R39path Dupré.kmz

R39path Dupré

R39-000 Bender-Abbassi
R39-000 Bender-Abbassi : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3055107 coordinate: lat 27.1865 long 56.2808
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar `Abbas , Bandar `Abbasi , Bandar-e `Abbas , Cambarao , Gombroon , Gumrun , Port Comorao , بندر عباس , بندر عباس , بندر عباسی , گمبرن ,
VARIANT names: Bandar , Bandar Abbas , Bandar port , Bandel , Bandel do Comorão , Bander - Abassi , Bander goomroone , Bander-Abaffie , Banderabassi , Bander-Abassi , Banderabassy , Bender Abaʃʃi , Bender gomrow , Bender-Abassy , Bender-Abbassi , Camarão , Combrú , Comerão , Gambrun , Gamron , Gamru , Gamrun , Gombroon , Gombrun , Goumeron , Hurmuz or Bandar ,
SOURCE for Bandar
« so that I re|solv'd to get to Bandar, whatever it cost me, out of the confidence I had that there, among so many Merchants of several Nations who trade thither, I should find some ease. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 6
SOURCE for Bandar Abbas
« There are grounds for believing that the town is situated on or near the site of the small fishing village of Shahrū (see Iṣṭakhri, 67) or Shahruvā (see the Ḥudūd al-ʿAlam, 124 and 375). When the neighbouring island of Djarūn (or Djarrūn) ceased to be so called and was given instead the name of Hormuz at the beginning of the 8th/14th century, the former name was transferred to Shahrū. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 1 p. 1013
« trockensten, allerheißesten, giftigsten, ungesundesten, verfluchtesten und der Hölle schatverwande Ormusschen Seehafen und Stadt Gamron oder Bandar 'Abbas. [driest, hottest, most poisonous, unhealthy, most cursed and hell-bound Ormuz seaport and city of Gamron or Bandar 'Abbas.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 125
« Leaving Chahaly, immediately dropped into the wide bed of a river with high sandstone cliffs on each side. This we followed for 20 minutes, and then ascending the cliffs to the right by a sharp, short pass, got into a lot of curious sandstone hills cut up in every direction into funny forms and peaks by the effects of running water, Followed along a road in the plateau of sandstone, which was nothing but a series of narrow troughs cut by the innumerable feet of donkeys and assisted by rain, for over an hour, and then descending quickly, came on to the sands which surround Bandar Abbas. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 22
« 1614. (The Captain-major) “under orders of Dom Luis da Gama returned to succour Comorão, but found the enemy’s fleet already there and the fort surrendered.…News which was heard by Dom Luis da Gama and most of the people of Ormuz in such way as might be expected, some of the old folks of Ormuz prognosticating at once that in losing Comorão Ormuz itself would be lost before long, seeing that the former was like a barbican or outwork on which the rage of the Persian enemy spent itself, giving time to Ormuz to prepare against their coming thither.” - Bocarro, Decada, 349. » #379 Yule, Henry and Burnell A. C., Hobson-Jobson, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, Ware, Hertfordshire, 1996 ~ p. 384
« from Lar to Bandar (28). And that is where the harbour of Hormuz (29) is, fn. 28 By "Bandar" (lit., harbour) Nikitin means Old Hormuz (see next note).fn. 29 Hormuz is an island and old seaport in the Persian Gulf. Old Hormuz stood on the coast. » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109
SOURCE for Bandar port
« Ho dominguo pela menhaam chegaram ao porto de banda que está na terra firme tres legoas d ormuz, [On Sunday morning they arrived at the port of Banda, which is on dry land three leagues from Ormuz,] » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 235
SOURCE for Bandel
« fn. 11 In referring to the general area of the Persian littoral, Silva y Figueroa employs the Portuguese term Bandel, based on Persian bandar (meaning “harbor city”); this region corresponds to the present-day Iranian province of Hormozgān, which faces the Persian Gulf near the Straits of Hormuz (see p. 244) » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017 ~ p. 246
« fn. 94 The Persian word bandar, meaning “harbor city,” refers to the Persian littoral around
Gamrū [Bandar-e ʿAbbās]; see YandB, 58, s.v. “bandel.” For the province in which the Bandel
is located, see p. 246 n. 11. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017 ~ p. 285
The next morning the sultan of the Bandel, under whose jurisdiction [fol. 476r] falls the section of mainland between Gamrū and the island of Qeshm, » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017 ~ p. 732
« The Portuguese were detained "some days" at the port of Bandel, taking horses (canalgaduras) to ride upon, and camels for their possessions (fato), and sundry other things for their journey. Our author, in a brief note, describes Bandel (Bandar Abbas) as a place of thatched houses, inhabited by poor people, living in a land well provided with dates. » #3255 Ronald Bishop Smith., The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970 ~ p. 64
SOURCE for Bandel do Comorão
« The origins of Bandel do Comorão lay in the period after the Portuguese took Hormuz in 1515 during ‘the time of the Kings of Lar who allowed them to stay there so they could better supply Ormuz.’ (5) The island’s hereditary rulers had traditionally claimed allegiance from parts of Mughestan and Birunat from which were derived significant revenues.(6)
fn. 5 CASA OCD 234/d, Fr Redento de la Cruz, Relación. chap. XXX, f.1
fn. 6 Aubin, Jean. 1973 ‘Le Royaume d’Ormuz au début du XVIe siècle’, Mare Luso-Indicum, vol 2, 107-8. Mughestan comprised the coastal territory east of the Strait of Hormuz between Minab in the north and the southern coast at Jask. Minab, Manujan and Vaskird, north-east of the Strait, represented three districts of Birunat from which Hormuz earned revenues. » #1698 Faridany, E. K., Signal Defeat: the Portuguese Loss of Comorão in 1614 and its Political and Commercial Consequences at Portugal, The Persian Gulf and Safavid Persia Conference, 8-9 September 2007 The Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, Washington, 2007 ~ p.2
SOURCE for Bander - Abassi
« On a à la gauche les montagnes, et la mer à la droite, mais à tant de distance qu'on ne la voit que quand on est tout proche de Bander - Abassi; on dé- couvre sur la route plusieurs bois de dattiers, qui sont les maisons d'été des gens de ces pays- là. A cinq cents pas de la ville, il y a un bureau de raalidars, ou gardes des grands chemins, qui sert de bornes au gouvernement de Laar, lequel s'étend jusqu'en ce lieu. Je fus mettre pied à terre au bureau de la compagnie des Indes orientales de France , dont un fort honnête homme de Dijon, nommé M. Perrot , ëtolt le chef. [We have the mountains on the left, and the sea on the right, but at such a distance that we only see it when we are very close to Bander - Abassi; On the road we discover several date palm groves, which are the summer homes of the people of these countries. Five hundred steps from the town, there is an office of raalidars, or guards of the highways, which serves as boundaries for the government of Laar, which extends to this place. I disembarked at the office of the French East India Company, of which a very honest man from Dijon, named M. Perrot, was the head.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 505-6
SOURCE for Bander goomroone
19 The 19th daye being Fridaye we came to Bander goomroone [Gombroon], being the port,wch place we did long to see; and att lengtht the almighti God out of His bountiful merciehath brought vs safe, haueing past thorow great many misseries and troubles. This night Mr.Robert Hedges, a gentn and being a spetiall freind of mine, agreed wth my self for to ride thorow to the towne being 7 lges., and lighted att the English howse, wher we were courteousely entertayned.Here we took our lodging this night.
SOURCE for Bander-Abaffie
« « Endlich den 15, Octobr.noch fruhe mors gens bey guter Zeit langten wir vor Ban- der-Abaffie an: wurden ganz gutig und ungehindert eingelassen/ und gleich im ersten Eingang von verschiedenen Euro påern freundlichst begrússet/uud in gelegene Caravanfera eingewiesen. [Finally, on October 15th, early in the morning, we arrived at Bander-Abaffie in good time. We were let in very easily and without hindrance and were greeted very kindly by several Europeans at the first entrance and shown to the nearby caravan site.] » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707~ » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707 ~ p. 272-3
SOURCE for Banderabassi
« Banderabassi » in {map#980 Plan particulier du golfe de Perse, depuis les caps de Rosalgatte et de Jasque, jusqu'à Bassora / [d'Après de Mannevillette] ; Dheulland sculp, Anonyme, Guillaume Dheulland, Graveur, 1700-1799, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE DD-2987 (6746)} see AHduGP map 74
SOURCE for Bander-Abassi
« De Bend-Ali au Bander-Abassi il n'y a plus que deux grandes lieues, et la plus grande partie du chemin est un pays de palmiers. [From Bend-Ali to Bander-Abassi there are only two long leagues, and the greater part of the way is a country of palm trees.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 326
« Le 20, me trouvant pressé par les médecins d'emmener mes gens hors du Bander-Abassi, [On the 20th, finding myself under pressure from the doctors to take my people out of Bander-Abassi,] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 78
SOURCE for Banderabassy
« I left Surat on February 21, 1671, on an English ship bound for the port of Banderabassy, from where I set out by land on March 25, to go as far as Babylon. » #3606 Voyage des Indes orientales, mêlé de plusieurs histoires curieuses, par M. Carré.., Vve de C. Barbin, Paris, 1699 ~ vol. 1 p. 143
SOURCE for Bender Abaʃʃi
« us from the Fort of Bender Abaʃʃi, it we had come there in the Night time, and therefore we parted not from Bendali till next day at half an hour after two in the Morning, and a little after five a Clock we came to the Houſe of a Rhadar near the Town of Bender, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 135
SOURCE for Bender gomrow
« The second of August about mid- night, I arrived at Bender gomrow, where the Portugals keepe a Castle with seven or eight Souldiers, within it. And this Bender gomrow, which is on the mayne land, was sometimes the Kings of Lar, and after that Abreham Cans, and so it came to the King of Ormus. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 460
SOURCE for Bender-Abassy
« 27 avril. Les chameaux sont en effet arrivés, et j'espère enfin quitter Bender-Abassy, où la chaleur est extrême, et l'air excessivement mauvais. [April 27. The camels have indeed arrived, and I hope to finally leave Bender-Abassy, where the heat is extreme, and the air extremely bad. ] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 585
SOURCE for Bender-Abbassi
« Nous arrivâmes à midi à Bender-Abbassi . Le commandant eut la bonté de venir nous recevoir à la porte de sa maison . [We arrived at Bender-Abbassi at noon.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 390
SOURCE for Camarão
« GOMBROON, n.p. The old name in European documents of the place on the Persian Gulf now known as Bandar ’Abbas, or ’Abbasi. The latter name was given to it when Shah ’Abbas, after the capture and destruction of the island city of Hormuz, established a port there. The site which he selected was the little town of Gambrún. This had been occupied by the Portuguese, who took it from the ‘King of Lar’ in 1612, but two years later it was taken by the Shah. The name is said (in the Geog. Magazine, i. 17) to be Turkish, meaning ‘a Custom House.’ The word alluded to is probably gumruk, which has that meaning, and which is again, through Low Greek, from the Latin commercium. But this etymology of the name seems hardly probable. That indicated in the extract from A. Hamilton below is from Pers. kamrun, ‘a shrimp,’ or Port. camarão, meaning the same. » #379 Yule, Henry and Burnell A. C., Hobson-Jobson, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, Ware, Hertfordshire, 1996 ~ p. 384
SOURCE for Combrú
« 1622.—“That evening, at two hours of the night, we started from below that fine tree, and after travelling about a league and a half…we arrived here in Combrú, a place of decent size and population on the sea-shore, which the Persians now-a-days, laying aside as it were the old name, call the ‘Port of Abbas,’ because it was wrested from the Portuguese, who formerly possessed it, in the time of the present King Abbas.”—P. della Valle, ii. 413; [in Hak. Soc. i. 3, he calls it Combu]. » #379 Yule, Henry and Burnell A. C., Hobson-Jobson, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, Ware, Hertfordshire, 1996 ~ p. 384
SOURCE for Comerão
« No entanto o rei da Persia tinhase já apoderado em 1614 do forte de Comerão na terra firme, a tres leguas de Ormuz e das ilhas de Baharem e de Queixome, aquella muito rica por causa da pesca das perolas, e esta porque abastecia Ormuz de agua doce e de refrescos. [However, in 1614 the king of Persia had already taken over the fort of Comerão on the mainland, three leagues from Ormuz and the islands of Baharem and Queixome, the former very rich because of pearl fishing, and the latter because it supplied Ormuz with water. candy and refreshments] » #2280 Manoel Bernardes Branco, Portugal e os estrangeiros, Livraria De A. M. Pereira, Lisboa, 1879 ~ p. 315
SOURCE for Gambrun
« Of these possibly Najiram may stand for the island of Jarm on which the later town of Hurmuz stood. Karman is the Carmon of p. 76, n. 1, and p. 77, n. 1, i.e., Gambrun, which is not far from the site of Hurmuz in Mas'udi's time. » #40 Barbosa, Duarte, The Book of Duarte Barbosa, an Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and Their Inhabitants. Translated by M. L. Dames, Hakluyt Society:Asian Educational Services, London:New Delhi, 1918-21:2002 ~ p.79 notes
SOURCE for Gamron
« bezitten wij min of meer uitgebreide aanteekeningen van de hand der vele Europeanen, die hunne lotgevallen hebben te boek gesteld). Sedert echter Gamron (Bender-Abbas) in de tweede helft der 18de eeuw zijn plaats als [We have more or less extensive notes by many Europeans who have recorded their adventures. However, since Gamron (Bender-Abbas) took its place in the second half of the 18th century] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. V
« The path from here to Gamron extends eastward, and partly along the shore. » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 319
« Den 29. dito zyn wy na Bendar Abaafi vertrokken, en tot Gamron (zynde de zelve ſtad, na Abaaz Bandar Abaafi genaamd) gekomen. [On the 29th we left Bendar Abaafi and came to Gamron (the same city called Bandar Abaafi after Abaaz).] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 267
« 23 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 385
« 6 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 359
SOURCE for Gamru
« However, in 1622, when Hormuz changed hands, most buildings were destroyed and the Safavides decided to divert all traffic to Gamru, on the mainland opposite of Hormuz. The rise of Gamru, named Bandar 'Abbàs by their new masters, caused the final decline of Hormuz. » #2023 Ralph Kauz and Roderich Ptak, Hormuz in Yuan and Ming sources, Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, ~ p. 29
« The tents were pitched next to the remains of the fortress of Gamrū, the same one that had been so infamously lost three years earlier,(3) the blame for which falls [margin: less heavily] on its defenders [margin: than upon those who failed to come to its aid]. [fol. 192v] The Ambassador was forced to tarry in this location for a few days in the blistering heat because horses had to be purchased for his servants and for the monks he had brought with him for the journey to Lār and Shirāz. fn 3 3 See p. 246, n. 11. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 289
SOURCE for Gamrun
« The great depot for the produce of India, China, and Persia, was then removed to Gombroon* and Ormuz, and has ever since remained in the hands of the Persian monarch. » fn. « * Gamrún, or Gamrú.-E » #253 Kempthorne, Lieut. G.B., Notes on a Survey along the Eastern Shores of the Persian Gulf in 1828, Royal Geographical Society, 1835
SOURCE for Gombroon
« The name Djarun was transferred to the small town and port of Suru or Shahru on the mainland 17 km to the north-west, where goods in transit to or from Hormuz were transhipped; this name became corrupted to Gamru and was further corrupted by Europeans into Gambrun, Gombrun and Gombroon. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 3 p. 585
« they returning to Gombroon, and we going on Three Pharsangs that Night to Band Ally (1) fn. 1 Band ’All, “the embankment of ’All,” about 9 miles S.W. of Bandar ’Abbas. “The first night (from Gombroon) we rode to Bandally, sixteene English miles (and most part along the Gulph)” » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 177
« Fourteene dayes are paſt ſince we entred Gombroon; the place has no fuch Magick to perfwade us to inhabit here. Our end is travell, why ftay we then? » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 124
«7th March. In the morning, about 9 in the morning, arrived at Gombroon with the Cheife, Mr. John Eaton Dodsworth, Mr. Dennis, Mr. Beavis and Batson who all came out a little way to meet me.
note: Diary of 6 March 1707/8.
Gombroon, the old name of Bandar 'Abbas. See Yule, Hobson-Jobson, s.v. Gombroon. For a description and illustration of the oity in 1705 see Le Bruyn, II, 73-75. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 44 and 49-50
SOURCE for Gombrun
SOURCE for Goumeron
« Bandar Abbaffi is made of the destruction of Ormous, Portuguese call it Goumeron, There is Sultan with a small militia, who guards two small Castles: It is at twenty-eight degrees of latitude towards the Arctic Pole that, few people inhabit it in the East, because of the great. heat: The water there is bad and half salty, there is only one beach without a port, where ships arrive from all sides to negotiate. » #3465 Le Gouz de La Boullaye, Les voyages et obseruations du Sieur de La Boullaye-Le-Gouz, gentil-homme angeuin : ou` sont de´crites les religions, gouuernemens, et situations des estats et royaumes d'Italie, Grece, Natolie, Syrie, Perse, Palestine, Karamenie, Kalde´e, Assyrie, grand Mogol, Bijapour, Indes orientales des Portugais, Arabie, Egypte, Holande, grande Bretagne, Irlande, Dannemark, Pologne, isles et autres lieux d'Europe, Asie et Affrique, ou il a` seiourne´, le tout enrichy de belles figures ; et dedie´ a` l'Eminentissime Cardinal Capponi, Chez Geruais Clousier au Palais, sur les degrez de la Saincte Chapelle, Paris, 1653 ~ p. 115
SOURCE for Hurmuz or Bandar
« (35) Kishigan [? sic] to Hurmuzor Bandar (Gämbrun)-6 farsakhs. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219

R39-001 Sourou
R39-001 Sourou : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3086502 coordinate: lat 27.162253 long 56.23662
NIMA/GNS names: Siru , Soro , Soru , Surak , Suru , سر , سرو , سورك , سورو ,
VARIANT names: Benderi du ser , Caura , Chaurú , Kahūrū , Karú , Saru , Shahru , Siru , Sourou , Suru , Tusar ,
SOURCE for Benderi du ser
« We learned in this villa that the port they call Benderi du ser, or Port of the Two Capes, where we wanted to go to embark secretly, to be the closest to Hormuz, is the least frequented by Cafile » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 289
SOURCE for Caura
« Au piéd de la chaîne de collines qui ferme la presqu’île, la plage de Kahūrū (“le petit kahūr”) (88), sur la côte ouest, n’était pas utilisée pour le débarquement des marchandises. Son éloignement relatif de la ville (89) en faisait un lieu de retraite ou de divertissement, et à l'occasion un point propice aux descentes ennemies (90).
fn. 88 Chaurú (Couto, VI/10-3, p. 416); Karú (Teixeira, II, p. 21, 36, etc.); Caura (doc. de 1622, dans Luciano Cordeiro, Dois capitães da India, Lisbonne 1898, p. 40). Cf. aussi Figueroa, I, p. 254, 255.
fn. 89 Nimdihi, sous 820, place Kahürü à un demi-farsah, soit environ 3 km. Les auteurs portugais ayant résidé à Ormuz donnent des distances un peu plus courtes (l'aggloméra- tion s'étant étendue ?): un tiers de lieue selon Bastião Lopez Lobato, lettre à D. Afonso de Noronha, d'Ormuz, 31.X.1552 (CC. I-89-9); deux mille passos selon Teixeira, II, p. 21. Cf. aussi note 92.
fn. 90 Les Ottomans de Piri Reis y débarquent en 1552, les Anglo-Persans en 1622. 91 Ga'fari (inédit); Titolo das remdas, p. 225.
[At the foot of the chain of hills that encloses the peninsula, Kahūrū beach (“little kahūr”) (88), on the west coast, was not used for landing goods. Its relative remoteness from the city (89) made it a place of retreat or entertainment, and on occasion a favorable point for enemy raids (90).
fn. 88 Chaurú (Couto, VI/10-3, p. 416); Karú (Teixeira, II, p. 21, 36, etc.); Caura (doc. of 1622, in Luciano Cordeiro, Dois capitães da India, Lisbon 1898, p. 40). See also Figueroa, I, p. 254, 255.
fn. 89 Nimdihi, under 820, places Kahürü at half a farsah, or about 3 km. Portuguese authors who resided in Ormuz give slightly shorter distances (the agglomeration having extended?): a third of a league according to Bastião Lopez Lobato, letter to D. Afonso de Noronha, from Ormuz, 31. X.1552 (CC.I-89-9); two thousand passos according to Teixeira, II, p. 21. See also footnote 92.
fn. 90 The Ottomans from Piri Reis landed there in 1552, the Anglo-Persians in 1622. 91 Ga'fari (unpublished); Titolo das remdas, p. 225.] » #898 Aubin, Jean, Le royaume d'Ormuz au début du XVIe siècle, Mare Luso-Indicum, Geneva, 1973 ~ pp. 93-4
SOURCE for Chaurú
« CHAURÚ, lugar de - Sirú, em 27° 10' lat. N. e 56° 15' long. E., no litoral norte do estreito de Clarence, a ocidente e próximo da ilha de Ormuz. [Diogo do Couto - Da Ásia]. .» #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953 ~ vol. A-C p. 228
SOURCE for Kahūrū
SOURCE for Karú
« KARU, lugar de - V. Chaurú, lugar de . » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953 ~ vol. D-N p. 167
SOURCE for Saru
« The village of Saru is open to the sea-breeze. Its houses glancing white through the screen of trees, are apparently constructed of stone and lime. The village seems to be the garden of Bunder Abbas, and to be used by the well-to-do inhabitants. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Shahru
« The name Djarun was transferred to the small town and port of Suru or Shahru on the mainland 17 km to the north-west, where goods in transit to or from Hormuz were transhipped; this name became corrupted to Gamru and was further corrupted by Europeans into Gambrun, Gombrun and Gombroon. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 3 p. 585
SOURCE for Siru
SOURCE for Sourou
« Sourou » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Suru
« The name Djarun was transferred to the small town and port of Sūrū or Shahru on the mainland 17 km to the north-west, where goods in transit to or from Hormuz were transhipped; this name became corrupted to Gamru and was further corrupted by Europeans into Gambrun, Gombrun and Gombroon. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 3 p. 585
« From Târum the caravan road went almost due south to the coast, where lay the port of Sûrû, or Shahrû, over against the island of Hurmuz. Mustawfi names the port Tûsar, but the reading is un- certain. The Arab geographers speak of Sûrû as a village of fisher- men, having no mosque, and dependent for the water-supply on wells dug in the neighbouring hills. There was, Mukaddasî adds, much trade with 'Omân across the gulf, and the place, which he speaks of as a small town, lay exactly on the Kirmân frontier. » #895 Le Strange, G., The lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia from the Moslem conquest to the time of Timur., Cambridge University Press, London, 1905 ~ p. 292
SOURCE for Tusar
« Mustawfî names the port Tûsar, but the reading is uncertain. The Arab geographers speak of Suru as a village of fishermen, having no mosque, and dependent for the water-supply on wells dug in the neighbouring hills. There was, Mu?addasî adds, much trade with 'Oman across the gulf, and the place, which he speaks of as a small town, lay exactly on the Kirmân border. » #895 p. 292

R39-002 Bistoûn
R39-002 Bistoûn : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3056949 coordinate: lat 27.0806 long 56.003
NIMA/GNS names: Bastanu , Bostanu , Bostanu , Bustanah , Bustaneh , Bustanu , بستانو , بوستانو ,
VARIANT names: Bistoun , Bostuun , Bustaneh ,
SOURCE for Bistoun
« Bistoûn » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Bostuun
« Nach Kar Bendali (Kâr Band-e 'Ali) und weiter nach Bostuun (Bostânu). Unweit davon haben wir unter freiem Himmel bei einem Hirten geschlafen, der uns ein ziemlich gutes Trinkwasser wußte zu spendieren. [To Kar Bendali (Kâr Band-e 'Ali) and further to Bostuun (Bostânu). Not far from there we slept under the open sky with a shepherd who gave us some pretty good drinking water.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 143
SOURCE for Bustaneh

R39-003 Serbehel
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 26.975288 long 55.748835
VARIANT names: Saramião , Seramião , Serbehel ,
SOURCE for Saramião
« SARAMIÃO, porto de-v. Sirmion, porto de. » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953 ~ vol. O-Z p. 144
« Saramião » north side of straights opposite « Lafetá » in map « Ormuz (1621 - 1622) » #2821 Monteiro, Armando da Silva Saturnino, Batalhas e combates da Marinha Portuguesa, 1992 ~ vol. 5 p. 278
« Saramião » north side of straights opposite « Lafetá » in map « Rio de Lafetá 1652) » #2821 Monteiro, Armando da Silva Saturnino, Batalhas e combates da Marinha Portuguesa, 1992 ~ vol. 5 p. 290
« Moreover, even after ‘Abdullah Khan began his siege of the fort on Qeshm, Rui Freire was able to send ships out to plunder Kuhestak, on the mainland south of Minab, and to attack the Persian forces occupying Saramiao, near modern Basidu at the western end of Qeshm, or Sermion as Pedro Teixeira called it. » #2885 D. T. Potts, The Portuguese on Qeshm, in: ed. Rudi Matthee and Jorge Flores, Portugal, the Persian Gulf and Safavid Persia, Peeters, Brussels, 2011, pp. 99-118 ~ p. 112
« Pelas fustas que regressaram à armada de Miguel Botelho, Rui Freire ordenou a este que fosse destruir a fortaleza de Saramião, fronteira à ponta de Lafetá, que servia de centro reabastecedor de armas, munições e mantimentos para o exército persa que estava operando em Queixome. [By the fustas that returned to Miguel Botelho's navy, Rui Freire ordered him to go and destroy the fortress of Saramião, bordering Ponta de Lafetá, which served as a resupply center for weapons, ammunition and supplies for the Persian army that was operating in Queixome.] » #2821 Monteiro, Armando da Silva Saturnino, Batalhas e combates da Marinha Portuguesa, 1992 ~ vol. 5 p. 284
« Botelho to hinder the passage of the enemy with twenty-five galliots, whose captains were Hieronymo Tavares, Sebastião Pereyra de Macedo, Antonio Palha, Lourenço Alvres Chamorro, Luis Martins, Bras Rodriguez Banha, Pero Gomes Azevedo, Manoel Cabaço, Luis Serrão, Ioão de Andrade da Gama, Manoel de Sousa, his brother Pedro Alvares de Castelbranquo, Diogo de Macedo, Gaspar Pereyra Paes, Francisco de Affonseca, Antonio Leytão o Camara and others, together with some Portuguese terranquims; his orders were to take up a position extending from the point of Lafeta(1) to opposite Saramião, the galliots being stationed a cannon-shot apart from each other with the terranquis in the middle, and he was not to let any vessel pass to either side of the coast, but burn or sink them all after putting their crews to the sword.
After the armada had departed, there remained in the harbour 6 galliots, two pataxos, the galley, and ten terranquis; and lest the shores of Persia should deem themselves secure, the Captain-Major ordered Ioão Ferrão de Castelbranquo, a married man of Ormuz, to proceed to the city of Congo(2) and wreak all possible havoc therein; for this purpose he was given the six galliots, in which 200 veteran Portuguese soldiers were embarked, and the terranquis with the men of the King of Ormuz under the command of Hali Camal, a native Moor of Persia, who had entered the service of the King of Ormuz because the Shah had ordered him to kill his father and his two brothers, (whereby he was so infuriated against the Persians that
fn. 1 Lafetá is presumably Laft, which is the point on the island of Kishm which lies closest to the Persian mainland. It is halfway up the western coast of the island. Saramião may be identical with Sidan just opposite on the mainland.
Fn. 2 Bandar Kongo or Kung some 4 miles N.E. of Lingeh. The Portuguese subsequently (c. 1625) acquired a foothold therein and the ruins of the old Portuguese Fort and Customs-House are still (1928) extant. [V. Sir A. Wilson, The Persian Gulf, London, 1928, p. 154-] » #230 Boxer, C. R., Commentaries of Ruy Freyre de Andrada, The Broadway Travellers, George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1930 ~ p. 47
« As a result of this advantage, he ordered the Companies which were stationed in the moat to be withdrawn into the fort to the great relief of the men; and, with a view to stopping the enemy receiving reinforcements and not extinguishing the fire with which he had wasted all the coast of Persia, he wrote to Botelho to proceed with all the Armada against the fortress of Saramião, wherein the Persian had his magazines of the weapons and provisions which were expended by his army.
Miguel Botelho received the letter, and putting the contents in Council, and the resolution thereof into effect, he went with 30 galliots and ten terranquis against Saramião at daybreak. The Fortress was so well garrisoned, and the Persians so confident, that they sallied out to receive our men on disembarking, never doubting that none would escape the edge of their scymetars; however, the artillery of the Armada facilitated our disembarkation, and thus our men anded on the shore, where they formed up unhindered n two squadrons, one of 400 Portuguese selected by he Captain Miguel Botelho, and the other of 300 Ormuzians and 150 Portuguese commanded by ntonio Palha, all drawn up in good order, together with a body of 300 sailors, each one with his axe, carrying also 20 scaling-ladders, so large that four men abreast could ascend each one of them. Botelho ordered Captain Antonio Palha to attack the environs of the town, and said that he with his own squadron would conquer the fortress or die.
When this order had been given, they went marching each one for his own part, and Miguel Botelho on reaching the foot of the fortress planted the scaling ladders, whilst the Persians strove to prevent our ascending with shots from falcons, swivel-guns and muskets, but our men vieing with each other in mounting the most dangerous place stormed it, putting all they found therein to the edge of the sword.
The Persians in the suburbs bravely defended themselves against Antonio Palha, but on seeing the fortress stormed they sought safety in flight, leaving our men masters of the Fort and environs, wherein they spent two days in loading the spoil which filled 20 galliots, and in cutting down many orchards within a distance of a league from the town; they burnt the houses and razed the fortress, and when the men had all embarked without anyone being missing, Miguel Botelho returned to anchor in his former station, from whence he wrote to the Captain-Major of the result of the victory, and sent him the 20 galliots laden with spoil, which the Captain-Major despatched to Ormuz, to be handed over to the Veador da Fazenda, advising him that it was time to pay the troops; and this they immediately did in Ormuz to those of the galliots, and sent them back with provisions for the others, and money to pay the men of the Fortress. » #230 Boxer, C. R., Commentaries of Ruy Freyre de Andrada, The Broadway Travellers, George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1930 ~ pp. 72-3
« After some time, the Portuguese naval force, which was at anchor in a creek near Laft, made another sortie, this time against the fortified Persian harbour of Saramião (it is difficult to identify this place), where many of the Persian supplies were handled. The Portuguese conquered the fortress and razed it to the ground.39
fn. 39 Boxer, Ruy Freyre, p. 70-71; Ruy Freire, Comentarios, p. 130-131. » #1558 Slot, B. J., The Arabs of the Gulf, 1602-1784 : an alternative approach to the early history of the Arab Gulf states and the Arab peoples of the Gulf, mainly based on sources of the Dutch East India Company, 1993 ~ pp. 112-3
« a large Safavid force began a nine-month siege began on June 20, 1621. During the siege, which initially went well for the Portuguese, Rui Freire sent one of his officers to attack Kuhestak, which he sacked and burnt. Later he sent another of his officers to attack the fort of " Saramião, [Bandel de Camorão?] wherein the Persian had his magazines of weapons and provisions which were expended by his army." The Portuguese razed the fort and burnt the houses. In December 1623, he ordered an attack on Jask, because the English East India Company had a factory there. The Portuguese sacked the place, and then burned and reduced it to ashes, including the EIC factory. Of the 2.000 inhabitants of Jask only 500 were able to escape; of the rest "neither age nor sex were spared." The Portuguese from the Qeshm fort made a sally against a Safavid fort on Laft Island and destroyed it as well as the three galliots and 300 terradas on the beach." » #1596 Floor, Willem, The Persian Gulf: A Political and Economic History of Five Port Cities 1500-1730, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2006 ~ p. 229
SOURCE for Seramião
« SERAMIÃO, porto de-v. Sirmion, porto de. » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953 ~ vol. O-Z p. 153
SOURCE for Serbehel
« Serbehel » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490

R39-004 Kiamir
R39-004 Kiamir : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Khamir , Khamir , Xamir , بندر خمير , بندر خمير , خمير ,
VARIANT names: Khamir , Kiamir ,
SOURCE for Khamir
« KHAMÍR is a fort and town on the mainland 7 miles W. N. of Laft point. It has a large fort, with a high square tower in the middle: the town, which contains about 200 men, is without the walls, and has a date grove to the eastward of it; the foot of the range of mountains behind this place is about a mile distant. The town lies half a mile from the shore, or port, where there is a small building for storing the sulphur exported from this place. The port is approached by a small creek, admitting boats of 20 to 30 tons only, which take the sulphur hence to Bander Abbás. Millstones also are exported from this place. The sulphur mines are in small hills near the foot of the mountains, 3 to 4 miles west of the place, and were very productive; they are worked very rudely, and are said to be nearly exhausted, as far as the present means of working will admit. They have been worked for a very long time, and the export is now small. » #2904 The Persian Gulf Pilot 3rd edition, The Hydrographic Office , Admiralty, London, 1890 ~ p. 222
[Khamir fort northern tower at lat 26.95181976875085, long 55.5868919]
SOURCE for Kiamir
« Kiamir » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490

R39-005 Serichiwokh
R39-005 Serichiwokh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sayeh Khowsh , سايه خوش ,
VARIANT names: Sayeh Khowsh , Serichiwokh ,
SOURCE for Sayeh Khowsh
SOURCE for Serichiwokh
« Serichiwokh » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490

