R50path Pietro Della Valle down.kmz

R50path Pietro Della Valle down

R50-010 Asbas al Asepas
R50-010 Asbas al Asepas : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3053995 coordinate: lat 30.6427 long 52.3995
NIMA/GNS names: Asopas , Aspas , Asupas , آسپاس ,
VARIANT names: Affapas , Affepofe , Asbas al Asepas , Aspas , Aspas , Assepose , Assoupas , Asspass , Asupas , Haspas , Rubat of Salah-ad-Din in the plain called Dasht Run ,
SOURCE for Affapas
« Nous y trouvames aufli des Arabes fous des tentes, et après a-voir côtoyé et traverſé bien des mon-tagnes nous arrivames le deuxième au bourg d'Affapas dans une plaine affez fertile, où les terres étoient toutes labourées et bien arrofees, et où il y a un Caravanferas de pierre. [We also found there Arabs crazy about tents, and after having been close to and crossed many mountains we arrived second at the town of Affapas in a fairly fertile plain, where the lands were all plowed and well watered, and where there is a stone Caravanferas.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 256
SOURCE for Affepofe
« Next night to Affepofe, notable only in an old mud Caftle, fometimes a garrifon; in and about which, are fourty thousand Georgians and Sarcaſshes, by profeflion Chriftians; by quality, Captives; a people much honouring Saint George the Cappadocian Biſhop their converter. They differ from Mahomitans (not in habit, but) in their gray eyes and long white hayre (Albani ab albo crine) after the mode of Antick Gallants, recorded by Pliny and Lucian, tiſſued with fillets of gold or filver. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 148
SOURCE for Asbas al Asepas
« e'l sabato a mattina, al far del giorno, avendo camminato cinque leghe, giungemmo a riposare nella villa Asbås, la quale è situata a piè della rottura di un monte, presso un'acqua corrente che cala dalla stessa montagna, sopra la quale, accanto alla villa, è piantato un gran giardino, circondato di mora e di molti alberi di pioppi. [and on Saturday morning, at daybreak, having walked five leagues, we arrived to rest at the Asbås villa, which is situated at the foot of a cleft of a mountain, near a running water that flows from the same mountain, on which, next to the villa, is planted a large garden, surrounded by blackberries and many poplar trees.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 242
SOURCE for Aspas
« den 28. Nov. zum Dorf Aspas (Apps) in 7 Stunden 5 bis 6 Farsach. [On November 28th, we traveled to the village of Aspas (Apps) in 7 hours, passing 5 to 6 Farsach.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 92
Den 28. October quamen wy tot Aspas in cea rodelyke Karrawanfera in cen dorp. Ook gingen wy voor by een Kar- rawanfera, leggende heel eenzasin tus ichen hoog gebergte van blaeuw Marmer. [On the 28th of October we came to Aspas in a very red Karrawanfera in a village. We also passed by a Karrawanfera, lying quite alone between a high mountain of blue marble.]
SOURCE for Assepose
« The 19th daye being Sundaye wee came to Assepose [Asupas], a fine litle towne at the bottom of a high hill. Here we picht, haueing traveled 5 1ges. of very fayr waye. Here is good store of good water, and som good wyne sould by captiue Georgian Cristians. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Assoupas
« Le troisième, je fus à cheval depuis cinq heures jusques à midi, pre-mièrement dans la même plaine au long d'un étang par de très mauvais chemins pleins de neige qui cachaient des trous, puis ayant passé une montagne fort longue et fücheuse, je descendis à un gros village nommé Assoupas, où l'on voit sur une butte un château ruiné. Les habitants sont de race géorgienne, mais ils se sont faits mahométans. J'y trouvai du vin et du poisson, parce qu'il y a plusieurs ruisseaux, mais le carvansera est vieux et mal en ordre. [On the third day, I rode from five o'clock until noon, first across the same plain along a pond on very bad, snow-covered roads that concealed potholes, then, having crossed a very long and steep mountain, I descended to a large village called Assoupas, where a ruined castle can be seen on a hill. The inhabitants are of Georgian descent, but they have converted to Islam. I found wine and fish there, because there are several streams, but the caravanserai is old and in disrepair.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 295
SOURCE for Asspass
« we enjoyed this Accommodation till we came to Asspass (1), four Pharsangs; it is a Village shelter'd by the Mountains on the North,fn 1 Asupas, the Assepose of Herbert (148). "The road then passes for about ten miles through an undulating and very barren country, to a nick leading through a chain of hills on the right; but from this point there is a continuous and decided fall to the plain on which stands the town of Yezdikhast. In the whole distance from Asapas to Yezdikhast not one single tree was observed, far or near. The wretched village of Deh Girda and a small port near Khushki Zard (said to be occupied) were the only human habitations visible, except the black tents of the Ilyats" (Goldsmid, 194). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 231
SOURCE for Asupas
SOURCE for Haspas
« La plupart des habllans de Haspas étoîent autrefois chr(^tlens. Ils sont originaires de Circassie, de Géorgie et d'Ibérie, ayant été amenés dans cette province il y a plus de cent cinquante ans par les rois Talimas et Ismaël, et depuis par Abas, dans les conquêtes qu'ils firent en ces pays septentrionaux. [Most of the inhabitants of Haspas were formerly Christians. They originated from Circassia, Georgia, and Iberia, having been brought to this province more than one hundred and fifty years ago by Kings Talimas and Ishmael, and later by Abbas, in the conquests they made in these northern lands.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 225
SOURCE for Rubat of Salah-ad-Din in the plain called Dasht Run
« to the Rubat of Salah-ad-Din in the plain called Dasht Rün » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176

R50-011 Ugian
R50-011 Ugian : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3069601 coordinate: lat 30.455163 long 52.55698
NIMA/GNS names: Kannas , Kannas-e Sofla , Kenas-e Pa'in , Kenas-e Sofla , Ujan , کناس سفلی ,
VARIANT names: Oedjan , Oesjoen , Ojoan , O-jone , Ondgiom , Oojan , Oudjan , Ugian , Ujan , Ujon , Vgion , Yeioone ,
SOURCE for Oedjan
« Den 29. dito zyn wy tot Oedjan gekomen. Daar is een kappelletje met een koepel-Torenje daar boven, WART in bloot ftaat een house kift, daar Imam Sada, een van hunne Heiligen, in legt, ftaande in een vermakelyke thuin, en aynde een redelyk gebouw. [On the 29th we arrived in Oedjan. There was a small chapel with a domed tower above it. A house of wood stood in the open, where Imam Sada, one of their saints, resided. It stood in a pleasant garden and was a reasonable building.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 261
SOURCE for Oesjoen
« Nous y reftames juſques à mi-nuit, et arrivames le troisième au bourg d'Oesjøen, où il y a aufli un Caravanserai de pierre, à côté du-quel il paffe un canal. [We stayed there until midnight, and arrived on the third day at the town of Oesjøen, where there is also a stone caravanserai, next to which a canal passes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 256
SOURCE for Ojoan
« At Noon-day we overcame an high Mountain after a troublesome Luctation, this delivering us to another Golden Plain of Ojoan (1), gilded over with Ripe Wheat, being no more than Five Miles from Maijm. fn 1 O-Jone of Herbert (147), Ujan in Curzon's map: "The place where Bahram Gur, the sporting Sassanian monarch, lost his life in a quicksand while pursuing the wild ass, from which he was named" (Curzon, ii, 68). For this incident, see Rawlinson, Seventh Oriental Monarchy, 298 f. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 229
SOURCE for O-jone
« Next night we lodgd (flept I cannot fay) in o-jone, a village of thirty Families, all of them Prophets or Prophets children. We ever found leaft profit, where Prophets dwelt, no wine nor grapes allowd to grow amongst them; not that wine is bad, but out of a Tradition they have, that it is the blood of thoſe Gyants that warr'd against the Gods. Next day we rode over moft craggy, steep, and terrible high hills, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 147
SOURCE for Ondgiom
« Le quatrième eſtant parti au jour je marchay le long d'une plaine que Cha-Abas I. du nom avoit donné à cultiver aux Georgiens, et fur les onze heures j'arrivay à Ondgiom bon village fur une riviere qui paffle ſous un beau pont de pierre. Le Carvanſera eſtoit ſi ſale que je fus contraint de coucher dehors. [The fourth one, having set out at daybreak, I marched along a plain that Cha-Abas I had given to the Georgians to cultivate, and at eleven o'clock I arrived at Ondgiom, a good village on a river that flows under a beautiful stone bridge. The carvansera was so filthy that I was forced to sleep outside.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 655
SOURCE for Oojan
« Nothing worthy of remark occurred, till ,ye reached the valley of Oojan, in which, at a small village of the same name, it was intended we should halt for the night. This valley is an extensive grazing, ,vhere the Prince occasionally sends his brood mares and their produce; and where there are no villages, besides the one in question ; which formerly was situated close to the road, near a ruined caravanserai, the common,halting place of travellers. » #1864 Fraser, J. B., A Narrative of a Journey into Khorasan in the years 1821 and 1822, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, London, 1825, ~ p. 113
SOURCE for Oudjan
« Le quatrième, étant parti au jour, je marchai le long d'une plaine que Cha-Abas premier du nom avait donné à cultiver aux Géorgiens, et sur les onze heures j'arrivai à Oudjan, bon village sur une rivière [The fourth, having set off at daybreak, I walked along a plain that Cha-Abas the first of that name had given to the Georgians to cultivate, and around eleven o'clock I arrived at Oudjan, a good village on a river ] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 295
SOURCE for Ugian
« Erano intorno a tre ore di notte quando noi partimmo, e la domenica del dieci di ottobre con poco cammino di solo quattro leghe, la mattina all' alba, arrivammo a riposare nel caravanserai, cominciato a fab-bricare, ma non finito, di una villa chiamata Ugian, le rendite della quale sono dedicate alla sepoltura che ivi è di tin principe de'tempi addietro della casa reale, detto per nome sultah Seid Ahmed, che passando una volta di là, per caso vi mori, e fa sepolto in quel luogo [It was about three o'clock at night when we set out, and on Sunday the tenth of October, after a short journey of only four leagues, at dawn in the morning, we arrived to rest in the caravanserai, begun to build, but not finished, of a villa called Ugian, the revenues of which are dedicated to the burial that is there of a prince of former times of the royal house, called by name Sultan Seid Ahmed, who once passing that way, by chance died there, and is buried in that place.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 243
SOURCE for Ujan
SOURCE for Ujon
« Le 10, je partis de Haspas, et après quatre lieues de chemin, que je ne fis qu'en six heures, quoique j'allasse bon train, et que le chemin fùt plein et uni, j'arrivai à Ujon (1), village de cinquante maisons, situé sur le bord d'une rivière, qui est fort grosse et fort rapide durant l'hiver, et dangereuse à passer à cause des inon-dations qu'elle fait de tous côtés. On voit au bout méridional une petite mosquée carrée, avec des jardins à l'entour, dans laquelle est le tombeau de Sultan Sahied Ahmedfn. 1 Oùdjann est situé, suivant la manière de compter de P. della Valle à quatre lieues d'Asapas; Thévenot compte quatre aghatch entre ces deux villages. Ce voyageur et Tavernier ne purent loger dans le karavanserây d'Oudjaun, à cause de sa saleté et de l'odeur infecte qu'y répandoient les charognes dispersées dans le voisinage. P. della Valle prononce Vadján, mais je crois que la prononciation indiquée par Chardin, et rectifiée quant à l'orthographe dans cette note, est la meilleure; elle se trouve confirmée par le texte de la relation de D. Garcias de Silva Figueroa (pag. 167 et 341), qui écrit Ugion. P. della Valle (t. IV, p.305) nomme le prince inhumé dans cet endroit, sulthan Ahhmed Seid, et dit que c'etoit le fils du fanteux Ismael Sséfy. Thévenot (t. IV. p. 426) dit simplement que c'est le fils d'un roi appelé châh Zadeh Kaûser îmani Dja'fer, qu'ils tien-nent pour saint: en effet, l'hermite ou dervych de la mosquée vint trouver D. Garcias de Silva Figueroa, et lui apprit que quantité d'hommes et de femmes malades, aveugles, boiteux, y recouvroient la santé par l'intercession de ce grand saint, dont les miracles étoient consignés sur un grand registre bien paraphé. (L-s.) [On the 10th, I left Haspas, and after four leagues of travel, which I covered in only six hours, although I was going at a good pace, and the road was full and smooth, I arrived at Ujon (1), a village of fifty houses, located on the banks of a river, which is very large and rapid during the winter, and dangerous to cross because of the floods it causes on all sides. At the southern end, one can see a small square mosque, with surrounding gardens, in which is the tomb of Sultan Sahied Ahmed.fn. 1 Oùdjann is located, according to P. della Valle's method of reckoning, four leagues from Asapas; Thévenot counts four aghatch between these two villages. This traveler and Tavernier could not stay in the karavanserây of Oudjaun, because of its filth and the foul odor spread there by the carrion scattered in the vicinity. P. della Valle pronounces Vadján, but I believe that the pronunciation indicated by Chardin, and corrected as to the spelling in this note, is the best; it is confirmed by the text of the account of D. Garcias de Silva Figueroa (pages 167 and 341), who writes Ugion. P. della Valle (vol. IV, p.305) names the prince buried in this place, Sultan Ahhmed Seid, and says that he was the son of the fantastic Ismael Sséfy. Thévenot (t. IV. p. 426) simply says that he is the son of a king called shah Zadeh Kaûser îmani Dja'fer, whom they consider a saint: in fact, the hermit or dervych of the mosque came to find D. Garcias de Silva Figueroa, and told him that many sick, blind, and lame men and women were recovering their health through the intercession of this great saint, whose miracles were recorded in a large, well-initialed register. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 226-7
SOURCE for Vgion
« Miercoles, onze del dicho mes, se caminaron tres le-guas hasta Vgion, aldea pequeña; fueron las dos leguas de este camino asperissimas por la subida y deçendida de una sierra, tan agria y llena de grandes piedras que se padecio grandissimo trabaxo, [Wednesday, the eleventh of the said month, three leagues were traveled to Vgion, a small village; the first two leagues of this road were extremely rough due to the ascent and descent of a mountain range, so rugged and full of large stones that great hardship was suffered,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 11
SOURCE for Yeioone
« The 20th daye we came to Yeioone [Ujan], 20 a litle towne wher the Kinges Vncl (1) is intoomed, wher we picht and bayeted boa.th or selfes and or horses, hauing traveled 4 1ges. of playne sandi waye. Here is good water.
fn.1 Probably Shah Isma'il II. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 75

