y eſt aussi fort large et fort pro fonde; et les bords en font eſcarpez et fort élevez. On y trouve plufieurs fortes de canards, et on la traverſe pour ſe rendre à Persepolis, qui n'en eſt qu'à deux lieuës. Nous arrivames ſur les onze heures à Zargoen, bourg agréablement ſitué entre les montagnes et rempli de jardins, qui abondent en melons, en raifins et en toutes fortes de fruits. [It is also very wide and very deep; and its banks are steep and very high. Several flocks of ducks are found there, and it is crossed to reach Persepolis, which is only two leagues away. We arrived around eleven o'clock at Zargoen, a pleasantly situated town nestled among the mountains and filled with gardens, which abound in melons, grapes, and all kinds of fruit.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 259
SOURCE for Zargoone
« I took horse and cam this night to Zargoone [Zarghün], a poor towne vpon the side of a hill wthin an English mile to Rustames howse, wch is now turned to be a muskeet, weh we call a church, and is kept in repayration. Here we picht in the Rices howse, wch is the cheifest man of the towne, hauing traveled 5 lges. of fayre waye crossing the playne of Chelmenar. Here is good water. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 76
SOURCE for Zarkan
« Depuis le pont fusdit, nous avions encore deux lieux, jusqu'à Zarkân. Actuellement ce chemin étoit fort bon; mais après une pluïe de longue durée il est très mau-vais, puisqu'alors toute la plaine eſt ſouvent couverte d'eau. [From the aforementioned bridge, we still had two leagues to go, to Zarkân. Currently, this road is very good; but after a prolonged rain, it is very bad, since then the whole plain is often covered with water.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 135
SOURCE for Zercon
« Passato il fiume, girammo un pezzo intorno alla costa di un monte che avevamo a man sinistra: ed ål fine, entrati in certi bassi valloni, ad ora di mezzogiorno arri-vammo alla villa Zercon che da Cehilminar non è più lontana di sei leghe, [After crossing the river, we went round for a while the side of a mountain which we had on our left hand: and at last, having entered some low valleys, at midday we arrived at the village of Zercon which is not more than six leagues from Cehilminar,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 265
SOURCE for Zerghun
« Zerghun » in {map#1245 in #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ fig. Route-kaart voor de reis van het gezantschap Cunaeus van Bender Abbas (Gamron) naar Isfahan (1652)}
SOURCE for Zergone
« 17th [February) At 11 arrived at Zergone, being 5 farsangs, good way; came over a large bridge, a small river runing under it; 3 farsangs more came over a great quantity of water and mud, had three or four mules stuck in it. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Zergoon
SOURCE for Zerraghoon
« In little more than an hour, passing over a fine small plain covered with flocks and tents, we came to the large village of Zerraghoon, seated at the foot of a steep mass of rock, with thatched houses and sloping roofs. We halted at a caravansera here, for two hours, to repose, and set out again about noon after which we got into a rugged country of bare hills and uninterest-ing aspect. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Zurgoon

R186-089 Muhammadabad
R186-089 Muhammadabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mohammadabad , Muhammadabad , محمد آباد ,
VARIANT names: Mohammadabad , Muhammadabad ,
SOURCE for Mohammadabad
« At 21 miles halt at Muhammadabad.Time, about 7¾ hours. Road, good and passable to all arms. Muhammadabad, a flourishing and populous town, well supplied with water. It contains numerous fruit gardens. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ p. 25
SOURCE for Muhammadabad
« I did so, thinking, of course, that he knew the way; but this proved to be a rash assumption, for, after traversing the considerable village of Muhammadábád, he lost the road and struck off into the open desert, where the soft sand proved very arduous to my horse, which began to lag behind. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 419

R186-088 Sar-i-Yezd
R186-088 Sar-i-Yezd : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mehriz , Nazerabad , Sar Yazd , Sar-e Yazd , Sar-i-Yezd , سر يزد , ناظر آباد ,
VARIANT names: Sar-e Yazd , Sar-i-Yezd ,
SOURCE for Sar-e Yazd
SOURCE for Sar-i-Yezd
« and, after again losing the way several times, we finally reached the post - house of Sar- i- Yezd about sunrise. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 419

R186-087 Zeynu'd-Dín caravansary
R186-087 Zeynu'd-Dín caravansary : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 31.411769 long 54.706829 † basis (p) Supplement: karvansaraye zin oddin کاروانسرای زین الدین VARIANT names: Robat Zeyn-od-Din , Zainuddin Caravanserai , Zein-o-din caravanserai , Zeynoddin caravanserai , Zeynoddin Caravanserai Yazd , Zeynu'd-Dín caravansary , SOURCE for Robat Zeyn-od-Din « Das Rundkaravanserail:Typ: Außen runder Bau mit fünf dreiviertelrunden Türmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau. In der Längsachse liegen ein Vorhof, ein zwölfseitiger Zentralhof und ein rückwärtiger Hof. Der Bau hat zwei Stallgänge und eine Anzahl abgeschrägter und achteckiger Räume.Abmessungen: Äußerer Durchmesser ohne Vorsprünge 48 m, Durchmesser des zwölfseitigen Hofes 17 m, Turm-durchmesser 7 m, Weite des rückwärtigen Hofes 6,50 m und Weite des Vorhofes 6,30 m (Abb. 99). Höhe der Fassa-den, innen wie außen, 7 m (Abb. 100). [The Circular Caravanserai:Type: A circular building with five three-quarter-round towers and a projecting entrance. Along its longitudinal axis are an outer courtyard, a twelve-sided central courtyard, and a rear courtyard. The building has two stable passages and a number of sloping and octagonal rooms.Dimensions: Outer diameter without projections 48 m, diameter of the twelve-sided courtyard 17 m, tower diameter 7 m, width of the rear courtyard 6.50 m, and width of the forecourt 6.30 m (Fig. 99). Height of the facades, inside and out, 7 m (Fig. 100).] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 62 SOURCE for Zainuddin Caravanserai SOURCE for Zein-o-din caravanserai « Figure 1: distribution of Caravanserais in south Iran; 1- Madar Shah 2- Abbasi Gaz 3- Anoshirvan 4- Barsian 5- Mahyar 6- AminAbad 7- Izadkhast 8- Khankhoreh 9- Abalqasem 10- Saryazd 11- Zein-o-din 12- Bard-e Shiraz 13- Rostam 14- Bajgah 15- Shah Abasi 16- Mian Jangal 17- Borashloo 18- Jahrom 19- Safiqoli 20- Barmir » #3659 Morteza Khanipour, The Role of Caravanserais in Trade: Bard-e Shiraz and Rostam Caravanserais, Iran in International Scientific and Practical Conference Cultural Echoes On the Silk Road: Bridging Historical Legacies with Modern Tourism May 16-18, 2024, ~ p. 491 SOURCE for Zeynoddin caravanserai «1668-028 Zeynoddin Iran (Islamic Republic of) N31 24 42.69 E54 42 24.67 0.41 ha 269.93 ha» [accessed 10 Jan 2026] SOURCE for Zeynoddin Caravanserai Yazd [accessed 30 Oct 2024] SOURCE for Zeynu'd-Dín caravansary « for which we were rewarded by finding ourselves in less than half an hour at Zeynu 'd- Dín, where there is nothing but a caravansaray and a very good post - house. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 422