R39-006 Bourke-Siffla
R39-006 Bourke-Siffla : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar Suflin , Berkeh-e-Seflin , Berkeh-ye Sofleyn , Berkeh-ye Soflin , Birkeh-ye Soflin , برکه سفلين ,
VARIANT names: Berkeh-e-Seflin , Bourke-Siffla ,
SOURCE for Berkeh-e-Seflin
SOURCE for Bourke-Siffla
« Bourke-Siffla » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490

R39-007 Amiroûn
R39-007 Amiroûn : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 11794900 coordinate: lat 26.697972 long 55.087187
NIMA/GNS names: Homeyran , Homeyran-e `Olya , حميران , حميران عليا ,
VARIANT names: Amiroun , Homeyran ,
SOURCE for Amiroun
« Amiroûn » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Homeyran

R39-008 Bend-Malin
R39-008 Bend-Malin : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Band Mo`allem , Bandar-e Band-e Mo`allem , Bandar-e Mo`allem , Band-e Mo`allem , Band-i-Mu`allim , بندر بند معلم , بندر معلم ,
VARIANT names: Bandar Muallim , Band-e Mo`allem , Bend-Malin , Bunder Mallum ,
SOURCE for Bandar Muallim
« Bandar Muallim » in {map#632 Asia. Persian Gulf, Commander C G Constable and Lieutenant Arthur William Stiffe, 1860, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/W/L/PS/10/457}
SOURCE for Band-e Mo`allem
SOURCE for Bend-Malin
« Bend-Malin » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Bunder Mallum
« Bunder Mallum » in {map#1320 'tracing showing the route and coast line from Mogoo bay to the town of Bunder Abbas. (vide report no. 6 of 1864)' [?236a] (1/2) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, ST 393, vol 17, p 236a, in Qatar Digital Library, , 1864, }

R39-009 Bender-Kengo
R39-009 Bender-Kengo : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3055125 coordinate: lat 26.597753 long 54.936944 NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Gong , Bandar-e Kong , Kong , Kung , بندر گنگ , بندر کنگ , کنگ , VARIANT names: Bandar Kong , Bandar Kongo , Bandar-e Kung , Bandar-e-Cong, , Bander-Congo , Bander-e Kong , Bender , Bender-Kengo , Cong , Congo , Congo-Bunder , Congue , Kong , Koung , Kung , Kunj, Khunj , Kunk , Quongo , SOURCE for Bandar Kong « Os portugueses foram bem-sucedidos na resistência que opuseram às tropas de Sultan I, nas batalhas de 1660 e 1670 muito embora os custos das campanhas fossem muito elevados de acordo com o que vários nobres referiram nos seus relató rios ao Rei. Naquele período, o fluxo dos rendimentos da alfândega de Bandar Kong para a Fazenda do Estado contribuiu para dinamizar a economia portuguesa. [The Portuguese were successful in the resistance they put up to the troops of Sultan I, in the battles of 1660 and 1670, although the costs of the campaigns were very high, according to what several nobles mentioned in their reports to the King. In that period, the flow of income from the Bandar Kong customs house to the State Treasury contributed to boosting the Portuguese economy.] » #2538 Ibrahim Yahya Zahran Al-Busaidi, Thesis:Oman e Portugal (1650-1730): política e economia, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2010, ~ abt. p. 144 SOURCE for Bandar Kongo « Congo: Bandar Kong, porto persa junto do estreito de Ormuz, no Golfo Arábico. » #2538 Ibrahim Yahya Zahran Al-Busaidi, Thesis:Oman e Portugal (1650-1730): política e economia, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2010 ~ Anexo III: Glossá Rio Toponímico SOURCE for Bandar-e Kung « These notably include Bandar-e Kung (aka Kunj, Khunj. Cong, Congo). a small settlement just outside Lengeh. which had recenlly been reduced to half its formcr size at the time Lorimer was writing (Lorimer 1908: 1041 ). Kung seems to have been particularly susceptible to fluctuations in population: nearly a hundred years earlier i( was described by Captain Brucks as "now in ruins, but ... formerly a flouri shing place" (Hughes Thomas 1985: 601 ); Slot (1993: 23) attributes its decline to a series of Omani raids in the late 17th/early l8th century , and says it was completely ruined by 1756. » #2817 Robert Carter, The History and Prehistory of Pearling in the Persian Gulf, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 2005 vol. 48:no. 2:pp. 139-209 ~ p. 179 SOURCE for Bandar-e-Cong, « know that in those days the for-tress of Hormuz, as well as the fortresses Larak and Bandar-e-Cong, on thePersian side of the strait, were controlled by the Portuguese. » #3224 Margherita Farina, Giovanni Battista Raimondi's Travel in the Middle East: A Case of Sixteenth-Century Portuguese-Italian Interference, Oriente Moderno, NUOVA SERIE, ~ p. 55 SOURCE for Bander-Congo « In queſto Caſale venero all'incõtro del P.Franceſco, Giuſeppe Pereira d'Azevedo Soprantendente dell' Azienda Reale del Re di Portogallo; il Fatto- re, e lo Scrivano della medefima, com molti loro fervidori a cavallo. In com- pagnia di coſtoro giugnemmo dopo ſette miglia in Bander-Congo, e deſinammo unitamente tutti nel Convento de' Padri A goſtiniani, dove alloggiammo. [In this Caſale they met Father Francesco, Giuſeppe Pereira d'Azevedo Superintendent of the Royal Company of the King of Portugal; the Factor, and the Scribe of the same company, with many of their fervors on horseback. In the company of them we arrived after seven miles in Bander-Congo, and we all gathered together in the Convent of the Goſtinian Fathers, where we lodged.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 278 SOURCE for Bander-e Kong « On the 18th the Oliviera came close to us with a west wind, and the lead ship anchored at the 22nd hour in the port. It saluted the fort with three shots and was answered by an equal number. ... we turned toward the sea to await the Oliviera, which was still far away. Together with her, we dropped anchor in port [at Bander-e Kong] at sunset. ... On the morning of the 19th [of May, 1674] I debarked with all my things after having taken leave of that captain and thanked him as was proper. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ pp. 286-7 SOURCE for Bender « The nineteenth day, wee lodged at Bender. The twentieth, wee departed from Bender, » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 458 SOURCE for Bender-Kengo «Bender-Kengo (1) f. n. 1 Résidence d'un cheykh nommé Alfan, dépendant du khan de Lâr, ainsi que celui de Bender-Nakhilou. [fn. 1 Residence of a sheikh named Alfan, dependent on the khan of Lar, as well as that of Bender-Nakhilou.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490 SOURCE for Cong « CONGO-BUNDER, CONG, n.p. Kung bandar; a port formerly of some consequence and trade, on the north shore of the Persian Gulf, about 100 m. west of Gombroon. The Portuguese had a factory here for a good many years after their expulsion from Ormus, and under treaty with Persia, made in 1625, had a right of pearl-fishing at Bahrein and a claim to half of the customs of Cong. » #379 Yule, Henry and Burnell A. C., Hobson-Jobson, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, Ware, Hertfordshire, 1996, ~ p. 246 SOURCE for Congo « Congo: Bandar Kong, porto persa junto do estreito de Ormuz, no Golfo Arábico. » #2538 Ibrahim Yahya Zahran Al-Busaidi, Thesis:Oman e Portugal (1650-1730): política e economia, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2010 ~ Anexo III: Glossá Rio Toponímico « Das igrejas de Congo, Soar, Curiate e Dobba. Na dependencia do convento de Aspão, no porto do Congo, aonde o Estado da India tinha huma feitoria, tinha- mos huma igreja com o titulo de N. Senhora da Assum- pção, cujo parroco era subdito do convento de Aspão, e sustentado a custa da real Fazenda para administrar os sacramentos ao feitor, officiaes, e mais servidores da dita feitoria, e mais moradores do porto. » [From the churches of Congo, Soar, Curiate and Dobba. In the dependency of the convent of Aspão, in the port of Congo, where the Estado da India had a trading post, we had a church with the title of N. Senhora da Assumpção, whose parish priest was a subject of the convent of Aspão, and supported the at the expense of the royal Treasury to administer the sacraments to the factor, officials, and other servants of the said factory, and more residents of the port.] #2857 ed. Silva Rego, A. da, Documentação para a História das Missões do Padroado Português do Oriente – Índia, Agência Geral das Ultramar, Lisboa, 1955 ~ vol. 11 p. 209 « At Congo, Joseph Pereira d'Azevedo was superintendent of the royal Portuguese agency; they lodged at the convent of the Augustins. The Portuguese received an annual tribute of five horses and 1100 tománs (about £500), by a convention made after the Persians had taken Ormus, because the Portuguese troubled with their vessels the navigation of the whole gulf, which lessened the customs (of Persia); and, besides, they had the great tion privilege of having a house, hoisting their flag, and jurisdiction over all Christians landing. » #570 Stiffe, A. W., Former Trading Centres of the Persian Gulf. V. Kung, The Geographical Journal, London, 1899 (Mar.), 13:3:294-7 ~ p. 296 SOURCE for Congo-Bunder « CONGO-BUNDER, CONG, n.p. Kung bandar; a port formerly of some consequence and trade, on the north shore of the Persian Gulf, about 100 m. west of Gombroon. The Portuguese had a factory here for a good many years after their expulsion from Ormus, and under treaty with Persia, made in 1625, had a right of pearl-fishing at Bahrein and a claim to half of the customs of Cong. » #379 Yule, Henry and Burnell A. C., Hobson-Jobson, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, Ware, Hertfordshire, 1996, ~ p. 246 SOURCE for Congue « 1653.—“Congue est vne petite ville fort agreable sur le sein Persique à trois journées du Bandar Abbassi tirant à l’Ouest dominée par le Schah … les Portugais y ont vn Feitour. » #379 Yule, Henry and Burnell A. C., Hobson-Jobson, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, Ware, Hertfordshire, 1996 ~ p. 246 SOURCE for Kong « Os navios omanitas que faziam comércio com os portugueses oucom os portos que a eles pertencessem deveriam levar mapas doporto de Kong sob pena de virem a ser apreendidos. [Omani ships that traded with the Portuguese orwith the ports that belonged to them should carry maps of the port of Kong under penalty of being seized.] » #2538 Ibrahim Yahya Zahran Al-Busaidi, Thesis:Oman e Portugal (1650-1730): política e economia, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2010, ~ abt. p. 164 « Kong, en effet, jusqu'alors hâvre obscur, fut élevé par l'accord luso-persan au rang de ces ports de com- merce internationaux et «internationalisés» de l'Océan Indien dont le statut juridique mériterait une étude comparative (3).fn. 3 Cf. déjà diverses notations dans C. H. ALEXANDROWICZ, An Introduction to the history of the Law of Nations in the East Indies (16th, 17th and 18th centuries), Oxford 1967. Pour l'époque antérieure à la présence européenne, l'essai très contestable de ANTHONY LEEDS, The port-of-trade in pre-European India as an ecological and evolutionmary type, dans VIOLA E, GARFIELD éd., Proceedings of the 1961 Annual Spring Meeting of the American Ethnological Society, Seattle 1961, p. 26-48. [ Kong, in fact, until then an obscure haven, was elevated by the Luso-Persian agreement to the rank of these international and “internationalized” trading ports of the Indian Ocean whose legal status deserves a comparative study (3) fn. 3 Cf. already various notations in C. H. ALEXANDROWICZ, An Introduction to the history of the Law of Nations in the East Indies (16th, 17th and 18th centuries), Oxford 1967. For the period prior to the European presence, the very questionable essay by ANTHONY LEEDS, The port-of-trade in pre-European India as an ecological and evolutionmary type, in VIOLA E, GARFIELD ed., Proceedings of the 1961 Annual Spring Meeting of the American Ethnological Society, Seattle 1961, p . 26-48. ] » #3250 Aubin, Jean, L’ Ambassade de Gregório Pereira Fidalgo à la Cour de Châh Soltân-Hosseyn 1696-169, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa, 1971 ~ p. 11 Cultural Landscape of Kong Historic Port [accessed 28 Mar 2024] SOURCE for Koung « Koung » in {map#1255 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / dressée par P. Lapie... ; gravée par Blondeau..., , 1810, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE C-10435} « Koung » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, } SOURCE for Kung « The Persians also seized Khor Fakkan from the Portuguese in 1622, but their success was short-lived. In 1623 Ruy Freire de Andrade ejected the Persians from Khor Fakkan though he was himself shortly afterwards displaced by an Arab force under the first imam of the Ya'ruba dynasty in Oman, Nasir ibn Murshid. In 1631 the Portuguese built a fort at Julfar, having apparently regained this port with a view to mounting an attack on Hormuz from it. The Portuguese also had minor forts at Kalba and Dibbah. » #6 Hawley, Donald, The Trucial States, Allen and Unwin, London, 1970 ~ p. 75 « The next major scare was in June 1669 when, after an Omani attack on the Portuguese at Kung, their fleet arrived at Gombroon in search of Portuguese refugees. Being assured there were none there they set sail again, but the Shah, expecting an attack on Kung, ordered the island fortresses and garrisons to be put into a state of readiness. (2) The threat was removed by a Portuguese victory in a naval battle off Kung and the subsequent blockading tactics which led to de Mollo's truce at Suhar in 1672 (sec p. 128 above). There was a lull of twenty years before the next outrage in the Gulf. In the middle of January, 1695, five Omani ships carrying 1,500 men took advantage of the absence of the Portuguese fleet to attack Kung. A (richly laden Armenian ship at anchor was captured and the town plundered. The value of the booty taken was some 60,000 tomans (£200,000 at that time), (1) Shortly afterwards the Omani attack on Mangalore took place, and with these two raids, in the space of two or three months, the Imam Sayf had stirred up violent hostility in the Persians, Portuguese, French and English. fn.1. O.C.2560, Letter Isfahan to Company 28 August 1656. fn. 2. F.R.Surat, CV, p.118, Letter Gembroon to Surat 10 Apr 1669. » #2816 Bathurst, Raymond Denis, The Ya’rubi dynasty of Oman, (unpublished thesis), University of Oxford, 1967 ~ pp. 193-4 SOURCE for Kunj, Khunj « These notably include Bandar-e Kung (aka Kunj, Khunj. Cong, Congo). a small settlement just outside Lengeh. which had recenlly been reduced to half its formcr size at the time Lorimer was writing (Lorimer 1908: 1041 ). Kung seems to have been particularly susceptible to fluctuations in population: nearly a hundred years earlier i( was described by Captain Brucks as "now in ruins, but ... formerly a flouri shing place" (Hughes Thomas 1985: 601 ); Slot (1993: 23) attributes its decline to a series of Omani raids in the late 17th/early l8th century , and says it was completely ruined by 1756. » #2817 Robert Carter, The History and Prehistory of Pearling in the Persian Gulf, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 2005 vol. 48:no. 2:pp. 139-209 ~ p. 179 « Omani- Portuguese conflict continued at sea, with constant sea battles. In 1719, a Portuguese fleet took on the Omani fleet off Kunj. The Omanis lost five hundred men and were forced back into Julfar to wait for reinforcements from Mascat (Bathurst 1967; 212). » #2813 William Lancaster, Fidelity Lancaster, Honour is in Contentment Life Before Oil in Ras Al-Khaimah (UAE) and Some Neighbouring Regions, De Gruyter, Berlin ; Boston, 2011 ~ p. 477 SOURCE for Kunk « Kunk » in {map#1035 Sinus Persici maximam partem ad observationes proprias A. MDCCLXV, Carsten Niebuhr, 1765, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Philosophie, histoire, sciences de l'homme, 4-O2G-7 (A) Tab: XIX p. 340} « . Here are the ports which belong to these Arabs and which make me known: [arabic] Kunk, [arabic] Lundsje, [arabic] and Rás Hati » #2874 Carsten Niebuhr, Description de l'Arabie faite sur des observations propres et des avis recueillis dans les lieux mêmes, S. J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1774 ~ p. 272 SOURCE for Quongo « (12) Je serais tenté d ' i dentifier Quongo avec Khargun, dans le territoire de Minab. » #233 Faroughy, Abbas, Histoire du Royaume de Hormuz depuis son origine jusqu'a son incorporation dans l'empire persan des Safavis en 1622, Bruxelles, 1949 ~ p. 13 fn. 12

R39-010 Lenguiè
R39-010 Lenguiè : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar Langeh , Bandar-e Lengeh , Bandar-e-Langeh , Linja , Linjah , بندر لنگه ,
VARIANT names: Bandar-e-Langeh , Lengeh , Lenghì , Lenguie , Linga , Lingah , Lingeh , Linghee , Linjah , Lundsje , Singar ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Bandar-e-Langeh FOR Hiṣn Ibn ʿUmāra [Cornu],
SOURCE for Bandar-e-Langeh
« Tribes traveled freely back and forth across the Gulf, and some had sections on both sides, most famously the Qawasim based in Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah who temporarily governed Bandar Langeh. Settlements along the coast often had closer relations with those on the Arab side than those in the interior, due to ease of communication. » #1723 Potter, Lawrence, The port of Siraf: Historical Memory and Iran’s role in the Persian Gulf, International Congress of Siraf Port, Bushehr, 2005 (Nov), ~ p. 31
« It was not until late in the 19th century, however, that the Tehran government was able to reassert control over its Gulf littoral, reclaiming Bandar Abbas from Oman in 1868 and in 1887 evicting the (Arab) Qasimi shaikhs who had long ruled Bander Langeh » #1723 Potter, Lawrence, The port of Siraf: Historical Memory and Iran’s role in the Persian Gulf, International Congress of Siraf Port, Bushehr, 2005 (Nov), ~ p. 46
SOURCE for Lengeh
« In 1884, after the Ruler of Lengeh had planted date offsets on Greater Tunb without permission, the Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah uprooted the plants and sent a letter of protest to both the Ruler of Lengeh and the native agent of the British at Lengeh. The Ruler of Lengeh replied to this protest by apologizing and acknowledging in writing that the island belonged to the Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah. He also committed to prohibiting the tribesmen from Lengeh who were under his authority from using the island to graze their animals.66 » #2583 Charles L.O. Buderi, Luciana T. Ricart, The Iran-UAE Gulf Islands Dispute A Journey Through International Law, History and Politics, Brill, Leiden, 2018 ~ p.99
SOURCE for Lenghì
« was suddenly encountered by a band of Pirates in the gulf of Lenghee, or Lenghi, and slain after a most desperate » #57 Maurizi, Vincenzo, History Of Seyd Said, Oleander Press Ltd, Cambridge:New York, 1984 ~ p. 2
SOURCE for Lenguie
« Lenguiè » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Linga
« On April 12, 1890, after a stay of some days at Linga, on the Persian Gulf, I left it with a caravan of one horse, ten donkeys, two servants, and one Persian soldier. » #1754 Vaughan, H. B., Journeys in Persia (1890-91), The Geographical Journal, London, 1896 (Jan.), 7:1:24-41 ~ p. 24
SOURCE for Lingah
« In reply to a request of the British Resident in 1879 to compile “a complete list of the dependencies of each Trucial Chief”, the native agent on the Arab coast listed Greater Tunb as being owned by the Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah. He added, however, that the island was “also owned by the Chief of Lingah in part as he is also of the tribe of the Joasmees”.65 » #2583 Charles L.O. Buderi, Luciana T. Ricart, The Iran-UAE Gulf Islands Dispute A Journey Through International Law, History and Politics, Brill, Leiden, 2018 ~ p.99
#1839 Morgan, Jacques de, Mission scientifique en Perse Tome Second Études Géographiques, Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1895 vol. 2: ~
Fig. 139. Côte de Lingah ; Laristân p. 296
« Lingah » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
« … the information called for by Government on the 17th February 1854, regarding the principal estates within my political control. No mention is therein made of the ports on the Persian Coast between Bushire and Bunder Abbas given below. … Ports. | Tribes. | Names of Chiefs. Lingah | ….. | Khaleefa bin Guzeeb. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Lingeh
« By Christmas Eve we reached Lingeh town after inspecting the scanty remains left at Kung of the fortified trading post maintained here by the Portuguese long after the fall of Hormuz. Lingeh, which has suffered much decay in recent years, detained us for four days, partly owing to severe malaria brought from Bandar ‘Abbas by my party and escort, and partly on account of the difficulty of securing transport. » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 130
SOURCE for Linghee
SOURCE for Linjah
#428 Farmayan, Hafez and Daniel, Elton L. (ed.), A Shi'ite Pilgrimage to Mecca 1885-1886, The Safarnameh of Mirza Mohammad Hosayn Farahani, Saqi Books, London, 1990 ~ p. 238
SOURCE for Lundsje
« Lundsje » in {map#1035 Sinus Persici maximam partem ad observationes proprias A. MDCCLXV, Carsten Niebuhr, 1765, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Philosophie, histoire, sciences de l'homme, 4-O2G-7 (A) Tab: XIX p. 340}
« . Here are the ports which belong to these Arabs and which make me known: [arabic] Kunk, [arabic] Lundsje, [arabic] and Rás Hati » #2874 Carsten Niebuhr, Description de l'Arabie faite sur des observations propres et des avis recueillis dans les lieux mêmes, S. J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1774 ~ p. 272
SOURCE for Singar
« Singar » in {map#1320 'tracing showing the route and coast line from Mogoo bay to the town of Bunder Abbas. (vide report no. 6 of 1864)' [?236a] (1/2) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, ST 393, vol 17, p 236a, in Qatar Digital Library, , 1864, }

R39-011 Chinas
R39-011 Chinas : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Shenas , Shenas , بندر شناس , شناس ,
VARIANT names: Chinas , Shenas , Shonas ,
SOURCE for Chinas
« Chinas » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Shenas
SOURCE for Shonas
« Shonas » in {map#1320 'tracing showing the route and coast line from Mogoo bay to the town of Bunder Abbas. (vide report no. 6 of 1864)' [?236a] (1/2) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, ST 393, vol 17, p 236a, in Qatar Digital Library, , 1864, }

R39-012 Bistoûn
R39-012 Bistoûn : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Bostaneh , Bostaneh , بستانه , بندر بستانه ,
VARIANT names: Bistana , Bostana , Bostaneh ,
SOURCE for Bistana
« Bistana » in {map#632 Asia. Persian Gulf, Commander C G Constable and Lieutenant Arthur William Stiffe, 1860, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/W/L/PS/10/457}
SOURCE for Bostana
« Bostana » in {map#1320 'tracing showing the route and coast line from Mogoo bay to the town of Bunder Abbas. (vide report no. 6 of 1864)' [?236a] (1/2) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, ST 393, vol 17, p 236a, in Qatar Digital Library, , 1864, }
SOURCE for Bostaneh
« Passing the villages of Bostaneh and Mughu, which latter used to be one of the stations of the East Indian Squadron, » #1754 Vaughan, H. B., Journeys in Persia (1890-91), The Geographical Journal, London, 1896 (Jan.), 7:1:24-41 ~ p. 24

R39-013 Dehoûn
R39-013 Dehoûn : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Divan , Bandar-e Rivan , Divan , Duwwan , Ruvvan , ديوان ,
VARIANT names: Dehoun , Duan , Duwwan ,
SOURCE for Dehoun
« Dehoûn » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Duan
« Duan » in {map#632 Asia. Persian Gulf, Commander C G Constable and Lieutenant Arthur William Stiffe, 1860, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/W/L/PS/10/457}
« Duan » in {map#1320 'tracing showing the route and coast line from Mogoo bay to the town of Bunder Abbas. (vide report no. 6 of 1864)' [?236a] (1/2) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, ST 393, vol 17, p 236a, in Qatar Digital Library, , 1864, }
SOURCE for Duwwan

R39-014 Mogou
R39-014 Mogou : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Moghuyeh , Moghuyeh , بندر مغویه , مغویه ,
VARIANT names: Bandar Mukhu , Bandar Muqam (Mughu) , Bandar-e Moghuyeh , Casal, called Gesser , Magoo , Mogbo , Moghou , Moghu , Moghunah , Mogo , Mogoo , Mogou , Mughu , Sidodone ,
SOURCE for Bandar Mukhu
« Bandar Mukhu » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Fin G-40B 1941}
SOURCE for Bandar Muqam (Mughu)
« From Bandar Müqam (Mugh?) To Bastak. 663 miles. 4 stages. Authority. Vaughan, 1890. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 50
SOURCE for Bandar-e Moghuyeh
SOURCE for Casal, called Gesser
« The eighteenth day, we came to a Casal, called Gesser, and the same day from thence. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 458
SOURCE for Magoo
« Magoo » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
SOURCE for Mogbo
« and [arabic] Mogbo, belong to an independent Schech. » #2874 Carsten Niebuhr, Description de l'Arabie faite sur des observations propres et des avis recueillis dans les lieux mêmes, S. J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1774 ~ p. 272
SOURCE for Moghou
« Moghou a 350 habitants marins, pêcheurs de perles, de poissons, cultivateurs. Poisson sec, céréales, bois de chauffage. [Moghou has 350 seafaring inhabitants, pearl fishermen, fishermen, farmers. Dried fish, cereals, firewood.] » #3329 R. Vadala, Le Golfe Persique, Librairie Arthur Rousseau, 1920 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Moghu
« Moghu or Moghunah, is situated in the bay between Ras Bostonah and Ras Yarid on the Persian shore. Until the acquisition of Bassadore on the north-west extremity of the island of Kishm, Moghu was the station for the Indian Navy squadron. » #782 Low, Charles Rathbone, History of the Indian Navy (1613-1863), Richard Bentley and Son, 1877 ~ vol1 p. 333
SOURCE for Moghunah
SOURCE for Mogo
« Mogo » in {map#1035 Sinus Persici maximam partem ad observationes proprias A. MDCCLXV, Carsten Niebuhr, 1765, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Philosophie, histoire, sciences de l'homme, 4-O2G-7 (A) Tab: XIX p. 340}
SOURCE for Mogoo
« … the information called for by Government on the 17th February 1854, regarding the principal estates within my political control. No mention is therein made of the ports on the Persian Coast between Bushire and Bunder Abbas given below. … Ports. | Tribes. | Names of Chiefs. Mogoo | Marazeek | Sultan bin Hoossein. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Mogou
« Mogou » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Mughu
« Mughu: see Bandar-e Moghūyeh[DESIG.] PPL [LAT.] 26°35'N [LONG.] 54°31'E [AREA] IR11 [UTM] BQ54 [JOG NO.] NG40-05 » #2938 Gazetteer of Iran Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names, Defence Mapping Agency, Washington D. C., 2nd ed. 1984, ~ vol. K-Z p. 1171
« MUGHU BAY (B. A. Chart 2837-A). -The shore of Mughu Bay from Ras Bistana trends north-northwestward 7 miles, and then turns westward 7 miles to Ras Yarid; it is low and sandy, with a rocky beach near Ras Bistana, and the land rises gradually to the bases of Jabal Bistana and Jabal Yarid, between which and about 2.5 miles inland is precipitous broken ground. The shores appear to be fringed with shoal water, extending off from about 1,000 yards to 1 mile. » #2932 Sailing Directions for the Persian Gulf, Including the Gulf of Oman and the Mekrán Coast, Hydrographic Office, United States, 1931, ~ p. 248
« Mughu » in {map#1013 in #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937 ~ fig. Section No. IV}
« Passing the villages of Bostaneh and Mughu, which latter used to be one of the stations of the East Indian Squadron, » #1754 Vaughan, H. B., Journeys in Persia (1890-91), The Geographical Journal, London, 1896 (Jan.), 7:1:24-41 ~ p. 24
« Mughu » in {map#632 Asia. Persian Gulf, Commander C G Constable and Lieutenant Arthur William Stiffe, 1860, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/W/L/PS/10/457}
SOURCE for Sidodone
« In "Nearchus' Voyage" (Gronov. edition) Moghu is called Sidodone. » #782 Low, Charles Rathbone, History of the Indian Navy (1613-1863), Richard Bentley and Son, 1877 ~ vol1 p. 333

R39-015 Essina
R39-015 Essina : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 10965096 coordinate: lat 26.653672 long 54.365024
NIMA/GNS names: 'asineh , Bandar-e 'asineh , Bandar-e Hoseyniyeh , Hoseyneh , ءَسینِه , بَندَرِ ءَسینِه , بندر حسینیه , حسینه ,
VARIANT names: Essina , Essiua , Hasineh , Hassineh , Hoseyneh ,
SOURCE for Essina
« Essina » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Essiua
« Essiua » in {map#1270 in #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 fig. Carte de la Turquie d'Asie, et de la Perse}
SOURCE for Hasineh
« Hasineh » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Lingeh G-40 G 1941}
SOURCE for Hassineh
« Hassineh a 300 habitants commerçants, marins, cultivateurs, pêcheurs de perles. Sel, céréales, poissons secs. [Hassineh has 300 inhabitants, traders, sailors, farmers, pearl fishermen. Salt, cereals, dried fish. Tchareh has 400 inhabitants, farmers, traders] » #3329 R. Vadala, Le Golfe Persique, Librairie Arthur Rousseau, 1920 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Hoseyneh

R39-016 Tcharek
R39-016 Tcharek : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Charak , Band-e Charak , Charak , بند چارك , بندر چارک , چارک ,
VARIANT names: Casal, called Melgor , Charak , Charek , Charrak , Tchareh , Tcharek , Tsjærak ,
SOURCE for Casal, called Melgor
« The twelfth day in the morning, we came to a great Casal, called Melgor, where lyeth a Captaine called Shiagh: and here we remayned three dayes, and were in great danger of being taken slaves, but God kept us. This Casal lyeth betweene the Mountaines. The fourteenth day in the evening, wee left this wicked place, where I paid ten Larins for my part. The women here may throw their Dugs over their shoulders. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 458
[cannot confirm Melgor = Charak. PBR]
SOURCE for Charak
« One of the Shibkuh ports on the Persian Coast ; it is situated about 43 miles south-east of Shivuh and 34 miles west of Charak. Chiru has a fort and a large date-grove, and lies facing the east in a small bay formed by a low sandy projection running southwards from the main line of the Persian coast; the village is a mile north of the point of the promontory. » #660 Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1915 ~ vol. 2 p. 355
SOURCE for Charek
« we arrived at Charek, another village inhabited chiefly by fishermen, and then struck inland in a northerly direction, following up a watercourse through the mountains. » #1754 Vaughan, H. B., Journeys in Persia (1890-91), The Geographical Journal, London, 1896 (Jan.), 7:1:24-41 ~ p. 24
SOURCE for Charrak
« … the information called for by Government on the 17th February 1854, regarding the principal estates within my political control. No mention is therein made of the ports on the Persian Coast between Bushire and Bunder Abbas given below. … Ports. | Tribes. | Names of Chiefs. Charrak (with dependencies). | ….. | Shaikh Hussein bin Abdoolla. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Tchareh
« Tchareh a 400 habitants cultivateurs, commerçants, pêcheurs de perles et de poissons. Bois, charbon, céréales. [Tchareh has 400 inhabitants, farmers, traders, fishermen of pearls and fish. Wood, coal, cereals.] » #3329 R. Vadala, Le Golfe Persique, Librairie Arthur Rousseau, 1920 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Tcharek
#1839 Morgan, Jacques de, Mission scientifique en Perse Tome Second Études Géographiques, Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1895 vol. 2: ~ Fig. 140 – Tchârèk p. 297
« Tcharek » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Tsjærak
« Tsjarak » in {map#1035 Sinus Persici maximam partem ad observationes proprias A. MDCCLXV, Carsten Niebuhr, 1765, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Philosophie, histoire, sciences de l'homme, 4-O2G-7 (A) Tab: XIX p. 340}
« Charrack (the Tsjærâk of Niebuhr) exists very nearly in the same site (145), and is still the residence of an Arab Sheik.
Fn. 145 There is just ground of suspicion that Charrack, Tsjarak, Sharak, Sarak, is actually Saraf, or Siraf. See the account of this town and its commerce in Renaudot and Harris ; and the circumstance of houses built with the bones of whales. Renaud. p. 95. Eng edit.» #852 Vincent, William, The commerce and navigation of the ancients in the Indian Ocean, T. Cadell jun. and W. Davies, London, 1807 ~ vol. 1 p. 852