R50-012 Maun al. Mayn
R50-012 Maun al. Mayn : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3079007 coordinate: lat 30.1951 long 52.67
NIMA/GNS names: Mahian , Mahin , Ma'in , Ma'ini , Qal`eh Now-e Ma'in , مائین ,
VARIANT names: Mahin , Maiiu , Maijm , Ma'in , Maiyan , Majien , Mayin , Mayn , Moyeeme , Moy-Own ,
SOURCE for Mahin
« Aquella noche dio orden el Enbaxador para que la caravana con la mayor parte de sus criados se fuesen camino derecho á Mahin, [That night the Ambassador gave orders for the caravan, with most of his servants, to go straight to Mahin.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 pp. 368-9
« mayormente de nogales, de manera que parecia un muy espeso bosque. Auia en este lugar, demas de los naturales vezinos suyos, una gran colonia de çircassos que dos años antes el rey de Persia, [At nine o'clock in the morning they arrived at Mahin, after having crossed a small river full of groves and which carried very clear and cold water; Mahin is an open place of five or six hundred houses, all of them among many gardens and orchards with large groves,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 8
SOURCE for Maiiu
Dopo di questo si andò tre o quattro altre leghe sempre per valloni stretti tra montagne; ed alfine, avendo camminato in tutto sei o sette leghe, il lunedi, passato mezzogiorno di un pezzo, arrivammo ad una villa grossa, chiamata Maiiu, dove abitano [After this we went on for three or four more leagues, always through narrow valleys between mountains; and finally, having walked in all six or seven leagues, on Monday, well past midday, we arrived at a large village, called Maiiu, where they live.]
SOURCE for Maijm
« wherefore we were forced to march Twenty Miles farther, to Maijm (1), before either we or our Cattel baited; fn 1 Mayin, the Moyoun of Herbert (147). It lies N. W. of Persepolis. "Three days journey from Schiras you pass the Mountain of Mayen, a little City where there is nothing worthy observation" (Tavernier, 66). "Turning to the west from Persepolis, we passed along the left bank of the Bandamir for about 25 miles. Our route then entered a valley in the hills which had hitherto bounded the plains on the right, and following the valley almost to its source, past the villages Maiyin and Imāmzādah Ismail, led us to a very steep and stony pass, from the summit of which we again descended (but in a less degree) to the dreary Maiyin with its long row of trees and gardens" (Goldsmid, 193 f.). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 228
SOURCE for Ma'in
SOURCE for Maiyan
« 3. MAIYÁN Leave Chambúraki at first in E. direction for about 3 miles. Reach bridge over the Kur or Band i-Amir; here a very fair stream. Then turn due W. Road lies along the base of bare cliffs, till the range they belong to is turned on entering the small side valley of Maiyán. This turning of the range must occur at about 15 miles from Aiyub by the road, but there is a shorter cut, a bridle path, a little more direct to about the place where the stream from Maiyán, which joins the Kur, turns the hill. » #3461 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Routes in Persia, Government Central Branch Press, Simla, 1887 ~ p. 479
SOURCE for Majien
« Le bourg de Majien, où nous étions, cit affez grand et rempli de jardins fruitiers, et de vignes, dont il y en a de fauvages fur les montagnes. Le pais qui eft entre deux eft fort agreable et bien arrofé par un canal, qui paffe au travers du village. [The village of Majien, where we were, is quite large and full of fruit gardens and vineyards, some of which are wild in the mountains. The land between them is very pleasant and well watered by a canal which runs through the village.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 258
SOURCE for Mayin
« to the town of Mäyin, and all the roads leading to Mayin are very stony. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
SOURCE for Mayn
« Mayn est un gros bourg de trois cents maisons. C'a élë autrefois une grosse ville, et il en a encore le titre dans les gëographies persanes. [Mayn is a large village of three hundred houses. It was once a large city, and it still bears the title in Persian geographies. ] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 231
« Je marchay quelque temps entre de hauts et rudes rochers, aprés quoy je trouvay une petite riviere qui court juſques à Mayn petite ville où je logeay dans un beau Carvanfera. [I walked for some time among high and rugged rocks, after which I found a small river that runs to Mayn, a small town where I stayed in a beautiful Carvanfera.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 655
SOURCE for Moyeeme
« This night we came to Moyeeme [Main], being 6 lges. of stonie and craggi waye, hauing a great hill for to passe over between Yeioone and Imomismoile (2)2 [Imamzada Isma'il]. Here we picht in the Calantars howse, haueing this daye traveled 10 lges. Here is good water.
fn. 2Sir William Foster gives the Imamzac.la Isma'Il as being 11½ miles north of MaIn. The tomb is said to be that of a son of the Imam Musa al-Kazim »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Moy-Own
« After two dayes ſtay in view of old Persepolis, the eight and twentieth day we took horfe, and that night rid foure and twentie miles to a Town cald Moy-own; in midway twixt which two Townes, we noted a high im-pregnable mount, at whoſe top, ftood defperately a Cattle ſo fortified by Narure and induftrie, as may be thought impregnable. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 147

R50-014 Calaa-Sacht
R50-014 Calaa-Sacht : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 30.051074 long 52.705361 † basis (p)
Supplement: location not found
VARIANT names: Calaa-Sacht ,
SOURCE for Calaa-Sacht
« Ma prima di passare il ponte, nella ripa orientale un poco lontano, notammo due rupi alte, sopra le quali, nella cima delle medesime pietre tagliate, dicono che ne'tempi addietro vi fossero due castelli: uno di essi, il più vicino al ponte, lo chiamano Calaai sacht, cioè castello forte, e l'altro più innanzi a mezzogiorno, Calaai scechiscte, che vuol dir castello rotto. [But before crossing the bridge, on the eastern bank a little further away, we noticed two high rocks, on top of which, on the top of the same cut stones, they say that in times past there were two castles: one of them, the nearest to the bridge, they call Calaai sacht, that is, strong castle, and the other, further to the south, Calaai scechiscte, which means broken castle.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 245-6

R50-015 Cehil Minar al Tzelminar
R50-015 Cehil Minar al Tzelminar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: ANS UFI: -3090313 coordinate: lat 29.9368 long 52.89
NIMA/GNS names: Persepolis , Takht-e Jamshid , Takht-i-Jamshid , تخت جمشید ,
VARIANT names: Cehil minar , Chelmenar , Chilmanor , Chilminara , Cilmynar , Parsa , Persai , Persepolis , Sat Setun , Takht-e Jamshid , Tschehil-Menar , Tzilminar ,
SOURCE for Cehil minar
« Or giunti noi, come io diceva, circa due ore dopo mezzogiorno alle maravigliose rovine di Cehil minar, sotto ad esse appunto, presso un rivo di acqua che non lontano ne corre, ci posammo e tendemmo il padiglione, a fine di trattenerci a vederle tutte bene e con co-modità, come si fece, parte la stessa sera al tardi, e parte la mat-tina seguente, e non partirne infino a tanto che avessimo ciò che vi era d'ogn'intorno molto ben ricercato ed osservato. [Now, having arrived, as I said, about two hours after midday at the marvellous ruins of Cehil Minar, just beneath them, near a stream of water that runs not far from it, we set down and pitched the pavilion, in order to stay and see them all well and comfortably, as we did, partly late that same evening, and partly the following morning, and not to leave until we had thoroughly researched and observed what was around them.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 247
SOURCE for Chelmenar
« The 23th daye I went to Chelmenar, that famous place of ancient memori, wher those heroicke princes of the eastern part of the world liued, as Cirus [Cyrus], Cambices [Cambyses], who was the founder of this famous building [and] diuers others, this Cambises, whom as the Percians do name him James Sheate [Jamshid]. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 76
SOURCE for Chilmanor
« what are they but Mammons eyes; this Chaos of gold, but refined clay. What Magick then to make Idolaters. For my part (by Gods help) I in-tend rather to admire the Anatomy of this glorious ruine, which Don Garzia de silva Figuros (Ambaffador Anno 1619 to Abbas from Philip the third) calls the only Monument of the world, without Impoſture; yea farre exceeding (fayes he) all other miracles in the The ribs or ruines of Persepolis are at this day call'd Chil-Manor or Che-hel-Manor (i.e. forty Towers) in the idiom of Perfia: and might more properly have faid Hashtot-Maner, or eighty Towers, for fo many are eafily told two yards out of the ground; and if from fo many pillars as are perfect and lofty, then may they lay Nowzda Manor or nineteene Towers, at this day no more ſtanding, one excepted at the Eaft below, above a bow fhot thence. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 144
SOURCE for Chilminara
« porque él queria llegar otro dia á Margascan, quatro leguas de aquella aldea, por ver las grandes y tan nonbradas ruinas de Chilminara [because he wanted to arrive another day at Margascan, four leagues from that village, to see the great and renowned ruins of Chilminara] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 369
SOURCE for Cilmynar
« Alla villa de Camara el se vede uno monte tondo el qual da uno lado mostra esser tagliato et fatto in una facia, alta circa 6. passa; in la summità dil monte è uno piano et atorno colonne .40. le quale se chiamano Cilmynar, 326) che vol dir in nostra lengua .40. colonne, ciascuna de le qual è longa braza .20., grossa quanto abracia 3. homeni; de le qual perho parte ne son ruinate; per quello si vedeva è stato zà un bello edificio. fn. 326. Cilmynar = Chihil Minar, che, come il Barbaro spiega correttamente, significa "Quaranta Colonne". Era il nome con cui in epoca passata si designavano le rovine di Persepoli, la cui origine era stata dimenticata da lungo tempo. Lo stesso Barbaro, come risulta chiaramente, non aveva nessuna idea di ciò che quei luoghi fossero in realtà, così che, al pari di molti altri viaggiatori, attribuisce loro un'origine ebraica, come è manifesto dai suoi riferimenti a Salomone e Sansone. Il merito di avere riscoperto le vera origine di Persepoli va attribuito ai Frati Carmelitani di Shiraz, che ivi si stabilirono nel 1616. Cfr. i Voyages célèbres et remarquables faits de Perse aux Indies Orientales par le Sr. JEAN-ALBERT DE MANDELSLO, Leyden, 1719, p. 5. (Lo.) [At the village of Camara one sees a round mountain which on one side appears to have been cut and made in one face, about 6 meters high; at the top of the mountain is a plain and around it are .40 columns which are called Cilmynar, 326) which in our language means .40 columns, each of which is .20 meters long, as thick as 3 human arms; of which however some are in ruins; from this it was seen that it was once a beautiful building. fn. 326. Cilmynar = Chihil Minar, which, as Barbaro correctly explains, means "Forty Columns". This was the name by which in times past the ruins of Persepolis were designated, the origin of which had long been forgotten. Barbaro himself, as is evident, had no idea what those places really were, so that, like many other travellers, he attributes to them a Jewish origin, as is manifest from his references to Solomon and Samson. The credit for having rediscovered the true origin of Persepolis must be ascribed to the Carmelite Friars of Shiraz, who settled there in 1616. Cfr. Voyages célèbres et remarquables faits de Perse aux Indies Orientales par le Sr. JEAN-ALBERT DE MANDELSLO, Leyden, 1719, p. 5. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 149
SOURCE for Parsa
« C4 [grid] | Persepolis / Parsa / Persai / Sat Setum [name] | CHRL / CH / CH / RL [period] | Schmidt 1957; Shahbazi 1977; RGTC Parsa [reference] » #846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000, ~ directory, Map 94 Persis p. 1339
SOURCE for Persai
SOURCE for Persepolis
« We went from hence down to Persepolis, in a southerly direction, and crossed cultivated grounds and canals. In half an hour we passed over the stream of Polwar, which was now very low. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 268
« Les magnifiques ruines de Perfepolis, qui font encore aujourd'hui le fujet de notre Admiration, font felon toute Appa-rence des reftes d'un Temple ou d'un Palais royal, et celles là ne doivent pas tant leur Confervation à la quantité et à la grandeur de leurs piérres, qu'à la hauteur de leur fituation: [The magnificent ruins of Perfepolis, which still today are the subject of our admiration, in all appearance resemble the remains of a temple or a royal palace, and these owe their preservation not so much to the quantity and grandeur of their stones, as to the height of their location:] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 98
SOURCE for Sat Setun
SOURCE for Takht-e Jamshid
SOURCE for Tschehil-Menar
« den 3. und 4. Dez. Tschehil-Menar (Persepolis) besehen und die Reste etc. gemessen und abgezeichnet. [On December 3rd and 4th, we visited Tschehil-Menar (Persepolis) and measured and sketched the remains, etc.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 96
SOURCE for Tzilminar
« his last Village is very famous, for the Antiquities which are to be seen near it, and which obliged us, as they do all that travel that way, to make a particular Observation thereof. They are the ruines of an old Castle, which the Persians, call Tzilminar, that is to say, forty pillars from a word compounded of Tezehil, which signifies 40. and minar, a pillar or Tower; » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2

R50-016 Bend Emir
R50-016 Bend Emir : place IRN (bridge)
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 29.773715 long 52.847381 † basis (p)
Supplement: 13 arches
VARIANT names: Bandamir bridge , Band-Amir bridge , Bend Emir , Bend Emir bridge , Bendemeer bridge , Bindamyr bridge , Pouligor ,
SOURCE for Bandamir bridge
« A 20 miles the Bandamir river is crossed by a masonry bridge with 3 high arches. The river runs strongly at the bridge, though it is elsewhere slow and deep, about 45 feet broad, with mud banks 10 feet above the level of the water. Eight miles further down stream, the river is crossed by a great dam on which stands a bridge of 13 arches, built about A.D. 970, from which the river has been named Band-Amir (Curzon). It is generally unfordable, and the water fairly good. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Band-Amir bridge
« Eight miles further down stream, the river is crossed by a great dam on which stands a bridge of 13 arches, built about A.D. 970, from which the river has been named Band-Amir (Curzon). It is generally unfordable, and the water fairly good. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Bend Emir
« e ci avviammo verso la città di Sciraz, capo oggi della provincia della Persia, e sede d'Imam-culi chan che ne ha il governo. Era lontana Sciraz di là per la via più dritta dieci leghe, ma a noi, per esser rotto un ponte sopra il Kur che ci conveniva passare, per lo quale la strada è più corta, fu necessario di camminar due leghe di più, e fare in tutto infin a Sciraz dodici leghe, andando a passare il Kur più lontano per un altro ponte chiamato Bend' Emir, che vuol dire legatura, cioè ponte dell'Emir, che da Cehilminar due leghe discosto si ritrova. Chiamano alle volte i Persiani legature i ponti, perchè legano in un certo modo insieme amendue le ripe de'liumi. C' incamminammo dunque di notte a quella volta, ma per essere scuro senza luna, e tutti quei piani dove semi-nano riso ed altro, irrigati e tagliati da molti rivi di acqua, che per passarli bisognava andar bene spesso in qua ed in là, gi-rando perdemmo il cammino, e facendo invano molto più viag-gio che non dovevamo fare, andammo tutta quella notte errando malamente per quella pianura. La mattina del venerdi, poco innanzi l'alba, passammo il ponte Bendemir, il quale è cosi detto da un tal Emir Hamza Dilemita che lo fabbrico. [and we set out towards the city of Shiraz, the present head of the province of Persia, and the seat of the Imam-culi chan who governs it. Shiraz was ten leagues away from there by the straightest road, but because a bridge over the Kur that we had to cross, by which the road is shorter, was broken, we were obliged to walk two leagues more, and in all to Shiraz twelve leagues, going to cross the furthest Kur by another bridge called Bend' Emir, which means binding, that is, the bridge of the Emir, which is two leagues from Cehilminar. The Persians sometimes call bridges bindings, because they bind together in a certain way both banks of the rivers. So we set out at night, but since it was dark and there was no moon, and all those plains where they sow rice and other things, irrigated and cut by many streams of water, so that to cross them we had to go often here and there, turning we lost our way, and making in vain much more travel than we should have done, we went all that night wandering badly over that plain. On the morning of Friday, shortly before dawn, we crossed the Bendemir bridge, which is so called from a certain Emir Hamza Dilemita who built it.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 264
SOURCE for Bend Emir bridge
« Le 13 de Mars, nous employames encore deux heures, jusqu'à la riviere de Bend Emir, qui est l'Araxes des anciens Auteurs Grecs. Le long de ce chemin, il n'y a plus un feul village. La riviere fusdite eft fort rapide, et le pont qu'on à bati desfus, qui eft de briques cuites, a trois cens pieds de longeur. [On March 13th, we spent another two hours traveling to the Bend Emir River, which is the Araxes of the ancient Greek authors. Along this route, there is not a single village. The river is very swift, and the bridge built across it, made of baked bricks, is three hundred feet long.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 98
SOURCE for Bendemeer bridge
« A few miles beyond the Bendemeer bridge the village of Zargan, or Zergun, lies nestled at the foot of a mountain, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 321
SOURCE for Bindamyr bridge
« Poi una zornata lontano et se trova uno ponte grande di sopra el Bindamyr, 325) et qual è fiume molto grande. Questo ponte se dice che fece far Salomon. fn. 325. Bindamyr = Band-i-Amir, «La diga di Amir», cosi chiamata perchè era stata costruita dal noto principe Buwayhde Amir Adud al-Dawla verso l'anno 970 d. C. IBN AL-BALKHI nel suo Far-Nama, London, 1921, p. 151, afferma che non si poteva trovarne altra che le stesse a pari nel mondo. Cfr. anche HAMDULLAH MUSTAURI, Nuzhat al-Qulub, cit., p. 211. Il fiume Kur, attraverso cui fu cosche A tavolta chiamato Band-i-Amir; cit. (de) J. THÉVENOT, The Travels into the Levant, London, 1687, parte II, p. 123. (Lo.) [Then a little further on there is a large bridge over the Bindamyr, 325) which is a very large river. This bridge is said to have been built by Solomon. fn. 325. Bindamyr = Band-i-Amir, «The Dam of Amir», so called because it was built by the well-known prince Buwayhde Amir Adud al-Dawla around the year 970 AD. IBN AL-BALKHI in his Far-Nama, London, 1921, p. 151, states that no other like it could be found in the world. Cf. also HAMDULLAH MUSTAURI, Nuzhat al-Qulub, cit., p. 211. The river Kur, across which was sometimes called Band-i-Amir; cit. (by) J. THÉVENOT, The Travels into the Levant, London, 1687, part II, p. 123. (The.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 149
SOURCE for Pouligor
« Le ſeptiéme aprés avoir fait charger à deux heures aprés minuit, je marchay dans une grande plaine d'où il eſt fort dif-ficile de ſe retirer quand les neiges tombent. Le matin je paf-fay fur une belle et longue digue appellée Pouligor, quia plus de quinze cens pas de de long et prés de quinze de large, et y a trois ou quatre ponts dans de certaines diſtances, pour donner le cours à l'eau, à cauſe que le païs eſt fort maréca-geux. Au bout de cette digue il y a un Carvanſera tres-bien bâti, [On the seventh, after loading at two o'clock after midnight, I marched across a large plain from which it is very difficult to retreat when the snows fall. In the morning, I crossed a beautiful and long dike called Poul gor, which is more than fifteen hundred paces long and nearly fifteen paces wide, and there are three or four bridges at certain intervals to divert the water, because the country is very marshy. At the end of this dike there is a very well-built Carvansera,] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 656