R186-086 Shamsh post-house
R186-086 Shamsh post-house : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: Shamsh post-house ,
SOURCE for Shamsh post-house
« A more dismal spot than Shemsh it would be hard to imagine. There is nothing but the aforesaid caravansaray and a post- house (singularly good, like all the post- houses between Yezd and Kirmán) standing side by side in the sandy, salt- strewn plain. As I rode up to the latter edifice, I saw a little stream, very clear and sparkling, carefully banked up between mud walls which conducted it into a small pond. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 423

R186-085a Anar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Anar , انار ,
VARIANT names: Anar ,
SOURCE for Anar
« 22. For this group Ist., 161, gives Unās, K.rdakan, and Bimand. Under § 29, 44., too, Anar stands in our text for Ist.'s Unās (but cf. Tās in § 5, 11.). The name Bimand (Mimand) is firmly attested in numerous Muslim writers; our کوتميذن may be a compound * Kut-Mimand or * Kūh-Mimand. Maq., 464, particularly speaks of the strong position of Mimand. » #2901 V Minorsky, Hudud Al Alam The Regions Of The World, Luzac and printed at the University Press, Oxford, for the Trustees of the 'EJW Gibb Memorial', London, 1937, ~ p. 376
Travellers and caravans now always go by the eastern road viâ Anár and Bahrámábád. Before the Sefavíehs (i.e. before A.D. 1500) the Anár road was hardly, if ever, used; travellers always took the Báfk road. The country from Yazd to Anár, 97 miles, seems to have been totally uninhabited before the Sefavíehs. Anár, as late as A.D. 1340, is mentioned as the frontier place of Kermán to the north, on the confines of the Yazd desert. When Sháh Abbás had caravanserais built at three places between Yazd and Anár (Zein ud-dín, Kermán-sháhán, and Shamsh), the eastern road began to be neglected." (Cf. Major Sykes' _Persia_, ch. xxiii.)--H. C.]
« About dawn we arrived at Anár, a flourishing village containing a good many gardens, and surrounded by fields in which men were busy reaping the corn. Here we alighted at the post - house to rest and refresh ourselves » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 424
« ANAR-LAT. 30° 53' 22". LONG. 55° 16' 30". ELEV. 4,431'.A village in Kirman, 93 miles from Yazd, and 127 miles from Kirman, on the road between these towns. A prosperous village of 400 houses with 2,000 inhabitants. Anar is the head of a small district of the same name.It lies to the east of a range of hills, of which the most prominent peak is called När Küh. A curious old mud fort, encircled by a double wall, stands on an eminence round which most of the houses are clustered, and the place is generally garrisoned by a detachment of sowars. Water is led down in qanats from the hills mentioned above.Besides a good post-house and caravanserai, the place possesses a pro-minent mosque dedicated to Muhammed Salih bin Müsa Kāzim. There is a telegraph office under the Persian Government, also a British central station, and a caravan track connects it directly with Bandar 'Abbas via Said-abad. » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 53

R186-085 Beyaz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bayaz , Beyaz , بیاض ,
VARIANT names: Bayaz , Beyaz ,
SOURCE for Bayaz
SOURCE for Beyaz
« before continuing our march to the next stage, Beyáz , which we reached without incident a little before sundown. Beyáz is a small hamlet containing a few trees, and not devoid of signs of cultivation. Three or four camels were resting and taking their food in a field opposite the post-house, where I alighted in preference to the large but dilapidated caravansaray » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 424

R186-084 Kushkuh
R186-084 Kushkuh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kashku'iyeh , Koshku'iyeh , Kushku , Qushk , کشکوئيه ,
VARIANT names: Kushku , Kushkuh ,
SOURCE for Kushku
SOURCE for Kushkuh
« but it was only after repeated disappointments that the welcome outline of the post-house of Kushkúh loomed out, like some " moated grange," through the darkness. We » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 425