R39-017 Tavana
R39-017 Tavana : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar Tahooneh , Bandar-e Ta`uneh , Bandar-e Tahuneh , Ta`uneh , Tahuneh , Tavuneh , بندر تهنه , بندر طاحونه , بندرِ طاعونه , تاوونه , طاحونه , طاعونه ,
VARIANT names: Saviyah , Sawiya , Tabanah , Tahunah , Tavana , Tavuneh , Tawana , Tawanah ,
SOURCE for Saviyah
« Huzu and Saviyah (2). These, with some other districts, are of the coast-lands that belong to the Island of Qays, being under the rule of the Amir Kaysh. They all lie adjacent to the hot region of the Kirman province.
fn. 2 Huzū is probably the modern Chiru, in the Shib Kūh sub-district of Lāristan, lying 10 lengues west of Charuk. In Istakhri (p. 163) the name occurs variously as Sirü, Sürü, or Shahru. Saviyah may be A clerical error, for which we should read Tavanah, the name of a village lying 1 lengue to the westward of Charuk (FNN. 289). » #3047 G. Le Strange, Description of the Province of Fars, in Persia, at the Beginning of the Twelfth Century A.D. Translated from the MS. of Ibn-al-Balkhi, in the British Museum, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1912 pp. 1-30, pp. 311-339, pp. 865-889 ~ p. 330
SOURCE for Sawiya
« as the main staple of the Persian-Indian-Chinese trade, the Arab dynasty of Kais rose under the last Buyids in the first half of the vth (x1th) century to unlimited control of the whole Persian Gulf. This Siraf, which was previously often regarded wrongly as a town on the coast near the island of Kais — actually confused with Kais by Ibn Battuta (11. 244, 2) —lay much further to the north; the ruins of this famous commercial centre are near the village of Tahiri (north of Ras Nabend, in 27° 40' N. Lat. and 52° 20' E. Long. Greenwich; cf. Schwarz, op. cit., p. 59 sq. and the article SIRAF). Siraf gradually became more and more deserted under the suzerainty of the princes of Kais, as they diverted the very considerable trade and shipping from the captured Persian seaport to their own island. They also extended their power to several other districts of the mainland opposite the island of Kais. Their predecessors in the occupation of this strip of land had been a South Arabian tribe, the Banu 'Umara; cf. on their territory, the so-called Sif Umara (the Umara-coast), Schwarz, op. cit., p. 77 sq., 76. In the little town of Huzi there, a little dynasty of a family of the Banu 'Umara, of whom coins still survive, ruled before the coming of the ruling house of Kais; cf. v. Bergmann in the Numism. Zeitschr. (Vienna), viii. 38-39 and Tiesenhausen in the Rev. Numism. Belge, 1875, P. 337; Huzu (probably the modern Ciru) and Sawiya (reading uncertain, probably the modern Tawanah), both almost opposite Kais (in the N. W. or N. E. of it), were the most important ports of the island-rulers on the mainland. On Huza and Sawiya see Ibn al-Balkhi, Färsnäma, p. 141; Hamd Allah Mustawfi, Nuchat al-Kulub, text p. 120, transl. p. 118; G. le Strange, The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate, p. 257. A caravan route from Shiraz ended in Huzu, the more important of these two towns; cf. Hamd Allah Mustawfi, p. 185, 16, 186, 7. The same author (p. 171, 15, 184, 5, 186, 11 sq.) also gives the routes and distances from Kais to Basra, to Sultaniya and to the islands of Sarandib (Ceylon) via Hormuz. Most of the smaller islands near Kais likewise became subject to the rulers of the latter, for example Djasak (probably the modern Larek in the strait of Hormuz), where, according to Yakut ii. 9, 7, the "king" of Kais maintained a garrison celebrated for its seamanship; see also DJASAK, i. 1025. At its period of greatest power, the dynasty of Kais also ruled over the opposite coast on the Arabian side (district of Oman), wherefore they are called by Yakut and al-Dimashki "the lords of "Oman". » #2865 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1st Edition, ~ vol. 2 pp. 649-650
« The Island of Kish is situated between Hurmuz and Siraf, opposite the important port towns of Huzu (Chiru) and Sawiya. (67)
fn. 67. M. Streck, "Kais," Encyclopedia of Islam (Leiden, 1927), II, 669-670. See also Bina, "Tarikh-1 Du Hizār," I, 218-219: Muḥammad Muhit Tabatabai, "Sarzamin-1 Bahrain (The Land of Bahrain)," in R. Shafaq et al., eds., Siminar, 1, 99; and A. W. Stiffe, "Ancient Trading Centers of the Persian Gulf: II. Kais," GJ, VII (June, 1896), 644-649. » #1196 Ricks, Thomas M., Persian Gulf Seafaring and East Africa: Ninth-Twelfth Centuries, African Historical Studies, Boston, 1970 ~ p. 352
SOURCE for Tabanah
« Weiter folgen an der Küstedie Orte Tâbanah تابنه Girah und Kalât-'Obeid; der letzt-genannte liegt auf einem Hügel 250' und hiess vormals Huzû??هزو eine Zwingburg des Seikh von Kiš. Im Hintergrunde??erhebt sich als runde Landmarke der Koh-i-Turungah 5150',Citronenberg. Der letzte Ankerplatz an der Küste gegenüberKiš ist Cirûh mit einem Landvorsprung 30 Miles von Carek,wo die Küste von Karmania ihren natürlichen Abschluss fand, [Further along the coast are the towns of Tâbanah تابنه Girah and Kalât-'Obeid; The latter is located on a hill 250' and was formerly called Huzû?هزو, a stronghold of the Seikh of Kiš. In the background, the Koh-i-Turungah 5150', Citronenberg, rises as a round landmark. The last anchorage on the coast opposite Kiš is Cirûh with a headland 30 miles from Carek, where the coast of Karmania found its natural conclusion,] »#2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890, vol. 121:issue 8: ~ p.52
SOURCE for Tahunah
« Tahunah » in {map#1286 in #3343 Koji Kamioka and Hikoichi Yajima, Iran Zagurosu Sanmyaku goe no ki karaban ruto (Caravan routes across the Zagros Mountains in Iran), Research Institute for Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa, 1988 ~ fig. Map 10 : Shiraz-Kish (3)}
SOURCE for Tavana
« Tavana » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Tavuneh
SOURCE for Tawana
« Tawana » in {map#632 Asia. Persian Gulf, Commander C G Constable and Lieutenant Arthur William Stiffe, 1860, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/W/L/PS/10/457}
SOURCE for Tawanah
see SOURCE « Sawiya »

R39-018 Guirza
R39-018 Guirza : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Korzeh , Bandar-e-Gowrzeh , Bandar-e-Gurzeh , Gerzeh , Gorzeh , Gowrzeh , Jirzeh , گرزه ,
VARIANT names: Bandar-e-Gowrzeh , Ghurzah , Goarsa , Gorzeh , Guirza , Guirzeh , Gurzeh , Jarseh , Jirza , Jirzeh ,
SOURCE for Bandar-e-Gowrzeh
SOURCE for Ghurzah
« Ghurzah » in {map#1286 in #3343 Koji Kamioka and Hikoichi Yajima, Iran Zagurosu Sanmyaku goe no ki karaban ruto (Caravan routes across the Zagros Mountains in Iran), Research Institute for Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa, 1988 ~ fig. Map 10 : Shiraz-Kish (3)}
SOURCE for Goarsa
« Goarsa » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Lingeh G-40 G 1941}
SOURCE for Gorzeh
« Jirzeh : see Gorzeh PPL26°44'N 53° 58'E IR11 YK96 NG 39-08 » #2938 Gazetteer of Iran Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names, Defence Mapping Agency, Washington D. C., 2nd ed. 1984, ~ vol. A-J p. 784
SOURCE for Guirza
« Guirza » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Guirzeh
« Cet auteur admet que Siraf aurait pu être situé à Taheri, mais pense qu'il vaudrait mieux chercher du côté de Tcharek ou de Guirzeh, en face de l'île de Qeis où se trouve Kelat (Kelat el-A'beid, apparement Jilla el Abed, Jilla Abade, Qal'a al-Abaid montré sur la carte de Stein entre Tchirou et Guirzeh (Gurzeh, Jirzeh)). [This author admits that Siraf could have been located in Taheri, but thinks that it would be better to look in the direction of Tcharek or Guirzeh, opposite the island of Qeis where Kelat is located (Kelat el-A'beid, apparently Jilla el Abed, Jilla Abade, Qal'a al-Abaid shown on Stein's map between Tchirou and Guirzeh (Gurzeh, Jirzeh)).] » #3059 K Lindberg, Voyage dans le Sud de l'Iran : carnet de route d'un me´dicin, a` la poursuite du ver de Me´dine., C.W.K. Gleerup, Lund, 1955 ~ p. 242
SOURCE for Gurzeh
SOURCE for Jarseh
« JARZEH, OR JIRZEH-LAT. (Tower) 26° 44' 15"; LONG. 53° 58' 10".A small village on the coast of Lar, opposite the island of Qais. It has a tower and date-grove, and is situated in a bay, which affords shelter from the Shimal close in. There are 20 fathoms of water within a mile of the beach of Jarzeh. (Constable-Stiffe-Persian Gulf Pilot.) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt. 1 A-K p. 458
SOURCE for Jirza
« Jirza » in {map#632 Asia. Persian Gulf, Commander C G Constable and Lieutenant Arthur William Stiffe, 1860, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/W/L/PS/10/457}
SOURCE for Jirzeh

R39-019 Kelha
R39-019 Kelha : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kalat , Kalat al Abeid , Kalat ol `Abid , Qala-at al `Abaid , كلات ,
VARIANT names: Kalat , Kalat al Abeid , Kelat , Kelha , Qala'at al 'Abaid , Shevu Bay ,
SOURCE for Kalat
« Kalat, 9 m. E. by N. ofChirü. 200 houses of Shafi'i Sunnis, The village has a large fort with a round tower which is 250 feet above the sea. The people own 10 trading vessels, 6 regular pearl-boats, and over 20 smaller craft used both for fishing and for pearling. They also possess some dates and cultivation, and a few of them are merchants. The Persian Customs have a post. » #3095 Report on Fars by Captain A T Wilson, Indian Political Department, Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1916 ~ p. 262
SOURCE for Kalat al Abeid
« Kalat al Abeid » in {map#632 Asia. Persian Gulf, Commander C G Constable and Lieutenant Arthur William Stiffe, 1860, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/W/L/PS/10/457}
SOURCE for Kelat
« … the information called for by Government on the 17th February 1854, regarding the principal estates within my political control. No mention is therein made of the ports on the Persian Coast between Bushire and Bunder Abbas given below. … Ports. | Tribes. | Names of Chiefs. Kelat | Beni Humeed | Shaikh Mahomed bin Ahmed. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ p. 286
« Kelat a 200 habitants commerçants, marins, cultivateurs. Céréales, sels, animaux. [Kelat has 200 inhabitants, traders, sailors, farmers. Cereals, salts, animals.] » #3329 R. Vadala, Le Golfe Persique, Librairie Arthur Rousseau, 1920 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Kelha
« Kelha » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Qala'at al 'Abaid
« Qala'at al 'Abaid » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Chiru G-39L 1941}
« Qala'at al 'Abaid » in {map#1013 in #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937 ~ fig. Section No. IV}
« Weiter schildert Jakūt Huzū (1) mit folgenden Worten: “Es ist eine schwache Veste auf einem Berge an der Küste des Persischen Meeres gegenüber der Insel Kis. Als ich sie besuchte, war sie schon verfallen" (2). Nach Tomaschek entspricht Huzü der heutigen Kalat al Abaid (3). fn. 1Vgl. oben 8. 78.fn.2Jak. 4, 974, 3.fn. 3 Nearch 52. [Jakūt Huzū (1) further describes it in the following words: “It is a weak fortress on a mountain on the coast of the Persian Sea opposite the island of Kis. When I visited it, it had already fallen into ruin” (2). According to Tomaschek, Huzü corresponds to today’s Kalat al Abaid (3). fn. 1 See above 8. 78. fn.2 Jak. 4, 974, 3. fn. 3 Nearch 52.] » #1717 Schwarz, Paul, Iran im Mittelalter nach arabischen Geographen, O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, 1896 ~ p. 80
« Cet auteur admet que Siraf aurait pu être situé à Taheri, mais pense qu'il vaudrait mieux chercher du côté de Tcharck ou de Guirzeh, en face de l'ille de Qeis où se trouve Kelat (Kelat el-A'beid, apparement Jilla el Abed, Jilla Abades, Qal'a al-Abaid montré sur la carte de Stein entre Tchirou et Guirzeh (Gurzeh, Jirzeh)). [This author admits that Siraf could have been located at Taheri, but thinks that it would be better to look on the side of Tcharck or Guirzeh, opposite the island of Qeis where Kelat is located (Kelat el-A'beid, apparently Jilla el Abed, Jilla Abades, Qal'a al-Abaid shown on Stein's map between Tchirou and Guirzeh (Gurzeh, Jirzeh)).] » #3059 K Lindberg, Voyage dans le Sud de l'Iran : carnet de route d'un me´dicin, a` la poursuite du ver de Me´dine., C.W.K. Gleerup, Lund, 1955 ~ p. 242
« Hinter dem niedrigen VorsprungRâs Gerd erhebt sich als Endglied des Bergdistrictes Gihan-giriyah, catena mundi' die isolirte kahle dunkelfarbige Fels-tafel Kôh-Gerd bis 1200', sichtbar auf 35 Miles: nach VincentΤαρσίη Nearchs. Freilich führen uns 300 Stadien von Duânetwas weiter, zu dem 15 Miles entfernten Ankerplatz Cárek,welcher Lebensmittel und Wasser besitzt; an der Ostseitemündet ein Wasserlauf, in welchen Boote einfahren, vielleichtder Κάθραψ ποταμός des Ptolemäus. Weiter folgen an der Küstedie Orte Tâbanah تابنه Girah und Kalât-'Obeid; der letzt-genannte liegt auf einem Hügel 250' und hiess vormals Huzû??هزو eine Zwingburg des Seikh von Kiš. Im Hintergrunde??erhebt sich als runde Landmarke der Koh-i-Turungah 5150',Citronenberg. Der letzte Ankerplatz an der Küste gegenüberKiš ist Cirûh mit einem Landvorsprung 30 Miles von Carek,wo die Küste von Karmania ihren natürlichen Abschluss fand, [Behind the low projection Râs Gerd rises as the end member of the mountain district Gihan-giriyah, catena mundi' the isolated, bare, dark-colored rock table Kôh-Gerd up to 1200', visible at 35 miles: according to VincentΤαρσίη Nearchs. Of course, 300 furlongs from Duânetwas take us further to the anchorage Cárek, 15 miles away, which has food and water; On the east side a watercourse flows into which boats enter, perhaps Ptolemy's Κάθραψ ποταμός. Further along the coast are the towns of Tâbanah تابنه Girah and Kalât-'Obeid; The latter is located on a hill 250' and was formerly called Huzû?هزو, a stronghold of the Seikh of Kiš. In the background, the Koh-i-Turungah 5150', Citronenberg, rises as a round landmark. The last anchorage on the coast opposite Kiš is Cirûh with a headland 30 miles from Carek, where the coast of Karmania found its natural conclusion,] »#2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890, vol. 121:issue 8: ~ p. 52
SOURCE for Shevu Bay
« Shevu Bay or Bandar Kalat (called so by the natives owing to the west promontory having been fortified by the Portuguese, of which scattered remains of ruins may be seen to this day) affords shelter to small vessels during north-westerly gales, but is perfectly exposed to the prevailing winds from other quarters, and cannot be recommended as a desirable bay to shelter vessels of a large size, owing to the const being steep, and vessels having to be in 7 to 8 fathoms to avoid a heavy swell setting in round the west point. » #3091 C M Macgregor, Central Asia. Part IV. A contribution towards the better knowledge of the topography, ethnology, resources, and history of Persia., Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1871 ~ p. 552

R39-020 Tchirou
R39-020 Tchirou : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: 'abruyeh , Bandar-e Chiru , Bandar-e Chiru'iyeh , Cheruyeh , Chiru , Chiruiyeh , Chiruyeh , بندر چیروئیه , چرویه ,
VARIANT names: Bandar Chiruya , Cailo , Cherob , Cheroo , Chiroo , Chiru , Chiruyeh , Cirûh , Tchirou , Tchirou ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Chiru FOR Chisi [Badger], POSSIBLE LOCATION at Chiru FOR huzu [Le Strange],
SOURCE for Bandar Chiruya
« Thus, Bandar Chirūya was certainly included in the transport route of Chinese ceramics during the Mongol period. Additionally, we found pieces of Yuan porcelain in each city ruin on the Kish caravan route. ... This caravan route started at the port of Hūzū on the shore opposite Kish Island and went through cities such as Khunj, Kārzin, Qir, and Maymand before reaching Shiraz. In May 2016, I examined the ruins of these cities together with Prof. Mori Tatsuya, (34) an expert in Chinese and Islamic ceramics, and Prof. Baḥranipūr, (35) a historian of the Persian Gulf and Fārs. Even today, the location of the Hūzū port remains uncertain, both present-day Bandar Chārak and Bandar Chirūya being possible candidates. However, judging from field surveys of both cities, we have two reasons to suggest that the Hūzū port was located at Bandar Chirūya. First, Bandar Chirūya is the nearest port to Kish Island, and second, we discovered in Bandar Chirūya pieces of Longquan-kiln celadon from the Yuan period, (36) and blue-and-white porcelain of Jingdezhen ??? kilns from the early Ming (See Map 5). (37)fn. 34 Professor of Okinawa Prefectural University of Art, Japan. fn. 35 Associate professor of Shahid Chamrān University, Iran. fn. 36 For an example of such Yuan celadon, see T. Mori, Tokudome Daisuke ???? et al., Ryūsen-yo seiji ten ?????? (Longquan Ware: Chinese Celadon Beloved by the Japanese) (Haghi: Ryūsen-yo Seiji Ten Kaisai Jikko Iinkai, 2012): 60, pl.59. fn. 37 The chronology of Chinese celadon that we examined was based on Mori’s study: T. Mori, “So-Gen dai Ryūsen-yo seiji no hennen” ????????の?? (Chronology of Longquan-kiln Celadon of the Song-Yuan Period.) In Tyūgoku seiji no kenkyū: hennen to ryūtsū ????の??—??と?? (Study on Chinese Celadon), ed. Mori Tatsuya (Tokyo: Kyuko Shoin, 2015): 145-85. Additionally, I would like to express my gratitude to Shibata Keiko ???? of the Ehime Research Center for Buried Cultural Properties, an expert in Chinese celadon, for her valuable advice. » #3344 Yasuhiro Yokkaichi, The Maritime and Continental Networks of Kish Merchants under Mongol Rule: The Role of the Indian Ocean, Fārs and Iraq, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 2019 ~ pp. 444-6
SOURCE for Cailo
« Cailo (53 B. 54 B, 72 B, 100B): Chiruyeh? » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006, ~ index p. 416
SOURCE for Cherob
« Cherob » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
SOURCE for Cheroo
« Cheroo » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
« … the information called for by Government on the 17th February 1854, regarding the principal estates within my political control. No mention is therein made of the ports on the Persian Coast between Bushire and Bunder Abbas given below. … Ports. | Tribes. | Names of Chiefs. Cheroo | Obeydalee | Abdool Russool. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Chiroo
« Inderabia » and « Chiroo » in Sketch to illustrate the memoir in #253 Kempthorne, Lieut. G. B., Notes made on a Survey along the Eastern Shores of the Persian Gulf in 1828, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1835 ~ after p. 263
« The question where Sirif, Polo's Chisi, was situated is easily disposed of Polo describes it as being two hundred miles farther from "Calatu" than Hormuz, "between north-west and west." Almost precisely at that distance from Hormuz, by sea, and in the given direction, there is a place called "Cheroo" in our modern English charts. According to Dean Vincent,' the name is spelt "Sherouw or Sherouve," in the old Dutch charts, but in N. Visscher's map (Amsterdam, 1651), I find it written "Siraf." It possesses a harbour far superior to that of the island of el-Kais, from which it is separated only by a few miles. — "Cheroo," writes Captain Brucks, I.N., "is situated at the bottom of a bay, formed by the Rds or Cape of the same name. It contains about one hundred and fifty men of the Abadaly tribe; the shaikh resides at another village inland....It is the best anchorage in a north- wester in the Gulf, and affords tolerable supplies, and water. It has a few trading-boats." Another confirmatory coincidence is the existence of the small island of Hindrâby a short distance to the southward of Cheroo. This I take to be the Labeth (or Lâmeth) which el-Idrisy places in its vicinity: — "Among the islands of that sea [Fars] are the island of Kharak, the island of Labeth, which is opposite to and near Siráf and the Cape esSafân, and the island of Awal." The cape, as will be seen by a glance at the chart, is a remarkable feature in that part of the coast.
fn. 2 Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients, vol. i. p. 381.
fn. 3 Bombay Government Selections, No. xxiv. p. 590.
fn. 4 Géographie d'Edrisi, ed. Jaubert, tom. i. p. 364. » #482 Razik, Salil-Ibn, History of the Imâms and Seyyids of ’Omân ... from A.D. 661-1856. Translated from the original Arabic and edited, with notes, appendices, and an introduction, continuing the history down to 1870, by G. P. Badger, Darf Publishers Limited, London, 1871/1986 ~ 417
SOURCE for Chiru
« Chiru-Anchorage.—This fishing village, at which there is a conspicuous square fort with a large square tower at each corner, and near which is a large date grove, is situated on the western side of a bay about 7 miles westward of Kalat al Abeid. A conspicuous yellow tower, about 30 feet (9m1) in height, stands on the shore about 4 cables north-eastward of the fort. Chiru point (Lat. 26° 41' N., Long. 53° 45' E.), situated about three-quarters of a mile south-south-westward of the fort, is a low projection that is steep-to on its southern and eastern sides. A flat, over which the depths are less than 3 fathoms (5m5), extends about 3 cables offshore eastward of Chiru village. Good anchorage may be obtained off Chiru in a depth of about 8 fathoms (14m6); it is easy of access, sheltered from the shamál, but open to easterly winds. Landing may be effected, opposite the fort or the village, on a steep-to sandy beach; but during easterly winds it is bad. » #353 The Persian Gulf Pilot 1870 - 1932 8th edition, Archive Editions, Slough, 1989 ~ p. 141
Inset detail of Chíru Surveyed by Comm. H. B. T. Somerville R. N., H. M. S. Sphinx, 1903 in {map#1009 Chart 2837a. Persian Gulf. Eastern Sheet, Constable, Stiffe, Guy, Brucks, 1860, 'Persian Gulf. Eastern Sheet' [1r] (1/2), British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3828/2837a, in Qatar Digital Library}
SOURCE for Chiruyeh
« 14.4 Chiruyeh (26°43'N., 53°45'E.) is a village on the W side of a bay whose W entrance point is Sar-e Chiruyeh (26°42'N., 53°44'E.). The sea breaks on a flat extending offshore between Kalat and Sar-e Chiruyeh. 14.4 The village has a conspicuous fort with a square tower at each corner and a prominent tower standing on the shore 0.4 mile NE of the fort. Sare Chiruyeh is low and steep-to on its S and E sides. A 5.5m shoal extends off the point for about 0.5 mile and less water than is charted is reported 1.5 miles SW of the point. Landing can be made on the steep-to sandy beach opposite the village. Anchorage, open to E winds but sheltered from the shamal, can be taken off the village, in a depth of 14.6m. » #2696 Pub. 172 Sailing Directions (Enroute) Red Sea and The Persian Gulf, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Springfield, Virginia, U.S.A., 2022, ~ p. 294
« The most important anchorages, all open to the shamal, are in the bights fronting the villages of Bandar-e Moghuyeh, Bandar- e Charak, and Nakhilu; those off Chiruyeh, Jazireh-ye Kish, and Jazireh-ye Lavan are all sheltered from the shamal. » #2696 Pub. 172 Sailing Directions (Enroute) Red Sea and The Persian Gulf, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Springfield, Virginia, U.S.A., 2022, ~ p. 293
SOURCE for Cirûh
« Mit Ίλα, einem nicht persisehen, sondern phönikisch- babylonischen Namen, fallt entweder das heutige Fischerdorf Cirûh zusammen oder der kleine Ankerplatz an der Nordküste des gegenüberliegenden Eilandes Hindarâbà, welcher Bäume und Brunnen besitzt. [Either the current fishing village of Cirûh or the small anchorage on the north coast of the opposite island of Hindarâbà, which has trees and wells, coincides with Ίλα, a name that is not Persian but Phoenician-Babylonian.] » #2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890 ~ p. 54
Weiter folgen an der Küstedie Orte Tâbanah تابنه Girah und Kalât-'Obeid; der letzt-genannte liegt auf einem Hügel 250' und hiess vormals Huzû??هزو eine Zwingburg des Seikh von Kiš. Im Hintergrunde??erhebt sich als runde Landmarke der Koh-i-Turungah 5150',Citronenberg. Der letzte Ankerplatz an der Küste gegenüberKiš ist Cirûh mit einem Landvorsprung 30 Miles von Carek,wo die Küste von Karmania ihren natürlichen Abschluss fand, [Further along the coast are the towns of Tâbanah تابنه Girah and Kalât-'Obeid; The latter is located on a hill 250' and was formerly called Huzû?هزو, a stronghold of the Seikh of Kiš. In the background, the Koh-i-Turungah 5150', Citronenberg, rises as a round landmark. The last anchorage on the coast opposite Kiš is Cirûh with a headland 30 miles from Carek, where the coast of Karmania found its natural conclusion,]
SOURCE for Tchirou
« Tchirou » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
« Tchirou a 400 habitants commerçants et marins. Sel, animaux, bois de chauffage. [Tchirou has 400 inhabitants, traders and sailors. Salt, animals, firewood.] » #3329 R. Vadala, Le Golfe Persique, Librairie Arthur Rousseau, 1920 ~ p. 87

R39-021 Djèzè
R39-021 Djèzè : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PRT UFI: -3055121 coordinate: lat 26.8262 long 53.5318
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Jazeh , Bandar-e Jazeh , Bandar-e Jazzeh , Jazah , Jazzeh , بندر جزه ,
VARIANT names: Djeze , Jazah ,
SOURCE for Djeze
« Djèzè » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Jazah

R39-022 Bender-Nakhilou
R39-022 Bender-Nakhilou : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Nakhilu , Nahkilu , Nahkilu , Nakhilu , بندرِ نخيلو , نخيلو ,
VARIANT names: Bandar-e Nakhilu , Bender-Nakhilou , Nachelo , Nakelo , Nakheeloo , Nakhilū , Necchel , Nikilú ,
SOURCE for Bandar-e Nakhilu
« In 1585 the Portuguese suffered a serious reverse at Naklilu, upon the Persian Coast, in attempting to punish the place for obstructing the despatch of supplies to Hormuz. Taken unawares after landing they were driven to their ships with a loss, native auxiliaries probably included, of 250 men. » #660 Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1915 ~ bvol. 1 pt. 1 p. 8
SOURCE for Bender-Nakhilou
« Bender-Nakhilou fn. 2 Résidence d'un chevki, nommé Reham-Ali-Nessour. [fn. 2 Residence of a sheikh, named Reham-Ali-Nessour.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Nachelo
« Laftly, the Schiechs of Nachelo, Nabend, Aaloe, Tahhrie, Schilu, and Konkoun. The inhabitants of Nachelo are eſteemed to be very ſkilful divers. In the city of Kon- koun, the inhabitants of which are of a more pacific character than the other branches of the tribe of Houle, both Jews and Banians refide. » #1845 Pinkerton, John, A general Collection of the best and most interesting Voyages and Travels in all parts of the world, Longmans, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, London, 1811 ~ p. 127
« Niebuhr places Nachelo, the residence of a Sheik, in the river Darabin; and if I had found any resemblance in this name (199) to Okhus, I should have looked to this place for a station; but in the position taken there can be no error of consequence to the journal, except that an addition to the distance Arrian gives between the Darabin and Cape Nabon would be convenient, as his account is at present somewhat in excess. » #852 Vincent, William, The commerce and navigation of the ancients in the Indian Ocean, T. Cadell jun. and W. Davies, London, 1807 ~ vol. 1 p. 380
« Enfin les fchechs de Nachelo, de Nabend d'Aaloe, de Tabrie, de Schilu et de Koukoun. Les habitans de Nachelo paffent pour les meilleurs plongeurs. Dans la ville de Kontorn, dont les habitans font les plus pacifiques des Houles, on trouve des Juifs et des Banians. » #291 Niebuhr, Carsten, Description de l’Arabie d’apre`s les observations et recherches faites dans le pays me^me., S. J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1774 ~ vol. 2 p. 155
« Nachelo » in {map#1035 Sinus Persici maximam partem ad observationes proprias A. MDCCLXV, Carsten Niebuhr, 1765, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Philosophie, histoire, sciences de l'homme, 4-O2G-7 (A)} see AHduGP map 102
SOURCE for Nakelo
« NAKELO, a town on the coast opposite to the Island Schittuar, has a fort and a detached tower for its protection, with regular soundings near the shore; but the anchorage is exposed to N. W. winds, and the town is within a point of land, that forms the south side of an inlet or river. Cheroo, is a village about 4 miles S. E. of Nakelo, and subject to the Sheik of that place. Between them the shore is steep, therefore a ship should not borrow under 15 fathoms, this depth being within of a mile of the shore. » #2590 James Horsburgh, The India Directory Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America, Black, Parbury and Allen, London, 1817: 1852 ~ p. 262
SOURCE for Nakheeloo
« … the information called for by Government on the 17th February 1854, regarding the principal estates within my political control. No mention is therein made of the ports on the Persian Coast between Bushire and Bunder Abbas given below. … Ports. | Tribes. | Names of Chiefs. Nakheeloo (with) dependency). | ….. | Ruled at present by a lady chief. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Nakhilū
« That is because it [Larak] is portless, and thus no large towns can be settled there; its residents would be exposed to great danger from the many Nautaque (71) or Nakhilū (72) corsairs from the coast of Persia and island of Qeshm, as well as from the rest of this Arabian Coast and sea, who regularly ply these waters in their terranquins, wreaking havoc on everything they come across.
fn. 71 Nautaque was the name given by the Portuguese to the Baloch inhabitants of the Makran Coast, Pakistan, between Jask and Gwadur; see Floor, Persian Gulf, 43–46.
fn. 72 The Nakhilū were Huwala, Sunni Arabs who relocated from Arabia to Persia; see Floor, Persian Gulf, 43–46.
» #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 271
« A few days after the bishop of Cyrene arrived in Hormuz from Persia, the captain was notified that several merchants from Nakhilū,(383) Basra, and Qatif were on their way to Hormuz with four or five terranquins full of merchandise and supplies, something they had done many times before.
fn. 383 Bandar-e Nakhilū; see p. 271 n. 11.
2651p494 » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 494
« But this sense of relief proved short lived, for six or seven days later the Persian fleet returned to their previous position, having burned and razed a small village a league from Julpha to the ground, killing fifty or sixty Arabs from Nakhilū (149) without attempting anything against Julpha itself.
fn. 149 Present-day Bandar-e Nakhilū.
» #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 744
SOURCE for Necchel
« When sailing from Bandar Abbas towards Basra, while hugging to the coastline, the next port you reached was Nakhilu. This is not just a geographical observation made for completeness sake, for merchants actually called on the port to do business. Newberie landed at Necchel [Nakhilu] during his voyage in the Persian Gulf in 1584. » #1812 ed. Dejanirah Couto and Rui M. Loureiro, Revisiting Hormuz: Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the Early Modern Period, Harrassowitz, 2008, ~ p. 100
SOURCE for Nikilú
« Não ha muitos annos ~ue no estreito de Ormuz, em a costa da Arabia, houve dIssensões grandes entre duas linhagens de arabios, pescadores de aljofar, que em sua linguagem se chamam cabildas, nomeados uns Alimoeiros e outros Niquelús (1).
fn. 1 Os Alimoeiros conjecturo que serão os da aldeia Limah na costa arabica de Kalhat, ao sul do cabo Mesandan. A costa opposta do Laristan é habitada por diversas tribus de arabes, inüependentes, e sob seus respectivos cheiks. São quasi todos piratas, e vivem em pequenas aldeias na ourela do Golpho Persico. Uma destas é Nikilú, defronte da pequena ilha de Chituar e a poucas leguas de Lara. » [Not many years ago, in the Strait of Hormuz, on the coast of Arabia, there were big differences between two lineages of Arabs, fishermen of aljofar, which in their language are called cabildas, named as Alimoeiros and other Niquelús (1) fn. 1 The Alimoeiros I conjecture to be those of the Limah village on the Arabian coast of Kalhat, south of Cape Mesandan. The opposite coast of Laristan is inhabited by several tribes of Arabs, independent and under their respective sheiks. They are almost all pirates, and they live in small villages on the edge of the Persian Gulf. One of these is Nikilú, opposite the small island of Chituar and a few leagues from Lara.] #712 Francisco Rodrigues Silveira, ed. A. de Sousa Silva Costa Lobo, Memorias de um Soldado da India, Imprensa Nacional-Casa Da Moeda, Lisbon, 1877 ~ p. 45

R39-023 Moughân
R39-023 Moughân : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PRT UFI: -3055131 coordinate: lat 26.9652 long 53.4801
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar Muqam , Bandar-e Maqam , Bandar-e Margam , Bandar-e Moqam , Maqam , Moqam , Muqam , بندر مرگام , بندر مقام , مقام ,
VARIANT names: Bandar Muqam , Magam , Mogam , Moughan ,
SOURCE for Bandar Muqam
« At Bandar Muqam, a small port serving the western valleys of Laristan, there was again evidence of mediaeval maritime intercourse with India and the Far East in the shape of Chinese porcelain among the debris of low mounds adjacent to the Arab Shaikh’s fort. Fortunately this petty chief still retaining some local authority showed his good will by providing such transport as enabled us to follow the route to Shiu along the rocky coast. » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Magam
« Magam » in {map#632 Asia. Persian Gulf, Commander C G Constable and Lieutenant Arthur William Stiffe, 1860, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/W/L/PS/10/457}
SOURCE for Mogam
« Mogam a 300 habitants marins, commerçants et cultivateurs. Sel, poissons, céréales. [Mogam has 300 inhabitants, seafarers, traders and farmers. Salt, fish, cereals.] » #3329 R. Vadala, Le Golfe Persique, Librairie Arthur Rousseau, 1920 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Moughan
« Moughân » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490

R39-024 Bendeh
R39-024 Bendeh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 26.998969 long 53.366998 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Bandar Basatin , Bendeh ,
SOURCE for Bandar Basatin
« Bandar Basatin » in {map#632 Asia. Persian Gulf, Commander C G Constable and Lieutenant Arthur William Stiffe, 1860, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/W/L/PS/10/457}
SOURCE for Bendeh
« Bendèh » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490