R50-017 Zercon
R50-017 Zercon : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Zargan , Zarghanak , Zarqan , زرقان ,
VARIANT names: Dih Gurg , Serghoen , Sergoen , Zargan , Zarghan , Zarghun , Zargoen , Zargoone , Zarkan , Zercon , Zerghun , Zergone , Zergoon , Zerraghoon , Zurgoon ,
SOURCE for Dih Gurg
« The first stage is of 6 leagues, from Shiraz to Dih Gurg in the Shiraz District; the second stage is 6 leagues to the head of the Bridge over the River Kür; ...
fn. 1 Neither Dih Gurg, "Wolf Village," nor the Bridge over the Kur now exists; Shahriyar's Kiosk must have been at or near modern Ujan; »
#3077 G. Le Strange, Description of the Province of Fars, in Persia, at the Beginning of the Twelfth Century A.D. from the MS. of Ibn-al-Balkhi, in the British Museum Asiatic Society Monographs XIV, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1912 ~ p. 78
« thence 5 to Dih Gurg (Wolf Village), » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
SOURCE for Serghoen
« Continuing from Chihil Minar, Stodart arrived at Zarghan, which was a poor town situated on the side of a hill one English mile from Rustam's tomb (i.e. Naqsh-i Rustam, the tomb of Darius I), which had been turned into a mosque. Here was good water. Speelman recorded that the village was divided into two parts, and built close to the slope of the moun-tain. Fryer called it a poor village inhabited by mule-teers, while Hedges considered it a large and exceed-ing pleasant one, in a plain full of vineyards. (75) 75 Stodart, p. 76 (Zargoone); Speelman, pp. 105-6 (Serghoen); Fryer, vol. II. p. 218 (Zergoon); Hedges, p. 208 (Zurgoon); KA 1793, fol. 1013b (Sergoen); Winninx, 3 November (Sergoe); de Silva y Figueroa, p. 140 (Zargan); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 301 (Sergoen); Carmelites, loc. cit. (Band-i Amir, Zarghan; karavansaray). » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Sergoen
SOURCE for Zargan
« A few miles beyond the Bendemeer bridge the village of Zargan, or Zergun, lies nestled at the foot of a mountain, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 321
« which form the eastern limit of the valley, we reached Zargán, our last stage before Shíráz, about dusk. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 256
« Por esta causa no se caminó entonces mas de tres leguas pequeñas, parando tenprano en una pequeña y pobre aldea llamada Zargan, al pie de un alto monte, á donde el Enbaxador, con parte de sus criados, se recogieron en una mezquita en que auia rrazonable hospedaje, que-dando la caravana y demas gente en el canpo. [For this reason, they did not travel more than three short leagues, stopping early in a small and poor village called Zargan, at the foot of a high mountain, where the Ambassador, with some of his servants, stayed in a mosque where there was reasonable lodging, while the caravan and other people remained in the countryside.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 368
SOURCE for Zarghan
SOURCE for Zarghun
« 3rd March, Zarghun. As my route from Shiraz would not lead in the direction of Persepolis, and as it seemed a pity to let slip an opportunity of seeing such a famous place, I determined to spend four days in an excursion thither, » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 57
« , reaches the town of Zargun. The latter is a long straggling place of 2,000 houses, mostly one-storeyed, with flat roofs, built close up to a chain of barren, rocky mountains on the castern margin of a low plain, full of gardens and cultivation. The main street is narrow and filthy, with a number of shops scattered through it, forming a bazaar said to be well supplied. There is a post-house at the N. end of the town, and two mud enclosures in the main street, serving the purpose of caravansarais. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 191
SOURCE for Zargoen
« Elle y eſt aussi fort large et fort pro fonde; et les bords en font eſcarpez et fort élevez. On y trouve plufieurs fortes de canards, et on la traverſe pour ſe rendre à Persepolis, qui n'en eſt qu'à deux lieuës. Nous arrivames ſur les onze heures à Zargoen, bourg agréablement ſitué entre les montagnes et rempli de jardins, qui abondent en melons, en raifins et en toutes fortes de fruits. [It is also very wide and very deep; and its banks are steep and very high. Several flocks of ducks are found there, and it is crossed to reach Persepolis, which is only two leagues away. We arrived around eleven o'clock at Zargoen, a pleasantly situated town nestled among the mountains and filled with gardens, which abound in melons, grapes, and all kinds of fruit.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 259
SOURCE for Zargoone
« I took horse and cam this night to Zargoone [Zarghün], a poor towne vpon the side of a hill wthin an English mile to Rustames howse, wch is now turned to be a muskeet, weh we call a church, and is kept in repayration. Here we picht in the Rices howse, wch is the cheifest man of the towne, hauing traveled 5 lges. of fayre waye crossing the playne of Chelmenar. Here is good water. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 76
SOURCE for Zarkan
« Depuis le pont fusdit, nous avions encore deux lieux, jusqu'à Zarkân. Actuellement ce chemin étoit fort bon; mais après une pluïe de longue durée il est très mau-vais, puisqu'alors toute la plaine eſt ſouvent couverte d'eau. [From the aforementioned bridge, we still had two leagues to go, to Zarkân. Currently, this road is very good; but after a prolonged rain, it is very bad, since then the whole plain is often covered with water.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 135
SOURCE for Zercon
« Passato il fiume, girammo un pezzo intorno alla costa di un monte che avevamo a man sinistra: ed ål fine, entrati in certi bassi valloni, ad ora di mezzogiorno arri-vammo alla villa Zercon che da Cehilminar non è più lontana di sei leghe, [After crossing the river, we went round for a while the side of a mountain which we had on our left hand: and at last, having entered some low valleys, at midday we arrived at the village of Zercon which is not more than six leagues from Cehilminar,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 265
SOURCE for Zerghun
« Zerghun » in {map#1245 in #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ fig. Route-kaart voor de reis van het gezantschap Cunaeus van Bender Abbas (Gamron) naar Isfahan (1652)}
SOURCE for Zergone
« 17th [February) At 11 arrived at Zergone, being 5 farsangs, good way; came over a large bridge, a small river runing under it; 3 farsangs more came over a great quantity of water and mud, had three or four mules stuck in it. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Zergoon
SOURCE for Zerraghoon
« In little more than an hour, passing over a fine small plain covered with flocks and tents, we came to the large village of Zerraghoon, seated at the foot of a steep mass of rock, with thatched houses and sloping roofs. We halted at a caravansera here, for two hours, to repose, and set out again about noon after which we got into a rugged country of bare hills and uninterest-ing aspect. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Zurgoon

R50-013 Puli-neu
R50-013 Puli-neu : place IRN (bridge)
NIMA/GNS feature: BDG UFI: -3078465 coordinate: lat 30.0483 long 52.6973
NIMA/GNS names: Pol Now , Pol Now Kuchak , Pol Now-e Kuchek , Pol-e Now , Pol-e Now Kuchek , پل نو ,
Supplement: 5 arches
VARIANT names: old bridge , Pol-e Now , Pouli-now , Pul-i Naw , Puli-neu , stone bridge four arches ,
SOURCE for old bridge
« When we bad gone two fursucks from our first turning off tbe high road, we arrived at an old bridge, of eigbt or ten arebes, the centre one about twenty feet in span, and tbirty in height. This was a Mohammedan work, and had been often repaired both with brick and stone, but it was now falling fast to decay, though it was still passable. A rapid stream ran here in a deep bed, and bent its course south-easterly, througb the great plain of Merdusht, now open before us. ... We were joined here by an old man of a neighbouring village, from whom we learned that this stream was the river Bund Ameer, which bad its rise in the mountains of Komfirouze, at a distance of ten short days' journeys to the north-west, being the limits of Fars on the borders of the Bactiari. About five years since, he said, it had swelled 80 high in winter, that it rose over the bridge, which was full fifty feet above its present level, inundated this narrow entrance into the plain, extending from mountain to mountain on each side, and rendered the road impasasble for several weeks. For the two last years, however, he added, it had been almost dry, from the general failure of the rains; and indeed it was now easily fordable in the deepest part, though the stream was still running with great force and rapidity. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 264
SOURCE for Pol-e Now
SOURCE for Pouli-now
« In addition, there was a five-arched bridge called the Pul-i Naw (Pouli-now) or New Bridge, though it was somewhat ruinous in 1665. The bridge had been built by an Indian mer-chant, and at this point the river was locally called Ab-i Pul-i Naw (Abpulneu), the New Bridge River.ref 1169 p74 » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 74
SOURCE for Pul-i Naw
« Thence in 4 leagues-passing by the Castles of Istakhr and Shikastah, which overhang the road on the left hand to Pül-i-Naw (New Bridge, over the Kur), » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
SOURCE for Puli-neu
« Si trovava qui un ponte di buona fabbrica di mattoni, che se ben è vecchio e coi parapetti tutti rovinati, lo chiamano non-dimeno puli neu, cioè ponte nuovo, nome che dovette restargli infin da quando fu fatto. [Here there was a bridge made of good bricks, which although it is old and with its parapets all ruined, they nevertheless call it puli neu, that is, new bridge, a name which must have remained ever since it was built.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 244
« Ce pont est de pierres de taille, haut et élevé, fait en dos d'àne, comme la plupart des ponts de Perse, qui sont sur les grands chemins, de ma-nière que, pour les passer, il faut toujours monter et descendre. La grande arche du pont est creuse; il y a une chambre pour prendre le frais, et pour regarder le fleuve, ce qui se voit à presque tous les grands ponts de la Perse. Celui-ci s'appelle Puli-neu, c'est-à-dire, le Pont-Neuf (1). Un marchand des Indes, qui avoit gagné beaucoup de bien dans ses voyages, le fit bâtir.fn.1 Lisez Pouli neou. Dès 1618 et 1619, l'ambassadeur espagnol D. Garcias de Silva Figueroa avoit trouvé ce Pont-Neuf tellement ruiné qu'on avoit jeté sur l'arche du milieu, qui étoit entièrentent rompue des arbres recouverts de planches et de terre. Ces arbres, quoique tres-gros, trembloient sous les pieds des voyageurs, à cause de leur grande portée. P. della Valle et Thévenot ne paroissent pas l'avoir tronvé en meilleur état. Le premier dit qu'il est en briques et bordé d'un parapet. C. le Bruyn s'accorde avec Chardin, et dit qu'il est ca pierres. (L-s.) [This bridge is made of cut stone, high and lofty, made in the shape of a humpback, like most of the bridges in Persia, which are on the main roads, so that, to cross them, one must always go up and down. The great arch of the bridge is hollow; there is a room for taking in the air, and for looking at the river, which is seen on almost all the great bridges in Persia. This one is called Puli-neu, that is to say, the New Bridge (1). A merchant from the Indies, who had earned a lot of money in his travels, had it built.
fn.1 Read Puli neou. As early as 1618 and 1619, the Spanish ambassador D. Garcias de Silva Figueroa had found this New Bridge so ruined that trees covered with planks and earth had been thrown onto the middle arch, which was completely broken. These trees, although very large, trembled under the feet of travelers, because of their great reach. P. della Valle and Thévenot do not appear to have found it in better condition. The first says that it is made of bricks and bordered by a parapet. C. le Bruyn agrees with Chardin, and says that it is made of stones. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 237
SOURCE for stone bridge four arches
« On trouve en cet endroit deux chemins qui conduilent et Perfepolis, l'on a ganche, à côté de ces deux montagnes, et l'autre à droite, proche de la premiere, où il y a un pont de pierre à quatre arches fur is riviere de Bendemir, laquelle les anciens nommoient Corus, Corius ou Cyrus, à laquelle ils en joignent une autre fous le nom d'Araxe, dont il eft fait mention dans la vie d'Alexandre le Grand, laquelle ils nomment aufli Cyropolis ou Cyrefchatas. [In this place there are two roads which lead to Perfepolis, one on the left, next to these two mountains, and the other to the right, near the first, where there is a four-arched stone bridge on the river of Bendemir, which the ancients called Corus, Corius or Cyrus, to which they add another under the name of Araxe, which is mentioned in the life of Alexander the Great, which they also call Cyropolis or Cyrefchatas.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 258