R186-083 Bahramabad
R186-083 Bahramabad : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Bahramabad , Rafsanjan , Rafsinjan , رفسنجان ,
VARIANT names: Bahramabad , Rafsandjan , Unas ,
SOURCE for Bahramabad
« ["The province Kerman is still rich in turquoises. The mines of Páríz or Párez are at Chemen-i-mó-aspán, 16 miles from Páríz on the road to Bahrámábád (principal place of Rafsinján), and opposite the village or garden called Gód-i-Ahmer. These mines were worked up to a few years ago; the turquoises were of a pale blue. Other turquoises are found in the present Bardshir plain, and not far from Mashíz, on the slopes of the Chehel tan mountain, opposite a hill called the Bear Hill (tal-i-Khers). » #2066 Yule, Henry, Sir, The book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian : concerning the kingdoms and marvels of the East, J. Murray, London, 1903, ~ vol. 1 p. 92 note. 2
« We put up our tents inside the rooms, and when we had settled in, our Yezd acquaintance arrived to dinner, as the floods had delayed him on his journey to Kerman. He told us that from the roof of the Bahramabad caravanserai he had seen houses collapsing one after another around him, and the drainage channel was turned into a roaring torrent some thirty yards wide, sweeping away everything in its course. » #1630 Sykes, Ella C., Through Persia on a side-saddle, A. D. Innes and Co Ltd, 1898, ~ p. 77
« 9th April, Bahramabad, 8 farsakhs ; 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. We had eight farsakhs to march next day. The road descends the bed of the river, winding among the mountain-tops, and passes three villages at twelve, fourteen, and sixteen miles from God-i-Ahmar. At the last village we breakfasted, overlooking the Rafsinjan plain, which was simmering and shimmering in the hot air. The rest of the march was one long descent towards Bahramabad ... It was a long sixteen miles to Bahramabad. We sought quarters in the Persian telegraph-office, but it was too small, so we took the post-house (chaparkhana) instead. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 191
« We spent two days in a garden near Bahramabád, the chief town of Rafsinján (1) and, after being royally entertained, I said good-bye to His Highness, fn. 1 Khafájai are the only nomads in the district, numbering sixty families. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 77
« The night was quite chilly and the march very tedious, and even when soon after dawn we sighted Bahrámábád, a weary length of wilfully sinuous and serpentine road remained to be traversed ere we finally alighted at the post-house . » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 425
SOURCE for Rafsandjan
RAFSANDJAN, a town of Kirman province, central Persia (lat. 30° 25' N., long. 56° 00' E., altitude 1,572 m/5,156 ft.), situated on the Yazd road 120 km/74 miles to the west of Kirman city. It is the cheflieu of a shahrastan or district of the same name. Known also as Bahramabad, in 1991 it had an estimated population of 87,798 (Preliminary results of September 1991 census, Statistical Centre of Iran, Population Division).
Bahramabad is a considerable town of 4,000 houses, fairly clean, and evidently thriving. The caravan- serai was a good one, the rooms having for the first time, if I remember rightly, doors and windows;
SOURCE for Unas
« The town of Rudan, with Unas (also known as Bahramabad) and Aban, was situated in a northern extension of the Kerman oasis which, nevertheless was considered part of Istakhr kurah during this period. » #3094 Donald Whitcomb, Trade and Tradition In Medieval Southern Iran - Thesis, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 1979 ~ p. 113
« To sum up, during Sassanian times the northern desert fringe of both Fars and Kirman was being systematically colonized, and the process may well have included the founding, or at least the enlargement, of the whole string of small qanat-oases in northern Kirman: Zarand, Rafsandjan, Bafq, etc.(6)
fn. 6. Yaqut (tr.: 285) calls Zarand an "old town", a designation which usually means pre-Muslim. From the distances given in the geographical literature Le Strange (1905: 286) would identify Rafsandjan, previously Bahramabad, with the medieval town of Unas (see also Schwarz: 224). It might also be a case of successive settlements. The name "Bahramabad" appears from the end of the 14th century (Samarkandi tr.,: 113f). Also Kuh-bunan (between Bafq and Ravar) is sometimes listed as a Sassanian founding (Tomaschek, 1883: 605). 3112 pp. 179-181 ch 14
A parallel can be made with the small town of Unas. The name has also disappeared, but the actual settlement must be either identical with or succeeded by Bahramabad /Rafsandjan.(44)fn. 44 Cf. above p. 181, note 6. » #3112 Peter Christensen, The Decline of Iranshahr: Irrigation and Environment in the Middle East, 500 bc–ad 1500, Bloomsbury Publishing Limited, London, 2015 ~ p. 113

R186-082 Kabutar Khan
R186-082 Kabutar Khan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kabutar Khan , کبوتر خان ,
VARIANT names: Kabutar Khan ,
SOURCE for Kabutar Khan
« Kabutar Khan villages were to be seen, at intervals of a few miles, on either hand ; after that, mere plain, herbless, lifeless, save for little stonecoloured lizards with erect tails and large flat heads. Eighteen miles from Bahramabad is a shelterhouse with an abambar, where we breakfasted. The rest of our way was involved in a storm of wind, dust, and rain from the southwest. The tyranny of the wind is unchecked over these shelterless plains. Kabutar Khan has a good caravan sarai, newly built of stone. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 194
« We reached the post-house of Kabútar Khán (which seemed to be entirely in the charge of a very quaint old woman) about an hour after sunrise, and remained there till about » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 428

R186-081 Baghin
R186-081 Baghin : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Baghin , Bagin , Gachin , باغین ,
VARIANT names: Baghin ,
SOURCE for Baghin
« Baghin » in {map#1186 in #1511 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Kerman and Persian Baluchistan, with special reference to the journeys of Alexander the Great and Marco Polo, Journal of the Society of Arts, London, 1896-7 45:648-60 ~ fig. Marco Polo's Route as fixed by Captain Sykes}
« llth April, Baghin, 8 farsaJchs ; 8.30 a.m. to 6 p.m. Our next march was one of nine farsakhs, to Baghin. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 195
« Leaving a small garden which I had rented in the Zoroastrian quarter, the first stage was to Bághin, which was shown on the old maps of Persia, on both the Yezd and also the Shiráz road! » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 72
« Soon after dawn we reached Bághín (which is a small village surrounded by a considerable extent of cultivated ground), and, as usual, put up at the post-house. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 428
« BAGHIN-LAT. 30° 12' N. LONG. 56° 45' E. ELEV. 5,603'-(St. John.)A village in Kirman 19 miles from the town of that name, on the road to Yazd. It is an attractive-looking village, consisting of some 200 houses, nearly every one of which has trees growing round it. The population is about 2,000. The place is well supplied with sweet water from 5 kārizes, and the inhabitants cultivate a considerable area; 20,000 Indian maunds of wheat and barley are produced, 10,000 Indian maunds of millet, 20 Indian maunds of opium, besides cotton, beet-root potatoes and melons. Three hundred camels, 700 donkeys and 500 cattle. Wood scarce, shrubs being burnt. The village belongs to the State and pays a rental of 91,000 lbs. of grain. There is a good caravanserai of burnt brick and a chaparkhaneh. (Wood, October 1899-Dobbs, 1902 Gibbon, 1908.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 85