R39-025 Tchiou
R39-025 Tchiou : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Shiu' , Bandar-e Shiv , Sheyow , Sheyu , Shiv , Shiveh , Shivuh , بندرِ شيو , شيو ,
VARIANT names: Chiou , Shewar , Sheyu, Shiyu, Shivuh, Shiu , Shiu , Shivuh , Shiwu , Shiwuh , Tchiou ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Shivuh FOR Apóstani [Vincent],
SOURCE for Chiou
« Chiou a 500 habitants marins, pêchetirs de perles et de poissons, cultivateurs, commerçants. Céréales, animaux, sel, poissons. [Chiou has 500 marine inhabitants, pearl and fish fishermen, farmers, traders. Cereals, animals, salt, fish.] » #3329 R. Vadala, Le Golfe Persique, Librairie Arthur Rousseau, 1920 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Shewar
« Shewar » in map #2959 Karl Müller, Tabula in Geographi graeci minores, Firmin-Didot et sociis, Paris, 1882, ~ plate XV
SOURCE for Sheyu, Shiyu, Shivuh, Shiu
« D15 [site ] Shiwu [toponym] Sheyu, Shiyu, Shivuh, Shiu [other variants] Equivalent versions of the same place name, including Sheyu and Shiyu (Adamec, 1989), Shiu (USBGN: 59) and Shivnh (Lorimer, 1908: 1812), are listed and their location is given. The town, which has a fort and a tower, is described as a port for goods traded widely through the Persian Gulf and over to Oman as well as to a route leadmg inland up Gabandi valley (Lorimer, 1908: 1812). [details] 5308 [lat] 2704 [long] 2 [no. of sherds] » #2855 Priestman, Seth M.N., Settlement and ceramics in Southern Iran: An analysis of the Sasanian and Islamic periods in the Williamson collection, Durham these, Durham University, Durham, 2005 ~ p. 368
SOURCE for Shiu
« Fortunately this petty chief still retaining some local authority showed his good will by providing such transport as enabled us to follow the route to Shiu along the rocky coast. Owing to its difficulty and insecurity it appears never to have been surveyed. Even here, in a small cliff-bound bay now frequented only by smuggling hillmen, I found remains of a modest settlement of mediaeval times which had its share in the maritime traffic then prevailing along the Persian Gulf and beyond. » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Shivuh
[Admiralty Chart 3599 15Aug1916 with fort lat 27 04' 30"N long 53 09' 00"E from chart 2837a surveyed by Lieut. F. A. Slocum RN HMS Crocus 1923] in {map#1015 Plans in the Persian Gulf, Bandar Abbas f 474 1, Hanjam Sound f 474 2, Shivuh f 474 3, , 1916, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/1095, f 474 1, in Qatar Digital Library}
[plan detail above gives accurate location of mosque and fort. PBR]
« One of the Shibkuh ports on the Persian Coast ; it is situated about 43 miles south-east of Shivuh and 34 miles west of Charak. Chiru has a fort and a large date-grove, and lies facing the east in a small bay formed by a low sandy projection running southwards from the main line of the Persian coast; the village is a mile north of the point of the promontory. » #660 Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1915 ~ vol. 2 p. 355
SOURCE for Shiwu
« Shiwu » in {map#1016 Persian Gulf. Western Sheet, Constable and Stiffe, 1917, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3828/2837b}
SOURCE for Shiwuh
« Shiwuh » in {map#1234 , , , 'Persia, Afghanistan and Beluchistan' [?26r] (1/2), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F112/623, f 26, in Qatar Digital Library fig. }
« SHIWUH-Lat. 27° 4' 22". Long. 52°8'50". Elev.A bay and village on the coast of Lar, 14 miles north, 15 west, from the north-west end of Bashiab island.The village comprises from fifty to sixty small square houses, built of mud and stone, situated at the foot of a small hill, and round its slope is built their fort, on the summit of which there is an oblong tower, from whence they defend their village against the frequent attacks of their hostile neigh. bours.The inhabitants are hospitable and obliging people, and may be estimated at about three hundred souls, including men, women, and children, out of which they can only raise seventy able men to carry arms in the defence of their fort, to which the whole of the neighbouring villages repair for safety in time of attack.The fort at present is in a very dilapidated state, and is built of mud and stone, with four bastions, and the tower as above mentioned.The whole of the villagers are very poor; they carry on little or no trade with the different parts of the Gulf, having no vessels of their own, and what little they can do in trading is in wheat brought down from the interior and embarked on board some friendly vessel that may may by chance be calling the there. They mostly subsist on the produce of their fisheries, by carrying them to the different inland villages, a journey sometimes of from two to three days; men, women, and children all have their share of this work; the men fishing and carrying home their day's labour, the women and children sorting, salting, and drying them ready for sale. The town they have the most traffic with is called Gabendy, at a distance of three fursaks inland from Shiwu.The Shaikh is chosen by the villagers. The present inhabitants appear to have gradually come in and settled down from different parts of the coast. The language they speak generally is Arabic, but they also speak Persian; still Arabic is their mother tongue, though their manners and appearance would certainly denote a Persian origin.The neighbours they have the most dread of appear to be the sea-faring men from Asilu and its environs, whom they report as always cruising up and down the coast in search of unlawful prizes, and ready to loot any of the weaker vessels they may happen to fall in with.During the summer months the villages of Shiwu are deserted with the exception of four or five men left in charge of the fort; for the inhabitants repair to the interior and cultivate certain fertile grounds to be found in the valleys adjoining the chain of barren hills bordering their coast, and return before the cold weather fairly seta in to store up their winter supplies, and to carry on their fishing trade.Shiwu Bay or Bandar Kalat (called so by the natives owing to the west promontory having been fortified by the Portuguese, of which scattered remains of ruins may be seen to this day) affords shelter to small vessels during north-westerly gales, but is perfectly exposed to the prevailing winds from other quarters, and cannot be recommended as a desirable bay to shelter vessels of a large size, owing to the coast being steep, and vessels having to be in seven to eight fathoms to avoid a heavy swell setting in round the west point.The bay abounds in fish of all description, and fresh provisions, wood, and water can be procured at a moderate rate; but vessels requiring water would have to go with their own boats and casks (as the villagers have no proper conveyance, their boats being of a very small size), and only in moderate weather, as there is no landing place off the village in a north-wester, and the one at the west cape, round a small spit, is difficult to round in heavy weather owing to a heavy surf surf rolling past.The British Political Residency schooner Georgiana, says Warner, "on one occasion sought shelter here during a strong north-westerly gale, rounding the west cape at a distance of a quarter mile in ten fathoms, and bringing up with the cape west by north three quarter north, distant 2 miles, and the village fort east by south, distant 3 miles, and about a quarter mile off shore in seven fathoms good holding ground, sand and shells. Rise and fall 8 feet, S. T."From where the schooner was anchored, a rock above water, and about a quarter mile off shore (not marked on the general charts), with discolouredwater beyond, was discernible running out to some distance, and to the northward and westward of the village. On enquiry I was informed that there was good anchorage for smaller vessels, round and abreast of the rock, from 4 to 24 fathoms, but shoaler to the northward, and that the west cape was always preferred in rough weather."The road by land from Shiwu to Lingah or Bushahr is perfectly safe; horses, camels, and donkeys are procurable at nearly every village; the greater part of the road runs by the sea coast, and the rest between the hills. (Warner.) » #3256 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Gazetteer of Persia Vol. IV, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, 1892 ~ pp. 366-368
SOURCE for Tchiou
« Tchiou » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 vol. 2 p. 491
[Tchiou 5 farsengs from Bendeh which is 2 farseng from Moughân and 8 farsengs before Nabent . PBR]

R39-026 Nabent
R39-026 Nabent : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Naband , Nay Band , Naybandi , Neyband , نابند , نای بند , نایندی , نيبند ,
VARIANT names: Naband , Nabend , Nabent ,
SOURCE for Naband
SOURCE for Nabend
« … the information called for by Government on the 17th February 1854, regarding the principal estates within my political control. No mention is therein made of the ports on the Persian Coast between Bushire and Bunder Abbas given below. … Ports. | Tribes. | Names of Chiefs. Nabend | Ali Boo Khaleef | Shaikh Yoosoof bin Mubaruk. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Nabent
« Nabent » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490

R39-027 Bender-Asselou
R39-027 Bender-Asselou : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Asaluyeh , Asalu , Bandar-e `Asalu , Bandar-e `Asaluyeh , بندر عسلو , بندر عسلویه , عسلويه ,
VARIANT names: Asalu , Asaluyeh , Aseeloo , Aslu , Assaloo , Asselo , Assetou , Bandar 'Aselûh , Bender-Asselou , Tsaloo ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Asalu FOR Ausinza [Gossellin],
SOURCE for Asalu
« En 1590 Gasparo Balbi mentionne « Silaù » sans le décrire. Les auteurs plus récents ne donnent Shilàu que comme un simple hâvre, marquant ainsi qu’ un nouveau degré de sa déchéance avait été franchi. I1 le fut sans doute vers la fin du XVIe siècle. L’expédition safavide qui, sous la conduite d’un ra’is Fàli partit à la conquête de Bahrain au début du XVIIe siècle, embarqua non pas à Shiliiu mais à « Bandar ‘Asalü ».[In 1590 Gasparo Balbi mentions “Silaù” without describing it. More recent authors give Shilàu only as a simple haven, thus marking that a new degree of its decline had been crossed. It was probably around the end of the 16th century. The Safavid expedition which, under the leadership of a ra’is Fàli set out to conquer Bahrain at the beginning of the 17th century, embarked not at Shiliiu but at “Bandar ‘Asalü”.] » #893 Aubin, Jean, La Survie de Shilāu et la route du Khunj-o-Fāl, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1969 7:21-37 ~ pp. 36-7
« Asalu.-Anchorage. This village is situated about one mile north-westward of the northern entrance point of Naband bay and 40 extends along the coast for a distance of about half a mile; there is a large date grove behind the village and a conspicuous though partially destroyed round tower stands on a small hillock some distance north-westward of it. Some of the inhabitants are employed in pearl fishing. A reef extends over half a mile offshore for a distance of about 3 miles north-westward of the northern entrance point of Naband bay; there are depths of 5 and 6 fathoms (9m1 and 11m0) close outside the reef which should not be approached into a depth less than 7 fathoms (12m8). Boats pass over the reef and shelter close to the village in depths rather greater than those on the reef. Anchorage off the village is open to the shamál; the holding ground is poor, and it is necessary to approach with caution as the shore reef is very steep-to. » #353 The Persian Gulf Pilot 1870 - 1932 8th edition, Archive Editions, Slough, 1989 ~ p.151
« Some boats were also taken and destroyed at the ports of Lingeh, Mughu, Asalu and Kangun for which compensation had later to be paid, as Bruce could produce no definite proof of piracy by the people of these places. (64)
fn. 64. Lorimer, op. cit., p. 669. » #6 Hawley, Donald, The Trucial States, Allen and Unwin, London, 1970 ~ p. 114
« Beyond Cape Naband is the territory of a tribe called Al Haram, who were active pearl divers. The Al Haram acquired the island of Bahrain during the first half of the eighteenth century. In the eighteenth century, their westernmost village was Shilau, while Asalu was their most important settlement. The name Asalu is already mentioned in a Dutch document of 1632 as the name of a pearlbank. On a manuscript nautical chart of the Dutch East India Company of the late seventeenth century it is mentioned as a place, together with another place of the Al Haram, Nabon. Asalu was visited in 1672 by the French traveler Carre, who gives a description of the place.(60)
fn. 60 Kniphausen’s report fol. 4-4v (=Floor, ‘Description’, pp. 168-169). Niebuhr, Beschreibung, p. 314, is very summary but on pp. 330-331 some interesting but probably not completely reliable details about the history of the A1 Haram rule over Bahrain. Carre, Travels, vol. 3, p. 832 is the most detailed early text on Asalu. VOC vol. 1113, fol. 225v. mentions Asalu as a centre of pearldivers, already in 1632. It figures on early Dutch maps: ARA VEL 220. The important place ‘Chilau’ on early Portuguese maps probably is not Shilau but Nakhilu. » #1558 Slot, B. J., The Arabs of the Gulf, 1602-1784 : an alternative approach to the early history of the Arab Gulf states and the Arab peoples of the Gulf, mainly based on sources of the Dutch East India Company, 1993 ~ p. 20
« Having settled at Nakhilu this Arab group at the same time acquired their Portuguese name, for Niquelus means, "those of Nakhilu.' Portuguese authors, of course, wrote this name in various ways such as Niquelus, Naquilus, Nihhelus, Nuqueluzes and Niquelas. The name that this Arab group gave to themselves has not been reported. It is my contention that they were part of a larger migratory movement of Arabs coming from Oman to the Persian littoral. In the 17 century this same group of Arabs was known as Hula or Hawala Arabs, meaning 'migrant Arabs'. The reason for this supposition is that in one case the Niquelus are referred to in official corre- spondence as "the Nequeluz [and those of] Asalu." As 'Asalu is a minor port on the Persian littoral and is not synonymous with Nakhilu it means that "those of Asalu" were clearly identified with the Niquelus. A similar situation existed in the 17th and 18 century when the Arabs of Asalu, were identified as Hulas and considered to be part of those of Nakhilu". » #1812 ed. Dejanirah Couto and Rui M. Loureiro, Revisiting Hormuz: Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the Early Modern Period, Harrassowitz, 2008 ~ p. 93
SOURCE for Asaluyeh
« In the 19th century, Kangin flourished. It was ruled by Arab shaikhs of the al-Nusür. The first member of the family to hold power at Kangān was Muhammad. He was succeeded by his son Hätim Khan and he in turn by his son Jabbirah Khän. Jabbarah's son Hasan Khân gained control of Gāvbandi, on the coast of Läristan. The road between Kangan and Gävbandi ran through the bulk of Maliki, the centre of which was Asalüych. The al-Nusür had a long-standing feud with the shaikhs of 'Asaliyeh, who belonged to the al-Haram. In 1283/1866-7 Hasan Khan was travelling from Kangān to Givbandi and stopped near ?Asalūyeh to perform his evening prayers. Here he was seized by Ibrahim, the shaikh of ?Asalūyeh, taken into the town and killed. Hasan was succeeded as ruler of Kangin and Gavbandi by his younger brother, Shaikh Madhkür. In 1284/1867-8 Madhkür assembled a force from Kangin, Galehdar and Gavbandi and, together with government troops and artillery, besieged ?Asalūyeh. The town was taken and destroyed. Shaikh Ibrahim and many of his family were killed. With the destruction of ?Asalūyeh Madhkür controlled the entire coast from Kangān to Gāvbandi -which are 120 km. apart and began to ignore instructions from the Qajar government.
fn. 2 Fasai, Hajji Mirza Hasan, Tarikh-i Färsnämeh-i Nasiri, Tehran 1312-14/1894-6, Vol. II, p. 261. » #3018 Nicholas Lowick, Siraf XV: The Coins and Monumental Inscriptions, British Institute of Persian Studies, 1985 ~ p.8
SOURCE for Aseeloo
« … the information called for by Government on the 17th February 1854, regarding the principal estates within my political control. No mention is therein made of the ports on the Persian Coast between Bushire and Bunder Abbas given below. … Ports. | Tribes. | Names of Chiefs. Aseeloo | Haram | Two brothers, Shaikh Abdoolla bin Khulfan and Shaikh Ahmed bin Khulfan. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Aslu
« Aslu ('Asalu), 1 mile northwestward of the north point of Naband Bay, is an independent town with a population of about 1,000 men of Al Haram Tribe; it extends mile along the coast, and there is a large date grove behind. The people possess many small boats, and take part in the pearl fishery. A conspicuous round tower, now partially destroyed, stands on 2 small hillock about midway between Aslu and Nakhl Takki. Ves- sels should approach both these villages with caution, on account of the reef which here extends from the shore, as mentioned in the Pilot. A reef extends over mile off the coast for 3 miles northwest- ward of the north point of Naband Bay, and there are depths of 5 and 6 fathoms close outside it. Boats pass over the reef and shelter close to Aslu town, in rather more water than there is on the reef. Anchorage off the town is open to shamals. » #2772 United States Hydrographic Office, Persian Gulf Pilot: Comprising the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Omán and the Makran Coast, Hydrographic Office Publication No. 158, The Persian Gulf Pilot, Washington, 1920 ~ p. 250
SOURCE for Assaloo
« Assaloo » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
SOURCE for Asselo
« Friday, 29 July. My Arabs were half dead [with fright] and believed themselves lost; so, to please them, I came nearer the coast, and about ten o'clock in the morning we passed near Asselo³, of which I will speak in another place [vol. ?, ch. vi].
fn. 3 ‘Asselo’ is ‘Asalu on the north of the Naband Bay. References to it will be found in Stein, p. 200; the Persian Gulf Pilot, p 207, and Bom. Govt. Sel., XXIV, 592. » #385 ed. Fawcett, The Travels of the Abbe Carre in India and the near east 1672 to 1674, Hakluyt Society, London, 1947 ~ vol.1 pp. 95
SOURCE for Assetou
« Assetou (57 Bl : 'Asaliiyeh » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006, ~ p. 413
« Assetou » in {map#362 Carte du Golfe Persique depuis Bassora jusqu'au Cap Rasalgate, Guillaume Nicolas Delahaye D'apres De Mannevillette, 1775, Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek (Collectie Bodel Nijenhuis, Portf. 175, n° 108)} see AHduGP map 57
SOURCE for Bandar 'Aselûh
« Weiter folgt Bandar 'Aselûh, eine Araberveste mit Palmen und zahlreichen Booten für Perl- fischerei, und Nakhl-Taki am Fusse der Landmarke Sir-i-Yafal 4870 [Next comes Bandar 'Aselûh, an Arab vestment with palm trees and numerous boats for pearl fishing, and Nakhl-Taki at the foot of the Sir-i-Yafal 4870 landmark. ] » #2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890 vol. 121:issue 8: ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Bender-Asselou
« Bender-Asselou fn. 3 Résidence d'un cheykh arabe nommé Kalfan, de la tribu des Elharem. [fn. 3 Residence of an Arab sheikh named Kalfan, of the Elharem tribe.]» #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Tsaloo
« Tsaloo » in {map#1125 The Coast from Bushire to Basadore, in the Persian Gulf, G.B. Brucks and S.B. Haines, 1828, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3630/27, in Qatar Digital Library}

R39-028 Nakh-eltaki
R39-028 Nakh-eltaki : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Makhi-i-Taqi , Nakhl Takki , Nakhl Taqi , Nakhl-e Taqi , Nakhl-i-Taqi , Tagi , نخل تقی ,
VARIANT names: Nakh-eltaki , Nakhl Takki , Tagi ,
SOURCE for Nakh-eltaki
« Nakh-eltaki » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Nakhl Takki
« Nakhl Takki (Tagi), 2 miles northwestward of Aslue, is a small village, with a fort and tower; there are some date trees near, and two or three large round trees between it and Aslu. A reef extends about 1 mile off-shore here, and there are depths of about 8 fathoms close outside it. The 20-fathom curve is about 1 mile off the coast from Nakhl Takki to Tahiri, 17 miles northwest; the bottom is mud. » #2772 United States Hydrographic Office, Persian Gulf Pilot: Comprising the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Omán and the Makran Coast, Hydrographic Office Publication No. 158, The Persian Gulf Pilot, Washington, 1920 ~ p. 250
SOURCE for Tagi

R39-029 Brok : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Barak , Parak , پرک ,
VARIANT names: Barak , Baruck , Brok ,
SOURCE for Barak
« Barak (Lat. 27° 39' N., Long., 52° 24' E.), situated about 13 miles north-westward of Nakhl Tagi, is a small village with a fort, a square tower, and a date grove. A small village, in which there is a square tower, stands about 2 miles south-eastward of Barak. The coast between Nakhl Tagi and Barak rises steeply to the hills; it is nearly steep-to and has little or no shore reef. A low point projects from the coast line about 2 miles westward of Barak and affords partial shelter from the shamál to boats anchored off the village. » #353 The Persian Gulf Pilot 1870 - 1932 8th edition, Archive Editions, Slough, 1989 ~ p. 152
SOURCE for Baruck
« Baruck » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
SOURCE for Brok
« Brok » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490