R50-018 Sciras
R50-018 Sciras : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chimaz , Chiraz , Schiras , Shiraz , Siraz , شیراز ,
VARIANT names: Chiras , Chiraz , Chyraz , Giras , Giraz , Schiras , Sciras , Sciraz , Scyras , Sehiras , Shira-its-tsi-ish , Shirass , Shiraz , Siras , Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz , Širaz , Sjiraas , Sjiraas , Stadt Siraes , Syras , Xiras , Xiraz , Zjie-raes ,
SOURCE for Chiras
« dinge alle de omleggende vlekken hooren, en daarvan hij in Chiras aan den gouverneur reekeningh doen moet, [let all the destroyers hear the things, and he must give an account of them to the governor in Chiras,] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 74
« Le 17, j'arrivai à Chiras, foible et défait, [On the 17th, I arrived in Chiras, weak and defeated,] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 90
« Je n'ai point voulu marquer par le compas la route que je tenois , jour par jour, d'Ispalian à Chiras, car c'est presque la même chose chaque jour ; [I did not want to mark with the compass the route I took, day by day, from Ispalian to Chiras, because it is almost the same thing every day;] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 241
SOURCE for Chiraz
« ITINÉRAIRE DE CHIRAZ A SIRAF. De Chiraz à Kafra كفرة village 15 milles.?? » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 1 p. 400
SOURCE for Chyraz
« Chyraz » in {map#1255 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / dressée par P. Lapie... ; gravée par Blondeau..., , 1810, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE C-10435}
« Chyraz » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
« Arrivé à la porte de Chyraz, un individu préposé à je ne sais quoi se jeta sur Alawerdi et le secoua avec violence; on lui demanda 2 krowns, je ne sais à quel titre. Alawerdi résista, mais le préposé s'empara du fusil qu'il portait en bandoulière. Je le laissai faire, bien persuadé que j'en obtiendrais raison. Je fus d'abord à la douane où je déposai mes effets qui furent culbutés,, Dieu sait comme! et me rendis ensuite chez le nabab où je retrouvai mon logement. [Arriving at the gate of Chyraz, an individual in charge of I don't know what threw himself on Alawerdi and shook him violently; he was asked for 2 krowns, I don't know for what reason. Alawerdi resisted, but the attendant grabbed the rifle he was carrying across his shoulder. I let him do it, fully convinced that I would get his way. I first went to customs where I deposited my belongings which were overturned, God knows how! and then went to the nawab where I found my accommodation.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 603
SOURCE for Giras
« GIRAS, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Relações Anais]. [GIRAS, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Annals].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. D-N p. 85
SOURCE for Giraz
« From there they will go to the city of Vargim, and from there to the city of Giraz » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 249
SOURCE for Schiras
« Le seizième de mars à huit heures du matin, je partis de Schiras, et après six heures de marche dans la plaine, qui cesse d'être fertile à une lieue de la ville, [On the sixteenth of March at eight o'clock in the morning, I left Schiras, and after six hours of walking in the plain, which ceases to be fertile a league from the town,] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 310
« J'arrivay à Schiras ſur les fix heures du ſoir ; [I arrived at Shiras around six o'clock in the evening;] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 656
« La Ville de Schiras, où nous arrivames enfin le 4 de Mars, n'eſt qu'à 1 mille de Tſchinar Raddar vers l'Eſt. Nous employames donc dixhuit jours, pour faire le Voyage d'Abuſchäbhr à Schiras, au lieu que fans cela, quelqu'un peut facilement faire ce Voyage en fix jours. La cauſe que nous étions fi longtems en chemin, n'étoit pas ſeulement le mauvais tems et le détour par Kormudſch, mais que la plus part des Marchandises de notre Kaffle, n'étoient chargées que fur des mauvais Anes, qui ne pouvoient faire que de petites journées. [The city of Shiras, where we finally arrived on March 4th, is only one mile east of Tſchinar Raddar.
It therefore took us eighteen days to make the journey from Abuſschäbhr to Shiras, whereas someone could easily make this journey in ten days. The reason we were so long on the road was not only the bad weather and the detour via Kormudſsh, but also that most of the goods in our wagon were loaded only onto poor donkeys, which could only travel for short periods.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 91
SOURCE for Sciras
« . Egli, mentre facemmo dimora a Sciras, non volle che noi ſpendeſsimo, per non offender le leggi dell'oſpitalità; [While we were staying in Sciras, he did not want us to spend money so as not to offend the laws of hospitality; ] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p.263
SOURCE for Sciraz
« Fatta poi notte, di nuovo ci rimettemmo alla via; e il mercoledi, ventidue di giugno, camminate pian piano e molto adagio le due o tre sole leghe che restavano infin alla città di Sciraz, non prima dell'alba ci arrivamnto. [Then when night fell, we set off again; and on Wednesday, the twenty-second of June, you walked slowly and very slowly the only two or three leagues that remained until the city of Sciraz, arriving there not before dawn.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 362
« A due o tre ore di notte facemmo di nuovo levata, e dopo aver camminato tutto il resto della notte, il sabbato, sedici di ottobre, fatte le sci altre leghe che sole restavano a giorno chiaro, levato già il sole, arrivammo ai giardini di Sciraz, la qual città è situata pur in un bel piano circondato quasi d'ogn'intorno da monti, [At two or three o'clock in the morning we rose again, and after having walked all the rest of the night, on Saturday, the sixteenth of October, having skied the other leagues that were left in the light of day, the sun having already risen, we arrived at the gardens of Sciraz, which city is situated on a beautiful plain surrounded almost on all sides by mountains,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 265
SOURCE for Scyras
« Het Landt roudtom Scyras is seer buchtbaar; maar boven al in Wijngaarden/die den Wijn voastrengen / welke dosz geheel Perfien, en selfs daar bupten / voor den besten van de ge heele Werelt gehouden. werdt / zijnde noch geuriger/ krachti ger/en forter als de Canarie-Sck. [The Land of Scyras is very famous; but above all in Vineyards / that supply the Wine / which are entirely Perfian, and even there / held for the best in the entire World. was / being neither more fragrant / more powerful / and stronger than the Canarie-Sck.] » #3243 Jan Janszoon Struys, Drie aanmerkelijke en seer rampspoedige Reysen, Meurs, 1677 ~ p. 354
SOURCE for Sehiras
« Having view'd these Antiquities, which with those of Derbent, were all we met with in our Travels, I prosecuted my jour|ney the 28. of Ianuary, and got that day ten Leagues, to the City of Sehiras. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Shira-its-tsi-ish
see source « Syras »
SOURCE for Shirass
« Dined here and went away for Shirass, being 5 farsangs, bad way up hills and down ; about the middle of the way in a fine plain is a good caravensaroy. Arrjved at Shirass at 8 at night. 21st [February], being Sunday. Went away for Bobbahodge. 9 farsangs good way . » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Shiraz
« This route passed Tarom, Forgh, Rustak, Darab, Darakan, Fasa, Sarvestan and then Shiraz, and from there onwards to Isfahan. This was the normal trade route prior the reign of Shah `Abbas I (1587-1629) . » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 252 and #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 67
« 24th February, Khan-i-Zanyan, 3 farsakhs ; 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. 25th February, Shiraz, 8 farsakhs ; 5.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Next morning early, we saddled our horses for Shiraz. We had thirty-two miles to march, and the road, winding among bare mountain-tops, proved less interesting than any stage since Burazjan. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 45
« next night pitching a farfangh ſhort of Shiraz; where we expected a ceremonious entrance » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 132
« Hastening on towards Shiráz, I met a line inspector on tour, Mr Jefferies, who informed the that there was a riot taking place in the capital of Fárs. Accordingly, with very brief visits to the stupendous monuments of Persepolis, which I fortunately was able to examine carefully five years later, marched rapidly on, and being warned to avoid the town, proceeded to the beautiful Telegraph Garden, where I was most hospitably received by Dr Scully, the entertainer of almost every European traveller in Persia. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 80-81
« and thence in 5 leagues to the city of Shiraz. Total: from Yazdi-khwāst to Shiraz 44 leagues, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
« Further on, we passed the fine tomb of Shah Ameer Hamza, son of the Imaum Moosa; and crossing a bridge over the dry bed of a river, we entered Shiraz before dark. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 287
« Although the city is the capital of the historic province of Fars and by right of inheritance the successor to the glory of Persepolis, the claim which Shiraz can make to eminence by reason of antiquity is not comparable with that of either Hamadan or Rei in Media of old. The general location of the city, it is true, is probably an ancient one, as shown by the vestiges of Achsemenian and Sasanian ruins in the vicinity, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 324
SOURCE for Siras
« The 24th daye about 12 a clok att night we did sett out of the citie of Siras, comonly called by the inhabitans Shiras, and traveling over theplayne, » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p.78
« In our Stay here we had Opportunity to observe Siras, not only by Fame, but indeed to be, second to none, except the Royal City, in the whole Empire: » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 211
« Siras (Shirāz) for each carga half a mahmudi as in Lār » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321
SOURCE for Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz
« fn. 30. Bembo gives three spellings for Shiraz: "Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz." Persepolis is 80 km north of Shiraz. The plain to which Bembo refers is Marv Dasht, and he gives the name "Mircascun" to the town of Zargan. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 298
SOURCE for Širaz
« Širāz VI C4
Id Iran
Métropole (misr) de la province du Fāris et circonscription
IV 391 » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 58
SOURCE for Sjiraas
« Den 11. dito na 2 mylen, aan de voor aan in Sjiraas gelegene Tsaarbag, daar van velen verwelkomt wierd. [The 11th ditto after 2 miles, at the front of Tsarbag located in Shiraas, where many were welcomed.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
« Den 7. dito vertrokken wy van Sjiraas, hadden een goeden weg, en rondom ons veel dorpen. [On the 7th we left Shiraas, had a good road, and many villages around us.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263
« Den 6. dito wierd zyn. Ed: door eenige Armeniers bezogt, door hen met eenige tafel-vrugten beichonken, en 's namiddags door deneerſten ſchryver des Viziers verzogt, om op te zitten, weshalven zyn ed: na Sjiraas vertrok, [On the 6th his Ed: was visited by some Armenians, by whom he was refreshed with some table fruits, and in the afternoon he was requested by the chief scribe of the Vizier to sit on, wherefore his Ed: departed after Sjiraas,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274
SOURCE for Stadt Siraes
« 7 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 384
« 23 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361
SOURCE for Syras
« Persia alla via di levante (A levante, ove prima si trova la città de Syras la quale) li..20., ha populo inumerabile, mercadanti assaissimi, perchè tutti i mercadanti che vengono da le parte di sopra, cioè da Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) e da li in suso (volendo vegnir per la via de la Persia) passano per Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarcanda, la principale città della Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, che Enrico III di Castiglia aveva inviato come ambasciatore a Timur nel 1405, ci ha lasciato una descrizione di Samarcanda quale era ai suoi tempi; cfr. la sua opera Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrariamente a quanto comunemente si crede, Shiraz è una città molto antica. Poco dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, G. Cameron scopri a Persepoli alcune tavolette in lingua elamita, recanti dettagli sulle paghe degli operai ivi impegnati nella costruzione del palazzo di Dario; su una di tali tavolette compare il nome di Shiraz, sotto la forma Shira-its-tsi-ish. Si ha così la prova che la città esisteva già nel periodo degli Achemenidi. In quel tempo, tuttavia, essa era messa in ombra da Persepoli. Sotto i Sasanidi Shiraz fu capitale dell'Ardashir Khurreh, uno dei cin- que distretti in cui era divisa la provincia del Färs. ... [Persia on the eastern road (To the east, where first is the city of Syras which) li..20., has an innumerable population, very many merchants, because all the merchants who come from the upper parts, that is from Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) and from there upwards (wanting to come by the road to Persia) pass through Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarkand, the principal city of Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, whom Henry III of Castile had sent as ambassador to Timur in 1405, has left us a description of Samarkand as it was in his time; cf. his work Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrary to popular belief, Shiraz is a very ancient city. Shortly after the Second World War, G. Cameron discovered in Persepolis some tablets in the Elamite language, containing details of the wages of the workers employed there in the construction of the palace of Darius; on one of these tablets the name of Shiraz appears, in the form Shira-its-tsi-ish. This is evidence that the city already existed in the period of the Achaemenids. At that time, however, it was overshadowed by Persepolis. Under the Sassanids Shiraz was the capital of Ardashir Khurreh, one of the five districts into which the province of Färs was divided. ...] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 142
SOURCE for Xiras
« A 24, vispera de Sancta Catalina martir, despues de auer enuiado delante muy de mañana el Enbaxador su rrecamara y todas las demas cargas, le vinieron á dar auiso como le querian ya salir á reçibir de Xiras, [On the 24th, the eve of Sancta Catalina martyr, after the Enbaxador had sent his chamber and all the other loads in front of him very early in the morning, they came to inform him how they wanted him and to leave to receive Xiras,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 332
« A 5 de Abril, en la tarde, salio el Enbaxador de Xiras, dexando algunos criados suyos con mas de çiento y çinquenta cargas de la pimienta que se lleuaua al rey de Persia, [On April 5th, in the afternoon, the Ambassador of Xiras left, leaving some of his servants with more than one hundred and fifty loads of pepper that he was taking to the King of Persia.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 367
SOURCE for Xiraz
« XIRAZ, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [João de Barros-Da Asia). [XIRAZ, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [João de Barros-From Asia).] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. O-Z p. 287
SOURCE for Zjie-raes
« arriv?mes à minuit au Caravanserai de Babbahad-jie, à 5. lieuës de Zjie-raes. [and arrived at midnight at the Caravanserai of Babbahad-jie, 5 leagues from Zjie-raes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 312

R50-019 ponte di Passà
R50-019 ponte di Passà : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 29.483534 long 52.63715 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Pasa bridge , Polfaffa , Polifassa bridge , Polifaſa bridge , Polifazza , pont de huit arches , Pool-i-Fassa , Pul-i-Fasa , Pul-i-Fassa , Pully-pot-ʃhaw , Pylli Pessa ,
SOURCE for Pasa bridge
« A tres leguas de camino se llegó al rio de Pasa, ... La puente que en este rio auia, que tiene elnonbre que el mesmo rio, era muy larga y por dondeapenas podria pasar un carro; [After three leagues of travel, we reached the Pasa River,... The bridge that stood on this river, which has the name of the river itself, was very long and over which a car could barely pass;] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 330
SOURCE for Polfaffa
« Nous partimes fur le foir,traverfämes une partie de la plaine,le pont de pierre de Polfaffa, en partie renverfé, fous lequel il n'y avoit point d'eau, à cauſe de la grande fechereffe [We left at dusk, and crossed part of the plain, and the stone bridge of Polfaffa, partly overturned, under which there was no water, because of the great flood. ] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 312
SOURCE for Polifassa bridge
« A quelque distance de la route est un village considérable ; alors le chemin devient beaucoup plus uni . Après trois heures de marche , nous traversons un pont de huit arches en pierre , sous lequel coule la rivière de Polifasså. Elle prend sa source dans les montagnes à droite , près du village de Pol- Perindji , à huit farsengs à l'O. S. O. de Chirâz , et va se perdre dans la vallée . [At some distance from the road is a considerable village; then the path becomes much smoother. After three hours of walking, we cross a bridge of eight stone arches, under which the Polifasså river flows. It takes its source in the mountains on the right, near the village of Pol-Perindji, eight farsengs to the W. S. W. of Chirâz, and will get lost in the valley.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 pp. 340-1
SOURCE for Polifaſa bridge
« Den 19. dito, na een weg van 4 mylen rydens, en het trekken over de brug Polifaſa, quam zyn Ed: aan de Karrawaanſera Baba Hhadji. [On the 19th, after riding four miles and crossing the bridge Polifaſa, his Ed arrived at the Karrawaanſera Baba Hhadji.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
SOURCE for Polifazza
« Nous passons un pont sous lequel coule la rivière de Polifazza, et parcourons un chemin très-uni, [We pass a bridge under which flows the river Polifazza, and follow a very smooth path,] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 68
SOURCE for pont de huit arches
[no place name given - description used for Route 81 stage 068. PBR]
« Nous rapprochant des collines, nous suivons un ruis- seau qui va se jeter dans la rivière de Polifazza. Nous traversons celle-ci sur un pont de huit arches, et sommes agréablement surpris par la vue de quelques champs bien cultivés. [Approaching the hills, we follow a stream that flows into the river Polifazza. We cross it on a bridge of eight arches, and are pleasantly surprised by the sight of some well-cultivated fields.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 466
SOURCE for Pool-i-Fassa
« At 10 miles, cross a sluggish, muddy river,flowing through a reedy swamp. It has an old stone bridge, called the"Pool-i-Fássá," with remains of causeway at either extremity. » #3091 C M Macgregor, Central Asia. Part IV. A contribution towards the better knowledge of the topography, ethnology, resources, and history of Persia., Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1871 ~ p. 735
SOURCE for Pul-i-Fasa
« Pul-i-Fasa » in {map#1204 in #3143 Whitcomb, Donald S., Before the Roses and Nightingales: Excavations at Quasr-i Abu Nasr, Old Shiraz, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1985 ~ fig. Map of the plain of Shiraz and distribution of place names on sealings found at Qasr-i Abu Nasr}
« The principal road to the southeast runs down the middle of the plain to Pul-i Fasa (the bridge of Fasa). This road, as suggestedby the name of the bridge, continues around the southern edge of Lake Maharlu to Fasa and Darabjird to the southeast. Another road leads south to Kavar and Firuzabad (Jur) and on to the coast at Siraf. The control points for roads entering the Shirazplain are thus at the Pul-i Fasa and at or near Shiraz itself. Qasr-i Abu Nasr might have been situated onan earlier version of the road running the length ofthe plain; it does not directly dominate major passes to the north (which are 4 to 6 kilometers away; cf.Upton 1973, 9). »#3143 Whitcomb, Donald S., Before the Roses and Nightingales: Excavations at Quasr-i Abu Nasr, Old Shiraz, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1985 ~ pp. 14-15
« Leaving Shiraz, the traveller rode via the villages of Deh Ameris and Hasanabad, at one German from the city and crossed the ten-arched Pul-i Fasa bridge over the Qara Bagh river. The bridge was in need of repair, and was linked on both sides by a causeway, (77) at the left of which a lake was situated.
fn. 77 Valentijn, vol. V. p. 284 (Polisasa); Speelman, p. 84; (Poulisesa) Thevenot, vol. II, p. 127. The eight or ten-arched bridge is the Pul-i Fasa. There was also a karavansaray built by a rich Shirazi widow; de Silva y Figueroa, pp. 104, 351. »
#1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Pul-i-Fassa
« Pul-i-Fassa » in {map#1192 in #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ fig. Map showing road from Shiraz to Jashk sheet 1}
SOURCE for Pully-pot-ʃhaw
« next day to Pully-pot-ʃhaw (1) (leaving Bobbaw-hodgee on our left hand) fn. 1 This place (like the two preceding ones) has not been identified. The name is evidently Pul-i-Padshah, the bridge of the Emperor'. Herbert's itinerary (see appendix) adds the name of another stage, viz. Emoom (not identified). Clearly the cavalcade did not keep strictly to the usual route. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 132
SOURCE for Pylli Pessa
« Zunächst nach S+O durch die Dörfer Deh Ameris, Haßanâbâd, Pylli Pessá.[First to the S+E through the villages of Deh Ameris, Haßanâbâd, Pylli Pessá] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 111