R186-080 Kerman
R186-080 Kerman : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Carmana , Kerman , Kirman , کرمان ,
VARIANT names: Bardasir , Carmana , Carmania Metropolis , Guwashir , Karman , Kerman , Kirman ,
SOURCE for Bardasir
« « the modern site of Kerman (Bardasir) in the north is at the earliest a foundation of Sassanid times. » » #250 Cook, J. M., The Persian Empire, Book Club Associates, London, 1983, ~ p. 186
SOURCE for Carmana
« 48. Beyond the frontier of this people Greater Carmania rises with lofty peaks, extending as far as the Indian Sea, supplied with products of the soil and fruit trees, but far inferior in fame and in extent to the lands of the Arabs; however, the country is no less rich in rivers, and equally blest with a fertile soil. 49. The rivers better known than the rest are the Sagareus, Saganis, and Hydriacus. There are also cities which, though few in number, are very rich in all that contributes to the maintenance and enjoyment of life. Conspicuous among them are Carmana, mother city of them all, Portospana, Alexandria, and Hermupolis. » #234 Ammianus Marcellinus, Ammianus Marcellinus … translated by John C. Rolfe, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1986 ~ bk. XXIII, 6 48-49
SOURCE for Carmania Metropolis
« and Arrian (Ind. 37) adds … Carmana. The latter is called by Ptolemy Metropolis and is without doubt the town now called Kirman, which gives its name to the whole province of Kirman. It was at the time of Ammianus (xxiii. 6) a place of wealth and luxury. » #840 Smith, William (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by various writers, John Murray, 2 vol., London, 1873 vol. 1, p.p. 520-1 » #229 Tarn, W.W., The Greeks in Bactria and India, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1951 p. 482
SOURCE for Guwashir
« In Sāsānid times and in early Islamic times up to the fourth/tenth century, the shahr-i Kirman, the provincial capital, was what became the early Islamic city of Sirajan, in the western part of the province and near the modern Sa'idābād. It may have been this first Sāsānid governor, Ardashir, son of Ardashir I, who laid out what was perhaps a military encampment, rather than a city, at Weh Ardashir in the northeastern part of the province (Hamzah al-Isfahani, Ta'rikh, 43), the place that became in later times Guwashir or Bardasir, provincial capital under the Büyids and, afterward, became the modern city of Kirman. See Nöldeke, trans. 10 n. 3; Le Strange, Lands, 300-301; J. Marquart, Erānsahr nach der Geographie des Ps. Moses Xorenac'i, 30; Markwart-Messina, Catalogue of the Provincial Capitals, 90; Barthold, Historical Geography, 137-38; EI2, s.v. Kirman (A. K. S. Lambton) » #3081 trans: C. E. Bosworth, The History of al-Tabari, State University of New York Press, New York, 1999 ~ fn. 31 p. 10
SOURCE for Karman
« 12th April, Karman, 6 farsaJchs ; 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. The Jupa Mountains, with their snowy summits 13,000 feet high, were a noble mark on our right, as we marched next day to Karman. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 196
SOURCE for Kerman
« the modern site of Kerman (Bardasir) in the north is at the earliest a foundation of Sassanid times. »#250 Cook, J. M., The Persian Empire, Book Club Associates, London, 1983, ~ p. 186
« From Kermán, one road appeared on the map as running to Shiráz and a second to Yezd, » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 72
« There are seven principal caravansarais-Ganj Ali Khan, Hindui, Gabri, Gulchan, Mirza Hussain Khan, Salah-i-Nazir, and Khurasani. The one where Stack lodged in 1882 he describes as the best he had seen in Persia. A space 60 yards square is surrounded by two-storied ranges of buildings which, though small, are clean, neat and comfortable. The flooring of the court-yard of the rooms and of the broad balcony on the upper storey consists of red tiles neatly laid. In the courtyard were two tanks of clean water. » #3256 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Gazetteer of Persia Vol. IV, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, 1892 ~ p. 212
SOURCE for Kirman
« KIRMAN, the name of a Persian province and of its present capital. The name goes back to the form Carmania, which is found in Strabo (xv, 2, 14), and which is said to be derived from the name of an ancient capital, Carmana (Ptolemy, Geography, vi, 8; Ammanianus Marcellinus, xxiii, 6, 48. See further Marquart, Eransahr, 30, on the name Carmania, and Browne, Lit. Hist. of Persia, i, 145, for the later popular etymology of the name). » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 5 p. 147

R186-101 Rahmatabad
R186-101 Rahmatabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Rahmatabad , رحمت آباد ,
VARIANT names: Rahmatabad ,
SOURCE for Rahmatabad
« 6th September. Left Kum at 9 A.M.; reached Rahmat-abad (four parasangs) at 11 A.M.; Kushk-i-Bahrám (seven parasangs) at sunset; and Pík (four parasangs) about midnight. Here I had supper and slept till daybreak. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 549

R186-102 Kushk-i-Bahram
R186-102 Kushk-i-Bahram : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kushk-e Bahram , Kushk-e Bazm , Kushk-i-Bazm , كوشك بهرام ,
VARIANT names: Kushk-e Bahram , Kushk-i-Bahram ,
SOURCE for Kushk-e Bahram
SOURCE for Kushk-i-Bahram
« 6th September. Left Kum at 9 A.M.; reached Rahmat-abad (four parasangs) at 11 A.M.; Kushk-i-Bahrám (seven parasangs) at sunset; and Pík (four parasangs) about midnight. Here I had supper and slept till daybreak. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 549