R39-030 Tari : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Siraf , Bandar-e Taheri , Bandar-i Tahiri , Siraf , Tabiri , Taheri , Tahiri , بندر سيرف , بندر طاهری , سيرف , طاهری ,
VARIANT names: Chetou , Cheylo , Chilaao , Chilao , Chilao ou Chiraf , Chilau , Chiloe , Chylam , Saraf , Sarif , Schilu , Shilau , Shilau , Shilaw , Shilu , Silaú , Silaw , Siraf , Ssi-lien , Suhriyaj , Suriyanj , Taheri , Tahiree , Tahiri , Tahrie , Tari , Tauhree , Taurie ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Tahiri FOR Chiloe [],
SOURCE for Chetou
« Chetou (57 B) : [Siraf, Shilau] Taheri » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006, ~ p. 417
« Chetou » in {map#362 Carte du Golfe Persique depuis Bassora jusqu'au Cap Rasalgate, Guillaume Nicolas Delahaye D'apres De Mannevillette, 1775, Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek (Collectie Bodel Nijenhuis, Portf. 175, n° 108)} see AHduGP map 57
[ Chetou after Assetou and before C.de Bardistan. PBR]
SOURCE for Cheylo
« In this area, there is some confusion on early European charts and descriptions concerning a place ’Chiloe‘. Near Tahiri, they recorded a place called ‘Chiru’, while more to the East, near Cape Naband, they charted a place ’Shilau’. Also more to the East, there is a rather important place Nakhilu. These seem to have been freely mixed up in old maps and descriptions. Carre calls ’Chiru’ Chirou, ‘Shilau’ Cheylo (the French ch is pronounced as sh and Nakhilu Kailo. (59)
Beyond Cape Naband is the territory of a tribe called A1 Haram, who were active pearl divers. The A1 Haram acquired the island of Bahrain during the first half of the eighteenth century. In the eighteenth century, their westernmost village was Shilau, while Asalu was their most important settlement. The name Asalu is already mentioned in a Dutch document of 1632 as the name of a pearlbank. On a manuscript nautical chart of the Dutch East India Company of the late seventeenth century it is mentioned as a place, together with another place of the A1 Haram, Nabon. Asalu was visited in 1672 by the French traveler Carre, who gives a description of the place.(60)
fn. 59 ‘Chiru’ as such is first seen on Ottens’s map in Slot, Origins, plate 18. In the early nineteenth century, it was already deserted: Brucks in Bombay Selections, pp. xxiv, 591. It is not probable that Chiru is identical with the Chilu, which is a large place on early Portuguese maps, although confusion may have been caused by the difficulties the Portuguese have in distinguishing L and R.
fn. 60 Kniphausen’s report fol. 4-4v (=Floor, ‘Description’, pp. 168-169). Niebuhr, Beschreibung, p. 314, is very summary but on pp. 330-331 some interesting but probably not completely reliable details about the history of the A1 Haram rule over Bahrain. Carre, Travels, vol. 3, p. 832 is the most detailed early text on Asalu. VOC vol. 1113, fol. 225v. mentions Asalu as a centre of pearldivers, already in 1632. It figures on early Dutch maps: ARA VEL 220. The important place ‘Chilau’ on early Portuguese maps probably is not Shilau but Nakhilu. » #1558 Slot, B. J., The Arabs of the Gulf, 1602-1784 : an alternative approach to the early history of the Arab Gulf states and the Arab peoples of the Gulf, mainly based on sources of the Dutch East India Company, 1993 ~ p. 20
SOURCE for Chilaao
mentioned by European travellers of the 16th century, e.g. by Antonio Tenreiro as Chilaao (1528) and Gasparo Balbi as Silau (1590), but subsequent references are to a simple harbour only at the modern village. #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ IX:667b
SOURCE for Chilao
« Chilao (25 B) : [Siriif, Shilau] Taheri » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006, ~ p. 417
« Chilao » in {map#576 15ª carta: Mar Vermelho e Golfo Pérsico, Livro De Marinharia, de João de Lisboa, , 1560, Colecção Cartográfica, n.º 166, Arquivo Nacional, Torre do Tombo, Lisbon, Colecção Cartográfica, n.º 166} see PMC vol. 1 EST 96A and AHduGP map 25
[ Chilao after c. de nabam and before c. de Uerdestão . PBR]
« Along this coast we sailed for thirty-five days, with much toil and trouble. Our provision began to fail; nor could we renew it there, for all that shore is disturbed by the wanton ravages of the Portuguese fustas,(2) which commonly cruize there. When we had got to Chilao near Verdostam, a place in a sound between Point Vedican and the shoals of Kane,(3) the head wind increased and continued. So, perforce, having lost an anchor and cable, and very nearly run on the shore,(1) which was close aboard, the captain gave orders to bear away for Harmuz, and in four days we ran eighty leagues; that we had gained, with much toil, in five-and-thirty.
fn. 2 Small armed vessels, Anglice, “foists.”
fn. 3 Chilao is probably Shilu, “four miles to the westward of Tahiri” (Persian Gulf Pilot, p. 255). Bardistan is not far away, and is on all recent maps and charts. The Point of Vedican is Ras Naband, sheltering Bandar Baid Khan; and the shoals of Kane are certainly those of Ras-al-Mutaf, near whose northern end is Ras-al-Khan – not that this name matters much in their identification, which depends on position.
fn. 1 The fourth use of "dar al travez" for "to run ashore," in the Viage. » #258 Teixeira, Pedro, The Travels of Pedro Teixeira; with his Kings of Harmuz, and extracts from his Kings of Persia. Translated and annotated by W. F. Sinclair ... With further notes and an introduction by D. Ferguson., Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1902:1991 ~
SOURCE for Chilao ou Chiraf
« Chilao ou Chiraf fn. 4 On y voit encore les ruines de quelques maisons européennes. [fn. 4 We can still see the ruins of some European houses there.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Chilau
« CHILAU, vila de - Nome dado por João de Barros a um lugar do litoral norte do golfo Pérsico, sito entre Bushire e o cabo Naband, que não obstante propende- mos a identificar com Shiwuh, em 27' 05' lat. N. e 53° 09' long. E., ao norte e pró- ximo da ilha Sheikh Shuaib. Briga com esta identificação o facto de Barros colocar Chilau entre Bushire e o ras Naband, ou seja uma dúzia de léguas, pelo menos, a noroeste de Shiwuh. Temos porém por provável que o cronista erre a posição de Chilau em relação ao referido cabo, critério que aliás não condena formalmente a hipótese de ser exacta a notícia de Barros e de Chilau corresponder a Salum ou Salum Abadeh, em 28° 26' lat. N. e 51° 08' long. E. [João de Barros-Da Asia].
[CHILAU, village of - Name given by João de Barros to a place on the north coast of the Persian Gulf, located between Bushire and Cape Naband, which we nevertheless tend to identify with Shiwuh, at 27' 05' lat. N. and 53° 09' long. E., to the north and close to the island Sheikh Shuaib. Conflicting with this identification is the fact that Barros places Chilau between Bushire and ras Naband, that is to say a dozen leagues, at least, northwest of Shiwuh. We believe, however, that the chronicler is wrong about Chilau's position in relation to the aforementioned cape, a criterion that does not formally condemn the hypothesis that the news from Barros and Chilau corresponds to Salum or Salum Abadeh, at 28° 26' lat. N. and 51° 08' long. E. [João de Barros-Da Asia].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953 ~ vol. A-C pp. 236-7
SOURCE for Chiloe
Beyond Cape Naband is the territory of a tribe called Al Haram, who were active pearl divers. The Al Haram acquired the island of Bahrain during the first half of the eighteenth century. In the eighteenth century, their westernmost village was Shilau, while Asalu was their most important settlement. The name Asalu is already mentioned in a Dutch document of 1632 as the name of a pearlbank. On a manuscript nautical chart of the Dutch East India Company of the late seventeenth century it is mentioned as a place, together with another place of the Al Haram, Nabon. Asalu was visited in 1672 by the French traveler Carre, who gives a description of the place.(60)
SOURCE for Chylam
« Chylam » in {map#1021 [Carte de l'ocean Indien occidental et du golfe Persique Atlas,fol. 8, Diogo Homem, 1561, Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, (Codex Vindobonensis Palatinus 335 f.8)} see PMC vol. 2 EST 120-126 and AHduGP map 28
SOURCE for Saraf
« Saraf » in {map#917 The empire of the great Turke in Europe, Asia and Africa, William Berry, 1685, National Library of Israel sys. No. 990026261540205171} see AHduGP map 89
SOURCE for Sarif
« Sarif » in {map#979 Indie Orientalie Penisola di qua del gange Larabia el´imperio del Gran Mogol, Nicolas de Fer, 1717, (C.C. 1147 A) Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon} see AHduGP map 70
SOURCE for Schilu
« . Die Awysi-Spitze schliefst die Konkun-Bai auf der Ostseite. Von da geht die Küste in süd-östlicher Erstreckung, wo die Orte Eïenat und Schilú liegen. An dem letztern, der auch Schiraf heiſst, sieht man noch die Ruinen einiger eüropäischen Gebaüde **); dann folgen Tähhrie, Tahrie, Tari in Lat. 27° 42' N. 45), [. The Awysi point closes Konkun Bay on the East side. From there the coast extends in a south-easterly direction, where the places Eïenat and Schilú are located. At the latter, which is also called Schiraf, one can still see the ruins of some European buildings **); then follow Tähhrie, Tahrie, Tari in Lat. 27° 42' N. 45),] » #2908 H. Berghaus, Geo-hydrographisches Memoir zur Erklärung und Erläuterung der reduzirten Karte vom Persischen Golf, Justus Perthes, 1832, ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Shilau
« Dans les textes postérieurs à Yâqüt la forme littéraire arabisée, Sirâf, et la forme populaire d’usage courant, Shilâu, se rencontrent concurremment, mais on n’en peut collectionner qu’un nombre d’exemples infime. Le vocable, en effet, s’il subsiste pour désigner la localité, disparaît comme nom de district, ce qui est un indice très net de la régression du centre urbain. La terminologie géographique et administrative a recours désormais pour dénommer l’ex-territoire du Sirâf, à un autre terme, jusque-là non attesté, mais dès lors représenté avec constance: le nom de Fâl. La chaîne montagneuse qui domine Sirâf, et que la tradition géographique ancienne appelle Jibâl Jamm (du nom du canton de l’hinterland de Sirâf) ou Jibâl Sïrâf est appelée Jibal Fal dans les instructions nautiques de Ibn Mâjid, et encore connue sous une forme altérée de ce nom par les marins modernes, alors que l’agglomération de Fal se trouve dans les terres, à l’est du massif montagneux, à deux journées de marche de Sirâf. [In the texts after Yâqüt the Arabicized literary form, Sirâf, and the popular form in current use, Shilâu, are found concurrently, but only a very small number of examples can be collected. The term, in fact, if it remains to designate the locality, disappears as the name of the district, which is a very clear indication of the regression of the urban center. Geographical and administrative terminology now has recourse to denominate the former territory of Sirâf, to another term, hitherto unattested, but henceforth represented with constancy: the name of Fâl. The mountain range which dominates Sirâf, and which the ancient geographical tradition calls Jibâl Jamm (from the name of the canton of the hinterland of Sirâf) or Jibâl Sïrâf is called Jibal Fal in the nautical instructions of Ibn Mâjid, and still known in an altered form of this name by modern sailors, while the agglomeration of Fal is inland, to the east of the mountain range, two days' walk from Sirâf.] » #893 Aubin, Jean, La Survie de Shilāu et la route du Khunj-o-Fāl, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1969 ~ p.22
« Shilau » in {map#1032 Figure 5 The site [Siraf], , 1970, #1206 Whitehouse, David, Siraf: A Medieval Port on the Persian Gulf, World Archaeology, 1970 (Oct.) Urban Archaeology 2:2:141-58 ~} with coordinates 27.672408° N. 52.330748° E obtained with overlay in GE.
« The key to understanding the history of the postmedieval settlement at Siraf is provided by Yaqut, who recorded that in his day it was known as Shilau. The name Deh-Shilau is still attached to part of the site, although no trace exists of the village "about four miles to the northwest of Taheri", that was known in the last century as Shila (Stiffe 1895: 172). » #3159 Siraf. History, Topography and Environment (The British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series I ):, Oxbow, Oxford, 2009 ~ p. 15
A small village on the coast of the Persian Gulf, 4 miles westward of Tahir in Fars. (Constable-Stiffe-Persian Gulf Pilot.) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt. 2 p. 922
[The coordinate above is some 150 metres west of the Great Mosque ruins. PBR]
« Es verdient Beachtung, dass zu Nearchs Zeit noch keine Spur von dem zur Sasanidenzeit aufgeblühten Hafen Sirâf vorkommt: 20 Miles hinter 'Aselûh bei dem Fischerdorfe Handar Tahiriyah 27° 39' 36" Ν. 52° 20' 40" O. finden sich Ruinen, Grabsteine, Aquäducte und Cisternen, Höhlenwohnungen; 4 Miles weiter erinnert der kleine Ankerplatz Šilûh auch dem Namen nach an das Emporium Kšîrâp, Milch- oder Süsswasser', arab. Siraf سرافvulgo Silaw شیلاو geschrieben auf portugie-sischen Karten Chilão, Xilão, Xilaù, bei Balbi Silaù; bei Niebuhr Šilûh. [It is worth noting that in Nearch's time there is still no trace of the port of Sirâf, which flourished in the Sasanian period: 20 miles behind 'Aselûh near the fishing village of Handar Tahiriyah 27° 39' 36" Ν. 52° 20' 40" E. there are ruins, gravestones, aqueducts and cisterns, cave dwellings; 4 miles further on, the small anchorage of Šilûh, also by name, recalls the emporium Kšîrâp, milk or fresh water', Arabic Siraf سرافvulgo Silaw شیلاو written on Portuguese maps Chilão, Xilão, Xilaù, by Balbi Silaù; by Niebuhr Šilûh.] » #2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890, vol. 121:issue 8: ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Shilaw
«Sirāf was certainly partly ruinous in the early 7th/13th century when Yākūt was there, for he describes it as a small place (bulayd) inhabited by wretched people (sa'alik) and with only vestiges visible of its ancient fine buildings (Buldan, ed. Beirut, iii, 294-5; Irshad, ed. Beirut, viii, 145). It was by this time known as Shilaw. However, the evidence of archaeology and an examination of later sources by Jean Aubin have demonstrated that Sirāf was by no means commercially inactive, but enjoyed a modest, continuing trading life. It served as the outlet for the hinterland region of Khundj u Fal and as a port of departure from this hinterland across the Gulf to Katif [q.v.] and Arabia. Shilaw was known to Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, who may have visited it in 748/1347, crossing the Gulf in this fashion from "Khundju Pal" (ü, 244, tr. Gibb, ii, 407-8). Shilaw is still mentioned by European travellers of the 16th century, e.g. by António Tenreiro as Chilaão (1528) and Gasparo Balbi as Silaú (1590), but subsequent references are to a simple harbour only at the modern village. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 9 p. 668
« He sailed to Shilaw (the local Iranian name of the city of Siraf), where he succeeded in winning over the two local ra'is, Ra'is Nur al-Din and Ra'is Kamal, to whom he was also related. He thus acquired far more formidable allies than the Banu Jabr would have been, as "they owned many vessels and could rely on the archers of the Färs", whilst the Banu Jabr were people of the interior and the desert with no experience at sea. (5)
fn. 5 The term "Ra is" is used by Nimdihi as a title and reflects the original conception of "commander" of a local fortress and garrison. Nimdihi, Tabaqat, p. 880. Cf. also Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, História dos Descobrimentos e Conquista da India pelos Portugueses, ed. Manuel Lopes de Almeida (2 vols., Porto, 1979), vol. 2, p. 39; and João de Barros, Da Ásia, ed. Nicolau Pagliarini (8 vols., Lisboa, 1973), dec. 2, bk. 2, ch. 2. With regard to the place name "Shilaw", it should be pointed out that the decline of the magnificent, ancient city-harbour of Siraf had not led to the complete disappearance of the settlement. It had continued on a smaller scale as a fishing village and shipyard. It is mentioned for its inhabitants' skill in constructing the typical local vessels. Apart from this, Shilaw-Siraf was also the seat of a garrison dependent on the ruler of Hormuz. The Iranian form of Shilaw recurs in both Portuguese and Persian chronicles and is described as the seat of a powerful fortress and land-based garrison of the malik of Hormuz. #1812 ed. Dejanirah Couto and Rui M. Loureiro, Revisiting Hormuz: Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the Early Modern Period, Harrassowitz, 2008, ~ p. 6 (Valeria Fiorani Piacentini, Salghur Shah, malik of Hormuz, and his embargo of Iranian harbours (1475-1505))
« Shilaw » in {map#1125 The Coast from Bushire to Basadore, in the Persian Gulf, G.B. Brucks and S.B. Haines, 1828, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3630/27, in Qatar Digital Library} [This map shows Shilaw some 3 miles west of Taurie but there is no modern equivalent village. PBR]
SOURCE for Shilu
fn. 1 The fourth use of "dar al travez" for "to run ashore," in the Viage. » #258 Teixeira, Pedro, The Travels of Pedro Teixeira; with his Kings of Harmuz, and extracts from his Kings of Persia. Translated and annotated by W. F. Sinclair ... With further notes and an introduction by D. Ferguson., Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1902:1991 ~ pp. 22-23
SOURCE for Silaú
« S_h_ilāw is still mentioned by European travellers of the 16th century, e.g. by António Tenreiro as Chilaão (1528) and Gasparo Balbi as Silaú (1590), but subsequent references are to a simple harbour only at the modern village » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ p. 668
SOURCE for Silaw
« De ce cap Nabao jusqu’à la ville (vila) de Reixete (RaySahr), où se jette le fleuve Rodom (Rudan), la terre se fait courbe à la manière d’une baie, distance qui sera de quarante lieues, sur laquelle sont ces villes (vilas): Bedicane (Bidbün), Chilau (Silaw) et le cap de Verdeitao (Bardistàn) » #898 Aubin, Jean, Le royaume d'Ormuz au début du XVIe siècle, Mare Luso-Indicum, Geneva, 1973 ~ p. 101
SOURCE for Siraf
« The city and port of Siraf gradually replaced Basra and Uballah by the middle decades of the ninth century. Archaeological evidence confirms Siraf's rise at this time, noting the building of its Mosque and other structures and the presence of kilns and docking facilities during this period.(21) Furthermore, according to Ibn Khurdgdhbih (A .D. 844 -848), Jewish merchants from Siraf were actively trading both in the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean commercial world with increasing frequency.(22) Ibn al-Faqih (ca. A .D. 850) wrote that Sirafi ships traded with India: SulaimZn the Merchant recorded that goods bound for China were being sent from Siraf to Muscat and Quilon (Kulam Malay). (23) Abu Zaid (ca. A .D. 877 -915), himself a merchant from Siraf, noted that Sirafi merchants visited Jidda in the Red Sea and the Zanzibar coast.(24) Finally, Hamza b, a1 -Hasan al-Iqfahani (A .D. 893 -970) relates the report of Hasan b. 'Amr al-Sirāf, a merchant from Siraf, who visited the land of Kanam in the Sudan.(25)
fn. 20. G.B. Kempthorne, "A Narrative of a Visit to the Ruins of Tahrie, the Sup- posed Site of the Ancient City of Siraff," Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society, XIII (March, 1856-1857), 125-140. See Hajj Mirzaa Hasan Husayni Fasa T, Fars-namih-yi Nasiri (Tehran, 1313/1895-1896), II, 224, where Siraf is identified as Bandar Tahiri in the district of Bandar Kingan on the Zuhayr Coast (G. LeStrange, Lands of the Eastern Caliphate, 249). See also A. W. Stiffe, "Ancient Trading Centers of the Persian Gulf: 1, Sträf," Geographical Journal [hereafter GJ]. VI (1895), 166-173; A. Lamb, "A Visit to Siraf," JRAS (Malayan Branch), XXXVII (1964), 1-19; G. Ferrand, Relations de voyages et textes geographiques arabes, persans, et turk relatifs à l'extrème-orient du VIIle au XVIIIe siècles (Paris, 1913), 1, 1-3; and Muhammad Taqi Mustafavi, "Agar-1 Bästäni dar Khalij-i Fårs (Ancient Remnants in the Persian Gulf), " in R. Shafaq et al., eds., Siminär, II, 108-109.
fn. 21. Whitehouse, "Second Interim Report," 46-53.
fn. 22. Ibn Khurdadhbih, Al-Masalik wa-al-Mamalik, M.J. de Goefe, ed., Biblio- theca Geographorum Arabicorum, 2nd ed. (Leiden, 1967), VI, 41. See also Toussaint, Indian Ocean, 49; and B. Lewis, "The Muslim Discovery of Eu- rope," BSOAS, XX (1957), 410.
fn. 23. Whitehouse, "First Interim Report," 2, n. 4; A. Stein, Archaeological Reconnaissances in North Western India and South Eastern Iran (London, 1937), 202-212; and A. Wilson, South West Persia (London, 1942), 94.
fn. 24. G. Ferrand, Voyage du marchand arabe Sulayman en Inde et en Chine redige en 851 suivi de remarques par Abu Zayd Hasan (vers 916) (Paris, 1922). 130. See also A.S.S. Nadvi, Arab Navigation, 'Abdur Rahman, trans. (Lahore. 1966), 130.
fn. 25. Sharaf al-Zaman Tahir Marvazi on China, the Turks, and India, V. Minorsky, trans. and ed. (London, 1942), 54. See C. Brockelmann, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur (Leiden, 1943-1949), I, 145; ibid... Supplementband (Leiden, 1937-1942), 1, 117, 221. » #1196 Ricks, Thomas M., Persian Gulf Seafaring and East Africa: Ninth-Twelfth Centuries, African Historical Studies, Boston, 1970 ~ pp. 344-5
« During the decline of Siraf and a period of heavy maritime raiding in the eleventh century, the merchant communities of Fars also moved south to Qays, Hormuz, and the Omani seaboard, and other Gulf communities moved south to East Africa, often referred to as “Shirazi” emigrants. » #2622 Eric Staples:, Oman and Islamic Maritime Networks (632–1507 CE), ~ p. 99
« The ruins of the old city of Siraf lie to the west of the village, and extend for perhaps two miles along the shore. They are mere heaps of rough masonry ; foundations in situ are to be seen, especially where cut through by water-courses, or exposed by the action of the sea, for the ruins extend from the wateI's edge tar up the slope of the foothills. The waterourses through the city have been walled in, where required. Among the debris are numerous ruined water-cisterns, constructed in the style still prevailing in the country - oblong chambers excavated in the ground, lined with cement or gypsum, and arched over to prevent evaporation. The arched coverings have mostly fallen in, and the cisterns are more or less choked up. There are also many wells among the heaps of debris. The whole extent of the ruins is strewed with broken pottery, including many fragments of Chinese porcelain. » #571 Stiffe, A. W., Ancient Trading Centres of the Persian Gulf, I. Siraf, The Geographical Journal, London, 1895 (Aug.) 6:2:166-73 ~ pp. 167-8
« We travelled on from there to the city of Qais, also called Sirāf. (138) It is on the coast of the Indian Sea, which connects with the sea of al-Yaman and [that of] Fars, and it is reckoned as one of the districts of Fars. [It is] a city of wide extent, commodious, in a rich country-side, and with wonderful gardens of scented herbs and leafy trees amongst its houses. fn. 138 The confusion of Qais with Siräf here arises from Ibn Battū?a's habit of occasionally combining literary reminiscences with his personal experi- ences. As is clear from above, n. 127, he was well aware that Qais was an island, and it was still relatively flourishing at this time. His description, in fact, applies much more accurately to Qais than to Siraf, where there were scarcely any trees or cultivation and most of its water had to be carried in (Schwarz, II, 59-64, 88-9). Down to the tenth century, however, Sirāf had been the richest trading port on the Persian Gulf; it was destroyed by an earthquake in 977, and never recovered. Its site, near the modern Tahiri, 20 miles west of Gallah-Dar, has been examined by Sir Aurel Stein (202-12, with plan). Schwarz suggests that Ibn Battuta confused Sirāf with Charak, on the coast, north-east of Qais, but it is doubtful whether Chārak existed by name at that time, and the route from Khunj to Qais (Mustawfi, 176) ran not to Charak, but to Hüzü, identified by Le Strange with modern Chiru. Indeed, no major town is known to have existed at this time on the Lär coast (see the next note).139 One section of the coastal region called Irähistan is called by the Arab geographers Sif Bani'l-Saffäq; this was apparently the coast of Lar (Schwarz, II, 75-6). The Banu'l-Saffaq (or Saffaf or Saffär) were Arabs from 'Omān, long established on the coast of Fars (Bibl. Geog. Arab., I, 141). 140 This account is obviously at secondhand, since Ibn Ba??ū?a seems never to have been in the region at the pearling season, and there is a characteristic mixture of exact fact and exaggerations or misinformation in his statement. His location of the pearl beds is so vague as to be unidentifi- able, and was indeed probably as vague in his own mind. On the east shore of the Gulf the principal pearl-fisheries at this time appear to have been in the vicinity of Lar (or Lārān) Island and at Khor Shif (Aubin, JA (1953), 101), but the location of this place in turn is not precisely known. The term khôr may, however, underlie Ibn Ba??ū?a's picture of 'a calm channel like a great river'. » #357 Ibn Baṭu¯ṭah, Muh?ammad ibn ʿAbd Alla¯h, The Travels of Ibn Battuta translated with revisions and notes, from the Arabic text edited by C. Defre´mery and B. R. Sanguinetti, by H. A. R. Gibb., Hakluyt Society:Munshiram Manohardal Publishers Pvt Ltd, Cambridge:New Delhi, 1958- :1993, ~ vol. 2 pp. 407-408
SOURCE for Ssi-lien
« Ssi-lién (思?), may very likely be Siraf ( سیراف ) on the Persian Gulf, which in the ninth and Centuries was the starting-point of the Arab ships engaged in the Indian and Chinese trade. It may, however, be Shiraz. Our author makes no other reference to it. » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 117, 122 note 13
SOURCE for Suhriyaj
« what Baladhuri adds, apparently incidentally and still referring to the well-equipped fortress, and that is, that «some peoples of the Fars told him that this was the fortification (hisn) of Siraf, then called Suriyanj ( سوریانج ) by the Persians and renamed Shahriyaj by the Arabs ( شهرياج )(18). The isnad to which Baladhuri refers is a reliable isnad.
It is interesting to note that Yaqut too (in his “Geographical Dictionary”) mentions Suhriyaj ( سهرياج ) - Suriyanj ( سوریانج ); and his account repeats almost word for word the episode of the arrow and of the aman thrown into the citadel by a Moslem slave, while the troops of the caliph 'Umar were vainly besieging it. The tradition is attributed to the same Fudhayl (or Fadhil) b. Zayd al-Raqqashi mentioned by Baladhuri. But Yaqut does not link this site with Siraf, even though he concludes, « certain authors say that the old name of this citadel of Siran ( سيران , a possible corruption of Siraf?) is Suriyanj, changed by the Arabs into Suriya) One must however bear in mind that Yaqut lived between the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth, a full four centuries later than Baladhuri. »
#348 Piacentini, Valeria Fiorani, Merchants - Merchandise and Military Power in the Persian Gulf (Suriyanj/Shahriya-Siraf), Atti Della Accademia Nazionale Dei Lincei, Rome, 1992, ANL Memorie Della Classe Di Scienze Morali, Storiche E Filologiche Memorie serie IX, vol.III, fasc. 2 ~ p. 125
SOURCE for Suriyanj
see source « Suhriyaj » above
SOURCE for Taheri
« This is the sea frontier of the ancient province of Fars. This coast is a narrow land strip lying between the sea and the foothills of the Zagros Mountains,not exceeding generally a few miles in width (half a mile near Siraf/Taheri). » #2809 R. Boucharlat, J.-F. Salles, The History and Archaeology of The Gulf From The Fifth Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D.: A Review Of The Evidence, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, London, 1981 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Tahiree
« Just below the port of Kangoon, which is immediately under this Barn Hill, is a port called Tauhree, or Tahiree, where extensive ruins are spoken of, with sculptures and inscriptions in the Persepolitan character. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 435-6
SOURCE for Tahiri
« My intention was to follow the coast-line as close as practicable up to Tahiri, the site of the old port of Siraf, which had played a very important part in the history of Persia's maritime trade during the early Islamic period. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937 ~ p. 193
« The modern village of Tahiri is a small village inhabited by fishermen, chiefly pearl-fishers, of Arab descent, 200 to 300 in number. It is an insignificant place, and has a small square fort on a little hill at the west end, which is in lat. 27' 39' 36" N., long. 52' 20' 40" E., standing on the shore of the Persian Gulf, at the foot of a range of mountains rising to a height of near 5000 feet, and running parallel to the coast. » #571 Stiffe, A. W., Ancient Trading Centres of the Persian Gulf, I. Siraf, The Geographical Journal, London, 1895 (Aug.) ~ p. 167
SOURCE for Tahrie
« Tahrie » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
SOURCE for Tari
« Tari » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Tauhree
see source for « Tahiree » above
SOURCE for Taurie
« Taurie, in lat. 27° 38' 52' N., long. 52° 16' 40" E., is a small town, situated in a bay, affording excellent shelter in a north-wester, and indifferently good in south-easters. It is inhabited by about three hun-dred and fifty Arabs of the Nussoor Tribe; affords a few supplies, and has excellent water. To the NW. of the town are very extensive ruins, said to have been a Portuguese town: if so, it must have been one of importance, from the appearance of the ruins. In many parts the rock has been excavated for residences in the hot season, and the pass in the hills appears to have been fortified in a manner much beyond the abilities of the natives, at least of the present day. Wells have been also sunk to the depth of forty or fifty fathoms, through the rock. Very high up on the hills reservoirs in ruins are very numerous. On the whole, it has all the appearance of having been a large and flourishing town. Several trading boats of various sizes belong to Taurie. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ pp. 591-2

R39-031 Chilao ou Chiraf
R39-031 Chilao ou Chiraf : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Siraf , Bandar-e Taheri , Bandar-i Tahiri , Siraf , Tabiri , Taheri , Tahiri , بندر سيرف , بندر طاهری , سيرف , طاهری ,
VARIANT names: Chetou , Cheylo , Chilaao , Chilao , Chilao ou Chiraf , Chilau , Chiloe , Chylam , Saraf , Sarif , Schilu , Shilau , Shilau , Shilaw , Shilu , Silaú , Silaw , Siraf , Ssi-lien , Suhriyaj , Suriyanj , Taheri , Tahiree , Tahiri , Tahrie , Tari , Tauhree , Taurie ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Tahiri FOR Chiloe [],
SOURCE for Chetou
« Chetou (57 B) : [Siraf, Shilau] Taheri » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006, ~ p. 417
« Chetou » in {map#362 Carte du Golfe Persique depuis Bassora jusqu'au Cap Rasalgate, Guillaume Nicolas Delahaye D'apres De Mannevillette, 1775, Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek (Collectie Bodel Nijenhuis, Portf. 175, n° 108)} see AHduGP map 57
[ Chetou after Assetou and before C.de Bardistan. PBR]
SOURCE for Cheylo
« In this area, there is some confusion on early European charts and descriptions concerning a place ’Chiloe‘. Near Tahiri, they recorded a place called ‘Chiru’, while more to the East, near Cape Naband, they charted a place ’Shilau’. Also more to the East, there is a rather important place Nakhilu. These seem to have been freely mixed up in old maps and descriptions. Carre calls ’Chiru’ Chirou, ‘Shilau’ Cheylo (the French ch is pronounced as sh and Nakhilu Kailo. (59)
Beyond Cape Naband is the territory of a tribe called A1 Haram, who were active pearl divers. The A1 Haram acquired the island of Bahrain during the first half of the eighteenth century. In the eighteenth century, their westernmost village was Shilau, while Asalu was their most important settlement. The name Asalu is already mentioned in a Dutch document of 1632 as the name of a pearlbank. On a manuscript nautical chart of the Dutch East India Company of the late seventeenth century it is mentioned as a place, together with another place of the A1 Haram, Nabon. Asalu was visited in 1672 by the French traveler Carre, who gives a description of the place.(60)
fn. 59 ‘Chiru’ as such is first seen on Ottens’s map in Slot, Origins, plate 18. In the early nineteenth century, it was already deserted: Brucks in Bombay Selections, pp. xxiv, 591. It is not probable that Chiru is identical with the Chilu, which is a large place on early Portuguese maps, although confusion may have been caused by the difficulties the Portuguese have in distinguishing L and R.
fn. 60 Kniphausen’s report fol. 4-4v (=Floor, ‘Description’, pp. 168-169). Niebuhr, Beschreibung, p. 314, is very summary but on pp. 330-331 some interesting but probably not completely reliable details about the history of the A1 Haram rule over Bahrain. Carre, Travels, vol. 3, p. 832 is the most detailed early text on Asalu. VOC vol. 1113, fol. 225v. mentions Asalu as a centre of pearldivers, already in 1632. It figures on early Dutch maps: ARA VEL 220. The important place ‘Chilau’ on early Portuguese maps probably is not Shilau but Nakhilu. » #1558 Slot, B. J., The Arabs of the Gulf, 1602-1784 : an alternative approach to the early history of the Arab Gulf states and the Arab peoples of the Gulf, mainly based on sources of the Dutch East India Company, 1993 ~ p. 20
SOURCE for Chilaao
mentioned by European travellers of the 16th century, e.g. by Antonio Tenreiro as Chilaao (1528) and Gasparo Balbi as Silau (1590), but subsequent references are to a simple harbour only at the modern village. #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ IX:667b
SOURCE for Chilao
« Chilao (25 B) : [Siriif, Shilau] Taheri » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006, ~ p. 417
« Chilao » in {map#576 15ª carta: Mar Vermelho e Golfo Pérsico, Livro De Marinharia, de João de Lisboa, , 1560, Colecção Cartográfica, n.º 166, Arquivo Nacional, Torre do Tombo, Lisbon, Colecção Cartográfica, n.º 166} see PMC vol. 1 EST 96A and AHduGP map 25
[ Chilao after c. de nabam and before c. de Uerdestão . PBR]
« Along this coast we sailed for thirty-five days, with much toil and trouble. Our provision began to fail; nor could we renew it there, for all that shore is disturbed by the wanton ravages of the Portuguese fustas,(2) which commonly cruize there. When we had got to Chilao near Verdostam, a place in a sound between Point Vedican and the shoals of Kane,(3) the head wind increased and continued. So, perforce, having lost an anchor and cable, and very nearly run on the shore,(1) which was close aboard, the captain gave orders to bear away for Harmuz, and in four days we ran eighty leagues; that we had gained, with much toil, in five-and-thirty.
fn. 2 Small armed vessels, Anglice, “foists.”
fn. 3 Chilao is probably Shilu, “four miles to the westward of Tahiri” (Persian Gulf Pilot, p. 255). Bardistan is not far away, and is on all recent maps and charts. The Point of Vedican is Ras Naband, sheltering Bandar Baid Khan; and the shoals of Kane are certainly those of Ras-al-Mutaf, near whose northern end is Ras-al-Khan – not that this name matters much in their identification, which depends on position.
fn. 1 The fourth use of "dar al travez" for "to run ashore," in the Viage. » #258 Teixeira, Pedro, The Travels of Pedro Teixeira; with his Kings of Harmuz, and extracts from his Kings of Persia. Translated and annotated by W. F. Sinclair ... With further notes and an introduction by D. Ferguson., Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1902:1991 ~
SOURCE for Chilao ou Chiraf
« Chilao ou Chiraf fn. 4 On y voit encore les ruines de quelques maisons européennes. [fn. 4 We can still see the ruins of some European houses there.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Chilau
« CHILAU, vila de - Nome dado por João de Barros a um lugar do litoral norte do golfo Pérsico, sito entre Bushire e o cabo Naband, que não obstante propende- mos a identificar com Shiwuh, em 27' 05' lat. N. e 53° 09' long. E., ao norte e pró- ximo da ilha Sheikh Shuaib. Briga com esta identificação o facto de Barros colocar Chilau entre Bushire e o ras Naband, ou seja uma dúzia de léguas, pelo menos, a noroeste de Shiwuh. Temos porém por provável que o cronista erre a posição de Chilau em relação ao referido cabo, critério que aliás não condena formalmente a hipótese de ser exacta a notícia de Barros e de Chilau corresponder a Salum ou Salum Abadeh, em 28° 26' lat. N. e 51° 08' long. E. [João de Barros-Da Asia].
[CHILAU, village of - Name given by João de Barros to a place on the north coast of the Persian Gulf, located between Bushire and Cape Naband, which we nevertheless tend to identify with Shiwuh, at 27' 05' lat. N. and 53° 09' long. E., to the north and close to the island Sheikh Shuaib. Conflicting with this identification is the fact that Barros places Chilau between Bushire and ras Naband, that is to say a dozen leagues, at least, northwest of Shiwuh. We believe, however, that the chronicler is wrong about Chilau's position in relation to the aforementioned cape, a criterion that does not formally condemn the hypothesis that the news from Barros and Chilau corresponds to Salum or Salum Abadeh, at 28° 26' lat. N. and 51° 08' long. E. [João de Barros-Da Asia].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953 ~ vol. A-C pp. 236-7
SOURCE for Chiloe
Beyond Cape Naband is the territory of a tribe called Al Haram, who were active pearl divers. The Al Haram acquired the island of Bahrain during the first half of the eighteenth century. In the eighteenth century, their westernmost village was Shilau, while Asalu was their most important settlement. The name Asalu is already mentioned in a Dutch document of 1632 as the name of a pearlbank. On a manuscript nautical chart of the Dutch East India Company of the late seventeenth century it is mentioned as a place, together with another place of the Al Haram, Nabon. Asalu was visited in 1672 by the French traveler Carre, who gives a description of the place.(60)
SOURCE for Chylam
« Chylam » in {map#1021 [Carte de l'ocean Indien occidental et du golfe Persique Atlas,fol. 8, Diogo Homem, 1561, Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, (Codex Vindobonensis Palatinus 335 f.8)} see PMC vol. 2 EST 120-126 and AHduGP map 28
SOURCE for Saraf
« Saraf » in {map#917 The empire of the great Turke in Europe, Asia and Africa, William Berry, 1685, National Library of Israel sys. No. 990026261540205171} see AHduGP map 89
SOURCE for Sarif
« Sarif » in {map#979 Indie Orientalie Penisola di qua del gange Larabia el´imperio del Gran Mogol, Nicolas de Fer, 1717, (C.C. 1147 A) Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon} see AHduGP map 70
SOURCE for Schilu
« . Die Awysi-Spitze schliefst die Konkun-Bai auf der Ostseite. Von da geht die Küste in süd-östlicher Erstreckung, wo die Orte Eïenat und Schilú liegen. An dem letztern, der auch Schiraf heiſst, sieht man noch die Ruinen einiger eüropäischen Gebaüde **); dann folgen Tähhrie, Tahrie, Tari in Lat. 27° 42' N. 45), [. The Awysi point closes Konkun Bay on the East side. From there the coast extends in a south-easterly direction, where the places Eïenat and Schilú are located. At the latter, which is also called Schiraf, one can still see the ruins of some European buildings **); then follow Tähhrie, Tahrie, Tari in Lat. 27° 42' N. 45),] » #2908 H. Berghaus, Geo-hydrographisches Memoir zur Erklärung und Erläuterung der reduzirten Karte vom Persischen Golf, Justus Perthes, 1832, ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Shilau
« Dans les textes postérieurs à Yâqüt la forme littéraire arabisée, Sirâf, et la forme populaire d’usage courant, Shilâu, se rencontrent concurremment, mais on n’en peut collectionner qu’un nombre d’exemples infime. Le vocable, en effet, s’il subsiste pour désigner la localité, disparaît comme nom de district, ce qui est un indice très net de la régression du centre urbain. La terminologie géographique et administrative a recours désormais pour dénommer l’ex-territoire du Sirâf, à un autre terme, jusque-là non attesté, mais dès lors représenté avec constance: le nom de Fâl. La chaîne montagneuse qui domine Sirâf, et que la tradition géographique ancienne appelle Jibâl Jamm (du nom du canton de l’hinterland de Sirâf) ou Jibâl Sïrâf est appelée Jibal Fal dans les instructions nautiques de Ibn Mâjid, et encore connue sous une forme altérée de ce nom par les marins modernes, alors que l’agglomération de Fal se trouve dans les terres, à l’est du massif montagneux, à deux journées de marche de Sirâf. [In the texts after Yâqüt the Arabicized literary form, Sirâf, and the popular form in current use, Shilâu, are found concurrently, but only a very small number of examples can be collected. The term, in fact, if it remains to designate the locality, disappears as the name of the district, which is a very clear indication of the regression of the urban center. Geographical and administrative terminology now has recourse to denominate the former territory of Sirâf, to another term, hitherto unattested, but henceforth represented with constancy: the name of Fâl. The mountain range which dominates Sirâf, and which the ancient geographical tradition calls Jibâl Jamm (from the name of the canton of the hinterland of Sirâf) or Jibâl Sïrâf is called Jibal Fal in the nautical instructions of Ibn Mâjid, and still known in an altered form of this name by modern sailors, while the agglomeration of Fal is inland, to the east of the mountain range, two days' walk from Sirâf.] » #893 Aubin, Jean, La Survie de Shilāu et la route du Khunj-o-Fāl, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1969 ~ p.22
« Shilau » in {map#1032 Figure 5 The site [Siraf], , 1970, #1206 Whitehouse, David, Siraf: A Medieval Port on the Persian Gulf, World Archaeology, 1970 (Oct.) Urban Archaeology 2:2:141-58 ~} with coordinates 27.672408° N. 52.330748° E obtained with overlay in GE.
« The key to understanding the history of the postmedieval settlement at Siraf is provided by Yaqut, who recorded that in his day it was known as Shilau. The name Deh-Shilau is still attached to part of the site, although no trace exists of the village "about four miles to the northwest of Taheri", that was known in the last century as Shila (Stiffe 1895: 172). » #3159 Siraf. History, Topography and Environment (The British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series I ):, Oxbow, Oxford, 2009 ~ p. 15
A small village on the coast of the Persian Gulf, 4 miles westward of Tahir in Fars. (Constable-Stiffe-Persian Gulf Pilot.) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt. 2 p. 922
[The coordinate above is some 150 metres west of the Great Mosque ruins. PBR]
« Es verdient Beachtung, dass zu Nearchs Zeit noch keine Spur von dem zur Sasanidenzeit aufgeblühten Hafen Sirâf vorkommt: 20 Miles hinter 'Aselûh bei dem Fischerdorfe Handar Tahiriyah 27° 39' 36" Ν. 52° 20' 40" O. finden sich Ruinen, Grabsteine, Aquäducte und Cisternen, Höhlenwohnungen; 4 Miles weiter erinnert der kleine Ankerplatz Šilûh auch dem Namen nach an das Emporium Kšîrâp, Milch- oder Süsswasser', arab. Siraf سرافvulgo Silaw شیلاو geschrieben auf portugie-sischen Karten Chilão, Xilão, Xilaù, bei Balbi Silaù; bei Niebuhr Šilûh. [It is worth noting that in Nearch's time there is still no trace of the port of Sirâf, which flourished in the Sasanian period: 20 miles behind 'Aselûh near the fishing village of Handar Tahiriyah 27° 39' 36" Ν. 52° 20' 40" E. there are ruins, gravestones, aqueducts and cisterns, cave dwellings; 4 miles further on, the small anchorage of Šilûh, also by name, recalls the emporium Kšîrâp, milk or fresh water', Arabic Siraf سرافvulgo Silaw شیلاو written on Portuguese maps Chilão, Xilão, Xilaù, by Balbi Silaù; by Niebuhr Šilûh.] » #2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890, vol. 121:issue 8: ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Shilaw
«Sirāf was certainly partly ruinous in the early 7th/13th century when Yākūt was there, for he describes it as a small place (bulayd) inhabited by wretched people (sa'alik) and with only vestiges visible of its ancient fine buildings (Buldan, ed. Beirut, iii, 294-5; Irshad, ed. Beirut, viii, 145). It was by this time known as Shilaw. However, the evidence of archaeology and an examination of later sources by Jean Aubin have demonstrated that Sirāf was by no means commercially inactive, but enjoyed a modest, continuing trading life. It served as the outlet for the hinterland region of Khundj u Fal and as a port of departure from this hinterland across the Gulf to Katif [q.v.] and Arabia. Shilaw was known to Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, who may have visited it in 748/1347, crossing the Gulf in this fashion from "Khundju Pal" (ü, 244, tr. Gibb, ii, 407-8). Shilaw is still mentioned by European travellers of the 16th century, e.g. by António Tenreiro as Chilaão (1528) and Gasparo Balbi as Silaú (1590), but subsequent references are to a simple harbour only at the modern village. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 9 p. 668
« He sailed to Shilaw (the local Iranian name of the city of Siraf), where he succeeded in winning over the two local ra'is, Ra'is Nur al-Din and Ra'is Kamal, to whom he was also related. He thus acquired far more formidable allies than the Banu Jabr would have been, as "they owned many vessels and could rely on the archers of the Färs", whilst the Banu Jabr were people of the interior and the desert with no experience at sea. (5)
fn. 5 The term "Ra is" is used by Nimdihi as a title and reflects the original conception of "commander" of a local fortress and garrison. Nimdihi, Tabaqat, p. 880. Cf. also Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, História dos Descobrimentos e Conquista da India pelos Portugueses, ed. Manuel Lopes de Almeida (2 vols., Porto, 1979), vol. 2, p. 39; and João de Barros, Da Ásia, ed. Nicolau Pagliarini (8 vols., Lisboa, 1973), dec. 2, bk. 2, ch. 2. With regard to the place name "Shilaw", it should be pointed out that the decline of the magnificent, ancient city-harbour of Siraf had not led to the complete disappearance of the settlement. It had continued on a smaller scale as a fishing village and shipyard. It is mentioned for its inhabitants' skill in constructing the typical local vessels. Apart from this, Shilaw-Siraf was also the seat of a garrison dependent on the ruler of Hormuz. The Iranian form of Shilaw recurs in both Portuguese and Persian chronicles and is described as the seat of a powerful fortress and land-based garrison of the malik of Hormuz. #1812 ed. Dejanirah Couto and Rui M. Loureiro, Revisiting Hormuz: Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the Early Modern Period, Harrassowitz, 2008, ~ p. 6 (Valeria Fiorani Piacentini, Salghur Shah, malik of Hormuz, and his embargo of Iranian harbours (1475-1505))
« Shilaw » in {map#1125 The Coast from Bushire to Basadore, in the Persian Gulf, G.B. Brucks and S.B. Haines, 1828, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3630/27, in Qatar Digital Library} [This map shows Shilaw some 3 miles west of Taurie but there is no modern equivalent village. PBR]
SOURCE for Shilu
fn. 1 The fourth use of "dar al travez" for "to run ashore," in the Viage. » #258 Teixeira, Pedro, The Travels of Pedro Teixeira; with his Kings of Harmuz, and extracts from his Kings of Persia. Translated and annotated by W. F. Sinclair ... With further notes and an introduction by D. Ferguson., Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1902:1991 ~ pp. 22-23
SOURCE for Silaú
« S_h_ilāw is still mentioned by European travellers of the 16th century, e.g. by António Tenreiro as Chilaão (1528) and Gasparo Balbi as Silaú (1590), but subsequent references are to a simple harbour only at the modern village » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ p. 668
SOURCE for Silaw
« De ce cap Nabao jusqu’à la ville (vila) de Reixete (RaySahr), où se jette le fleuve Rodom (Rudan), la terre se fait courbe à la manière d’une baie, distance qui sera de quarante lieues, sur laquelle sont ces villes (vilas): Bedicane (Bidbün), Chilau (Silaw) et le cap de Verdeitao (Bardistàn) » #898 Aubin, Jean, Le royaume d'Ormuz au début du XVIe siècle, Mare Luso-Indicum, Geneva, 1973 ~ p. 101
SOURCE for Siraf
« The city and port of Siraf gradually replaced Basra and Uballah by the middle decades of the ninth century. Archaeological evidence confirms Siraf's rise at this time, noting the building of its Mosque and other structures and the presence of kilns and docking facilities during this period.(21) Furthermore, according to Ibn Khurdgdhbih (A .D. 844 -848), Jewish merchants from Siraf were actively trading both in the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean commercial world with increasing frequency.(22) Ibn al-Faqih (ca. A .D. 850) wrote that Sirafi ships traded with India: SulaimZn the Merchant recorded that goods bound for China were being sent from Siraf to Muscat and Quilon (Kulam Malay). (23) Abu Zaid (ca. A .D. 877 -915), himself a merchant from Siraf, noted that Sirafi merchants visited Jidda in the Red Sea and the Zanzibar coast.(24) Finally, Hamza b, a1 -Hasan al-Iqfahani (A .D. 893 -970) relates the report of Hasan b. 'Amr al-Sirāf, a merchant from Siraf, who visited the land of Kanam in the Sudan.(25)
fn. 20. G.B. Kempthorne, "A Narrative of a Visit to the Ruins of Tahrie, the Sup- posed Site of the Ancient City of Siraff," Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society, XIII (March, 1856-1857), 125-140. See Hajj Mirzaa Hasan Husayni Fasa T, Fars-namih-yi Nasiri (Tehran, 1313/1895-1896), II, 224, where Siraf is identified as Bandar Tahiri in the district of Bandar Kingan on the Zuhayr Coast (G. LeStrange, Lands of the Eastern Caliphate, 249). See also A. W. Stiffe, "Ancient Trading Centers of the Persian Gulf: 1, Sträf," Geographical Journal [hereafter GJ]. VI (1895), 166-173; A. Lamb, "A Visit to Siraf," JRAS (Malayan Branch), XXXVII (1964), 1-19; G. Ferrand, Relations de voyages et textes geographiques arabes, persans, et turk relatifs à l'extrème-orient du VIIle au XVIIIe siècles (Paris, 1913), 1, 1-3; and Muhammad Taqi Mustafavi, "Agar-1 Bästäni dar Khalij-i Fårs (Ancient Remnants in the Persian Gulf), " in R. Shafaq et al., eds., Siminär, II, 108-109.
fn. 21. Whitehouse, "Second Interim Report," 46-53.
fn. 22. Ibn Khurdadhbih, Al-Masalik wa-al-Mamalik, M.J. de Goefe, ed., Biblio- theca Geographorum Arabicorum, 2nd ed. (Leiden, 1967), VI, 41. See also Toussaint, Indian Ocean, 49; and B. Lewis, "The Muslim Discovery of Eu- rope," BSOAS, XX (1957), 410.
fn. 23. Whitehouse, "First Interim Report," 2, n. 4; A. Stein, Archaeological Reconnaissances in North Western India and South Eastern Iran (London, 1937), 202-212; and A. Wilson, South West Persia (London, 1942), 94.
fn. 24. G. Ferrand, Voyage du marchand arabe Sulayman en Inde et en Chine redige en 851 suivi de remarques par Abu Zayd Hasan (vers 916) (Paris, 1922). 130. See also A.S.S. Nadvi, Arab Navigation, 'Abdur Rahman, trans. (Lahore. 1966), 130.
fn. 25. Sharaf al-Zaman Tahir Marvazi on China, the Turks, and India, V. Minorsky, trans. and ed. (London, 1942), 54. See C. Brockelmann, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur (Leiden, 1943-1949), I, 145; ibid... Supplementband (Leiden, 1937-1942), 1, 117, 221. » #1196 Ricks, Thomas M., Persian Gulf Seafaring and East Africa: Ninth-Twelfth Centuries, African Historical Studies, Boston, 1970 ~ pp. 344-5
« During the decline of Siraf and a period of heavy maritime raiding in the eleventh century, the merchant communities of Fars also moved south to Qays, Hormuz, and the Omani seaboard, and other Gulf communities moved south to East Africa, often referred to as “Shirazi” emigrants. » #2622 Eric Staples:, Oman and Islamic Maritime Networks (632–1507 CE), ~ p. 99
« The ruins of the old city of Siraf lie to the west of the village, and extend for perhaps two miles along the shore. They are mere heaps of rough masonry ; foundations in situ are to be seen, especially where cut through by water-courses, or exposed by the action of the sea, for the ruins extend from the wateI's edge tar up the slope of the foothills. The waterourses through the city have been walled in, where required. Among the debris are numerous ruined water-cisterns, constructed in the style still prevailing in the country - oblong chambers excavated in the ground, lined with cement or gypsum, and arched over to prevent evaporation. The arched coverings have mostly fallen in, and the cisterns are more or less choked up. There are also many wells among the heaps of debris. The whole extent of the ruins is strewed with broken pottery, including many fragments of Chinese porcelain. » #571 Stiffe, A. W., Ancient Trading Centres of the Persian Gulf, I. Siraf, The Geographical Journal, London, 1895 (Aug.) 6:2:166-73 ~ pp. 167-8
« We travelled on from there to the city of Qais, also called Sirāf. (138) It is on the coast of the Indian Sea, which connects with the sea of al-Yaman and [that of] Fars, and it is reckoned as one of the districts of Fars. [It is] a city of wide extent, commodious, in a rich country-side, and with wonderful gardens of scented herbs and leafy trees amongst its houses. fn. 138 The confusion of Qais with Siräf here arises from Ibn Battū?a's habit of occasionally combining literary reminiscences with his personal experi- ences. As is clear from above, n. 127, he was well aware that Qais was an island, and it was still relatively flourishing at this time. His description, in fact, applies much more accurately to Qais than to Siraf, where there were scarcely any trees or cultivation and most of its water had to be carried in (Schwarz, II, 59-64, 88-9). Down to the tenth century, however, Sirāf had been the richest trading port on the Persian Gulf; it was destroyed by an earthquake in 977, and never recovered. Its site, near the modern Tahiri, 20 miles west of Gallah-Dar, has been examined by Sir Aurel Stein (202-12, with plan). Schwarz suggests that Ibn Battuta confused Sirāf with Charak, on the coast, north-east of Qais, but it is doubtful whether Chārak existed by name at that time, and the route from Khunj to Qais (Mustawfi, 176) ran not to Charak, but to Hüzü, identified by Le Strange with modern Chiru. Indeed, no major town is known to have existed at this time on the Lär coast (see the next note).139 One section of the coastal region called Irähistan is called by the Arab geographers Sif Bani'l-Saffäq; this was apparently the coast of Lar (Schwarz, II, 75-6). The Banu'l-Saffaq (or Saffaf or Saffär) were Arabs from 'Omān, long established on the coast of Fars (Bibl. Geog. Arab., I, 141). 140 This account is obviously at secondhand, since Ibn Ba??ū?a seems never to have been in the region at the pearling season, and there is a characteristic mixture of exact fact and exaggerations or misinformation in his statement. His location of the pearl beds is so vague as to be unidentifi- able, and was indeed probably as vague in his own mind. On the east shore of the Gulf the principal pearl-fisheries at this time appear to have been in the vicinity of Lar (or Lārān) Island and at Khor Shif (Aubin, JA (1953), 101), but the location of this place in turn is not precisely known. The term khôr may, however, underlie Ibn Ba??ū?a's picture of 'a calm channel like a great river'. » #357 Ibn Baṭu¯ṭah, Muh?ammad ibn ʿAbd Alla¯h, The Travels of Ibn Battuta translated with revisions and notes, from the Arabic text edited by C. Defre´mery and B. R. Sanguinetti, by H. A. R. Gibb., Hakluyt Society:Munshiram Manohardal Publishers Pvt Ltd, Cambridge:New Delhi, 1958- :1993, ~ vol. 2 pp. 407-408
SOURCE for Ssi-lien
« Ssi-lién (思?), may very likely be Siraf ( سیراف ) on the Persian Gulf, which in the ninth and Centuries was the starting-point of the Arab ships engaged in the Indian and Chinese trade. It may, however, be Shiraz. Our author makes no other reference to it. » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 117, 122 note 13
SOURCE for Suhriyaj
« what Baladhuri adds, apparently incidentally and still referring to the well-equipped fortress, and that is, that «some peoples of the Fars told him that this was the fortification (hisn) of Siraf, then called Suriyanj ( سوریانج ) by the Persians and renamed Shahriyaj by the Arabs ( شهرياج )(18). The isnad to which Baladhuri refers is a reliable isnad.
It is interesting to note that Yaqut too (in his “Geographical Dictionary”) mentions Suhriyaj ( سهرياج ) - Suriyanj ( سوریانج ); and his account repeats almost word for word the episode of the arrow and of the aman thrown into the citadel by a Moslem slave, while the troops of the caliph 'Umar were vainly besieging it. The tradition is attributed to the same Fudhayl (or Fadhil) b. Zayd al-Raqqashi mentioned by Baladhuri. But Yaqut does not link this site with Siraf, even though he concludes, « certain authors say that the old name of this citadel of Siran ( سيران , a possible corruption of Siraf?) is Suriyanj, changed by the Arabs into Suriya) One must however bear in mind that Yaqut lived between the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth, a full four centuries later than Baladhuri. »
#348 Piacentini, Valeria Fiorani, Merchants - Merchandise and Military Power in the Persian Gulf (Suriyanj/Shahriya-Siraf), Atti Della Accademia Nazionale Dei Lincei, Rome, 1992, ANL Memorie Della Classe Di Scienze Morali, Storiche E Filologiche Memorie serie IX, vol.III, fasc. 2 ~ p. 125
SOURCE for Suriyanj
see source « Suhriyaj » above
SOURCE for Taheri
« This is the sea frontier of the ancient province of Fars. This coast is a narrow land strip lying between the sea and the foothills of the Zagros Mountains,not exceeding generally a few miles in width (half a mile near Siraf/Taheri). » #2809 R. Boucharlat, J.-F. Salles, The History and Archaeology of The Gulf From The Fifth Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D.: A Review Of The Evidence, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, London, 1981 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Tahiree
« Just below the port of Kangoon, which is immediately under this Barn Hill, is a port called Tauhree, or Tahiree, where extensive ruins are spoken of, with sculptures and inscriptions in the Persepolitan character. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 435-6
SOURCE for Tahiri
« My intention was to follow the coast-line as close as practicable up to Tahiri, the site of the old port of Siraf, which had played a very important part in the history of Persia's maritime trade during the early Islamic period. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937 ~ p. 193
« The modern village of Tahiri is a small village inhabited by fishermen, chiefly pearl-fishers, of Arab descent, 200 to 300 in number. It is an insignificant place, and has a small square fort on a little hill at the west end, which is in lat. 27' 39' 36" N., long. 52' 20' 40" E., standing on the shore of the Persian Gulf, at the foot of a range of mountains rising to a height of near 5000 feet, and running parallel to the coast. » #571 Stiffe, A. W., Ancient Trading Centres of the Persian Gulf, I. Siraf, The Geographical Journal, London, 1895 (Aug.) ~ p. 167
SOURCE for Tahrie
« Tahrie » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
SOURCE for Tari
« Tari » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Tauhree
see source for « Tahiree » above
SOURCE for Taurie
« Taurie, in lat. 27° 38' 52' N., long. 52° 16' 40" E., is a small town, situated in a bay, affording excellent shelter in a north-wester, and indifferently good in south-easters. It is inhabited by about three hun-dred and fifty Arabs of the Nussoor Tribe; affords a few supplies, and has excellent water. To the NW. of the town are very extensive ruins, said to have been a Portuguese town: if so, it must have been one of importance, from the appearance of the ruins. In many parts the rock has been excavated for residences in the hot season, and the pass in the hills appears to have been fortified in a manner much beyond the abilities of the natives, at least of the present day. Wells have been also sunk to the depth of forty or fifty fathoms, through the rock. Very high up on the hills reservoirs in ruins are very numerous. On the whole, it has all the appearance of having been a large and flourishing town. Several trading boats of various sizes belong to Taurie. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ pp. 591-2