R50-020 caravanserai
R50-020 caravanserai : place IRN (caravanserai)
Supplement: last visible in googe earth 8/2005
VARIANT names: Pasa carauasar , Pul-i-Fasa caravanserai ,
SOURCE for Pasa carauasar
« A tres leguas de camino se llegó al rio de Pasa, ... La puente que en este rio auia, que tiene elnonbre que el mesmo rio, era muy larga y por dondeapenas podria pasar un carro; ansi ella como un pe queño carauasar del mesmo nonbre que estaua junto ásu entrada, se auian hecho en virtud de un legado quedexó una muger rrica de Xiras, siendo las mas de éstasobras pias por testamentos de mugeres, como algunosde los carauasares y çisternas de que en este camino se ahecho mençion. [After three leagues of travel, we reached the Pasa River,... The bridge that stood on this river, which has the name of the river itself, was very long and over which a car could barely pass; Likewise, it, like a small carauasar of the same name that was next to its entrance, had been made by virtue of a legacy left by a rich woman from Xiras, most of these being pious works by wills of women, like some of the carauasars. and cisterns of which mention has been made on this path.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 330
SOURCE for Pul-i-Fasa caravanserai
« At 10 miles, cross a sluggish, muddy river, flowing through a reedy swamp. It has an old stone bridge, called the "Pool-i-Fássá," with remains of causeway at either extremity. Pass ruins of stone caravanserai on left. Here road diverges; one to the left front, leads to Fássá and Bandar Abbas; the other to Fírozábád, round foot of range of low rocky hills, in a southerly direction. On the side and top of first hill, overlooking the bridge, are the remains of an ancient fortress. » #3091 C M Macgregor, Central Asia. Part IV. A contribution towards the better knowledge of the topography, ethnology, resources, and history of Persia., Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1871 ~ p. 735
« Dopo tre leghe in circa di strada, passammo un ponte, sotto al quale allora non vi era acqua alcuna, ma in certi tempi vi suol correre un torrente che cala alle volte. dai monti d'intorno. Si chiama il ponte di Passà, perchè sta nella strada che a Passà conduce. Passa si dice volgarmente in voce questo nome, benchè nella scrittura al modo degli Arabi, i quali non hanno la P, con la F, secondo il lor costume, Fassà, o Phassà, lo sogliono scrivere. Passato quel ponte, si trova subito un caravanserai e certe case disfatte a piè di un poggio, sopra il quale si vede altre volte esservi stato un castello: ma ora ogni cosa è rovinata, ed il caravanserai ancora, benchè pur resti in piedi, è abbandonato nondimeno; il che credo che avvenga, perchè il luogo patisce di acqua. [After about three leagues of road, we passed a bridge, under which there was no water at that time, but at certain times a stream usually runs across it and sometimes drops. from the surrounding mountains. It is called the Passà bridge, because it is on the road that leads to Passà. This name is commonly spoken by voice, although in writing in the manner of the Arabs, who do not have the P, with the F, according to their custom, Fassà, or Phassà, they usually write it. Once you have crossed that bridge, you immediately find a caravanserai and some ruined houses at the foot of a hill, on which you can see that there has once been a castle: but now everything is ruined, and the caravanserai is still standing, although it remains standing. abandoned nevertheless; which I believe happens, because the place suffers from water.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 273

R50-021 Giganli
R50-021 Giganli : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Maharin , Maharlu , مهارلو ,
VARIANT names: Giganli , Maharlu , Mally , Mohullu ,
SOURCE for Giganli
« Fatte fihalmente intorno a quattro leghe di viaggio, essendo ancor hotle, ci fermammo a riposare in un luogo che chiamano Giganli, dove a piè de' monti, presso un caravanserai rovinato che sta accanto ad un piccoló rivo di acqua corrente buona da bere, Irovammo alcune case di Turcomani [Having traveled about four leagues, being still hot, we stopped to rest in a place called Giganli, where at the foot of the mountains, near a ruined caravanserai which stands next to a small stream of running water good for drinking, we found some Turcomani houses] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 274
SOURCE for Maharlu
« alternatives routes Route No. 1 Bandar Abbas to Shiraz(d). Via Jährüm, Khānch Kahdan, and Mahārlū; about equal in length and regularly used by Sarvistin Jährümb caravans; well supplied with provisions, easy, and in good lateral communication with the main route here described. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 161
SOURCE for Mally
« En côtoyant ce lac , on a sur la droite un mont escarpé. La terre est inculte , mais remplie d'arbustes de buis . Elle nous parut bien cultivée aux environs de Mally, où nous arrivâmes à six heures et demie du soir . [As we skirt this lake, we see a steep mountain on the right. The land is uncultivated, but filled with boxwood shrubs. She seemed well cultivated around Mally, where we arrived at half-past six in the evening.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 341
SOURCE for Mohullu
« Flom Afahallu we proceede(l on a bearing of 120?, 155?, anKl lG5?; but sny watch having got out of order, I was unable to estimate distances exactly on this march » #3038 Keith E. Abbott, Notes Taken on a Journey Eastwards from Shiráz to Fessá and Darab, Thence Westwards by Jehrúm to Kazerún, in 1850, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, London, 1857 ~ p. 151

R50-022 Selvistan
R50-022 Selvistan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sarvestan , Sarvistan , سروستان ,
VARIANT names: Burzu , Sarvestan , Sarvistan , Selvissoûn , Servistan ,
SOURCE for Burzu
« passing Rebat a mile to our left, we reached Burzu, called also Servistan, the chief village of the district, situated at 7 fursacks, or 247½miles from Mahullu, aild containing, it was said, 800 families. » #3038 Keith E. Abbott, Notes Taken on a Journey Eastwards from Shiráz to Fessá and Darab, Thence Westwards by Jehrúm to Kazerún, in 1850, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, London, 1857 ~ p. 152
« Burzu » in {map#1234 , , , 'Persia, Afghanistan an Beluchistan' [?26r] (1/2), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F112/623, f 26, in Qatar Digital Library}
SOURCE for Sarvestan
« This route passed Tarom, Forgh, Rustak, Darab, Darakan, Fasa, Sarvestan and then Shiraz, and from there onwards to Isfahan. This was the normal trade route prior the reign of Shah `Abbas I (1587-1629) . » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 252 and #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 67
« Sarvistan and Kübanjan. (3) These are two towns that lie between Shiraz and Pasā. Their climate is like that of Shiraz. Thero are running streams and some few gardens, producing grapes and other fruits of the cold region. The hunting-grounds here are famous, especially the mountain … region of Kübanjān. Near here is the Salt Lake [Namakistān] (1), where no fish or creature can exist for its saltness. fn. 3 Sarvistën exists and Kübanjän is presumably equivalent to the modern Kühinjän (FNN. 221, 223). Yaqut (iv, 316) gives Kabanjän as "a village of the Shiraz (District)". Probably it is identical with al-Usbanjan, which Istakhri (p. 136) mentions, coupling it with Sarvistan.
fn. 1 Not marked on the map. » #3047 G. Le Strange, Description of the Province of Fars, in Persia, at the Beginning of the Twelfth Century A.D. Translated from the MS. of Ibn-al-Balkhi, in the British Museum, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1912 pp. 1-30, pp. 311-339, pp. 865-889 ~ pp. 327-8
« alternatives routes Route No. 1 Bandar Abbas to Shiraz(d). Via Jährüm, Khānch Kahdan, and Mahārlū; about equal in length and regularly used by Sarvistin Jährümb caravans; well supplied with provisions, easy, and in good lateral communication with the main route here described. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 161
SOURCE for Sarvistan
« After leaving this village came into country which was well cultivated, chiefly with tobacco; a small canal of running water ran close beside the road the whole way to Sarvistán, where we arrived at 5-45 P.M. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 3
SOURCE for Selvissoûn
« Après avoir marché cinq heures , nous trouvons le caravansérail d'Ali-Abâd . Plus loin est le grand village de Mino , riche en vergers . Un ruisseau venant des monts de l'E. , par un canal souterrain , répand la fécondité dans les champs environnans . Nous aperçûmes , peu après , le village de Selvissoûn , placé presqu'an pied d'une montagne .Nous y étions à trois heures un quart . [After walking for five hours, we found the caravanserai of Ali-Abâd. Further away is the large village of Mino, rich in orchards. A stream coming from the E mountains. , through an underground canal, spreads fertility in the surrounding fields. We saw, shortly after, the village of Selvissoûn, located almost at the foot of a mountain. We were there at a quarter past three.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 342
« Nous arrivâmes vers midi à Salvissoun, petit village avec de magnifiques vergers. Nous campâmes sous de grands mûriers, et près d'un ruisseau de fort belle eau. Comme le village est à une certaine distance, je fus peu importuné. [We arrived around noon in Salvissoun, a small village with magnificent orchards. We camped under large mulberry trees, and near a stream of very beautiful water. As the village is some distance away, I was not bothered much.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 602
SOURCE for Servistan

R50-023 Terra Grossa Passà
R50-023 Terra Grossa Passà : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Fasa , Fassa , فسا ,
VARIANT names: Fasa , Fazza , Fessa , Paça , Passà ,
SOURCE for Fasa
« This route passed Tarom, Forgh, Rustak, Darab, Darakan, Fasa, Sarvestan and then Shiraz, and from there onwards to Isfahan. This was the normal trade route prior the reign of Shah `Abbas I (1587-1629) . » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 252 and #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 67
« 25 mai. Nous traversâmes une basse montagne, puis une plaine bien arrosée, où il y a des cultures assez nombreuses en céréales, et çà et là plusieurs petits villages. Nous en trouvâmes un, aux trois quarts ruiné, puis nous arrivâmes à Fása, ville de moyenne grandeur. A Darap, on voyait encore quelques Palmiers; ici ils ont entièrement disparu. [May 25. We crossed a low mountain, then a well-watered plain, where there are quite numerous cereal crops, and here and there several small villages. We found one, three-quarters ruined, then we arrived at Fása, a medium-sized town. In Darap, we still saw a few palm trees; here they have completely disappeared. ] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 600
SOURCE for Fazza
« Nous voyons un chemin qui conduit à Fazza, bourg à douze farsengs N. E. de Djaroûn, et chef-lieu d'un district de ce nom. [We see a path leading to Fazza, a town twelve farsengs NE of Djaroûn, and capital of a district of that name.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 456
SOURCE for Fessa
« We reached Fessa, after performing what is called 11 fursacks, or 38½ miles, but which, I think, does not exceed 9 fursacks, or 31½ miles. The plain extends in length E. and W., and may be about 7 miles in breadth. Fessa itself, which is merely a large village of some 900 families, with a detached mud fort and some pleasant gardens, stands in the midst of it towards its western extremity » #3038 Keith E. Abbott, Notes Taken on a Journey Eastwards from Shiráz to Fessá and Darab, Thence Westwards by Jehrúm to Kazerún, in 1850, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, London, 1857 ~ p. 153
SOURCE for Paça
« On the 3rd of June (3) they set out and went to sleep two leagues a day, and the next day they walked eight leagues and the next day they walked six, and they arrived at a large place called Paça, with many crops; and following their path through these places they arrived at a field by a river with salt water, where the wife of Braym Beça was staying: the » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970 ~ pp. 41-2
SOURCE for Passà
« Il venerdi poi, che era il diciassette di giugno, uscito già il sole, avendo camminato quattro leghe di lontananza, ma più assai di giro, per gli errori della notte, arrivammo alla terra grossa Passà, da me un'altra volta nell'andare in giù,[Then on Friday, which was the seventeenth of June, when the sun had already come out, having walked four leagues away, but much more around, due to the mistakes of the night, we arrived at the large land Passà, from me once again on the way down,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ pt. 2 p. 355

R50-024 Timaristan
R50-024 Timaristan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 28.902448 long 53.91232 † basis (a)
VARIANT names: Tabistan , Tamaristan , Tamirkhan , Tamistan , Tayinurjan , Timaristan ,
SOURCE for Tabistan
« Tabistan ou Tamistän ou Timäristän VI C4
Localisation hypothétique
Cité de la circonscription de Darabagird, à 4 parasanges de Fasā
Muq 422
Yaq II, 560, Schw 101 » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 58
SOURCE for Tamaristan
« Gilian, a walled village surrounded by pleasant orchards some 5 miles farther up the stream. Close to the west of it lies an old village site marked by small mounds, now dug for the sake of earth for manure almost to the level of surrounding fields. Local tradition knows the site by the name of Tamāristan, and this makes it possible to locate here the Tamistān which Is?akhri and other early Arab geographers mention on the way from Fasa to Darābgird. The place was still known to Pietro Della Valle in 1622 by the name of Timaristan. » #3162 Aurel Stein, An Archaeological Tour in the Ancient Persis, British Institute for the Study of Iraq, 1935 ~ p. 160
SOURCE for Tamirkhan
« The Avard or Urd Meadows. Now known as Kūshk-i- Zard. These are excellent pasture-lands, broad and long, with many springs. The climate is cold, and the grass here is very fattening. There are many large villages, as for instance Dih Bajjah, Tamirkhan (4) and others. These meadow-lands are ten leagues in length by five in breadth.
fn. 4 Or Taharjan with many variants: given by Yaqut as Timäristän. »
#1764 trans. G. Le Strange, The Geographical Part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub¯ Composed by Hamd-Allāh Mustawfi of Qazwin in 740 (1340), Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 133
SOURCE for Tamistan
« Tamistän 11) (bei Mukaddasi Tabistan (12)) mit Kanzelmoschee (13). Die Stadt lag vier Parasangen von Fasā auf dem Wege nach Darabe- gird (14), ist also etwa in der Nähe von Nabandagan zu suchen. Della Valle setzt es gleich Timaristan, das nach ihm 5 Meilen von Fasā liegt (15). Ein Timäristän nennt aber schon Mukaddasi in dieser Gegend. Es lag nach ihm einen halben Tagemarsch von Fasa ent- fernt (16). Wahrscheinlich sind beide Orte zu trennen, sie werden nur einander nahe gelegen haben. Unsicher bleibt die Zusammenstellung des Gaues Tamistän mit der von Tabari bei den Härigiten-Kämpfen des Jahres 68 d. H. erwähnten Brücke von Tamestän¹). Man möchte sie näher an Istahr suchen 2), wenn auch ein Teil der geschlagenen Härigiten von da nach Kirman zieht.
fn. 15 Della Valle 3, 144 b.
fn. 16 Muk. 455, 1. Der Name erscheint auch in der Provinz Istahr, vgl. oben S. 28, Z. 11.
[Tamistän 11) (near Mukaddasi Tabistan (12)) with pulpit mosque (13). The city was four parasangs from Fasā on the way to Darabegird (14), so it is to be found approximately in the vicinity of Nabandagan. Della Valle equates it with Timaristan, which according to him is 5 miles from Fasā (15). But a Timarist already calls Mukaddasi in this area. According to him, it was half a day's walk from Fasa (16). The two places can probably be separated, they are just close to each other. The combination of the district of Tamistän with that of Tabari in the Härigite battles of 68 d. remains uncertain. H. mentioned Bridge of Tamestän¹). One would like to look for them closer to Istahr2), although some of the defeated Härigites move from there to Kirman. fn. 11 hordes. 46, 8.
fn. 16 Muk. 455, 1. The name also appears in the province of Istahr, cf. above p. 28, line 11.]
» #1717 Schwarz, Paul, Iran im Mittelalter nach arabischen Geographen, O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, 1896 ~
SOURCE for Tayinurjan
« Murghsar Ürd (3)-This is a very rich meadow-land, of the cold region. From end to end it has springs of fresh- water and populous villages, and of these last are the hamlets of Bajjah and Taymurjān.
e fn. 3
3 For Urd see above, p. 21. Tayinurjān is no longer to be found on the map. The naine may be read Tamirjan ; it is probably to be identified with Timāristan, which Yaqut (i, 197, 908) gives as the chief town of Urd. » #3077 G. Le Strange, Description of the Province of Fars, in Persia, at the Beginning of the Twelfth Century A.D. from the MS. of Ibn-al-Balkhi, in the British Museum Asiatic Society Monographs XIV, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1912 ~ p. 69
SOURCE for Timaristan
« Timaristan » #2675 Atlante novissimo, ill. ed accrescinto sulle osservazioni e scoperte fatte dai piu celebri e piu recenti geografi., Presso Antonio Zatta, Venice, 1785, vol. 4: ~ map L'Impero della Persia Divisoi ne suoi stati
« the next day (ao outro) six leagues [prob-ably the Timaristan of Le Strange], » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970 ~ p. 41

R50-025 Zizevan
R50-025 Zizevan : place IRN
VARIANT names: Zizevan ,
SOURCE for Zizevan
« La domenica, ultimo giorno di ottobre, non prima che a tre ore e forse più di sole, avendo canmminato intorno ad otto leghe, scendemmo a riposare in una villa di trenta case, o piuttosto capanne, fabbricata iu mezzo di un grap palmeto di datili, che lo chiamano Zizevan. [On Sunday, the last day of October, not before three hours and perhaps more of sun, having walked around eight leagues, we went down to rest in a villa of thirty houses, or rather huts, built in the middle of a large datalis palm grove. , who call him Zizevan.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 278