R186-103 Pik : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Peik , Peyk , Pik , پيک ,
VARIANT names: Maskuya , Pik ,
SOURCE for Maskuya
« Maškūya V D2 Pik à environ 80 km au SO de Téhéran. Iran. Avant-dernière étape sur la route Hamadān-Rayy.I 214; Η 370; Hur 22, 41; Qud 200, 226; R 168; Muq 400. Yaq IV, 543; Schw. 546, 907. [Maškūya V D2 Pik à about 80 km au SW de Tehran, Iran. Before the last stage on the Hamadān-Rayy route. I 214; Η 370; Hur 22, 41; Qud 200, 226; R 168; Muq 400. Yaq IV, 543; Schw. 546, 907.] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 42
SOURCE for Pik
« The summer heat is great and water is all more or less brackish. Pik is the nearest village, and a fair size, but is situated a mile or two away to the left of the direct road. It is the first village passed since leaving Robat Karim. Robat Karim to Saveh, 54 miles, can be done in two days by mounted men but infantry can halt at Pik, leaving a short second stage, about 7 miles to Faizabad, » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 116
« 6th September. Left Kum at 9 A.M.; reached Rahmat-abad (four parasangs) at 11 A.M.; Kushk-i-Bahrám (seven parasangs) at sunset; and Pík (four parasangs) about midnight. Here I had supper and slept till daybreak. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 549

R186-104 Ribat Karim
R186-104 Ribat Karim : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Robat Karim , Shahriar , Shahryar , رباط كريم ,
VARIANT names: Qustana , Ribat Karim , Robad Querim , Robat Karim , Rubaut Kereem ,
SOURCE for Qustana
« Qus?āna V D2 Ribāt Karim à environ 30 km au SO de Téhéran. Iran. Dernière étape avant Rayy sur Hamadan-Rayy. la route I 214; H 383; Hur 22; Qud 200; R 168; Muq 400. Yaq IV, 94-95; Schw. 805.907. [Qus?āna V D2 Ribat Karim, about 30 km SW of Tehran. Iran. Last stop before Rayy on Hamadan-Rayy. The route I 214; H 383; Hur 22; Qud 200; R 168; Muq 400. Yaq IV, 94-95; Schw. 805.907.] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 43
SOURCE for Ribat Karim
« 7th September.-Started at 6 A.M. , and, after a hot and dusty ride of six parasangs, reached Ribát Karím, a populous and rather pretty village, during the forenoon. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 549
SOURCE for Robad Querim
« Siete horas y media tardé en llegar á Robad Querim, sin nada de particular que referir, excepto el haber visto unas rocas eruptivas, á poco de salir de Abdul Azim, un camello blanco, ejemplar suma-mente raro, y á distancias, algun « sitio de fuego», idénticos á los que vi poco antes de llegar á Teherán. [It took me seven and a half hours to reach Robad Querim, with nothing of particular note to report, except having seen some eruptive rocks shortly after leaving Abdul Azim, a white camel, an extremely rare specimen, and at distances, some "fire sites", identical to those I saw shortly before arriving in Tehran.] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 27
SOURCE for Robat Karim
SOURCE for Rubaut Kereem
« Four miles from Rubaut Kereem, we passed a succession of hillocks , which were pointed out to us as being much infested with banditti of the Bukhtiari tribe. We arrived at the town at one o'clock, and, being now only twentyfour miles from Teheraun , dispatched a villager forward to give Major Willock notice of our arrival . » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 120

R186-107 Surkh Hisar caravansaray
R186-107 Surkh Hisar caravansaray : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sorkheh Hesar , سرخه حصار ,
VARIANT names: Sorkheh Hesar , Surkh Hisar caravansaray ,
SOURCE for Sorkheh Hesar
SOURCE for Surkh Hisar caravansaray
« Our first stage was, as usual, to be a short one, of two or three parasangs only, but the moon had risen ere we reached our halting-place, the solitary caravansaray of Surkh Hisár ("the Red Fortress"), where I obtained a very good clean room, opening on to a little courtyard, through which ran a stream of limpid water. Soon after quitting Teherán by the Shimrán Gate » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 558