R39-032 Eïenat
R39-032 Eïenat : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Ayanat , Ayahat , Ayhat , Tombak , Tonbak , Tumbak , اياهات , ايهات , تمبک , تنبك , عيانات ,
VARIANT names: Ayahat , 'Ayanat , Ayenat , 'Ayyenat , Eienat , Iyayaraat , Tombac , Tombek , Tumbak ,
SOURCE for Ayahat
SOURCE for 'Ayanat
« Ayenat ('Ayánát), about 9 miles northwestward of Tahiri, is a village, with a few trees interspersed among the houses; there is a small square tower and also date groves at either end, and a large square house at the western end. There is anchorage off it in 10 fathoms, which is said to be tolerably good in shamals; a small reef of rocks off the village forms a boat harbor. About miles north- westward of Ayenat is Mayalu (Miyalu), a little village. » #2772 United States Hydrographic Office, Persian Gulf Pilot: Comprising the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Omán and the Makran Coast, Hydrographic Office Publication No. 158, The Persian Gulf Pilot, Washington, 1920 ~ p. 250
« Ayánát, situated about 3 miles north-westward of Achar, is a village, that is also known as Tumbak, with a few trees interspersed amongst the houses, and date groves at either end of it. A tower stands at the western end of the village. See view facing page 145. Anchorage, open but said to be tolerably good during a shamál, may be obtained off 'Ayánát in a depth of 10 fathoms (18m3).Two reefs, marked by breakers, lie one on each side of 'Ayánát and form a boat harbour; they extend parallel with the coast at from one-half to three-quarters of a mile offshore; the western reef is about 1 miles in length and the eastern reef one mile. The channel hout half a mile wide. The landing is good. » #353 The Persian Gulf Pilot 1870 - 1932 8th edition, Archive Editions, Slough, 1989 ~ p.153
SOURCE for Ayenat
SOURCE for 'Ayyenat
« Bald hinter Šilâh erreicht man den Ankerplatz der,Quellen 'Ayyenât mit einer 5 Miles landeinwärts zu 4660' sich erhebenden Landmarke; [Soon after Šilâh one reaches the anchorage of the 'Ayyenât Springs' with a landmark rising 5 miles inland to 4660'; » #2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890, vol. 121:issue 8: ~ p. 58
SOURCE for Eienat
« Eïenat » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Iyayaraat
« Iyayaraat » in {map#1125 The Coast from Bushire to Basadore, in the Persian Gulf, G.B. Brucks and S.B. Haines, 1828, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3630/27, in Qatar Digital Library}
SOURCE for Tombac
« Tombac a 400 habitants commerçants, cultivateurs, marins, pêcheurs de poissons. 20 Juifs. Céréales, dattes, animaux, bois de chauffage, charbon. [Tombac has 400 inhabitants, traders, farmers, sailors, fishermen. 20 Jews. Cereals, dates, animals, firewood, coal.] » #3329 R. Vadala, Le Golfe Persique, Librairie Arthur Rousseau, 1920 ~ p. 86
SOURCE for Tombek
« A environ trois kilomètres plus loin, c'est Tombek, grand village de pêcheurs de plus de 800 habitants, situé tout près de la plage même, qui ici n'est couverte que de galets. Selon Vadala il y avait là 400 habitants dont 20 Juifs, commerçants, cultivateurs, marins et pêcheurs, 18 voiliers, et exportation de céréales, dattes, animaux, bois de chauffage et charbon. [About three kilometres further on is Tombek, a large fishing village of more than 800 inhabitants, located very close to the beach itself, which here is covered only with pebbles. According to Vadala there were 400 inhabitants there, including 20 Jews, traders, farmers, sailors and fishermen, 18 sailing ships, and export of cereals, dates, animals, firewood and coal.] » #3059 K Lindberg, Voyage dans le Sud de l'Iran : carnet de route d'un me´dicin, a` la poursuite du ver de Me´dine., C.W.K. Gleerup, Lund, 1955 ~ p. 78
SOURCE for Tumbak
« Tumbak » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}

R39-033 Bender-Kengoun
R39-033 Bender-Kengoun : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Kangan , Kangan , Kangun , بندرِ كنگان , كنگان ,
VARIANT names: Bandar-e Kangan , Bender-Kengoun , Congon , Congoon , Gaugana , Gôgan , Gogana , Kangan , Kangun , Kongûn , Konkun ,
SOURCE for Bandar-e Kangan
« The route as far as the village of Kangān led along the foot of the steep maritime range, which is there broken by a wide valley descending from the north-west. The river draining it carries a good deal of water and, being tidal at its mouth, might in case of rain, which a cloudy sky had promised for some days past, have held us up. So I did not stop at Kangān to look for any remains of the small Portuguese factory which is stated to have existed there for some time, but thought it safer to push on past the well-cultivated fields of Banak to the river. Though some 150 yards wide at the ford, the water was deep, reaching up to the camels' bellies. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937,~ p. 232
SOURCE for Bender-Kengoun
« Bender-Kengoûn fn. 5 C'est la résidence d'un cheykli nommé Muhammed - Katun-Ali-Nessour, dont le fils est en ôtage auprès du prince, gouverneur du Farsistan. On y fait un peu de cabotage. Les habitans sont pauvres. [fn. 5 It is the residence of a sheikh named Muhammed - Katun-Ali-Nessour, whose son is a hostage to the prince, governor of Farsistan. A little coastal shipping is done there. The inhabitants are poor.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
« Bender-Kengoûn » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 492
SOURCE for Congon
« Congon » in {map#990 Golfe Persique. Dresse en 1758 et publie en 76, Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon, 1776, David Rumsey Map Collection list no: 2603.025} see AHduGP map 75
SOURCE for Congoon
« KONKUN, OR CONGOON, in lat. 27° 48' N. lon. 52° 6' E., is the northernmost town in the bay of this name, off which there is good anchorage, in from 5 to 7 or 8 fa- thoms soft bottom, and shelter from N. Westers. About 5 leagues west of Konkun, on the high land, there is a remarkable table hill, called BARN HILL, which answers as a guide in rounding Berdistan Shoal. About 6 leagues to the westward of Konkun, there is a projecting part of the coast that forms the western point of Konkun Bay, and is in lat. 27° 48' N.; this is by some called Cape Berdistan, as the easternmost range of breakers extends from this point to the S. S. East- ward; but the head-land, which may be considered the true Cape, bears about W. N. W. 8 leagues distant from the west point of Konkun Bay. » #2590 James Horsburgh, The India Directory Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America, Black, Parbury and Allen, London, 1817: 1852 ~ vol 1 2 ed. P. 263
« … the information called for by Government on the 17th February 1854, regarding the principal estates within my political control. No mention is therein made of the ports on the Persian Coast between Bushire and Bunder Abbas given below. … Ports. | Tribes. | Names of Chiefs. Congoon (with dependencies). | Nussoor | Shaikh Hussan bin Shaikh Jabnah. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Gaugana
« endlich, 18 Miles von Tahiriyah, an einer Bai mit vortrefflichem Ankergrund, die Veste Bandar Kongûn 27° 49' 38" N. 52° 3' 39" Q., mit gutem Wasser, viel Anbau und Dattelpalmen: das ist Γώγανα Nearchs, *Gaugana, Gôgân, Kongûn. [Finally, 18 miles from Tahiriyah, on a bay with excellent anchorage, the fortress Bandar Kongûn 27° 49' 38" N. 52° 3' 39" Q., with good water, much cultivation and date palms: this is Gogana Nearchs, * Gaugana, Gôgân, Kongûn.] » #2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890, vol. 121:issue 8: ~ p. 58
SOURCE for Gôgan
see source « Gaugana »
SOURCE for Gogana
« Gogana » in map Grecian Empire#836 Warrington, John (ed.), Everyman's Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography, J M Dent and Sons Ltd, 1952, ~ p. 13
« Gogana » in {map#1029 Kaart van de Perzische Golf, ed. A. Hotz, 1907 (1645), #2863 Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Tweede Serie, Deel Xxiv., Brill, Leiden, 1907 ~ ( Kaart No. IV) after p. 545}
« Upon departing from Nabon, the fleet proceeded upwards of thirty-seven miles to Gôgana, a distance which answers within a mile to the position of the modern Konkûn or Congoon, re-marked by M'Cluer for a high ground over it called Barn-hill from its appearance, and as being the northernmost town in the bay", which curves to Verdistan. » #852 Vincent, William, The commerce and navigation of the ancients in the Indian Ocean, T. Cadell jun. and W. Davies, London, 1807 ~ vol. 1 p384
SOURCE for Kangan
« Dupré avait cependant noté les étapes, d'une part pour le parcours de Bender 'Abbas à Bassorah, d'autre part pour celui de Firouzabad à Kangan qui était probablement, encore de son temps, l'une des voies de communication principales. Ce dernier itinéraire est d'une très grande valeur, car, à ma connaissance, on ne trouve nulle part ailleurs des renseignements en langue européenne sur cette partie du Fars. Une carte par le géographe Ch. Lapie facilite la compréhension des étapes mentionnées. [Dupré had however noted the stages, on the one hand for the route from Bender 'Abbas to Basra, on the other hand for that from Firouzabad to Kangan which was probably, still in his time, one of the main communication routes. This last route is of very great value, because, to my knowledge, one does not find information in European language on this part of Fars anywhere else. A map by the geographer Ch. Lapie facilitates the understanding of the stages mentioned.] » #3059 K Lindberg, Voyage dans le Sud de l'Iran : carnet de route d'un me´dicin, a` la poursuite du ver de Me´dine., C.W.K. Gleerup, Lund, 1955 ~ p. 184
« Encore un petit fleuve d'eau douce, à courant rapide, puis des plantations de dattiers où s'entrevoient plusieurs maisonnettes blanches de plaisance, occupées, tout comme celles de Dayyir, par les habitants riches de Kangan, pendant la saison chaude, et nous sommes arrivés au port. [Another small river of fresh water, with a fast current, then date plantations where one can glimpse several white pleasure houses, occupied, just like those of Dayyir, by the rich inhabitants of Kangan, during the hot season, and we arrived at the port.] » #3059 K Lindberg, Voyage dans le Sud de l'Iran : carnet de route d'un me´dicin, a` la poursuite du ver de Me´dine., C.W.K. Gleerup, Lund, 1955 ~ p. 73
SOURCE for Kangun
« Kangun » in {map#1029 Kaart van de Perzische Golf, ed. A. Hotz, 1907 (1645), #2863 Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Tweede Serie, Deel Xxiv., Brill, Leiden, 1907 ~ ( Kaart No. IV) after p. 545}
« Some boats were also taken and destroyed at the ports of Lingeh, Mughu, Asalu and Kangun for which compensation had later to be paid, as Bruce could produce no definite proof of piracy by the people of these places. (64)
fn. 64. Lorimer, op. cit., p. 669. » #6 Hawley, Donald, The Trucial States, Allen and Unwin, London, 1970 ~ p. 114
SOURCE for Kongûn
SOURCE for Konkun
« Upon departing from Nabon, the fleet proceeded upwards of thirty-seven miles to Gôgana, a distance which answers within a mile to the position of the modern Konkûn or Congoon, remarked by M'Cluer for a high ground over it called Barn-hill from its appearance, and as being the northernmost town in the bay", which curves to Verdistan. » #852 Vincent, William, The commerce and navigation of the ancients in the Indian Ocean, T. Cadell jun. and W. Davies, London, 1807 ~ vol. 1 p384

R39-034 Dehir
R39-034 Dehir : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Deyyer , Daiyir , Dayer , Dayyer , Deyr , Qal'eh Dir , بندر دیر , دير , قلئه دير ,
VARIANT names: Bandar Dayyur , Daiyir , Dayah , Dayer , Dayyir , Dehir , Deir , Deyer ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Dayyir FOR Najiram [Minorsky],
SOURCE for Bandar Dayyur
« Najiram and Hurushi (1)-Najiramn is a small town and Hurashi a village, both being of the dependencies of Sirāf, and lying in the very hot region.
fn. 1 Spelt Hushi for the second time, and Khurashi in the Paris MS. It is not mentioned by the Arab geographers. Najiram, according to Istakhri (p. 34), Iny to the north of Sirif. Neither names now occur on the map, but Najiram is probably identical with the present harbour of Bandar Dayyur in the Dashti District (FNN. 217). » #3047 G. Le Strange, Description of the Province of Fars, in Persia, at the Beginning of the Twelfth Century A.D. Translated from the MS. of Ibn-al-Balkhi, in the British Museum, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1912 pp. 1-30, pp. 311-339, pp. 865-889 ~ p. 330
SOURCE for Daiyir
« The crossing was safely effected by dusk, and Daiyir, S miles farther on, was reached in the dark. There was good reason to feel grateful for the timely passage of the river, for in the course of the night rain-for two seasons longed for in vain descended in torrents, flooding part of the ground near the fort of Daiyir where our tents had been pitched in the dark. ... No time could be spared for a visit to some ruined walls reported
on a low sandstone ridge some distance to the north of Daiyir. The specimens of
glazed pottery brought thence (see Daiyir. 6, 8; PI. XXVII ) showed distinct
similarity to ware found at Siraf, and the description of the ruined walls as being
built with mortar also pointed to occupation in Muhammadan times.
The day's short march took us first past a series of curious mesas, » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937, ~ p. 232-3
SOURCE for Dayah
« Dayah » in {map#1113 Plate XV, Karl Müller, 1882, #2959 Karl Müller, Tabula in Geographi graeci minores, Firmin-Didot et sociis, Paris, 1882 ~}
SOURCE for Dayer
« Dayer a 2.000 habitants dont 150 Juifs et 200 Arabes. Cultivateurs, commerçants, marins, pêcheurs de poissons. Exporte céréales, dattes, bois de chauffage, charbon de bois et animaux. [Dayer has 2,000 inhabitants, 150 Jews and 200 Arabs. Farmers, traders, sailors, fishermen. Exports cereals, dates, firewood, charcoal and animals.] » #3329 R. Vadala, Le Golfe Persique, Librairie Arthur Rousseau, 1920 ~ p. 86
SOURCE for Dayyir
« 8. According to the distance Najiram lay on the coast south of the Mand estuary, near the present-day Dayyir (Ist., 135: twelve farsakhs from Siraf Tomaschek, Nearch, p. 58; however, the indication of our § 6, 29. supported by the Fars-nama, p. 141, is in favour of Le Strange, who on his Map vi, places Najiram north of the Mänd river. » #2901 V Minorsky, Hudud Al Alam The Regions Of The World, Luzac and printed at the University Press, Oxford, for the Trustees of the 'EJW Gibb Memorial', London, 1937, ~ p. 377
« A part de nombreux dattiers, Dayyir possède bien d'autres arbres, des tamaris, des figuiers et des «lirk», grand arbre qui m'a rappelé les banians de l'Inde.Aux dires de mon informateur, les Portugais ou les Hollandais, il ne sait pas au juste lesquels, avaient autrefois ici une factorerie dont les bâtiments existent encore; mais la grande curiosité de Dayyir, c'est la forteresse qui se trouve sur le bord de la mer à l'extrémité est de la ville. A l'ouest, donjon solide octogonal surmonté de quatre étages, tous dissemblables, datant apparemment d'époques différentes. Tout en haut, le toit effondré laisse voir une grande et belle salle à voûtes ogivales. A l'est, énorme tour, à base pourvue de cannelures longitu- dinales, surplombée d'une espèce de calotte arrondie de proportions colossales. [Apart from numerous date palms, Dayyir has many other trees, tamarisks, fig trees and "lirk", a large tree which reminded me of the banyans of India.According to my informant, the Portuguese or the Dutch, he does not know exactly which, once had a factory here whose buildings still exist; but the great curiosity of Dayyir is the fortress which is located on the seaside at the eastern end of the city. To the west, a solid octagonal keep surmounted by four floors, all dissimilar, apparently dating from different periods. At the very top, the collapsed roof reveals a large and beautiful room with ogival vaults. To the east, an enormous tower, with a base provided with longitudinal fluting, topped by a kind of rounded cap of colossal proportions.] » #3059 K Lindberg, Voyage dans le Sud de l'Iran : carnet de route d'un me´dicin, a` la poursuite du ver de Me´dine., C.W.K. Gleerup, Lund, 1955 ~ pp. 69-70
SOURCE for Dehir
« Dehir » in {map#1111 Persian Gulf, Atlas von Asia map 12, Heinrich Berghaus, 1832-56, British Library Maps 51010.(2.)}
« Dehir » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Deir
« Deir County, which is the fourth largest city in Bushehr province, is located 200 kilometers south of Bushehr port. Deir is located at 51 degrees and 56 minutes east longitude and 27 degrees and 50 minutes north latitude. This city is bordered by Dashti and Tungstan cities from the north, Kangan and Jam cities from the east, Persian Gulf from the west and south. Deir city is mostly located in the plains of Sahel. ... The ancient port of Bataneh is located about 7 kilometers west of Deir port. This port was identified for the first time by Dr. Sarfaraz and Nasrullah Ebrahimi in 2014 (6). Due to its size and location, Bataneh is one of the most important ancient ports of Bushehr province. This port was investigated in 1388 during an archaeological survey under the supervision of Mr. Hossein Tawfiqian, in which the author was also present. » #3161 Dr. Mohammad Ismail Ismaili Jolodar, A proposal to determine the location of the ancient port of Najiram based on the written texts of Sadr Islam and archaeological studies, 2013, in [accessed:09 Jan 2024] p. 1
SOURCE for Deyer
« Deyer » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
« just round the end of the low sandstone range, is Deyer. This is a village of about 100 stone houses and a number of huts. It has a large fort with four towers, two right-angled, one six and the other ten sided. The whole has rather an Oriental appearance. It is governed by a wife of Hyder Khan. The lady is called Fatu; but she has adopted the name of her son Jamil Khan, of Boordakhoon, and uses his seal. She writes, and it is said makes a very good governor, having no objection to show herself to her own people, though she hides her face from strangers. Grain is the chief export of this place, and it is almost all carried in from the surrounding country on camels belonging to Jamil Khan, of Kakee, who has about 1500. This year 200 horses were brought from Shiraz by Khormuj, and embarked here for Bombay, as there is no custom-house. The prosperity of Deyer dates from the destruction of Congoon seven years ago. Berdistan Creek is its harbour. Berdistan village has about fifty stone houses, with a fort built nine years ago by Hyder Khan, on the ruins of a former village, which was destroyed by Sheik Hassan of Gabendie. » #1195 Colvill, W.H., Land Journey along the Shores of the Persian Gulf, from Bushire to Lingah, The Geographical Journal, London, 1866-1867, 11:1:36-8 ~ p. 37

R39-035 Haddoter
R39-035 Haddoter : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 27.840551 long 51.742825 † basis (p)
Supplement: based on 3.5 farsengs from Dehir
VARIANT names: Haddoter ,
SOURCE for Haddoter
« Haddoter » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491