R50-025a Darabghierd
R50-025a Darabghierd : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Darab , Darab-e Do , داراب , داراب ? ,
VARIANT names: Darab , Darabegird , Darabghierd , Darabgird , Darap ,
SOURCE for Darab
« Darab » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 5 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Bushehr und Fars}
« Après avoir eu long-temps , à quelque distance de nous , un nombre infini de ruines , parmi lesquelles est une colonne en briques , qui paraît avoir été un minaret , nous marchons entre des terres ensemencées pour arriver à Darâb . Cette ville , bâtie dans une vallée , est bornée au S. par deux collines que sépare un vallon [After having had for a long time, at some distance from us, an infinite number of ruins, among which is a brick column, which seems to have been a minaret, we walk between sown lands to arrive at Darâb. This town, built in a valley, is bounded to the S. by two hills separated by a valley.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 354
SOURCE for Darabegird
« Darābegird-Siraf. Darābegird 1 Tag Hasū » #1717 Schwarz, Paul, Iran im Mittelalter nach arabischen Geographen, O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, 1896 ~ p. 201
SOURCE for Darabghierd
« Tra le altre ville che si passarono, si lascio anche addietro di lontano la città di Darabghierd, che ritiene infin oggi il nome di Dario, da costoro detto Darab, da cui è fama che fosse fabbricata. [Among the other villas that passed by, the city of Darabghierd was also left far behind, which to this day retains the name of Darius, called by them Darab, by whom it is said that it was built.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 278
SOURCE for Darabgird
« In the central and comparatively well-watered portion of the Darab district circular ramparts, still imposing in their decay and adjoined by a great fosse, guard the site of Darabgird, measuring fully a mile in diameter. Surface remains within clearly proved occupation extending from late pre-Muhammadan to mediaeval times. The view from a rocky hill in the centre indicated »#886 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, An Archaeological Tour in the Ancient Persis.The Persian province of Fars, The Geographical Journal, London, 1935 (Dec.), 86:6:489-97 ~ p. 495
« Darabagird VI D4
Ruines à 5 km au Sud de Darab Iran
Capitale (gasaba) de la circonscription du même
#2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 48
« In Fars, a series of large, royal cities at Firuzabad, Bishapur, and Darabgird provide most of our archaeological evidence for settlement patterns in the heart of the empire. »#2357 Editor(s):D. T. Potts, A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2012, ~ p. 1079
« The town of Daráb, or rather Darábgird, as it should be written, is not so well built as Fassa: the houses are mostly built of mud and stones; very few of kiln-burnt bricks were to be seen. The main street is long and straggling, and there is not a proper bazar; but owing to the gardens, which are numerous and apparently thriv-ing, it appears to cover a lot of ground. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 9
SOURCE for Darap
« 20 mai. Nous partimes de grand matin, et arrivâmes à Darap vers midi.Darap est dans une belle situation; les eaux y sont abondantes; la plaine et les montagnes couvertes de végétation. Le Palmier y croît encore, mais n'y forme plus d'épaisses forêts; la chaleur n'étant plus trop ardente, il ne faut pas, comme dans les pays très-chauds, chercher à leur procurer de la fraîcheur par des irrigations [May 20. We left early in the morning, and arrived at Darap around noon.Darap is in a good situation; the waters are abundant there; the plain and the mountains covered with vegetation. The palm tree still grows there, but no longer forms thick forests; the heat no longer being too intense, we must not, as in very hot countries, try to provide them with coolness by irrigation. ] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 598

R50-026 Villa Grossa Dehchair
R50-026 Villa Grossa Dehchair : place IRN
VARIANT names: Villa Grossa Dehchair ,
SOURCE for Villa Grossa Dehchair
« Il lunedi, primo giorno di novembre, avendo camminato solamente circa cinque leghe, con tuttociò, non più presto che verso il mezzo giorno, si fece also fra gli alberi de'dattili, sotto la villa grossa Dehchair che s'interpreta Villa buona o del bene. Le case di questa villa non sono unite insieme, ma sparse a contrade, a contrade, dentro un bosco di palme, [On Monday, the first day of November, having walked only about five leagues, nevertheless, no earlier than towards midday, he also went among the dactyl trees, under the Villa Grossa Dehchair which is interpreted as Villa Buona or Villa del Well. The houses of this villa are not joined together, but scattered in districts, in districts, within a forest of palm trees,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 278

R50-027 Moghokiel
R50-027 Moghokiel : place IRN
VARIANT names: Moghokiel ,
SOURCE for Moghokiel
« finalmentea mezzanotte, e forse più tardi, ci fernammo a riposare in unluogo di quelle deserte campagne, che chiamano Moghokiel,dove si trova un'acqua corrente; e noi ci alloggiammo accantoad un pezzo di muro rotto che vi è, rovina avanzata, comepare, di qualche fabbrica vecchia. [finally at midnight, and perhaps later, we stopped to rest in a place in those deserted countryside, which they call Moghokiel, where there is running water; and we lodged next to a piece of broken wall there, an advanced ruin, as it seems, of some old factory.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 279

R50-028 tomb : place IRN
VARIANT names: tomb (Pietro Della Valle) ,
SOURCE for tomb (Pietro Della Valle)
« versola mezza notte ci fermammo a riposar in un luogo piano tramonti, dove soglion posarsi le carovane all'ombra di certi grandialberi che vi sono, di quei ghiez, da me altre volte descritti,che son della razza, o de'ginepri, o de'cedri del Libano: nè vimancavano intorno molti cespugli di mortella, ed acqua corrente vicina; da mezza lega prima di arrivare al sepolcro diun certo loro Imamzadè, che si trova poco più innanzi, dovele tre leghe di cammino sarebbono state compite; [towards midnight we stopped to rest in a flat place between the mountains, where the caravans usually rest in the shade of certain large trees that exist there, of those ghiez, described by me on other occasions, which are of the race, or junipers , or of the cedars of Lebanon: nor were there lacking many bushes of myrtle around it, and nearby running water; half a league before arriving at the tomb of a certain Imamzadè of theirs, which is located a little further on, where the three leagues of journey would have been completed;] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 279

R50-029 Purg or Furg
R50-029 Purg or Furg : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Farak , Forg , Furg , Furk , فرگ ,
VARIANT names: Burj , Burk , Chuerch , Forg , Forgh , Furg , Porcam , Porcão [Furg] , Porg , Purg , Purg or Furg ,
SOURCE for Burj
« No longer remarkable are the two towns, or more exactly villages, of Darabjird, whose creation tradition ascribes to Darius I, and Furg or Furj, Arabic Burj, both also situated on the main road from Färs to Kirman. In the tenth century, there were fortified towns of commerce and industry here, and the main market was in Fasa. » #975 Barthold, W, An Historical Geography of Iran … translated By Svat Soucek, Edited with an Introduction By C.E. Bosworth, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, ~ p. 161
SOURCE for Burk
« and thence 3 leagues to Burk (Purg or Forg); from here it is 6 leagues to Tashlu, » #1764 trans. G. Le Strange, The Geographical Part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub¯ Composed by Hamd-Allāh Mustawfi of Qazwin in 740 (1340), Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 177
SOURCE for Chuerch
« Primo nui ritroviamo una città la qual se chiama Chuerch, 311) lassando certi castelli li quali se vedeno prima che s se ariva in ditta città, di quali non habbiamo cosa alcuna memorabile da dir; in questa città è una fossa d'aqua nel modo di una fontana, fn. 311. Chuerch. Termine evidentemente corrotto. Sembra probabile che si intenda la cittadina di Furg (anticamente Purg), sulla carovaniera da Shiraz a Bandar-'Abbās, via Däräbgird, a 160 km. da quest'ultima località. Muqaddasi, che scrive Furj, afferma che vi erano due città gemelle, Furj e Burk; la prima era dotata di numerose terme, poichè l'acqua vi abbondava, come del resto nella città vicina. Nulla egli dice però del pozzo descritto dal Barbaro. Non si trovano riferimenti a tale pozzo neppure nelle altre fonti da noi consultate, come il Fars-Nama di IBN AL-BALKHI (pp. 128, 130, 159 e 161) e la Nuzhat-al-Qulub del MUSTAUFI, cit., p. 37. Pietro della Valle attraverserà Purg (così egli scrive) viaggiando da Shiraz al Golfo Persico, ma non ne lascierà alcuna descrizione. E assai improbabile che il nome sia corruzione di Khärg o Kharak, perchè questa è un'isola, ciò che quasi certamente il Barbaro avrebbe fatto notare. (Lo.) [First we find a city called Chuerch, 311) leaving behind certain castles which are seen before one arrives in the said city, of which we have nothing memorable to say; in this city there is a ditch of water in the manner of a fountain, fn. 311. Chuerch. Evidently a corrupt term. It seems probable that the town of Furg (anciently Purg) is meant, on the caravan route from Shiraz to Bandar-'Abbās, via Däräbgird, 160 km. from the latter locality. Muqaddasi, who writes Furj, states that there were two twin cities, Furj and Burk; the first was equipped with numerous thermal baths, since water was abundant there, as in the neighbouring city. He says nothing, however, of the well described by Barbaro. There are no references to this well even in the other sources we consulted, such as the Fars-Nama of IBN AL-BALKHI (pp. 128, 130, 159 and 161) and the Nuzhat-al-Qulub of MUSTAUFI, cit., p. 37. Pietro della Valle will cross Purg (so he writes) traveling from Shiraz to the Persian Gulf, but will not leave any description of it. It is very unlikely that the name is a corruption of Khärg or Kharak, because this is an island, which is what the Barbaro would almost certainly have pointed out. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 146
SOURCE for Forg
« The town of Forg, so to call it, is surrounded by a mud wall in the form of a square, with a side of perhaps 400 yards, armed with round towers at regular intervals. It had four tall gates, and a governor's residence inside; but these are all ruined and deserted now. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ vol. 1 p. 156
« and at about 3 miles off had Forg before us; an easy hour's ride took us in.The plain is nearly circular, with several date topes about. We also saw two blue-domed Imamzadehs in the distance. The village of Forg is square, walled in by mud walls, with flanking towers, a gate with flanking towers, on its east and west faces. The houses are all built of mud or else sun-dried bricks; the best of them seem to be but a broken down concern.The place is in anything but a prosperous condition. The ople, however, were very civil and obliging. Water seems very plentiful, several small but good streams running through the streets. Provisions also in abundance and cheap. Distance 14 miles. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 15
« En nous dirigeant toujours vers l'ouest , nous arrivons à Forg à deux heures après - midi . On entre dans cette ville par un pont de pierre délabré . Elle est murée en partie , et de mauvais fossés sont creusés à l'entour . [Still heading west, we arrive at Forg at two o'clock in the afternoon. You enter this town via a dilapidated stone bridge. It is partly walled, and bad ditches are dug around it.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 363
« 17 mai. Forg. Comme nous nous sommes passablement élevés, la nuit fut très-froide. Forg est un peu en meilleur état que Taroun. Je croyais y trouver quelque chose à manger, mais il fallut me contenter de dattes, quoiqu'elles me fissent mal. Les mules qu'on m'avait annoncées étaient parties depuis quelques jours: il fallut encore avoir recours aux ânes, que je payai extrêmement cher. [May 17. Forg. As we rose quite a bit, the night was very cold. Forg is in slightly better shape than Taroun. I thought I would find something to eat there, but I had to make do with dates, although they hurt me. The mules that I had been told had left a few days ago: I still had to resort to donkeys, for which I paid extremely dearly.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 597
« At 9 miles it passes through the grass huts of Kohima, and at 10 miles enters the town of Forg. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ p. 15
SOURCE for Forgh
SOURCE for Furg
« Furg is a town surrounded by a high mud wall, flanked at intervals of 75 yards by round mud towers. There is no ditch, but the defences are in a most ruinous state; a large tower in the centre of the town is used as a keep. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 218
« At 19½ miles the town of Furg is reached -vide stage 4, Route No. 2 (A). » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 495
SOURCE for Porcam
« PorcamOn the Saturday of May they set out from Taurom on their way, and on Sunday they arrived at Porcam, a place of Braim Beça, and they lodged in a large orange grove that had two houses and a large vineyard and dates and others belonging to the governor » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 236
SOURCE for Porcão [Furg]
« They departed from Taurom on Saturday the 19th of May, [and] following their way, they arrived at Porcão [Furg] on Sunday, [a] place of Braym Beça, and they were lodged in a great orange grove of his, which had two places with houses and a great vineyard and dates and other [*] fruits and great rearing of horses and livestock. It has forty inhabitants, and around it many of his places greater than this. Here they were until Tuesday [May 22, 1515 » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970 ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Porg
Porg
- Attestations: The mint signature PW/PWRGY has been attached to a location in Fars
based on die linkages between coins with this signature and other editions produced in
Fars by Bahram IV and Yazdgerd I. Mochiri has identified this mint signature with
Forg (112).
- Identification: Forg was a town and district in Darabgerd Khurrah. The modern town of
Forg is located to the southeast of Darab. Remains of a fire temple known as Chak Chak
are located to the east of Forg (113), providing confirmation of the existence of a Sasanian
settlement in this area.
SOURCE for Purg
« Purg- Attestations: The mint signature PW/PWRGY has been attached to a location in Pars based on die linkages between coins with this signature and other editions produced in Pārs by Wahram IV and Yazdegird I. Mochiri has identified this mint signature with 97 Purg- Identification: Purg was a town and district in Darabgerd. The modern town of Forg is located to the southeast of Darab. Remains of a fire temple known as Cak-Cak are located to the east of Forg, providing confirmation of the existence of a Sasanian set- tlement in this area. » #3092 Negin Miri, Sasanian Pars: Historical Geography and Administrative Organization, Mazda Publishers, Costa Mesa, California, 2012 ~ p. 64
SOURCE for Purg or Furg
« Il venerdi, al far del giorno, dopo aver fatto cinque leghe, arrivammo a posarci in una villa molto grossa, di forse duemila case, sparse tuttavia in confuso tra gli alberi de' dattili, sotto ai quali son rozzamente fabbricate, e la chiamano Purg, ovvero Furg, che così l'usano di scrivere. [On Friday, at daybreak, after having traveled five leagues, we arrived to settle in a very large villa, of perhaps two thousand houses, however scattered in confusion among the dactyl trees, under which they are rudely built, and they call it Purg , or Furg, which is how they write it.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 280

R50-030 Tascut or Tascuie
R50-030 Tascut or Tascuie : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Dastgerd , Tashku'iyeh , Taskat , Tasku'iyeh , Tushkuyeh , تسكات , توشكويه , دستگرد , طاسكوئيه , طاشكوئیه ,
VARIANT names: Tach-Kou , Tascut or Tascuie , Tashku'iyeh , Taskat ,
SOURCE for Tach-Kou
« La vallée s'élargit du N. au S. , et se rétrécit vers l'O. et l'E . Le terrain est stérile et fangeux. A trois heures après midi , nous sommes àTach-Kou, petit hameau composé d'une ving taine de cabanes construites avec des branches de palmiers au pied d'un mont , au sommet duquel est le tombeau d'un imâm . [The valley widens from N. to S., and narrows towards the W. and the . The land is barren and muddy. At three o'clock in the afternoon, we are in Tach-Kou, a small hamlet made up of around twenty huts built with palm branches at the foot of a mountain, at the top of which is the tomb of an imam.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 371
SOURCE for Tascut or Tascuie
« Finalmente verso l'ora di compieta si scaricò a riposare in un palmeto, che si trova in un basso a piè di quei monti; ed è di una villa che stava un poco più innanzi, chiamata Tascut o Tascuie. [Finally, around the time of Compline, he went down to rest in a palm grove, which is located in the lowlands at the foot of those mountains; and it belongs to a villa that was a little further on, called Tascut or Tascuie.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 281
SOURCE for Tashku'iyeh
SOURCE for Taskat
« by some convulsion of nature out of their original positions within a few hours. Another half hour's rough going over and around hills and up and down ravines, we came out on a small level plain. It took just an hour to cross it; we then crossed over the slope at the bottom of some hills; this was cut up in every direction by watercourses, and apparently, by the number of round stones about, at certain times must be swept by floods. Another hour's ride brought us to Taskat, which is a village some 3 miles off the main road. The place is very dilapidated, with no good roads; it has, however, a very fine date grove. Distance 19 miles. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 17
« At 26 miles the village of Taskat is reached which is situated some three miles off the main road. The place is very dilapidated with no good road; it has, however, a very fine date grove. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 494