R186-090 Yezd : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3088569 coordinate: lat 31.897222 long 54.3675 NIMA/GNS names: Yazd , Yezd , يزد , VARIANT names: Gest , Geth , Iest , Iex , Isatichae , Isatis , Issatis , Jesd , Jest , Jex , Kuththa , Yazd , Yesday , Yezd , SOURCE for Gest « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Geth « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Iest « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Iex « Seguendo più oltra trovassemo Iex, 292) terra de mistiero, come sarian la- vori di seda, gottoni e ciambelotti et altri simili. Penserano alcuni che quello ch'io dirò non sia vero e pur è vero, come sa quelli che l'hanno visto. Volta circa miglia.5., è murata, ha borgi grandissimi,fn. 292. Iex = Yazd. Cfr. nota 262. Qui il testo sembra corrotto. Da Isfahan, il Barbaro prosegui costantemente in direzione nord, in compagnia del Contarini, fino a Käshän e a Qum e poi a Tabriz. Ora, lasciata Qum, egli raggiungerebbe all'improvviso Yazd, che dista 740 km. verso sud-est. Tenendo conto di quanto scrive in seguito lo stesso Barbaro, sembra probabile che, dopo essersi separato dal Contarini a Tabriz, egli facesse ritorno a Qum e a Käshän, proseguendo poi per Yazd, Shiriz, Hormuz. (Lo.) [ 1,251 / 5,000 Continuing further we found Iex, 292) a land of mystery, as there would be works of silk, bricks and cinder blocks and other similar things. Some will think that what I will say is not true and yet it is true, as those who have seen it know. It is about 5 miles long, it is walled, it has very large villages, fn. 292. Iex = Yazd. Cf. note 262. Here the text seems corrupted. From Isfahan, the Barbarian continued steadily in a northerly direction, in the company of Contarini, up to Käshän and Qum and then to Tabriz. Now, leaving Qum, he would suddenly reach Yazd, which is 740 km. away to the south-east. Taking into account what Barbaro himself wrote later, it seems probable that, after separating from Contarini in Tabriz, he returned to Qum and Käshän, continuing on to Yazd, Shiriz, Hormuz. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 140 SOURCE for Isatichae owtrad web file OWTRAD Dataset tmcIRa0100 last updated 3may01 gives « Isatichae, 54.3675, 31.897223, IR, nkn, exact, 70, tmcIRa0100_036a » assumed to be same as Yaz 12/05/02 « Yezd is a city of considerable antiquity, since its name apparently occurs, under the form of ?σατίχαι (Isatichai), in Ptolemy's Greek geography, where it is named among the few towns of the desert of Carmania. (1) According to Persian tradition, moreover, it must have been known in Alexander's time, having been used by the victorious invader as a place of confinement for his prisoners of war. (2) The common view associates the name Yezd, or Yazd, with Yazdagard I (A.D. 399-420), father of Bahram Gor, probably as the rebuilder rather than the original founder. (3)fn. 1 Ptolemy, Geography, 6. 6. 2. This name is not to be confused with Istakhr (Curzon, Persia, 2. 239).fn. 2 On this latter point (drawn froin Hafiz) and for the common view re-garding Yezd (Yazd) and Yazdagard, see Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, pp. 419-420.fn. 3 For remarks on the name of Yezd and Kathah, see note i at the end of this chapter, p. 351. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 348 SOURCE for Isatis #836 Warrington, John (ed.), Everyman's Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography, J M Dent and Sons Ltd, 1952, ~ p. 13 SOURCE for Issatis « Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder, d. 79 CE), in his Natural History, mentioned a town of the Parthian period called “Issatis”, which would seem to correspond with the tribal name of the Asagarta/Istachae/Sagartians.(15) Some scholars have proposed that Yazd thus began as Issatis (rendered also Isatichae, Ysatis, Yasatis) in Median or Achaemenian times.(16) Pliny, however, asserted that Issatis was situated in a chora (also choara, choarena: ‘district’) near the southern foothills of the Alburz Mountains - this would perhaps be at or close to Simnān (Semnān), meaning with the Alburz range to the north and the Dašt-i Kavir to the south. That location would fit well with Pliny’s statement that Issatis was built on a clifftop, rather than in the long inter-desert oasis valley where Yazd arose.(17) However, because the Sagartians were nomads, their range of habitation may very well have extended from Simnān down to Yazd by the time of the Parthian kings. Their territory would then skirt the Dašt-i Kavir, lying between those two pastoral zones, and permit the single toponym ‘Issatis’ for both locations in pre-Islamic times.(18)fn. 15 Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus), Natural History, ed. and trans. Horace Rackham and others, 10 vols (London: Heinemann, 1938-63): VI, pp. 44, 113. fn. 16 Tomaschek, Wilhelm, “Zur Historischen Topographie von Persien I: Die Strassenzüge der tabula Peutingeriana”, Sitzungsberichte der Philologisch-Historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 102 (Vienna: Gerold, 1883): pp. 145-231, here p. 165; Markwart (Marquart), Josef, “Beiträge zur Geschichte und Sage von Erān”, ZDMG, XLIX (1895): pp. 628-72, here p. 669. fn. 17 As observed by Christensen, Decline: pp. 288-9 note 21. fn. 18 For additional discussion on the tribe’s possible locations and range see also Frye, Richard N., The History of Ancient Iran (Munich: Beck, 1984): here p. 90; Eilers, Wilhelm, “Asagarta”, in EIr, II (1987): p. 701 (updated version at ); and Potts, Daniel T., Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014): pp. 102-8. » #3152 ed. David Durand-Guédy, Jürgen Paul, Roy Mottahedeh, Cities of Medieval Iran, Brill, Leiden, 2020 ~ pp. 222-3 SOURCE for Jesd « Jesd or Yezd; Persia 32.5 N 54.46 E 31 Fd » #3168 Alexander Keith Johnston, Index Geographicus Being a List Alphabetically Arranged of the Principal Places on the Globe... and Their Latitudes and Longitudes, W. Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh, 1864 ~ p. 284 « From Parra we spent eighteene dayes to Jesd, a Citie of Persia, passing through a very desolate countrey. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 p. 85 SOURCE for Jest « Drauff kamen wir in die Stadt Jeſt, worinnen man die Seide in groffer Menge sehr kunstlich arbeitet. Sie ist die Hauptstadt in der Provinz Arach, [We then came to the city of Jeſt, where silk is produced in great quantities and very skillfully. It is the capital of the province of Arach.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 63 SOURCE for Jex « During the earlier years of Mohammedan rule Yezd became a place of refuge and stronghold for the Zoroastrian Gabars, probably because of its remote situation in the desert, although it was never out of touch with the rest of Persia. The first European known to have visited it was Marco Polo in 1272, who calls it 'the good and noble city of Yasdi.' (1) The Italian friar Odoric of Pordenone, who came here about fifty years later than Marco, speaks pf the town as 'Geth,' 'Gest,' or 'Iest,'(2) and Josafa Barbaro, the Venetian (1474), writes the name as 'Ies' or 'Jex.' (3) fn. 1 Marco Polo, ed. Yule, 1. 88.fn. 2 Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 451.fn. 3 Josafa Barbaro, 49, 59, 73, 82. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 349 SOURCE for Kuththa « Information from the Tabula Peutingeriana, which survives as a thirteenth century CE copy of a fourth or fifth century CE illustrated itinerarium,19 and is ascribed to a Roman archetype of the first century BCE, is also valuable for locating ancient Yazd. The Tabula notes a Parthian way station called Cetrora (perhaps derived from chora), along a road heading eastward from Hamadan. The place name Cetrora has been compared with an Islamic era toponym Ka?a/Kata/Kasa, meaning ‘hollow’ and hence ‘valley’ from Old Iranian and Avestan kata-, ‘enclosure’, for Yazd.(20) f. n. 20 Tomaschek, “Topographie”: p. 16. Tomaschek’s etymological suggestion, rather than his incorrect geographical locator, was followed by Williams Jackson, Abraham V., Persia Past and Present (London: Macmillan, 1906): pp. 351-2, but erroneously rejected by Christensen, Decline: p. 288, note 21. The toponym is also pronounced Kuththa, according to Barthold, Wilhelm, An Historical Geography of Iran, trans. Svat Soucek (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984): p. 167. Miller, Konrad, Itineraria romana, (Stuttgart: Strecker and Schröder, 1916): p. 797, linked Cetrora to the village of ?abis (present-day Šādāb in Kirman province) which is much too far to the east. » #3152 ed. David Durand-Guédy, Jürgen Paul, Roy Mottahedeh, Cities of Medieval Iran, Brill, Leiden, 2020 ~ p. 223 SOURCE for Yazd and from Nain to Yezd, where I also lived for a month. And from Yezd I proceeded to Sirjan » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109 SOURCE for Yesday « The 27. day we went some 7. forsongs to a Towne called Yesday. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52 SOURCE for Yezd « Yezd is a city about 2 miles in length from north-west to south-east and 1 miles broad. It is built almost entirely of mud or sun-dried bricks, a few of the better houses as well as some of the mosques and other public buildings being faced with burnt bricks.The fort or ancient city is surrounded by a high mud wall flanked by towers at about 50 yards interval. Outside this high wall runs a low one with a command of about 9 feet over the glacis, and giving a second tier of fire. Outside this lower mud wall runs a ditch with perpendicular unrevetted sides of a width and depth of about 20 feet. The weaker points of the building are defended by round towers connected with the main building by arched bridges; the ditch being widened in places so as to include the towers and yet preserve the same width throughout.The Governor lives in a fortified enclosure - the citadel, which is inside the fort. The citadel is the only part of the defences which are not in a ruinous and unserviceable condition. It is similar in construction to the rest of the fort, and like it, has mud walls about 30 to 40 feet in height. These are about 8 feet thick at the base and taper gradually upwards, till at the parapet the thickness does not exced 1 foot.It is entered by two gate-ways, one being on the north-west and the other on the south-east face. The ditch in each instance is crossed by a permanent single-arched bridge.The fort has evidently been unused as such for many years, the interior being choked up with a mass of houses, through which run nar-row winding streets, some of which are roofed over and so low that it is impossible for a horseman to ride through them. In many places all the interior works have fallen away, leaving lines of loop-holes 15 or 16 feet above the ground, where they are quite useless.The fort contains the Jama Masjid, an ancient building, whose lofty minarets are the first object to strike the eye when viewing the city from a distance. Several of the irregularly built bazars of the city wind in and out of the fort on the south-west side, and as they are roofed over, it is hard to tell whether one is inside or outside. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ pp. 25-26 « This encircling tract of sand, which is nearly thirty miles broad and many more miles long, is bounded on the south and west, and partly on the north, by ranges of rugged hills, while a belt of sand-dunes on the east reaches almost to the walls of Yezd, but is kept back by gardens, whose green tinge affords a welcome contrast to the brown and parched aspect of all around.Yezd is a city of considerable antiquity, since its name apparently occurs, under the form of ?σατίχαι (Isatichai), in Ptolemy's Greek geography, where it is named among the few towns of the desert of Carmania. (1) According to Persian tradition, moreover, it must have been known in Alexander's time, having been used by the victorious invader as a place of confinement for his prisoners of war. (2) The common view associates the name Yezd, or Yazd, with Yazdagard I (A.D. 399-420), father of Bahram Gor, probably as the rebuilder rather than the original founder. (3)fn 1 Ptolemy, Geography, 6. 6. 2. This name is not to be confused with Istakhr (Curzon, Persia, 2. 239).fn 2 On this latter point (drawn fron Hafiz) and for the common view regarding Yezd (Yazd) and Yazdagard see Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, pp. 419-420.fn 3 For remarks on the name of Yezd and Kathah see note i at the end of chapter, p. 351 » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 348 « at twenty miles enter a sandy desert, range of mountains on the left running off across the sandy plain ; at twenty six miles the city of Yezd. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 421 « entered the sandy plain wherein lies the ancient city of Yezd , towards which we wound our way through gardens and cornfields. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 362