R39-036 cap Sermutaf
R39-036 cap Sermutaf : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PT UFI: -3075903 coordinate: lat 27.716667 long 51.633333
NIMA/GNS names: Damagheh-ye Motaf , Ra`s al Motaf , Ras al Mutaf , Ra's ol Motaf , Ra's ol Mutal , دماغۀ مطاف , رءس المطاف , رءس الموتل , راس الموتف , رعس المطاف ,
VARIANT names: c. de Uerdestao , cap Sermutaf , Cape Bardistan , Cape Berdistan , Kane , Ras al Mutaf , Ras al-Kamila , Ras Mulgurrum , Ras ol Motaf , Ras Sermutaf , Uhm-Kheilah , Verdistan ,
SOURCE for c. de Uerdestao
« Uerdestao. c. de (25 B) : Bardestan » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006, ~ p. 432
« c. de Uerdestao » in {map#576 15ª carta: Mar Vermelho e Golfo Pérsico, Livro De Marinharia, de João de Lisboa, , 1560, Colecção Cartográfica, n.º 166, Arquivo Nacional, Torre do Tombo, Lisbon, Colecção Cartográfica, n.º 166} see PMC vol. 1 EST 96A and AHduGP map 25
SOURCE for cap Sermutaf
« cap Sermutaf » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Cape Bardistan
«There is a good view of the area of Cape Bardistan in the secret manuscript atlas of the Dutch East India Company of 1760. (53)
fn. 53. De Haan’s atlas in ARA, VELH 156 vol. 2 chart 14. » #1558 Slot, B. J., The Arabs of the Gulf, 1602-1784 : an alternative approach to the early history of the Arab Gulf states and the Arab peoples of the Gulf, mainly based on sources of the Dutch East India Company, 1993 ~ p. 17
SOURCE for Cape Berdistan
« RAS BERDISTAN, OR CAPE BERDISTAN, in lat. 27° 58' N. lon. 51° 26 E., is a remarkable headland, easily known by the Hills or Hummocks of Kenn, visible 15 leagues in clear weather, which are situated close to it; and to the southward, at 4 or 5 miles distance, there is a small island covered with trees, called Mongella, or Monjellah. » #2590 James Horsburgh, The India Directory Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America, Black, Parbury and Allen, London, 1817: 1852 ~ vol 1 2 ed. P. 264
[coordinates in above source of 27.8, 51.4333 differ slightly from NIMA/GNS data set. PBR]
SOURCE for Kane
« Along this coast we sailed for thirty-five days, with much toil and trouble. Our provision began to fail; nor could we renew it there, for all that shore is disturbed by the wanton ravages of the Portuguese fustas,(2) which commonly cruize there. When we had got to Chilao near Verdostam, a place in a sound between Point Vedican and the shoals of Kane,(3) the head wind increased and continued. So, perforce, having lost an anchor and cable, and very nearly run on the shore,(1) which was close aboard, the captain gave orders to bear away for Harmuz, and in four days we ran eighty leagues; that we had gained, with much toil, in five-and-thirty.
fn. 2 Small armed vessels, Anglice, “foists.”
fn. 3 Chilao is probably Shilu, “four miles to the westward of Tahiri” (Persian Gulf Pilot, p. 255). Bardistan is not far away, and is on all recent maps and charts. The Point of Vedican is Ras Naband, sheltering Bandar Baid Khan; and the shoals of Kane are certainly those of Ras-al-Mutaf, near whose northern end is Ras-al-Khan – not that this name matters much in their identification, which depends on position.
fn. 1 The fourth use of "dar al travez" for "to run ashore," in the Viage. » #258 Teixeira, Pedro, The Travels of Pedro Teixeira; with his Kings of Harmuz, and extracts from his Kings of Persia. Translated and annotated by W. F. Sinclair ... With further notes and an introduction by D. Ferguson., Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1902:1991 ~
SOURCE for Ras al Mutaf
« Ras al Mutaf » in {map#1016 Persian Gulf. Western Sheet, Constable and Stiffe, 1917, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3828/2837b}
SOURCE for Ras al-Kamila
« Auf den heutigen Sar-Mutaf darf der Küstenvorsprung Ras al-Kamila , bezogen werden, wo 917 Ibn Bábikad aus Basrah auf der Fahrt nach Siraf Schiffbruch litt ("Agâyib al-Hind 107, p. 161). [The coastal promontory Ras al-Kamila, where 917 Ibn Bábikad from Basrah was shipwrecked on the way to Siraf in 917 ("Agâyib al-Hind 107, p. 161), can be related to today's Sar-Mutaf.] » #2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890, vol. 121:issue 8: ~ p. 60
« CI. Raced El-Ghoulam, fils de Bâlichâd, m'a dit : « Durant une traversée que je fis de Siraf à Basra dans une belle barque, dans le mois de dhou'l-qada de l'année 305, la tempête nous assaillit près de Ras-el-Kamila. [CI. Raced Al-Ghoulam, son of Balishad, told me: "During a crossing that I made from Siraf to Basra in a beautiful boat, in the month of dhu'l-qada of the year 305, the storm attacked us near of Ras-el-Kamila. ] » #2990 Buzurg b. Shahriyâr (al-Râm-Hurmuzî.), Adjâ îb al-Hind. Les merveilles de l'Inde [by Buzurg b. Shahriyâr] tr. avec intr., notes, index analytique et géographique par L. M. Devic. (Nouv. coll. Jannet-Picard)., 1878 ~ p.137
SOURCE for Ras Mulgurrum
« RAS MULGURRUM, sometimes called CAPE BERDISTAN, in lat. 27° 50' N., lon. 51° 38' E., has two isles near it; and about 4 leagues inland, bearing N. by E., is Jibbel Dring, or the Hummocks of Kenn, visible 15 leagues in clear weather; and to the W.S.W. 4 or 5 miles, on the western part of the shoal which lines this part of the coast, lies the small island Monakilah, covered with trees. » #2590 James Horsburgh, The India Directory Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America, Black, Parbury and Allen, London, 1817: 1852, ~ vol. 1 ed.6 1852 p. 417
SOURCE for Ras ol Motaf
« A drying bank of sand over rock, of which Ras ol Motaf is the extremity, lies on this shoal. 14.15 This drying bank has been reported to extend further W and S than charted. 14.15 Khowr-e Khan (27°48'N., 51°39'E.), with depths of 3.7 to 12.8m, is a channel between the mainland and the bank on which lies Ras ol Motaf. » #2696 Pub. 172 Sailing Directions (Enroute) Red Sea and The Persian Gulf, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Springfield, Virginia, U.S.A., 2022 ~ p. 298
SOURCE for Ras Sermutaf
« 3º Ras el Montaf. Selon le Pilote anglais, et aussi selon la carte, ce nom ne désigne pas un cap mais l'une des extrémités des hauts-fonds s'étendant au large du cap de Bardestan. Le détroit séparant ces hauts-fonds de la côte, appelé Khor-Khan sur la carte de 1945, comme il a déjà été mentionné, semble correspondre au Khour Ayaz du Pilote anglais. Berghaus, s'appuyant sur Dupré, situe le Ras Sermutaf dans la lat. 27 43' N. et fait remarquer qu'il est désigné par beaucoup d'auteurs sous le nom de Ras Berdistan. Il propose de l'appeler le faux Ras Berdistan. Horsburgh avait aussi signalé que la pointe formant la limite occidentale de la baie de Konkun, est parfois nommé à tort le cap Berdistan. Tomaschek avait également noté qu'on semble avoir désigné le cap Bardestan par le nom de Sar-Moutaf, mais les raisons de cet auteur ne me sont pas connues pour supposer que le Sar-Moutaf puisse correspondre à l'ancien Ras el Kämila où, en 917 (305 H.), Rached el Gholam ben Babechad s'est échoué, en voyageant de Siraf à Bassorah («Merveilles de l'Inde p. 161). [3º Ras el Montaf. According to the English Pilot, and also according to the map, this name does not designate a cape but one of the extremities of the shoals extending off the Cape of Bardestan. The strait separating these shoals from the coast, called Khor-Khan on the 1945 map, as already mentioned, seems to correspond to the Khour Ayaz of the English Pilot. Berghaus, relying on Dupré, places Ras Sermutaf in lat. 27 43' N. and points out that it is designated by many authors under the name of Ras Berdistan. He proposes to call it the false Ras Berdistan. Horsburgh had also pointed out that the point forming the western limit of the Bay of Konkun, is sometimes wrongly called Cape Berdistan. Tomaschek had also noted that Cape Bardestan seems to have been designated by the name of Sar-Moutaf, but I am not aware of the reasons given by this author for supposing that Sar-Moutaf could correspond to the ancient Ras el Kämila where, in 917 (305 H.), Rached el Gholam ben Babechad ran aground, while travelling from Siraf to Bassorah ("Merveilles de l'Inde p. 161).] » #3059 K Lindberg, Voyage dans le Sud de l'Iran : carnet de route d'un me´dicin, a` la poursuite du ver de Me´dine., C.W.K. Gleerup, Lund, 1955 ~ p. 203
SOURCE for Uhm-Kheilah
« Many other places in the Persian Gulf are rendered classical by the allusions to them in the "Voyage of Nearchus," B.C. 328. To the West of Kongoon is Uhm-Kheilah, called by sailors, Cape Berdistan (or Verdistan) the "Place of Cold." » #782 Low, Charles Rathbone, History of the Indian Navy (1613-1863), Richard Bentley and Son, 1877 ~ vol1 p. 333
SOURCE for Verdistan

R39-037 Menkeli
R39-037 Menkeli : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: ISL UFI: -3076344 coordinate: lat 27.8224 long 51.471537
NIMA/GNS names: Jazireh-ye-Nakhilu , Nakhilu , نخيلو ,
VARIANT names: J Mongela , J. da palmeira , Jazireh-ye- Nakhilu , Menkeli , Monakillah I , Mongella , Monjellah , Monquelay islands , Mukhaila , Mukheilah , Om-en-chale , Palmeira , Umm-el-Nakheela ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Jazireh-ye- Nakhilu FOR Ras al-chel [Tomaschek],
SOURCE for J Mongela
« J Mongela » in {map#968 Golf van Persien, from, 1690s, Nationaal Archief, 4.VELH 156.2.14}
SOURCE for J. da palmeira
« J. da palmeira » in {map#834 Eastern Africa, Arabia, and India, Fernão Vaz Dourado, 1550-1575, The Huntington Library HM41 fol11} see PMC vol. 3 EST 269 and AHduGP map 34
« The small island of Monjella, as it is called in the English charts, lies from four to five leagues south-south-west of the point called Ras Berdistan by the natives, and the nearest part of the main land bears from it east-north-east about a league and a half. This island is called Umm-el-Nakheela, or the mother of palm trees: from a mother, the root, or primary cause: and Je the palm or date tree." This is literally the same as the Palmeira of the Portuguese: and it is highly probable that. in giving this name to it, they meant it to be a translation of the native one, which they found characteristic of the spot to which it was affixed. It is also the same as the Om-en-chále of Niebuhr, though he makes it a place on the continent, and not an island. The difference in sound between these names is not so great as in their orthography: but the manner of writing the last, proves decidedly that Mr. Niebuhr was not aware of the derivation of the name; and his placing it on the continent is equally a proof that his information was from report; for, if he had passed near to it, he would have seen an island as large as Shitwar, covered with date trees, and thus explaining the etymology of its name. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~ p. 437
SOURCE for Jazireh-ye- Nakhilu
« Omm ol Karam (Qurma) (27°50'N., 51°33'E.) and Nakhilu
(27°49'N., 51°28'E.) are low islets lying on an extensive shoal.
Nakhilu is recognized by a square, stone tomb in the middle of
the islet. A shoal, with a least depth of 3.7m, extends about 18
miles SE from Nakhilu. A drying bank of sand over rock, of
which Ras ol Motaf is the extremity, lies on this shoal.
14.15 This drying bank has been reported to extend further W and
S than charted. » #2696 Pub. 172 Sailing Directions (Enroute) Red Sea and The Persian Gulf, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Springfield, Virginia, U.S.A., 2022 ~ p. 298
SOURCE for Menkeli
« Menkeli » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Monakillah I
« Monakillah I » in #2959 Karl Müller, Tabula in Geographi graeci minores, Firmin-Didot et sociis, Paris, 1882, ~ table XV
SOURCE for Mongella
« RAS BERDISTAN, OR CAPE BERDISTAN, in lat. 27° 58' N. lon. 51° 26 E., is a remarkable headland, easily known by the Hills or Hummocks of Kenn, visible 15 leagues in clear weather, which are situated close to it; and to the southward, at 4 or 5 miles dis- tance, there is a small island covered with trees, called Mongella, or Monjellah. » #2590 James Horsburgh, The India Directory Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America, Black, Parbury and Allen, London, 1817: 1852 ~ vol 1 2 ed. P. 264
SOURCE for Monjellah
SOURCE for Monquelay islands
« fn. 1 'Monquelay' islands are almost certainly those of Nakhilu and Jabrin. Curzon's map of Persia calls the former Mokeileh, and Chesney's: map of Arabia and Syria has Monnkilah. Stein's and the War Office map referred to in the previous note show large sandbanks in their neighbourhood. » #385 ed. Fawcett, The Travels of the Abbe Carre in India and the near east 1672 to 1674, Hakluyt Society, London, 1947 ~ vol.1 pp. 95
SOURCE for Mukhaila
« Mukhaila » in {map#1016 Persian Gulf. Western Sheet, Constable and Stiffe, 1917, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3828/2837b}
SOURCE for Mukheilah
« am Aussenrande die langgestreckte Sanddüne Omm an-Nakheilah, vulgo Mukheilah genannt (vgl. Ras al-chel bei Balbi), mit zwei ragenden Dattelpalmen, daher auf portugiesischen Seekarten als ylha da Palmeira verzeichnet [on the outer edge the elongated sand dune Omm an-Nakheilah, commonly called Mukheilah (cf. Ras al-chel near Balbi), with two towering date palms, therefore listed as ylha da Palmeira on Portuguese nautical charts] » #2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890, vol. 121:issue 8: ~ p. 59
SOURCE for Om-en-chale
SOURCE for Palmeira
« Palmeira» in {map#990 Golfe Persique. Dresse en 1758 et publie en 76, Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon, 1776, David Rumsey Map Collection list no: 2603.025} see AHduGP map 75
SOURCE for Umm-el-Nakheela

R39-040 Khân : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PT UFI: -3070504 coordinate: lat 28.004269 long 51.325838
NIMA/GNS names: Damagheh-ye Khan , Jazireh-ye Khan , Ra's-e Khan , جزیره خان , دماغه خان , رءس خان ,
VARIANT names: Cap Kenn , Khan , Ras Khann , Ra's-e Khan ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Ra's-e Khan FOR Rasalchen [Olga],
SOURCE for Cap Kenn
« Cap Kenn » in #2959 Karl Müller, Tabula in Geographi graeci minores, Firmin-Didot et sociis, Paris, 1882, ~ table XV
SOURCE for Khan
« Khan » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Ras Khann
« Ras Khann » in #2959 Karl Müller, Tabula in Geographi graeci minores, Firmin-Didot et sociis, Paris, 1882, ~ table XV
SOURCE for Ra's-e Khan

R39-041 Kaougou
R39-041 Kaougou : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Hada Ku , Hadakan , Hadakuh , Hadkan , هدكان ,
VARIANT names: Hada Ku , Kaougou ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Hada Ku FOR Najiram [Le Strange],
SOURCE for Hada Ku
SOURCE for Kaougou
« Kaougou » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491

R39-042 Halile
R39-042 Halile : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Haleyleh , Halileh , Heleyleh , هليله ,
VARIANT names: Halile , Halileh , Hallela ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Halileh FOR Padargus fl. [Vincent],
SOURCE for Halile
« Halile » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Halileh
Ubaid pottery found outside main cultural area #429 Roaf, Michael, Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East, Facts on File Publications, New York, 1996, pp. 53 and 231
SOURCE for Hallela
« Hallela » in {map#1121 Routes from Bushire to Shiraz, , 1850, #1334 Monteith, William, Notes on the Routes from Bushire to Shiraz, etc., Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1857 27:108-19 ~}

R39-043 Bender-Bouchéhr
R39-043 Bender-Bouchéhr : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Abu Shehr , Abuschehr , Bandar Abu Shehr , Bandar Bushehr , Bandar-e Bushehr , Bouchehr , Buschir , Bushehr , Bushire , بندر بوشهر , بوشهر ,
VARIANT names: Abbeseer , Abïishehr , Abou-Chahr , Abousher , Abu Shahr , Abufchahhr , Alexandri , Antiochia in Persis , Bender-Bouchehr , Bocher , Booshuhr , Bouchyr , Bushahr , Bushehr , Bushir , Bushire , Chersonesos , Mesambria , Rev Ardeshir , Seleucia on the Erythraean Sea ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Bushire FOR Bascarde [Dames], POSSIBLE LOCATION at Bushire FOR Areon [Kempthorne],
SOURCE for Abbeseer
« Abbeseer (55 B) : Bushehr ? » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006 ~ index p. 412
« Abbeseer » in {map#1022 Persische Golf, Compiled by Jan de Marre. Published in Amsterdam by Johannes van Keulen, 1753, The Hague, Nationaal Archief, 4.VEL S6B 033 kaart(13)}
SOURCE for Abïishehr
« 22. Abushehr (Büshir), 28° 59' 7" N.B., 50° 49' 37" O.L. v. G., aan het uiteinde van een door zandbanken omringden landtong gelegen, is de voornaamste haven van Perzie, met omstr. 20 000 inw. Het werd reeds door Jaqüt in het midden der eeuw vermeld1), ook door Balbi (1586) Met Reixel = Rlshehr op Portug. kaarten (waarover lager), werd waarschijnlijk Büshir bedoeld. Van Loon heeft het als Abbeseer. Het bleef een onbeduidend plaatsje lot Nadir Shah (1688—1747) er, weinige jaren vóór zijn dood. aanving de vloot te bouwen waarmede hij hoopte zijn gezag over de geheele Golf te vestigen. Gamron, reeds vervallen door de aanhoudende onlusten gedurende den Afghaanschen inval, geraakte ook onder Nadir niet weder tot bloei, en zoowel de Nederl. als de Eng. O. I. Cie kozen achtereenvolgens andere havens voor hun bedrijf: Basra, Bender Rïg, het eiland Kharak. Ook te Büshir had onze Compagnie eenigen tijd een kantoor, maar de Engelschen, die er zich vestigden in 1764, voerden er met korte tusschenpoozen, wanneer weder Gamron of Basra de voorkeur kregen, van den aanvang af den boventoon. Nearchus landt hier en noemt het Mesambria (wellicht, meent Tom., de nabootsing van een verloren Perz. naam, b. v. madema vairiya — „wat zich te midden van den vloed bevindt", of wel naiwa-rauia — „Middag", in de beteekenis van den bestaanden naam van deze kust germsïr — heete landstreek). Hij beschrijft het als een „schiereiland met vele tuinen, waarin alle soorten van vruchtboomen groeien", hetgeen tot op zekere hoogte nog heden het geval is. Ptolemaeus heeft Chersonesos voor het schiereiland, zonder nadere aanduiding. Vincent (p. 395) meent dat de Grieken hiermede een woordelijke vertaling kunnen gegeven hebben van een reeds bestaanden oud-Perz. naam: Mesen — eiland, Ber — vasteland: Mesen-ber-ia, dat is dus omgekeerd Cherso nese. Dit heeft echter geen ingang gevonden.
I) De Morgan (Études Géograph., II, 300.) zegt ten onrechte dat Bushïr gesticht werd door Nadir Shah en hij haar Aba Chahr = Perè des cités noemde. Ook deze afleiding is betwistbaar, want Abü is een arab. en shehr het enkelvoud van een Perz. woord, waardoor de samenkoppeling dus onaannemelijk wordt. Houtum Schindler (bij Curzon, II, 231, note) vond in den Karnamek {Boek der Daden) van Ardeshïr Babekan, den eerste der Sasaniden, dat hij, vluchtende naar de kust voor de Parthen, „toen hij de zee aanschouwde God prees en daar aan een plek den naam Bokht- (= heeft verlost) Artakhshir gaf en er een tempel, aan het vuur gewijd, stichtte." De latere verkorting tot Büshir zou dan aannemelijk zijn (vgl. Bahmishlr van Bahman Ardeshir). Het is echter niet waarschijnlijk, dat deze afleiding het raadsel voor goed heeft opgelost.
[22. Abishehr (Büshir), 28° 59' 7" N., 50° 49' 37" E., situated at the extremity of a spit of land surrounded by sandbanks, is the principal port of Persia, with approx. 20 000 inh. It was already mentioned by Jaqüt in the middle of the century1), also by Balbi (1586) With Reixel = Rlshehr op Portug. cards (about which below), Büshir was probably meant. Van Loon has it as Abbeseer. It remained an insignificant place for Nadir Shah (1688-1747) a few years before his death. began to build the fleet with which he hoped to establish his authority over the entire Gulf. Gamron, already dilapidated by the continuing disturbances during the Afghan invasion, did not flourish again under Nadir either, and both the Nederl. as the Eng. O. I. Cie successively chose other ports for their company: Basra, Bender Rig, the island of Kharak. Our Company also had an office at Büshir for some time, but the English, who settled there in 1764, predominated from the outset at short intervals, when Gamron or Basra were again preferred. Nearchus lands here and calls it Mesambria (perhaps, thinks Tom., the imitation of a lost Persian name, e.g. madema vairiya — "that which is in the midst of the flood," or naiwa-rauia — "Afternoon," in the meaning of the existing name of this coast germsir — hot country). He describes it as a "peninsula with many gardens, in which all kinds of fruit trees grow," which is still the case to a certain extent today. Ptolemy has Chersonesos for the peninsula, without specifying. Vincent (p. 395) believes that the Greeks may have given a literal translation of an already existing old Persian name: Mesen — island, Ber — mainland: Mesen-ber-ia, that is the reverse Cherso nese However, this has not found acceptance.
I) De Morgan (Études Géograph., II, 300.) wrongly says that Bushir was founded by Nadir Shah and he called it Aba Chahr = Perè des cités. This derivation is also debatable, because Abu is an Arab. and shehr the singular of a Persian. word, making the combination implausible. Houtum Schindler (at Curzon, II, 231, note) found in the Karnamek (Book of Deeds) of Ardeshir Babekan, the first of the Sasanids, that, fleeing to the coast of the Parthians, "when he beheld the sea he praised God and there gave a place the name Bokht- (= has redeemed) Artakhshir and founded there a temple dedicated to the fire." The later shortening to Büshir would then be plausible (cf. Bahmishlr of Bahman Ardeshir). probably, that this derivation has solved the riddle for good.] » #2863 ed. A. Hotz, Cornelis Cornelisz Roobacker's Scheeps- Journaal Gamron-Basra (1645); De Eerste Reis Der Nederlanders door de Perzische Golf. In Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Tweede Serie, Deel Xxiv., Brill, Leiden, 1907 ~ p. 386
SOURCE for Abou-Chahr
#1839 Morgan, Jacques de, Mission scientifique en Perse Tome Second Études Géographiques, Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1895 vol. 2: ~ Fig. 142. Abou-Chahr p. 299
SOURCE for Abousher
« The same day in the evening, wee were at Abousher, which is a Castle. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 457
SOURCE for Abu Shahr
« Confident of his ability to challenge the British themselves, Shaikh Salman carried out his first direct hostile act against the British on July 18, 1765. Six of his Gallivats captured two British ships on their way from Abu Shahr to Basra, a small Company ship called Sally and the Company’s yacht. A few days later they captured Fort William (286), one of the British ships trading under Company protection. The capture of these ships marked the beginning of a long and arduous struggle between the British and Kaᶜb.
fn. 286 B.P.C., Vol. 28. Letter from Basra, Aug. 14, 1765. » #2977 Abdul Amir Amin, British Interests in the Persian Gulf 1747-1778 - thesis, University of Maryland, 1962 ~ p. 142
SOURCE for Abufchahhr
« A Ahhrán je quittois le Kaffle, avec quelques autres perſonnes, qui étoient ausſi à Cheval, et j'arrivois à la verité un peu incommodé et fatigué, mais d'ailleurs fort heureuſement à Abuſchähhr. [At Ahhrán I left the Kaffle, with some other people, who were also on horseback, and I arrived in truth a little inconvenienced and tired, but otherwise very happily at Abuſchähhr.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 148
SOURCE for Alexandri
« Alexandri: ‘From the river Rhogomanis to a peninsula 500 stadia. Opposite
this is an island called Alexandri’.(120) Bushehr.(121)
fn. 120 Schoff, Periplus of the Outer Sea (as in n. 111) 21.
fn. 121 W. Henkelman, pers. comm. » #2996 Potts, D., The islands of the XIVth Satrapy. Pp. 375-396 in Oetjen, R., ed. New perspectives in Seleucid history, archaeology and numismatics: Studies in honor of Getzel M. Cohen., Beiträge zur Altertumskunde 355, De Gruyter, 2019 ~ p. 393
SOURCE for Antiochia in Persis
#382 Potts, D.T., The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990 pp 15-6 D. T. Potts reviews the possible locations and states that the suggestion put forward by W. W. Tarn that the city was located at Bushire has been generally accepted.
SOURCE for Bender-Bouchehr
« La veille de notre départ de Bender-Bouchéhr, nous primes congé du cheykh, [The day before our departure from Bender-Bouchehr, we took leave of the sheikh,] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 52
« Bender-Bouchéhr » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Bocher
« After an hour's talk with him, I re-embarked in my taranquaine, which is the name of the vessels that navigate the Persian Gulf (1). I followed our route with a light wind from the sea, which took us near the Persian coast. About four o'clock in the afternoon we saw Bocher [Bushire], a little town on the Persian coast of which I will speak in another place; and, in passing two leagues below it, we also saw Richer [Rishahr], which appears to be a large fortress on the seashore, built in former times by the Portuguese at the mouth of a little river (2). By it was a beach between two mountains and a village in a wood, the verdure of which was a pleasant sight from the sea. It was once inhabited and under Portuguese rule, but is now deserted except for some poor Persians and Arabs, subjects of the King of Persia. That night and the following day we continued on our way along the coast.
fn. 1 Hamilton (1, 41) calls these boats 'trankies'. As to their nature and the supposed derivation of the word, see Sir W. Foster's note (ibid., 1, 226), and Hobson-Jobson, 937, where Couto is cited as calling them 'terranquims' in 1554, and Hanway tarranquins' in 1753. Pietro della Valle (Viaggi, IV, 437; tr. Havers, 238) also speaks of the barques on the Persian Gulf called 'terrankim'.
fn. 2 This was the former fortress of the ancient town of Rishahr, mentioned by Curzon, II, 235, and Wilson, p. 74 » #385 ed. Fawcett, The Travels of the Abbe Carre in India and the near east 1672 to 1674, Hakluyt Society, London, 1947 ~ vol.1 pp. 94-5
SOURCE for Booshuhr
« I only stayed long enough in Booshuhr to enable arrangements to be made for my journey to Sheeraz, and started after a couple of days. The road to Sheeraz has been so often, and in some cases, especially by Colonel Taylor, so well described, that there remains very little to say about it. It leaves the town and proceeds over an expanse of hard sand which gradually becomes more and more wet, and it is necessary to be very careful in following the track, or else to have a guide; as off the road, one might very soon get into a quicksand. » #1795 MacGregor , Charles Metcalfe, Narrative of a Journey through the Province of Khorassan, and on the N. W. Frontier of Afghanistan in 1875, ~ vol. 1 p. 14
SOURCE for Bouchyr
« Nous faisons halte au second village, et à deux heures, après le soleil couché, nous nous remettons en route dans la compagnie d'une caravane qui se rendait comme nous à Bouchyr. [We stopped at the second village, and at two o'clock, after the sun had set, we set off again in the company of a caravan which was going, like us, to Bouchyr.] » ##3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838., Librairie Encyclopédique De Roret, Paris, 1843 ~ pt.2 p. 510
SOURCE for Bushahr
SOURCE for Bushehr
« The two principal ports of foreign trade were Masqat and Basrah through one or other of which passed the great bulk of the goods that either entered or left the Gulf. It was calculated that more than half of the Indian imports at Bushehr and Basrah and the bulk of those into Bahrain were received through Masqat; and, similarly, the goods arriving by land from Europe, Asia Minor, etc., were distributed from Basrah as a centre. Bushehr was now practically the only port of Persia, as Basrah was of Turkish Iraq; Bahrain served Hasa and Central Arabia through Zubarah and Qatif; and Masqat was almost exclusively a port of transit. Bushehr and Kuwait were sometimes used as bases from which to smuggle goods into Turkish Iraq and even across Turkish Iraq to Europe. » #660 Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1915 ~ vol. 1 pt. 1 p. 166
« Bushehr is situated at the northern end of a cigar-shaped peninsula of quaterny sandstone, about 12 miles long by 4 miles broad in the widest part, running parallel to the mainland and joined to it in the middle by a sandy plain about 20 miles wide, known as the Mashilah, which in winter more resembled a marsh. The town was a little above sea level, and until the early nineteenth century it was frequently an island, from rising tides.(3) In fact, in 1673 the town was described as being “surrounded on the west by a river, which is navigable for large boats, sand on the other side is embellished by woods and palm-groves. Most of the inhabitants are Arabs, the rest are Persians.”(4) However, already by mid-nineteenth century this flooding of the marsh was a rare occurrence, while towards the end of the century Bushehr had in fact become a peninsula.(5)
fn. 5. The origin of the name Bushehr is unclear. Popular etymology has it that the name means Abu Shahr or Father of the City, which is very doubtful. Equally doubtful is A. Houtum Schindler’s suggestion that the name is a contraction of Bokht Ardashir (Ardashir has delivered). Curzon 1892, vol. 1, p. 231; E`temad al-Saltaneh 1294-96/1877-80, vol. 1, p. 300 mentions that Bushehr sometimes became an island. For the situation in 1913, see Report on the Trade 1913-14, p. 1. » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 4
SOURCE for Bushir
« The stoney peninsula of Bushir, 130 miles north west of Siraf, is connected to the mainland by a marshy area. Some surface findings at the end of the 19th century. Then Pezard's excavations in 1910 and finally Williamson' s survey have shed some light on the history of the city . » #2809 R. Boucharlat, J.-F. Salles, The History and Archaeology of The Gulf From The Fifth Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D.: A Review Of The Evidence, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, London, 1981, Vol. 11:pp. 65-94 ~ p. 69
« Bushlr has been identified with Antioch of Persis (Ptolemy, VI, 4, 2) already mentioned in an inscription from Magnesia upon the Meander (Tarn 1951 : 270 note 11). » #2809 R. Boucharlat, J.-F. Salles, The History and Archaeology of The Gulf From The Fifth Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D.: A Review Of The Evidence, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, London, 1981, Vol. 11:pp. 65-94 ~ p. 70
SOURCE for Bushire
« Nov. 9th.-We entered the gate of Bushire at sun-rise, rode to the British factory, and, leaving our horses, went straight to the bath; after which, we walked through the dirty and sandy town, to the Resident's house. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 344
SOURCE for Chersonesos
« 22. Abïishehr (Büshir) … Hij beschrijft het als een "schiereiland met vele tuinen, waarin alle soorten van vruchtboomen groeien", hetgeen tot op zekere hoogte nog heden het geval is. Ptolemaeus heeft Chersonesos voor het schiereiland, zonder nadere aanduiding. Vincent (p. 395) meent dat de Grieken hiermede een woordelijke vertaling kunnen gegeven hebben van een reeds bestaanden oud-Perz. naam: Mesen = eiland, Ber = vasteland: Mesen-ber-ia, dat is dus omgekeerd Cherso nese. Dit heeft echter geen ingang gevonden. [22. Abïishehr (Büshir) ... He describes it as a "peninsula with many gardens, in which grow all kinds of fruit trees", which to some extent is still the case today. Ptolemy has Chersonesos for the peninsula, without further designation. Vincent (p. 395) believes that the Greeks could have given a literal translation of an already existing old Persian name: Mesen = island, Ber = mainland: Mesen-ber-ia, which is Chersonese in reverse. However, this has not found acceptance. ] » #2863 ed. A. Hotz, Cornelis Cornelisz Roobacker's Scheeps- Journaal Gamron-Basra (1645); De Eerste Reis Der Nederlanders door de Perzische Golf. In Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Tweede Serie, Deel Xxiv., Brill, Leiden, 1907, ~ pp. 386-7
SOURCE for Mesambria
« ‘In this passage they had followed the winding of the coast round a peninsula, (on which they saw plantations and gardens, with all kinds of fruit-trees,) and anchored at a place called Mesambria.'* This, therefore, could be only descriptive of the peninsula of Bushire, to the northward of which this station is to be sought for. * Voyage of Nearchus, c. 39. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~
SOURCE for Rev Ardeshir
« Finally, Bushir is certainly the Sasanian Rev Ardeshir (Whitehouse
and Williamson 1973: 40-2 ). It is an important foundation of Ardeahir I
(22 4-242 ) on t he Coast, which emphasises, if needed, the Sasanian kings'
interest in supervising the Gulf trade (Tabari, in Noldeke 1879: 19) .
Rev Ardeshir was the diocesan centre of the Christian archbishop of Fars,
created in 415 / 420 , but Christians were already numerous in 341 when
Shapur II persecuted them (Fiey 1969: 182; 1974: 283-4) . » #2809 R. Boucharlat, J.-F. Salles, The History and Archaeology of The Gulf From The Fifth Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D.: A Review Of The Evidence, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, London, 1981, Vol. 11:pp. 65-94 ~
SOURCE for Seleucia on the Erythraean Sea
#382 Potts, D.T., The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990 pp 15-6 Potts reviews the possible locations and states that the suggestion put forward by W. W. Tarn that the city was located at Bushire has been generally accepted.