R50-031 Seid Gevder
R50-031 Seid Gevder : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: SHRN UFI: 10439104 coordinate: lat 28.128163 long 55.680977
NIMA/GNS names: Ziaratgah-e Seyyed Jowzar , زيارتگاه سید جوزر ,
VARIANT names: Said Jaudar , Said Jowdar , Seid Gevder , Syed Jozah , Ziaratgah-e Seyyed Jowzar ,
SOURCE for Said Jaudar
« At 6¼ miles the direct road between Sa'adatābād and Furg is left; this route, although easier, has no village on it, and is principally used by the iliits. At 8 miles the road from Tārūn to Lar is passed, Route No. 2(b). At 10½ miles the small village of Rafiābād, is passed with the village of Karkum, about two miles to the N.-E., both with good date plantations; about the plain date groves are to be seen in every direction. The road now runs across a level plain with a good deal of salt incrusta- tions about. At 13½ miles Said Jaudar is reached, a poorish village with a good date grove. The houses are all date leaf huts. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 493
SOURCE for Said Jowdar
« The plain is covered in nearly every direction with salt efflores- cence, and in some parts the going is very soft, but easy carts could be used without difficulty, except during rainy weather.Just before turning to the north-east, around a point of the hills, came to the direct road to Forg. After passing this point the plain opened out to the north, going then for 7 miles further, cameto Said Jowdar, a poorish village with a good date grove. There?? were no provisions of any sort to be got; the water, however, was good, and there seemed plenty of it. A small stream from the hills, Taskat. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 18
SOURCE for Seid Gevder
« A mezzanotte incirca levatasi la luna ci rimettemmo di nuovo in cammino, e dopo aver fatto cinque leghe di strada sempre per piano, e quasi sempre costeggiando la fila de' monti, che avevamo a man sinistra, con vederne un'altra fila a man destra di lontano; la domenica, passato mezzogiorno di un pezzetto, presso ad una picciolissima villa di dieci o dodici case, in mezzo di un pal- meto, che lo chiamano Seid Gevder, dal nome di un tale che vi è sepolto, dai paesani venerato, eleggemmo di prender riposo sotto un grande albero, di certa specie, che a me pareva di non avere ancor mai più veduta. [At about midnight, when the moon rose, we set off again, and after traveling five leagues of road, always on level ground, and almost always skirting the line of mountains on our left hand, seeing another line of mountains on our right hand. from afar; on Sunday, after noon a little way, near a very small villa of ten or twelve houses, in the middle of a palm grove, which they call Seid Gevder, from the name of a man who is buried there, venerated by the villagers, we chose to to take rest under a large tree, of a certain species, which it seemed to me I would never see again.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 281
SOURCE for Syed Jozah
« Skirting the moutains, at 14 miles, the shrine, grove, and hamlet of Syed Jozah. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 59
SOURCE for Ziaratgah-e Seyyed Jowzar

R50-031a Ab seiur
R50-031a Ab seiur : place IRN
VARIANT names: Ab seiur ,
SOURCE for Ab seiur
« La notte poi, venute le provvisioni molto tardi, un'ora forse dopo mezzanotte, ricominciammo a camminare. Con tre leghe solamente di viaggio, si andò sempre per una gran pianura, attraversandola tutta da parte a parte, da tramontana a mezzogiorno; e passato un piccolo fiumicello di acqua salata, che taglia in quel luogo la strada, e si chiama Ab seiur, cioè acqua salsa: [Then at night, when the supplies arrived very late, perhaps an hour after midnight, we started walking again. With only three leagues of travel, we always went across a large plain, crossing it completely from side to side, from north to south; and passed a small river of salt water, which cuts the road in that place, and is called Ab seiur, that is, salt water:] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 234

R50-032 Pelengon
R50-032 Pelengon : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 10438824 coordinate: lat 27.9979 long 55.8863
NIMA/GNS names: Tall Sorkh-e Palangan , تل سرخ پلنگان ,
VARIANT names: Palingoûn , Pelengon , Tall Sorkh-e Palangan ,
SOURCE for Palingoûn
« Après trois milles environ , on passe à gué , près d'un pont nommé Poli-kami , une petite rivière qui vient des monts à gauche , et va se jeter dans celle qui coule près de Taroûn . Le chemin devient un peu boisé. A une heure après midi , nous atteignons le village de Palingoûn . Il n'est composé que de quelques cabanes en branches de palmiers . On nous logea dans une espèce de tour bâtie en terre . [After about three miles, we ford, near a bridge called Poli-kami, a small river which comes from the mountains on the left, and flows into the one which flows near Taroûn. The path becomes a little wooded. At one o'clock in the afternoon, we reached the village of Palingoûn. It is only made up of a few huts made of palm branches. We were housed in a kind of tower built of earth.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 378
SOURCE for Pelengon
« il martedì, due e forse tre ore prima di mezzogiorno, giugnemmo e ci fermammo sotto agli alberi di una piccola villa, di dieci o quindici case, detta Pelengon, che vuol dir le pantere o i pardi; non so se forse perchè di tali animali ivi si trovino. [on Tuesday, two or perhaps three hours before noon, we arrived and stopped under the trees of a small villa, of ten or fifteen houses, called Pelengon, which means the panthers or the leopards; I don't know if perhaps because such animals are found there.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 234
« A little further is a Village call'd Pelengon, that is, A Panther; so nam'd from the great number of that sort of Beasts breeding thereabouts. Two Leagues from Pelengon you come to a narrow way between the Mountains, » #3302 Ogilby, John, Asia. The first part being an accurate description of Persia, and the several provinces thereof : ..., Printed by the author at his house in White-friers, London, 1673 ~ p. 7
SOURCE for Tall Sorkh-e Palangan

R50-033 Guhrè
R50-033 Guhrè : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Gohreh , Gohreh-ye Faryab Chelow , Guhra , گهره , گهرۀ فارياب چلو ,
VARIANT names: Gohrah , Gohreh , Gora , Guhre ,
SOURCE for Gohrah
« «5-40 P.M., arrived at Gohrah. Distance 29 miles. ... Gohrah has no proper village or houses, but opposite to a Tofangchi tower, which is in partial ruins; we put up in a good- sized room made of sun-dried bricks. The houses or huts of date palm leaves are erected all over the place under the date trees, which are very numerous. There are 350 such huts inhabited by 700 people; 2,000 sheep, 80 cows. 60 oxen, are owned by them. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884~ p. 20 » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 20
SOURCE for Gohreh
SOURCE for Gora
« Nous arrivons à Gora à sept heures et demie du soir . Ce hameau , composé d'environ cinquante cabanes construites en branches de palmiers , est au pied d'un mont , sur la crête duquel s'élève un mur flanqué de tours [We arrive in Gora at half past seven in the evening. This hamlet, made up of about fifty cabins built from palm tree branches, is at the foot of a mountain, on the crest of which rises a wall flanked by towers.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 381
« 9 mai. Nous continuâmes notre route dans la même direction et toujours de nuit, car dans le jour il n'y a pas possibilité de voyager. Le pays est désert, aride et sans eau; il nous fallut absolument gagner Gora, petit village avec de grandes plantations de Palmiers et où le Pommier commence à être cultivé; c'est peut-être l'arbre fruitier qui s'étend le plus au Nord et au Midi. Il y a à Gora les ruines de deux khans qui annoncent que cet endroit avait autrefois un peu plus d'importance. [May 9. We continued our journey in the same direction and always at night, because during the day there is no possibility of traveling. The country is desert, arid and without water; we absolutely had to reach Gora, a small village with large palm plantations and where apple trees are beginning to be cultivated; it is perhaps the fruit tree that extends furthest to the North and the South. In Gora there are the ruins of two khans which indicate that this place once had a little more importance. ] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 593
SOURCE for Guhre
« Il giovedi, ad un'ora o poco più di sole, cam- minate quattro leghe, ci fermammo a posare a canto ad una peschiera, circondata da sponde alte di terra, nella quale raccol- gono i paesani un poco di acqua corrente, che di là passa fuori e poco lontano da una villa chiamata Guhrè. [On Thursday, at an hour or so of sunshine, after walking four leagues, we stopped to rest next to a fishpond, surrounded by high earthen banks, in which the villagers collect a little running water, which from there it passes outside and not far from a villa called Guhrè.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 286

R50-033a Curi hazirgon
R50-033a Curi hazirgon : place IRN
VARIANT names: Curi hazirgon ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION of Curi hazirgon AT Gishan lat 27.6765 long 56.235 [[PBR]],
SOURCE for Curi hazirgon
« il venerdi, da due ore innanzi giorno, ci fermammo a riposar sotto un albero, presso un'acqua salmastra (ne altra vi era da bere) in un luogo che si chiama Curi hazirgon, che è quanto a dire, Sepoltura del Mer- cante: così detto, come io crede, da qualche mercante che ivi lovette morire ed esser seppellito. [on Friday, two hours before the day, we stopped to rest under a tree, near a brackish water (there was no other to drink) in a place called Curi hazirgon, which is to say, the Merchant's Burial. : so said, as I believe, by some merchant who loved to die and be buried there.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 286

R50-034 Ser zehi rizeuon
R50-034 Ser zehi rizeuon : place IRN
VARIANT names: Ser zehi rizeuon ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION of Ser zehi rizeuon AT Sarzeh lat 27.5649 long 56.1195 [PBR],
SOURCE for Ser zehi rizeuon
« Vi è, con tutto ciò, un pozzo d'acqua buona e dolce; e chiamano il luogo Ser zehi rizeuon. Quivi i nostri camelli, essendo andati pascendo molto lontano, e la mattina non vedendoli noi da parte alcuna, credemmo certo che ci fossero stati condotti via da ladri. Mandai percio alcuni uomini nostri armati in traccia delle loro orme, i quali al fine, dopo avergli a lungo cercato, gli trovarono pascendo per quelle campagne, buona pezza lontano da noi, e ce li ricon dussero salvi tutti al posto. [There is, with all this, a well of good, sweet water; and they call the place Ser zehi rizeuon. There our camels, having gone grazing very far away, and in the morning not seeing them anywhere, we believed for certain that they had been led away from us by thieves. I therefore sent some of our armed men in search of their footsteps, who in the end, after having searched for them for a long time, found them grazing in those countryside, a good distance from us, and brought them all back safely to their place.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 287

R50-034a Tasctek
R50-034a Tasctek : place IRN
VARIANT names: Tasctek ,
SOURCE for Tasctek
« La domenica seguente, camminate quattro leghe, con esser la strada miglior delle passate, ma pur non affatto buona, nè piana, circa un'ora innanzi giorno, arrivammo ad un luogo, dove pur so- gliono stare rahdari, compagni di quelli che avevamo veduti il giorno avanti: onde noi, consegnata a costoro una carta che ci avevano fatta i lor compagni già trovati, non avemmo da dar loro cosa alcuna. E perchè quel luogo che ha nome Tasctek, non era abitato da altri che dai raidari, nè vi si trovava da provve- derci di niente, e per noi era ancor presto da posare, passammo perciò più innanzi, e camminate da due altre leghe per piano, con veder sempre monti da amendue le bande vicini, [The following Sunday, having walked four leagues, although the road was better than the previous ones, but still not at all good or even, about an hour before daylight we arrived at a place where rahdari, companions of those we had, usually stayed. seen the day before: so we, having given them a paper that their companions who had already found had given us, did not have to give them anything. And because that place called Tasctek was not inhabited by anyone other than raiders, nor was there anything to provide us with, and it was still early for us to settle, we therefore passed further on, and walked two more leagues to slowly, always seeing mountains close by on both sides,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 287
« Left again at 12-13 P.M., following the same plain as in the morn- ing. It is called the Dasht-i-Mohdam. This plain runs parallel to, and at the back of the Ganao hills, which are immediately behind Bandar Abbas. A 12-29 got nearly due south-east, and at 1-5 P.M. level with the village of Ganao, about 5 miles to the right in the hills, with a fine grove of date trees at the foot of the ascent. On the plain and near to the road was an Abambar, with a few date-palm huts, which were inhabited by the Ráhdárís. Went on, and at 2-25 P.M. camped near an Abambar close to the road-side. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 22

R50-035 Abi Bungher
R50-035 Abi Bungher : place IRN
VARIANT names: Abi Bungher ,
SOURCE for Abi Bungher
« Tasctek, non era abitato da altri che dai raidari, nè vi si trovava da provve- derci di niente, e per noi era ancor presto da posare, passammo perciò più innanzi, e camminate da due altre leghe per piano, con veder sempre monti da amendue le bande vicini, fatte alfine in tutto circa a sei leghe, la mattina, intorno a tre ore di giorno, avemmo per bene di fermarci presso una grossa acqua corrente, dolce e buona da bere, che trovammo per la strada, e la chia- mano Abi Bungher, ed è l'ultimo luogo della giurisdizione dello stato di Lar. [Tasctek, was not inhabited by anyone other than the raiders, nor was there anything to provide us with, and it was still early for us to settle down, so we passed further on, and walked two more leagues across the plain, always seeing mountains worth seeing. both bands close together, finally making a total of about six leagues, in the morning, around three hours of daylight, we had the good idea of ??stopping near a large running water, sweet and good for drinking, which we found on the road, and the key - hand Abi Bungher, and is the last place of jurisdiction of the state of Lar.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 287

R50-035a Rud sciur
R50-035a Rud sciur : place IRN
VARIANT names: Rud sciur ,
SOURCE for Rud sciur
« Al tramontar del sole facemmo di nuovo le- vata; e dopo aver camminato un pezzo, si arrivò di notte ad un fiumicello di acqua salsa, che i contadini di quel paese, in lingua loro chiamano appunto Rud sciur, cioè fiume salso, e bisognava passarlo. Ma noi, smarrita la via, penammo buona pezza e perdemmo qualche ora di tempo, prima in trovare il guado, e poi anche in rinvenir la strada, passata che fu [At sunset we got up again; and after walking for a while, at night we arrived at a river of salt water, which the farmers of that country call in their language Rud sciur, that is, salt river, and we had to cross it. But having lost the way, we struggled a lot and lost a few hours of time, first in finding the ford, and then also in finding the road, once it had passed.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 pp. 287-8

R50-036 Ciuciululion
R50-036 Ciuciululion : place IRN
Supplement: Return journey to north first six stages, Minab to Kahuristan. actual distance about 156 kms. each stage average 26 kms. Ciuciululion stage 3 at 78 kms. Issin, Kushar and Kahuristan known.
VARIANT names: Ciuciululion ,
SOURCE for Ciuciululion
« poco innanzi giorno arrivammo a posarci in una villa chiamataCiuciululion, la quale è di quaranta o poco più case sparse, lontano una dal- l'altra, per un gran palmeto, dove tra le palme son piantati ancora degli altri alberi; ed in particolare ve ne son molti di certa specie, che non fanno frutto che si mangi, ed hanno le foglie simili a quelle degli ulivi, dai quali la villa prende il nome. [a little earlier in the day we arrived to settle in a villa called Ciuciululion, which is made up of forty or so houses scattered, far from each other, in a large palm grove, where other trees are planted among the palms; and in particular there are many of a certain species, which do not bear fruit that can be eaten, and have leaves similar to those of the olive trees, from which the villa takes its name.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 288
« Noi, avute queste nuove, risolvemmo di trattenerei inCiuciululion, senza aridar piú in- nanzi alla marina;[Having received this news, we resolved to remain inCiuciululion, without going any further towards the sea; ] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 290
« In somma per tutte que- ste e diverse altre ragioni che tralascio per brevità, pensai che non conveniva di trattenermi più inCiuciululion, ma che doves- simo ritirarci in qualche luogo, dove se non passare potessimo, almeno dimorar con più sicurezza. Si era saputo che la carovana della setta degli Inglesi, due giorni prima era passata per una villa ivi vicina, e che nel porto di Combrù erano stati veduti alcuni de'loro, con lacub loro interprete e, che fu già un tempo interprete mio, e che erano andati tutti a Minà, fortezza, capo del Moghostan, [In short, for all these and several other reasons which I will omit for the sake of brevity, I thought that it was not appropriate to stay any longer in Ciuciululion, but that we should retreat to some place, where if we could not pass, at least we could stay in greater safety. It had become known that the caravan of the English sect had passed through a nearby villa two days earlier, and that some of them had been seen in the port of Combrù, with their interpreter and, who had once been my interpreter, and that they had all gone to Mina, fortress, head of Moghostan,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 295