R186-107a Asalak
R186-107a Asalak : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Astalak , Estalak , Estalak , Estalak-e Pa'in , Estalak-e Pa'in , استلک , اسطلك , اسطلک پائین , اِصطَلَك , اصطلک پائین ,
VARIANT names: Asalak , Astalak ,
SOURCE for Asalak
« Friday, 21st September. - Left Surkh Hisár about 7.30 A.M., and, after a dull ride through a barren, stony plain, reached the solitary and rather dilapidated caravansaray of Asalak an hour before noon. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 558
SOURCE for Astalak

R186-108 Agh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ab Ask , Ask , آب اسک , اسك ,
VARIANT names: Agh , Ask ,
SOURCE for Agh
« Towards sundown we reached the pretty straggling village of Agh, which consists of three distinct groups of houses » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 558
SOURCE for Ask
« There beneath, by the stream, row upon row of mud roofs and a curious tent-like mosque show the village of Ask, » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 323

R186-109 Rene : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Rehneh , Reneh , Reyneh , Rineh , Rineh , رنه , رهنه , رينه ,
VARIANT names: Rehneh , Rene , Reneh , Ryna ,
SOURCE for Rehneh
SOURCE for Rene
« We left the beautiful Alpine village of René next morning (Sunday, 23rd September) about 7.30 ?.?. The pretty winding road by which we continued to descend was so steep that for the first hour or so of our march I preferred to walk. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ pp. 559-560
SOURCE for Reneh
« while straight ahead on a plateau lies Reneh—our destination. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 323
SOURCE for Ryna
« After many laborious steps wee got to a Village called Ryna, twelve miles short of Damoan; where wee beheld a Castle, so built upon the best advantages of Art and Nature, that it seemes impregnable: » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 187

R186-110 Kalovan
R186-110 Kalovan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chalaban , Ghalabon , Qalabon , Qalabon , Zhalaban , چلبن , ?لبن , غلبن , قلابن , قلبن ,
VARIANT names: Ghalabon , Kalovan ,
SOURCE for Ghalabon
SOURCE for Kalovan
« we again pushed on, until, about sunset, we came to a little group of hovels, half caves, half huts, called Kalovan, where we halted. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 560