R39-044 Serchat
R39-044 Serchat : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: INLT UFI: -3080410 coordinate: lat 29.253815 long 50.669447
NIMA/GNS names: Khar Qoseyr , Khor-al-Quesair , Khor-al-Qusair , Khowr al Qofeyr , Khowr ol Qoseyr , Khowr-e Goseyr , خور گسیر ,
VARIANT names: Khor Gasseir , Khor Kayir , Khor-al-Qusair , Serchat ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Khor-al-Qusair FOR Nuchlat [PBR],
SOURCE for Khor Gasseir
« Khor Gasseir » in {map#1083 Abrianus nicomedensis.tab XV Nearchi navigatio ab Indo ad Euphratem, Karl Müller, 1882, #2959 Karl Müller, Tabula in Geographi graeci minores, Firmin-Didot et sociis, Paris, 1882 ~}
« Khore Gassair is rather a large rivulet. Its entrance is in lat. 29° 11' 20" N., long. 50° 40' 50" E. It has a fathom and a quarter at low-water at the entrance, and two and a half and three fathoms inside at low- water. » #115 Thomas R. Hughes (ed.), Arabian Gulf Intelligence: Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government, New Series, No. XXIV, 1856, Oleander Press Ltd, Cambridge:New York, 1985, ~ p. 584
SOURCE for Khor Kayir
« The description , however, appears to refer to the island at the mouth of the Khor Kayir. » #2998 William Ainsworth, A Personal Narrative of the Euphrates Expedition, K.Paul, Trench and Company, London, ~ vol. 2 p. 120
SOURCE for Khor-al-Qusair
SOURCE for Serchat
« Serchat » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491

R39-045 Bender-Rick
R39-045 Bender-Rick : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar Rig , Bandar-e Rig , Rig , بندر ريگ ,
VARIANT names: Bandar-e Rig , Bender Regh , Bender Rig , Bender-Rick , Bunder Reig , Bunderick , Rade d Banderic ,
SOURCE for Bandar-e Rig
« The two islands of Kharg and Khargu belonged to the Ruler of Bandar Rig. Kharg was inhabited by a tribe of sailors who acted as pilots to European ships on the channel to Basra. European travellers visited Kharg since the sixteenth century, but their remarks about the place usually are very summary.(44)
fn. 44 Teixeira, Travels, pp. 24-25; De la Boullaye de Gouz, Voyages, p. 286; Hotz, 'Roobacker', pp. 362-363; Foster, Englishfactories (1642-1645), pp. 186,273. » #1558 Slot, B. J., The Arabs of the Gulf, 1602-1784 : an alternative approach to the early history of the Arab Gulf states and the Arab peoples of the Gulf, mainly based on sources of the Dutch East India Company, 1993 ~ p. 15
« Just as they could not tolerate French expansion in India, the British regarded the activities of the Dutch in the Persian Gulf a danger to British interests that must be halt forthwith. For all these reasons, therefore, the Company came to favor the establishment of a new settlement in the northern part of the Persian Gulf at Bandar Riq. » #2977 Abdul Amir Amin, British Interests in the Persian Gulf 1747-1778 - thesis, University of Maryland, 1962 ~ p. 58
SOURCE for Bender Regh
« Bender Regh » in Map of Susiana or Khoozistan in #852 Vincent, William, The commerce and navigation of the ancients in the Indian Ocean, T. Cadell jun. and W. Davies, London, 1807 ~ vol. 1 after p. 480
SOURCE for Bender Rig
« BENDER (d. h. Handelshafen) RIG, Rigk, Rech, Reig, Reeg, ist von Macd. Kinneir besucht worden. Die Stadt (Rhogonis des Nearch), welche dicht an der See steht und von einer elenden Lehmmauer umgeben ist, war einst der Sitz eincs gefürchteten Freibeüters, ist aber jetzt verfallen. Die Entfernung von Buschir beträgt 32 Meilen (15), die, mit Rücksicht auf die Krüm- mungen des Landweges längs der Buschir - Bucht, Bender Rigk in Lat. 29° 16' N. setzt. Damit stimmt die Beobachtung älterer englischer Seefahrer vollkommen überein (16).
fn. 15 Kinneir Mem. 455.
fn. 16 Nieb . Descr . 290.
[BENDER (i.e. trading port) RIG, Rigk, Rech, Reig, Reeg, is from Macd. Kinneir was visited. The city (Rhogonis of Nearchus), which stands close to the sea and is surrounded by a miserable mud wall, was once the seat of a feared privateer, but is now in ruins. The distance from Bushir is 32 miles (15), which, taking into account the curvatures of the land route along Bushir Bay, is Bender Rigk in Lat. 29° 16' N. The observations of older English seafarers agree completely with this (16).
fn. 16 Nieb . Descr. 290
] » #2992 Berghaus, Heinrich, Geo-Hydrographisches Memoir Zur Erklärung Und Erläuterung Der Reduzirten Karte Vom Persischen Golf Berghaus' Atlas von Asia, Gotha, ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Bender-Rick
« Bender-Rick » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Bunder Reig
« Bunder Reig, once the stronghold of' the celebrated pirate Neer Mahura, who was the terror of the Gulf, and who even ventured to rebist the power of Kerim Khan. When the place was taken he retired to Karak, from whence he was driven by the English fleet ;(1) the fortifications of Bunder Reig were razed, since which time it has entirely fallen from its ancieiit importance, though it has continued to be the residence of the principal Arab Sheikh on the coast, after the Governor of Bushire.
fn. 1 He is said to have fired red-hot shot at our vessels tweuty years before they were used at Gibraltar. He was ultimately executed at Grain by the Turkish authorities. » #1334 Monteith, William, Notes on the Routes from Bushire to Shiraz, etc., Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1857, 27:108-19 ~ p. 108
SOURCE for Bunderick
« Bunderick » in {map#1117 Chart of the Head of the Gulph of Persia, John McCluer (Dalrymple edition), 1786, British Library: 435.k.17, folio 367}
SOURCE for Rade d Banderic
« Rade d Banderic » in {map#980 Plan particulier du golfe de Perse, depuis les caps de Rosalgatte et de Jasque, jusqu'à Bassora / [d'Après de Mannevillette] ; Dheulland sculp, Anonyme, Guillaume Dheulland, Graveur, 1700-1799, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE DD-2987 (6746)} see AHduGP map 74

R39-046 Guenaoa
R39-046 Guenaoa : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar Ganaveh , Bandar-e Ganaveh , Bandar-e Genaveh , Bandar-e-Gonaveh , Ganaveh , Genaveh , Gonaveh , Kenareh , بندر گناوه ,
VARIANT names: Canawah , Djannaba , Djunnaba , Ganafa , Ganaveh , Ganawa , Gannaba , Genaveh , Gennaba , Ghenowa , Giannaba , Gonara , Guenaoa , Gunawa , Gunewah , Jannaba , Jannabah , Jeannahab ,
SOURCE for Canawah
« Canawah » in {map#1060 Persia, Afghanistan, and Belouchistan., Philip, George, 1910, david Rumsey Map Collection list no: 15487.080}
SOURCE for Djannaba
« DJANNABA, (Djannābā, Djunnāba), arabicized forms of Ganafa, a town and port in the VIIth ustan (Fars) of Persia. The name is a corruption of Gand-āb, 'stinking water', so called because of the bad quality of its water (see Ibn al-Balkhi, Färsnama, 149 and Ḥamd Allah Mustawfi, Nuzha, 130). Ganafa is situated on the coast of the Persian Gulf in Lat. 29° 35' N. and Long. 50° 31' E. In former times it was an important manufacturing centre where cloths of good quality were produced. Pearl- fishing was also carried on from there. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 2 p. 452a
SOURCE for Djunnaba
SOURCE for Ganafa
« DJANNABA, (Djannābā, Djunnāba), arabicized forms of Ganafa, a town and port in the VIIth ustan (Fars) of Persia. The name is a corruption of Gand-āb, 'stinking water', so called because of the bad quality of its water (see Ibn al-Balkhi, Färsnama, 149 and Ḥamd Allah Mustawfi, Nuzha, 130). Ganafa is situated on the coast of the Persian Gulf in Lat. 29° 35' N. and Long. 50° 31' E. In former times it was an important manufacturing centre where cloths of good quality were produced. Pearl-fishing was also carried on from there. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 2 p. 452a
SOURCE for Ganaveh
« Near Ganaveh are some extensive ruins, probably marking the site of the Jannābah of the mediaeval Arab and Persian geographers.*
fn. * See Le Strange's Lands of the Fastern Caliphate. The Carmathian Abu Tahir is said to have been bom at Jannabah, which was also celebrated in the middle ages for the manufacture of linen stuffs. » #660 Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1915 ~ vol. 2 p. 202
« 5. Quant à Taoce, on en retrouve le nom dans celui de Taûg, ou Taûag [Tawwag] selon qu’il se lit dans la version de l’Édrisi par les Maronites….et marquant sa distance d’un lieu maritime et plus éloigné, nommé Gennaba [Bandar Ganaveh], de douze parasanges, l’Édrisi y compte trente-six milles, ce qui est correspondant. Par la route que décrit l’Édrisi de Shiraz à Taûag, faisant compter quatrevingt- seize milles, il indique le même total de distance dans un autre endroit’ (d’Anville 1764: 161–162). [5. As for Taoce, we find its name in that of Taûg, or Taûag [Tawwag] as it reads in the version of the Edrisi by the Maronites….and marking its distance from a maritime place and more distant, named Gennaba [Bandar Ganaveh], of twelve parasangs, the Edrisi counts there thirty-six miles, which is corresponding. By the route described by the Edrisi from Shiraz to Taûag, counting ninety-six miles, he indicates the same total distance in another place’ (d’Anville 1764: 161–162).] » #2839 Edited by Jebrael Nokandeh and Abdolreza Dashtizadeh, The Persian Gulf, an Archaeological Perspective, National Museum of Iran, Qeshm, 2019 ~ p. 347
SOURCE for Ganawa
« 10. GANAWA ( [sic]), a large and flourishing town which is a resort of merchants and possesses much wealth. From it come mani- fold textiles (jama). In the sea of Ganafa (t [sic]) there is a pearl bank (ma'dan-i murvaridh). Bū Sa'id Daqqaq, who carried on propaganda (da'vat kard) and took Bahrayn, was from this place. Sulayman ibn al-Hasan al-Qarmati was the son of Ibn Ba Sa'id. » #2901 V Minorsky, Hudud Al Alam The Regions Of The World, Luzac and printed at the University Press, Oxford, for the Trustees of the 'EJW Gibb Memorial', London, 1937 ~ p. 127
« Abulfeda (1274-1331) places Siraf on the coast between Jannabah (Ganáwah) » #571 Stiffe, A. W., Ancient Trading Centres of the Persian Gulf, I. Siraf, The Geographical Journal, London, 1895 (Aug.), 6:2:166-73 ~ p. 172
SOURCE for Gannaba
Yaq II, 122-23, LS 273-74, Schw 125, EI II 464 » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 49
SOURCE for Genaveh
SOURCE for Gennaba
SOURCE for Ghenowa
« The village of Ghenowa, where he was encamped, was filled with his horsemen and ' tufungjis ' (matchlock-men) . As the weather was delightfully warm , I passed the night on my small carpet in the open air. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 474
SOURCE for Giannaba
« Giannaba » in {map#917 The empire of the great Turke in Europe, Asia and Africa, William Berry, 1685, National Library of Israel sys. No. 990026261540205171} see AHduGP map 89
SOURCE for Gonara
« Jeannahab » in {map#1083 Abrianus nicomedensis.tab XV Nearchi navigatio ab Indo ad Euphratem, Karl Müller, 1882, #2959 Karl Müller, Tabula in Geographi graeci minores, Firmin-Didot et sociis, Paris, 1882 ~}
SOURCE for Guenaoa
«Guenaoa » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Gunawa
« From this to Gunawa is 9 miles ; here the ruins of a considerable town are visible standing about a mile from the sea ; there is at present only a small Arab village on the spot, but it is supplied with numerous wells of good water. » #1334 Monteith, William, Notes on the Routes from Bushire to Shiraz, etc., Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1857, 27:108-19 ~ p. 108
SOURCE for Gunewah
« Gunewah » in {map#1117 Chart of the Head of the Gulph of Persia, John McCluer (Dalrymple edition), 1786, British Library: 435.k.17, folio 367}
SOURCE for Jannaba
« Jannāba [place name] 87;20, 30;15 (50;33, 29;34) [coordinates] 73r:3,83 [reference] Mod. Ganaveh (LS, p. 294), on the Gulf coast, west of Shirāz [remarks] » #1425 Kennedy, E. S.:Kennedy, M.-H., Al-Kashi’s Geographical Table, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1987, New Series ~ p.15
SOURCE for Jannabah
« This gulf has a triangular shape, at one angle el-Obollah is situated, thence the gulf extends towards the east along Faris. Of the places situated on this coast, we name Persian Daurak دورق الغرس Máherbán [arabic] (Mahrúbán), and Shíníz; from this town the embroidered Shinízee cloth has its name; for this and other sorts of clothes are manufactured there: farther the town of Jannábah, has its الثياب الجنابية whence the Janabeen clothes name; the town of Najíram belonging to » #228 El Masudi trans. Aloys Springer, El Masudi's Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems, Oriental Translation Fund, London, 1841 ~ p. 266
« The Dastakan district was also of the Sîf Muzaffar, and in the 4th (10th) century its chief town was called Saffarah. The district itself appears to have been in the neighbourhood of Jannâbah, but the exact position of the town of Saffarah is unknown(1).
Fn. 1 Possibly this Dastakan district is identical with the coast of the Bani-as- Saffär, already mentioned. Ist. 34, 106, 116, 127, 141, 154- Muk. 422, 426, 427. F. N. 73, 74 a. Yak. iii. 211, 217. Mst. 172. The ruins of Siráf are described by Captain Stiffe in the J. R. G. S. 1895, p. 166. » #895 Le Strange, G., The lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia from the Moslem conquest to the time of Timur., Cambridge University Press, London, 1905, ~ p. 259
SOURCE for Jeannahab

R39-047 Bough
R39-047 Bough : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bang , Binak , Binak Kuh-e Bank , Bing , Bonak , بنك , بنگ , بينك , بينگ , بینک کوه بابک ,
VARIANT names: Bang , Bough ,
SOURCE for Bang
SOURCE for Bough
« Bough » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491

R39-048 Bender-Deloûm
R39-048 Bender-Deloûm : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPLX UFI: 14492466 coordinate: lat 30.051222 long 50.15932 NIMA/GNS names: Mahalleh-ye Sheykh-e Zangiha , Sheykh-e Zangiha-ye Deylam , شیخ زنگی ها دیلم , محله شیخ زنگی ها , VARIANT names: Bandar-e Beylam , Bender Dilum , Bender-Delem , Bender-Deloum , Bunder Dellim , Dilam , Dilan port , Sheykh-e Zangiha-ye Deylam , SOURCE for Bandar-e Beylam « Titel: Pataveh 1990 - Court type caravanserai at the road Esfahan - Yasudj - Dehdasht - Bebahan - Bandar-e Beylam » [accessed 10 Apr 2025] SOURCE for Bender Dilum « A breeze which sprang up at noon next day enabled us to reach Bender Dilum about sunset. I was hospitably received by Haji Aga, the brother of Haji Hassan, the 'lala' or tutor of Mehemet Taki Khan's children, and I passed the night in his humble hut. I was informed by my host that Mehemet Ali Beg, tired of waiting for me, and probably ima-gining that having once rejoined my countrymen I should not be disposed to leave them again, had left Bender Dilum for Kala Tul, taking my horse with him. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 473 SOURCE for Bender-Delem « Friday the ninth of October at break of day, we faw the Land near to us on the Right Hand, and we were becalmed till about ten a Clock in the Morning, when we had an cafie South-Weft Gale, with which we flood off a little from the thoar, bearing away North-West: we made fo good way with this Gale, that at one of the Clock after Noon, we were off and on with Bender-Delem; and about fix a Clock in the Evening we weathered a little point of Land, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thevenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687, ~ Part II., p. 152 SOURCE for Bender-Deloum « Bender-Deloûm » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491 SOURCE for Bunder Dellim « Bunder Dellim » in {map#1105 Sketch Map of the Gulf of Persia' [?32r] (1/2), , 1863, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F126/48, f 31, in Qatar Digital Library} « We passed through a range of low hills about 15 miles to Hissar, a collection of six or seven villages; the road is good, and the wells here also afford good water. Fire miles farther is Mahmade, then six to Bunder Delim, once a place of trade belonging to the Dutch, whose factory is still pointed ont, but now only a miserable fishing village; the water is indifferent and at the distance of a mile from the town. » #1334 Monteith, William, Notes on the Routes from Bushire to Shiraz, etc., Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1857, 27:108-19 ~ p. 108-9 SOURCE for Dilam « Dilam was once a place of some size and importance. In the eighteenth century it was a trading-port of the Dutch, the remains of whose factory are still to be traced. Possessing one of the best roadsteads in the Gulf, it is the starting- point of the principal caravan-route to Behbehan and Ram Hormuz, though the town itself has dwindled to a petty village of a few hundred souls. From the interior are brought grain, cotton, wool, ghi, and dried fruits for transmission to the other Gulf ports; while sugar, tea, and cotton fabrics are imported in the main from Bushire, and dates from Busrah or Mohammerah. Its customs were farmed in 1889-90 for 7,200 tomans. » #1116 Curzon, George N., Persia and the Persian Question, Cass: Longmans Green and Co, 1966: 1892, ~ vol. 2 p. 401 SOURCE for Dilan port « Dilan port » in {map#1033 Asia. Persian Gulf [173r], Guy, Brucks, Constable, Stiffe, 1933, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/3924, f 173, in Qatar Digital Library} SOURCE for Sheykh-e Zangiha-ye Deylam

R39-049 Endian
R39-049 Endian : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Hendeyan , Hendian , Hendijan , Hendijan Kuchek , Hendijar , Hindian , Hindijan , هندیجان ,
VARIANT names: Endian , Hindijan , Hindiyan , Hinduwan ,
SOURCE for Endian
« Endian » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Hindijan
« The mediaeval town of Hindijän itself (also known as Hindiyan or Hinduwän), which gives its name to the district, was a market town containing remains of fire temples and water-wheels.(40) There are still remains today at Hindijän village, as well as at the village of Dih Mullah in the same district.(41)
fn. 41 J. G. Lorimer, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, 'Oman and Central Arabia, 3 vols., Calcutta, 1908-15), II, pp. 728-32. » #1121 Ball, Warwick, Some rock-cut monuments in Southern Iran, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1986, 24:95-115 ~ p. 271
SOURCE for Hindiyan
see source « Hindijān »
SOURCE for Hinduwan

R39-050 Derabenna petit îlot
R39-050 Derabenna petit îlot : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: ISL UFI: -3059240 coordinate: lat 30.100949 long 49.108718
NIMA/GNS names: Dara Island , Dareh , Jazireh-ye Dara , جزیره دارا ,
VARIANT names: Achearine , Daira , Derabenna petit îlot , Derah , Deyrah I , Durda , Jazireh-ye Dara ,
SOURCE for Achearine
« Achearine » next to « Derah » in {map#1068 Part of the Coast of Persia from Ras Tuloop to Bushire, Brucks and Robert Cogan, 1826, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3635/41, in Qatar Digital Library}
SOURCE for Daira
« Daira » in {map#1016 Persian Gulf. Western Sheet, Constable and Stiffe, 1917, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3828/2837b}
«Daira island is low and partly swampy; it lies 3 miles S.W. of Banna, and there is a deep water khor between them, running to the southward, called Khor Wásta. Aich Shaham, a sand-bank lying southward of this island, is steep-to. To the northward of these islands are many banks with deep channels between, lying on the east side of Khor Músa, which have not been explored; the channels have in places 15 fathoms and upwards. » #2904 The Persian Gulf Pilot 3rd edition, The Hydrographic Office , Admiralty, London, 1890 ~ p.293
SOURCE for Derabenna petit îlot
« Derabenna petit îlot » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Derah
« Derah » in {map#1068 Part of the Coast of Persia from Ras Tuloop to Bushire, Brucks and Robert Cogan, 1826, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3635/41, in Qatar Digital Library}
SOURCE for Deyrah I
« Deyrah I. » in {map#1060 Persia, Afghanistan, and Belouchistan., Philip, George, 1910, david Rumsey Map Collection list no: 15487.080}
SOURCE for Durda
« Durda » in {map#1092 A draught of the gulf of Persia from cape Rosulgatt to Busero river, Anonymous English, 1721, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE SH 18 PF 209 DIV 2 P 11 D} see AHduGP map 91
SOURCE for Jazireh-ye Dara

R39-051 Boussef
R39-051 Boussef : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 30.037005 long 48.892954 † basis (p)
Supplement: location not known, no references found, based on farengs in Dupré, Voyage en Perse
VARIANT names: Boussef ,
SOURCE for Boussef
« Boussef » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491

R39-052 Behmichir
R39-052 Behmichir : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: STM UFI: -3054787 coordinate: lat 30.107762 long 48.583732
NIMA/GNS names: Khor Bahmanshir , Khowr-e Bahmanshir , Rudkhaneh-ye Bahmanshir , رودخانه بهمن شیر ,
VARIANT names: Bahmisher river , Bamishere , Behmichir , Khor Bahmanshir ,
SOURCE for Bahmisher river
« Bahmisher river » in {map#1321 'Mouth of the Euphrates, Shatt Al Arab and Bahmishir River'. September 1912 Edition [?1r] (1/2), British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3828/1235/1912, in Qatar Digital Library, , , }
SOURCE for Bamishere
« It has generally, though erroneously, been supposed, that the Shat-ool-Arab, (the combined stream of the Euphrates and Tigris,) enters the Persian Gulf by a variety of mouths. This mistake has probably arisen from the ignorance of navigators, about the rivers of Susiana, concluding that the seven channels which issue from the Deita into the sea, at no great distance from each other, were derived from the Shat-ool-Arab, the river with which they were chiefly acquainted. These channels, or khores, as they are called in Mr Cluer's map, preserve the following order: Cossisa Bouny, Bamishere, Karoon, Seluge, Mohilla, Goban, and Deria Bona. If it be proved that the Bamishere, the next in succession, as well as in magnitude, to the Cossisa Bouny, or Shat-ool-Arab, is not in the least augmented by the waters of the latter, clearly none of the others can; for the only means of communication is by the Hafar cut. Now, the Bamishere is the main stream of the Karoon. » #3458 The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia vol. 8, Joseph Parker, 1832 ~ p. 821
SOURCE for Behmichir
« Behmichir » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Khor Bahmanshir
« 37. The enumeration ofl ocalities is probably borrowed from Ist., 89, 94,
and passim. The only curious and new detail is "the mouth of Shir"
(dahana-yi Shir) which may refer to the Bahamshir canal running to the
east of the (Abbadan island, parallel to the Tigris. According to Maq., 419,
a canal between the Karūn and Tigris was built only under the Būyid 'Adud
al-daula (A.D. 949-83), cf. Barthold, Obzor, 127, and the canal, now called
Bahamshir (still navigable), was probably the natural outlet of the river
into the Persian Gulf. Cf. The Persian Gulf Pilot, Admiralty, 1864, p. 225. » #2901 V Minorsky, Hudud Al Alam The Regions Of The World, Luzac and printed at the University Press, Oxford, for the Trustees of the 'EJW Gibb Memorial', London, 1937, ~ p. 214
« This channel is
little more than a mile in length ; the other constitutes
the Bahamshír, a channel extending to the Gulf, and
partaking of the characters of a river, and of an inlet of
the sea. » #2984 William Francis Ainsworth, Researches in Assyria, Babylonia and Chaldaea, Forming Part of the Labours of the Euphrates Expedition, JohnW. Parker, London, 1838 ~ p. 200

R39-053 Mehdân
R39-053 Mehdân : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Abadan , آبادان ,
VARIANT names: Abadan , Mehdan ,
SOURCE for Abadan
SOURCE for Mehdan
« Mehdân » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491

R39-054 Bassora
R39-054 Bassora : place IRQ
NIMA/GNS names: Al Basrah , Basra , Basra , Basrah , Bassora , Bassorah , Bassorah , Bassra , Busra , Busrah , Bussora ,
VARIANT names: Al Basrah , Al-Basra , Baçora , Balsara , Basra , Basrah , Bassora , Bassorah , Basurate , Bussorah , Pi-ssi-lo ,
SOURCE for Al Basrah
« La conquista di Hormoz da parte degli Arabi risale alla seconda metà del VI1 secolo; già sotto il califfato di ‘Umar (634-644 A.D.), il Governatore di al-Basrah, Abu Musa ‘Abdallah ibn Qais al-Ashari, ed il Governatore di Oman e Bahrein, Uthman ibn Abi’As ath-Thaqafi, avevano attraversato il Golfo Persico servendosi di naviglio locale, ed avevano occupata alcuni caposaldi costieri nel Fars, penetrando nello Zagros. » #294 Piacentini, Valeria Fiorani, L'emporio ed il regno di Hormoz (VIII-fine XV sec. d. Cr.) : vicende storiche problemi ed aspetti di una civiltáa costiera del golfo persico, Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere, Milano, 1975 ~ p. 37
SOURCE for Al-Basra
« Al-Basra’s hinterland was vast: merchants arrived from Aleppo, Damascus, Mausil, Bagdad and minor market centres (266). Therefore, Al-Basra could be affected by the Ottoman- Safavid struggle for eIraq-e ‘Arab despite its long independence from either of the two foes. Disruptions of trade occurred when warfare rendered traffic along connecting overland routes impossible (267). Along the sealanes, no serious obstructions of traffic bound for Al-Basra on the part of the Safavids were recorded after the 1620’s, although the covetous eye of individual Safavid port officials would occasionally fall on a richly laden vessel on its way to Al-Basra (268). More detrimental were the protracted wars prior to the eviction of Huseyn Pāšā: in 1665, he confiscated provisions and boat-loads of goods which travelled upstream from Al-Basra in order to feed his ill-prepared forces defending the province near Al-Qurna (269).
fn. 266 ARA VOC 1210, fl.937rff.: J. Barra, Al-Basra, to Amsterdam, dated 20/10/1656.
fn. 267 For the situation in the 1620’s see C. ROMER (1989), Die osmanische Belagerung Bagdads 1034-35/1625-26. Ein Augenzeugenbericht, Der Islam LXVI/1, 119-136.
fn. 268 Somewhat surprisingly, the governor of Bandar-e Kong prevented an English ship from leaving for Al-Basra in spring 1640, after the peace of Zuhab, see EFI1 VI, 245f: W. Thurston et al., Al-Basra, to London, dated 22/6/1640. IOR G/36/102B, on the other hand, is mistaken in blaming Safavid-Ottoman hostilities for slackening trade, as suggested in D. Rizk KHOURY (1991), 63: except for an aborted expedition into Azarbalgan the two empires were at peace. On the other hand, the Afrasiyab-Ottoman struggle for the fortress Zakiya, the Cretan wars, and the Dutch blockade of Safavid ports in 1645 reduced the volume of trade in that season, Nevertheless, sufficient coins were exported to sustain the trading season in Sind, EFI1 VIII, 60f.: J. Spiller, Sindi road, to Surat, dated 8/12/1646.
fn. 269 This episode is recorded both in Ottoman and Basran chronicles, see S. LONGRIGG (1925), 114, and archival sources. However, some of the latter specify that the merchants thus dispossessed on their way to Bagdad were Armenians, not Basran traders, see ARA VOC 1528ff.: J. Vogel, Al-Basra, to Amsterdam, dated 8/3/1666. » #2879 Rudiger KLEIN, Trade in the Safavid Port City Bandar Abbas and the Persian Gulf Area (ca. 1600-1680) A Study of Selected Aspects - Thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, 1993/4 ~ p. 118
SOURCE for Baçora
« As galés turcas meteram-se pelo canal que há entre aquela ilha e o con tinente e daí soltaram rumo para Baçorá. Enquanto o galeão de Gonçalo Pereira Marramaque seguia para Ormuz a reboque de algumas fustas, » #2821 Monteiro, Armando da Silva Saturnino, Batalhas e combates da Marinha Portuguesa, 1992 ~ vol. 3 p. 161
« A 30 de Janeiro fui avizado de Ormuz como os Turcos, que estão de goarnição em Babilonia, desceram pelo Eufrates abaixo e tomarão huma terra que se chama Zaquia, onde fizerão huma fortaleza a borda do rio Eufrates, na terra da banda da Persia, obra de um dia e meyo de caminho da cidade de Baçora pelo rio acima. [On the 30th of January I was told from Hormuz how the Turks, who are in charge of Babylon, have gone down the Euphrates and will take a land called Zaquia, where they will build a fortress on the bank of the Euphrates River, in the land on the side of Persia, work a day and a half way upriver from the city of Baçora.] » #2545 Edic¸a~o cri´tica por Armando Cortesa~o e Lui´s de Albuquerque, Obras completas de D. Joa~o de Castro, Academia Internacional da Cultura Portuguesa, Coimbra, 1968-1981 ~ vol. 3 p. 286
SOURCE for Balsara
« The thirteenth day of May, 1581. I embarked my selfe at Balsara: and the sixteenth wee valed downe about three flight shot. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 455
SOURCE for Basra
« ... free from interference by Omani ships, but a group which
« With much of their military energy absorbed on the European front, the Ottomans were ambivalent about protracted campaigning against Persia as well (Murphey, pp. 230-34, 247; Bacqué-Grammont, 1993a, p. 222). Yet it was the Ottomans who launched three campaigns against Persia (as opposed to ten in the Balkans) duringṬahmāsb’s reign. The first of these was the War of the Two Iraqs of 1533-34, which returned Baghdad to Ottoman control and gave them a tenuous hold over Basra. The invasion of Iraq came after the Safavid governor of Baghdad, Ḏu’l-Faqār Beyg, had embraced Sunnism and offered the keys to the city to the sultan. In 1546 a complicated tribal struggle that involved the Mošaʿšaʿ and the ruler of Zakiya, near Basra, caused the Ottoman to send an expedition to southern Iraq that resulted in renewed, firmer Ottoman control over the city (Posch, 2000, pp. 80-86; Bacqué-Grammont, 2004, pp. 13 f.) With much of their military energy absorbed on the European front, the Ottomans were ambivalent about protracted campaigning against Persia as well (Murphey, pp. 230-34, 247; Bacqué-Grammont, 1993a, p. 222). Yet it was the Ottomans who launched three campaigns against Persia (as opposed to ten in the Balkans) duringṬahmāsb’s reign. The first of these was the War of the Two Iraqs of 1533-34, which returned Baghdad to Ottoman control and gave them a tenuous hold over Basra. The invasion of Iraq came after the Safavid governor of Baghdad, Ḏu’l-Faqār Beyg, had embraced Sunnism and offered the keys to the city to the sultan. In 1546 a complicated tribal struggle that involved the Mošaʿšaʿ and the ruler of Zakiya, near Basra, caused the Ottoman to send an expedition to southern Iraq that resulted in renewed, firmer Ottoman control over the city (Posch, 2000, pp. 80-86; Bacqué-Grammont, 2004, pp. 13 f.) » at www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iraq-iv-safavid-period [Vol. XIII, Fasc. 5, pp. 556-560 and Vol. XIII, Fasc. 6, p. 561]
« After I had eaten, Mr. Beaumont offered me one of the ship's boats to take me to Basra. Rather more than an hour's row across the river, here very broad with a Rluggish stream, and up the creek in the midst of palm groves, brought me to Lhe town. I proceeded at once to the residence of Mr. Barsac, who received me very courteously, and begged me to accept a room in his house. » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 2 p. 179
SOURCE for Basrah
suffered much were the Armenian merchants trading the Gulf. They were based at Julfar near Isfahan and for several years at the turn of the century were harrassed continuously. The Iman found it convenient to declare war against them - a device appearing to legalise the piracy it actually represented - and was particularly favoured by the location of Muscat in prosecuting this war. For example, in September 1700, hearing that an Armenian ship had left Bandar Abbas for Basrah, two ships were sent from Muscat to try to intercept it. This they failed to do but on reaching Basrah boarded it, took possession, and left with it whilst it was still laden with its cargo of corn and barley ... » #2816 Bathurst, Raymond Denis, The Ya’rubi dynasty of Oman, (unpublished thesis), University of Oxford, 1967 ~ p. 201
SOURCE for Bassora
« L'importance des liaisons commerciales entre Bassora et Ormuz et le fait qu'Ormuz fût l'escale obligée des marchandises venant de l'Inde, explique que Bassora (en dépit de la suzeraineté exercée par âah Isma'il depuis 1508)69 ait cherché à nouer rapidement des contacts avec les Portugais. fn. 69. Cf. Encyclopédie de l'islam. 1. Leyden, E. J. Brill, 1960, s. e. Basra, p. 1119. Sah Ismail succéda à cette date au dernier souverain aqqoyunhu réfugié à Bagdad, dont l'autorité sur le Bas-Irak était déjà toute nominale. [ The importance of commercial links between Bassora and Ormuz and the fact that Ormuz was the obligatory stopover for goods coming from India, explains why Bassora (despite the suzerainty exercised by âah Isma'il since 1508)69 sought to quickly establish contact with the Portuguese. fn. 69. See Encyclopedia of Islam. 1. Leyden, E.J. Brill, 1960, s. e. Basra, p. 1119. Sah Ismail succeeded on this date to the last Aqqoyunhu sovereign who took refuge in Baghdad, whose authority over Lower Iraq was already quite nominal. ] » #2953 Dejanirah Silva-Couto, L'expédition portugaise à Bassora en 1551 in Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 2002. 146? année,: N. 2:pp. 461-486 ~ p. #2953 Dejanirah Silva-Couto, L'expédition portugaise à Bassora en 1551 in Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 2002. 146? année,: N. 2:pp. 461-486 ~ p. 476
« Bassora » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Bassorah
« In the time of Hossein Pasha, the son of Ali Pasha, both of them mentioned in the Travels of Pietro della Valle and Tavernier, the city of Bussorah was distant nearly two miles from the banks of the river, and Minawi was then a distinct village, serving as the port or landing-place. It was this Hossein who extended the walls of the former town down to the river, and enclosed the village of Minawi within it, by which means all the intermediate fields and gardens which had never before, nor have even since been built upon, became incorporated with the rest. The newly enclosed village was then fortified by a strong wall continued all around it, and formed nearly an eighth of the whole space enclosed within the walls of Bussorah, even when thus extended. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~ pp. 365-6
SOURCE for Basurate
« Basurate » in {map#1069 Carte française du Golfe Persique, anonyme, 1600-1799, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, CPL GE SH 18E PF 209 DIV 2 P 8 RES} see AHduGP map 66
SOURCE for Bussorah
« February 20.-We anchored within ten miles of Bussorah. Captain Taylor, the political agent, came on board, was received with thecustomary salute, and after dinner returned ashore. The next morning, the ship anchored oppositethe town. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 pp. 46-7
« The city of Bussorah is enclosed within a wall, eight miles in circumference. Of this space, the greatest portion is laid out in gardens and plantations of date trees. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 69
SOURCE for Pi-ssi-lo
(#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 117, 122 note 13)