R186-110a Firuz-Kulah
R186-110a Firuz-Kulah : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Firuz Kola-ye `Olya , فيروز كلای عليا ,
VARIANT names: Firuz Kola-ye `Olya , Firuz-Kulah ,
SOURCE for Firuz Kola-ye `Olya
SOURCE for Firuz-Kulah
« Our muleteer had intended to make for a village called Fírúz-Kuláh, but we, being somewhat in advance, passed the point where the road thither diverged from the road to Amul, and were already some way advanced on the latter when the muleteer overtook us. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 561

R186-111 Amul : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Amol , Amul , آمل ,
VARIANT names: Amol , Amul , Omoal ,
SOURCE for Amol
SOURCE for Amul
« About half an hour after passing this village we reached Ámul, one of the chief cities of Mazandarán, a picturesque straggling town divided into two parts by a large river, which is spanned by a long narrow bridge built of bricks. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 562
SOURCE for Omoal
« By this time we are got to Omoall a City as well known as any other in Mozendram.
OMOALL, (of old, Zarama I imagin) is thought to bee that Na|borca or Naborea, where the Oracle of dreames was so much famoused. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 182

R186-112 Barfurush
R186-112 Barfurush : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Babol , Babul , Balfrush , Barfarush , Barfrush , Barfurush , بابل ,
VARIANT names: Barferush , Barfrush , Barfrushdea , Barfurush , Obybabool ,
SOURCE for Barferush
« After twenty miles came Barferush, and just after crossing a river by a magnificent bridge of many arches, there opened out before our eyes a delightful picture. In the centre of a lake, reed-clad and peopled with wild-fowl, who seemed to know no fear, was a green island, thick with orange-trees, covered with fruit, and poplars; while between the foliage was seen what appeared to be a white-walled, red-tiled mansion, like an English country seat. Across the lake to this lovely island led a long, low bridge, whose pointed stone arches were mirrored in the still waters below. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 334
SOURCE for Barfrush
« From this towne after diner we came the same daye to Barfrush [Bärfarüsh], being 3 leauges, a fine towne. Here lyes a prophites toom cald Imonizedasmoyle. (1)
fn. 1 Imāmzāda Isma'il, son of the Imam Mūsā al-Kazim. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 54
SOURCE for Barfrushdea
« Next night we got to Barfrush de, a great Towne; well peopled, inriched with silk-wormes, wood, and excellent water; and therefore they may the better forbeare wine; for the law here forbids the use of it, under a grievous penalty. This place is from Chacoporo 12 miles, many of the men here de|light in Archery, and have long beene famous'd in that manly exercise. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 181
SOURCE for Barfurush
« and in a few minutes entered Bárfurúsh. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 562
SOURCE for Obybabool
« The name of it is Obybabool [Ab-i-Babul]. Here we bayted, haueing traveled 3 leauges » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 54

R186-111a fine bridge
R186-111a fine bridge : place IRN (bridge) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 36.52411 long 52.663998 † basis (p) Supplement: Mohammad Hasan Khan Bridge پل محمدحسن?خان VARIANT names: fine bridge , Kashkan Bridge , Mohammad Hasan Khan Bridge , SOURCE for fine bridge « About 5 P.M. we crossed the river Bábul by a fine bridge, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 562 SOURCE for Kashkan Bridge Kashkan Bridge [accessed 20 Nov 2025] SOURCE for Mohammad Hasan Khan Bridge « After twenty miles came Barferush, and just after crossing a river by a magnificent bridge of many arches, there opened out before our eyes a delightful picture. In the centre of a lake, reed-clad and peopled with wild-fowl, who seemed to know no fear, was a green island, thick with orange-trees, covered with fruit, and poplars; while between the foliage was seen what appeared to be a white-walled, red-tiled mansion, like an English country seat. Across the lake to this lovely island led a long, low bridge, whose pointed stone arches were mirrored in the still waters below. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 334

R186-112a Shrine of Sheykh Ahmad ibn Abi Talib-i-Tabarsi
R186-112a Shrine of Sheykh Ahmad ibn Abi Talib-i-Tabarsi : place IRN
VARIANT names: Shrine of Sheykh Ahmad ibn Abi Talib-i-Tabarsi , Shrine of Shaykh Tabarsi in Afra ,
SOURCE for Shrine of Sheykh Ahmad ibn Abi Talib-i-Tabarsi
« Thence, after fording a river with steep mud banks, we entered on pleasant open downs, and, traversing several small coppices, arrived about 10.30 A.M. at the lonely shrine of Sheykh Ahmad ibn Abí Tálib-i-Tabarsí (so stands the name of the buried saint on a tablet inscribed with the form of words used for his "visitation" which hangs suspended from the railings surround-ing his tomb), rendered immortal by the gallantry of the Bábíinsurgents, who for nine months (October 1848 to July 1849) held it against overwhelming numbers of regulars and volunteers. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 565
SOURCE for Shrine of Shaykh Tabarsi in Afra

R186-113 Mashhad-i-Sar
R186-113 Mashhad-i-Sar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Babolsar , Babul Sar , Mashhad-i-Sar , Mashhadsar , Meshed-i-Sar , بابلسر ,
VARIANT names: Mashhad-i-Sar , Meshhed-i-Ser , Moshowdezar ,
SOURCE for Mashhad-i-Sar
« My guide apologised for not himself conducting me to Mashhad -i-Sar, ... and at length, about 7.30 P.M., after traversing more lanes overshadowed by trees and brilliant with glow- worms, we saw the welcome light of the caravansaray which stands hard by the sea-shore at some distance beyond the village. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 566
SOURCE for Meshhed-i-Ser
« If it is wet, it takes two days to cover the fifteen miles from Meshed-i-Ser to Barferush—and I have had some experience of what it is like beyond. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 339
SOURCE for Moshowdezar
« This daye we cam to Moshowdezar [Meshed-i-sar), a very plesant place by the sea side, hauing a riuer runing vp thorow the towne. The name of it is Obybabool [Ab-i-Babul]. Here we bayted, haueing traveled 3 leauges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 54

R186st56-59 return

R186st80-90 return