R50-000 Ispaham
R50-000 Ispaham : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013426 coordinate: lat 32.657218 long 51.677608
NIMA/GNS names: Aspadana , Esfahan , Esfehan , Isfahan , اصفهان ,
VARIANT names: al-Yahudiyya , A-su-pau-han , Esfahan , Gabæ , Hispaham , Hispahan , Hispahone , Isbahan , Isfahan , Ispahan , Ispahaun , Ispahawne , I-ssi-fa-hang , Julfa , Sipahan , Spaan , Spahan , Spahaune , Spahawn , Spahone , Ya-ssi-pau-hien ,
SOURCE for al-Yahudiyya
« al-Yahūdiyya V D3 La ville actuelle d'Isfahan. Iran. Ce toponyme désigne en principe la moitié Ouest d'Isbahän, mais il est souvent employé pour dési-gner la capitale (qasaba) tandis qu'Isbahān désigne la circonscription (kūra). I 198, 199; Η 362; Hur 58; Y 274; R 90(g); Muq 7, 23, 26, 51, 388, 389, 397, 398, 399(d), 400, 401, 402, 457-58, 459, 491 ?. Yaq IV, 1045; LS 203-204; Schw. 586 + index. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 45
SOURCE for A-su-pau-han
« same as Ya-ssi-pau-hien in Amoy dialect » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Esfahan
SOURCE for Gabæ
#836 p. 13
SOURCE for Hispaham
« Prés huit heures de courſe nous aurivâmes ſur les dix heu res du matin à Hiſpaham. [After nearly eight hours of racing, we arrived at Hispaham around ten o'clock in the morning.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 77
SOURCE for Hispahan
« And so we arrived at Hispahan. Hispahan is one of the greatest Cities in Persia, where the King sometimes keepeth his residencie. The people are industrious and curious in all Sciences, but especially in weaving Girdles and Shashes, in making of Velvets, Sattens, Dammasks, very good Ormuzines, and Persian Carpets of a wonderfull fine-nesse. Here you may buy all manner of Drugs, and Spices, and Turkeses, with store of Pearles, Diamonds, and Rubies, as also all sorts of Silkes, as well wrought, as raw. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 pp. 84-5
SOURCE for Hispahone
« This daye we came from Hispahone [Ispahan], being the last of Aprill, to Botoon [?J 1 som two leauges from the citye.
fn. 1 Not traced. Della Valle gives Bertabad in this neighbourhood. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 45
SOURCE for Isbahan
SOURCE for Isfahan
« Iṣfahān 4. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
« and from the village of Sin it is 4 leagues to Isfahan city » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« finally 4 leagues to Isfahan. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 167
« I felt almost inclined to question my eyes when I actually caught sight of the ruined fire-temple. The deserted shrine stands on the top of a hill which rises about seven hundred feet sharply above the plain at a distance of three or four miles from Isfahan. The ascent is by a winding path which starts from the southeastern slope of the elevation and proceeds by a series of natural steps formed by ledges of the unhewn rock. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 253
« Inside the shabby gateway the road to Julfa lies among rows of mean mud houses, heaps of ruins, and shabby provision bazars; and that mile or more of Isfahan was the one disagreeable part of the journey. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 244
« The aggregate distance from Yezd to Isfahan I computed to be a hundred and seventy-seven miles. The course principally west, and the road good. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 423
« je ne parlerai dans cette route que de mon dernier voyage, lorsque je partis d'Ispahan pour les Indes le vingt-quatrième de février 1665. [I will only speak in this passage of my last voyage, when I left Isfahan for India on the twenty-fourth of February 1665.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Ispahan
« avoir fait trois lieuës dans des campagnes graffes et fertiles on arrive à Ifpahan. [Having traveled three leagues through rough and fertile countryside, one arrives at Ifpahan.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73
« Et de la a Ispahan اصفهان sans aucune ville dans l'intervalle, go milles. [And from there to Isfahan (اصفهان), with no town in between, 6 miles.] » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 2 p. 166
« At last we emerged from the bazaars into the fine spacious square called Meydán- i- Shah. On our right hand as we entered it was the 'Alí Kápí (Supreme Gate), which is the palace of the Zillu ' s -Sultán, the Prince Governor of Isfahan, of whom I have already spoken » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 196
« We were conducted through several streets, through the Maidan, and before the Kings Pa|lace, to that part of the Suburbs which is called Tzulifa, where we were lodg'd in the Quar|ter of the chiefest of the Armenian Merchants, who are Christians, and have their habitations there. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197
« the 16. of Ianuary I left Ispa|han, with a retinue of three persons, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
« HAving stay'd the most part of 2 Days at Ruk, we set forward again, and on the 19 we came to the long-wishd-for Ispahan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 313
« Reise von Isfahan nach Persepolis und Schinas anno 1683 in November [Journey from Isfahan to Persepolis and Schinas in November 1683] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 85
« je me résolus de me rendre à Ispahan, le plus tôt que je pourrois, et j'y arrivai le 2 juillet, fatigué et abattu autant qu'on le peut être. [I resolved to go to Isfahan as soon as I could, and I arrived there on July 2nd, as tired and dejected as one can be.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 91
« From Guz to Ispahan through cultivated plains. Road crossed by numerous streams of water » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Ispahaun
« After we had received their Complements, they undertook to be both our Guide and Guard to Ispahaun, Three Miles farther, defending us against the unwary Insults of Thieves, with which this place is infested » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 239
SOURCE for Ispahawne
« The twenty fourth day, we entred into the City where wée staied eleuen or twelue daies.This City of Ispahawne, is a gallant City, and one of the principall Cities of Persia, and aboundeth in traffique of all sorts of Merchandize. There are ma|ny great Surroies, where are houses made of purpose for the laying in and kéeping of Merchants goods, and to harbour and lodge themselues and their Camels Horses or other Cattle, and prouision; the profits of which Surroies redound to the King only. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 53
SOURCE for I-ssi-fa-hang
« name written in the Yaun period » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Julfa
« From Daulatabad to Julfa 22¾ miles. » #3529 Henry Blosse Lynch, Across Luristan to Ispahan, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, London, 1890 vol. 12:no. 9:pp. 533-553 ~ p. 551
« #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ » #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ p. 170
SOURCE for Sipahan
« (2) The city of Isfahan (Sipahān) consisted of two parts, Shahristān (also called al-Madina and Djayy, evidently the seat of the governor) and Djahüdhān (Arabicised: al-Yahūdiyya, i.e. the old Jewish quarter). See Hudud al-'alam, 131; al-Istakhri 198-9; Yākūt, 343. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 9 p. 220
SOURCE for Spaan
« 3 The city of Spaan, Spahan, or Ispahan, by the Arabians called Isfahan, situated in the southern part of Persian Irak, is well known as the magnificent capital of the kings of the Sefi family, which, espe- cially during the reign of Shah Abbas II., exceeded in splendour, as well as extent, most Asiatic cities. It fell under the dominion of the Moghuls in 1221, and was taken, plundered, and nearly destroyed by Tamerlane in 1387. » #3318 ed. Thomas Wright trans. Marsden, The Travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian, The Translation of Marsden Revised, with a Selection of his Notes, H.G. Bohn, London, 1854 ~ p. 49 fn. 3
« We remained in this city of Spaan with His Majesty until the 25th of this month, during which time we were invited by His Majesty to frequent banquets. Spaan appears to be a very convenient city. It is situated in a plain abounding with all kinds of provisions. It is said that, as the city refused to surrender, much of it was destroyed after it had been taken. It is surrounded by a wall of earth like the others. From Tauris to Spaan is a twenty-four days' journey, through a country entirely belonging to Persia, consisting of a very arid plain with salt water in many places. » #383 Barbaro, J. and Contarini, A., Travels to Tana and Persia, Hakluyt Society:Burt Franklin, Cambridge:New York, 1873:1963-6, ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Spahan
« December 1.-I hired 125 Camells to carry mine and Mr. Robert Dowglasse's Bales, at Mahmoodies 80 for 100 Maunds Tauris, to Bagdat, and 13 mules to carry our luggage, at Mah-moodies 90 per 100 Maunds Tauris.¹December 13. This day I left Spahan, and began my journey towards Aleppo, by way of Bagdat. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 213
« La ville de SPAHAN autresfois appellée, comme veulent aucuns Hecatompyle, eft fort grande; mais elle n'a point de for-tereffe, ny aucun beau palais, elle n'a pas fi grande difette d'eau comme CASBIN, mais elle a auffi beaucoup plusbeſoin de bois. [The city of Spahan, formerly called, as some would have it, Hecatompyle, is very large; but it has no fortress, nor any beautiful palace, it does not have as large a water supply as Casbin, but it also has much more need of wood.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 134
« siendo cosa increible el grande numero de estas naciones que en la ciudad de Spahan está rrecogido, no cabiendo en los muchos y grandes carauasares que en la giudad ay, por no tener casas propias en que biuir. [It is incredible how many of these nations are gathered in the city of Spahan, not fitting in the many large caravanserais in the city, because they have no houses of their own to live in.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 pp. 24-5
SOURCE for Spahaune
« 5 February 1707/8. Departed from Spahaune [Isfahan] the 5th February at 3 after-noon. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Spahawn
« One of the oldest and best accounts of Ispahan, soon after the period of Shah Abbas's government, is given by Sir Thomas Herbert, an English traveller, who visited it in 1627, and parts of whose description are so curious as to be worth transcribing, especially as his book is not now so easy of access to the general reader. He says:-'The imperial city of Spahawn is in thirty-two degrees thirty-nine minutes north; is seated in the kingdom of Parthia, in a fair plain and pleasant horizon. It is by some called Spaan, and by others Spahan and Hispahan, as their several dialects concorded. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ note p. 231
« ISFAHAN-Telegraph Station. In the Persian province of Irak-Ajim; pronounced "Spahawn." » #3181 Bradshaw's Through Route Overland Guide to India, and Colonial Handbook, W. J. Adams and sons, 1884 ~ p. 253
« The tenth of Aprill wee fet out from Spahawnet a village fix miles South from Spahawn: when we had gone a farfang (three miles,) we were ſtayed by the way to taſte a banquet in a ſpacious garden of the Kings, whither the Engliſh Agent and ſuch other Chriftian Mechants as were in Spaharon came out to attend our Lord Ambaffador: a mile neerer the Citie, the Vifier, the Sultan of Spahawn, Meloyembeg and Hodge nazar the Armenian Prince with foure thousand horse and innumerable foot, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Spahone
« The 27th daye we came to on of the Kinges garde[n]swch is wthin an English mile of the citie of Spahone [Ispahan], wher we rested this daye and layd in a muskeet [mosque] this night, weh is ouer against the garden gate. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Ya-ssi-pau-hien
#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12

R50-001 Sceheristan
R50-001 Sceheristan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6012426 coordinate: lat 32.63664 long 51.714141
NIMA/GNS names: Khalilabad , Mahalleh-ye Pol-e Shahrestan , Shahrestan , خلیل آباد , شهرستان , محله پل شهرستان ,
VARIANT names: Jarustan , Sceheristan , Shahrestan ,
SOURCE for Jarustan
« antes que ama-nesçiese á los offiçiales y criados á quien este cuydado le tocaua, para que le tuuiesen de comer en una buena aldea una legua pequeña de Spahan, llamada Jarustan, [before dawn he sent the officers and servants to whom this care fell, so that they might have food for him in a good village a small league from Spahan, called Jarustan,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 17
SOURCE for Sceheristan
« E per cominciare, al venticinque di agosto, gia due mesi sono in-circa, parti da Ispahan, come le accennai nell'altra mia a questa precedente, l'ambasciador di Spagna don Garzia de Silva y Fi-gueroa, di ritorno al suo re, per la medesima via di Hormuz e dell'India, donde era già venuto. Però, il giorno che io dico, usci solamente da questa città per mettersi in cammino, e non andò più innanzi che alla villa Sceheristan, una lega lontano, dove si posò a raunar la sua comitiva, per far poi di là con più agio l'ultima levata. [And to begin with, on the twenty-fifth of August, about two months ago, the Spanish ambassador, Don Garcia de Silva y Figuerola, left Ispahan, as I mentioned in my other letter to this previous one, returning to his king, by the same route of Hormuz and India, from which he had already come. However, on the day I mention, he left this city only to set out on his journey, and went no further than the village of Shecheristan, a league away, where he stopped to gather his company, in order to make the final departure from there more comfortably.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 54
SOURCE for Shahrestan

R50-002 Husseinabad
R50-002 Husseinabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Hoseynabad , حسین آباد ,
VARIANT names: Hoseynabad , Husseinabad ,
SOURCE for Hoseynabad
SOURCE for Husseinabad
« Noi poi cam-minate il resto della notte quattro leghe, il sabbato a mattina a buon'ora ci ſermammo a riposare sotto una villa o castello chia-mato Husseinabad, dove tuttavia poca comodità trovammo di vittovaglia. [We then walked the rest of the night for four leagues, and on Saturday morning we stopped to rest early under a villa or castle called Husseinabad, where however we found little comfort in the way of provisions.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 236

R50-003 Mehiar
R50-003 Mehiar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mahyar , مهیار ,
VARIANT names: Han Rus , Mahiar , Mahjar , Mahyar , Maiar , Majaart , Majaer , Majar , Mayar , Mayer , Mehiar , Moyeor , Moyore ,
SOURCE for Han Rus
« Han Ruš V D3 Mahyar. Iran. Etape entre Isbahān et Qūmisa sur la route de Širāz. Muq 457. Schw. 939. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Mahiar
« ur les dix heures du matin j'arrivai à un autre gros village nommé Mahiar où on trouve un assez bon carvansera. [Around ten o'clock in the morning I arrived at another large village called Mahiar where there is a fairly good caravanserai.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 194
« Llegose un hora antes que fuese noche á otro lugar de la mesma vezindad que del de donde aquel dia se auia salido, llamado Mahiar, y aun que en él auia un buen carauasar, el Enbaxador y gran parte de sus criados se aposentaron conmodamente en las mejores casas de los vezinos. [An hour before nightfall, he arrived at another place in the same neighborhood as the one he had left that day, called Mahiar, and although there was a good caravanserai there, the Ambassador and a large part of his servants settled comfortably in the best houses of the neighbors.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 17
SOURCE for Mahjar
« den 22. absolviert in 6 Stunden bis zum Dorfe Mabjar (Mahyår) 5 Farsach. Wir brachen 1 Stunde vor Sonnenaufgang auf und kamen nach einer Stunde durch eine mit Gerüll bedekte Ebene Residenz eines Radaren (Rahdar, StraEenwart), wo eine Wegekreuzung war, einer ging rechts SW durchs Gebirge, der andre nach S war der unsrige. [We completed the 22nd in 6 hours to reach the village of Mabjar (Mahyår) 5 Farsach. We set off 1 hour before sunrise and after an hour passed through a scree-covered plain where the residence of a radarn (Rahdar, road warden) was located, at a crossroads. One road went right (southwest) through the mountains, the other to the south was ours.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 85-6
SOURCE for Mahyar
« thence 5 to [۱۸۰] the village of Mahyar on the frontier of Fars, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
SOURCE for Maiar
« Then we were up and off again, not along the road, but down a streamlet fringed with willows, until the dancing mirage in the distance hardened into mud huts and the grey caravanserai of Shah Abbas, and I rode into Maiar. There was no cha'par khaneh, so, meeting Saif, I left him to bring on the mules, and plodded another seven miles to a lonely little place on the plain, where carriages stopped to change horses. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 277
SOURCE for Majaart
« Ook paſſeerden wy. 't dorp Miſeralifa, alwaar men mede een goede Karrawanfera heeft, dog 't dorp zelf is kleen. Wy reden over een zeer gevaarlyken klippigen berg, genaamd Cotali Ortlini, en namen ons verblyf tot Majaart, dat een tamelyk groot dorp, en redelyk bebouwt is. [We also passed the village of Miſeralifa, which has a good Karrawanfera, though the village itself is small. We rode over a very dangerous, rocky mountain, called Cotali Ortlini, and took up residence at Majaart, which is a fairly large village and reasonably well-developed.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 259
SOURCE for Majaer
Le vingt-huitieme nous arrivámes au village de Majaer, où il y a un beau Caravanserai de pierre, bâti par le Roi Sulemoen, pere du Prince, qui regue aujourd'hui. On trouve en dedans, tout autour de la cour, de belles écuries, et le dehors de ce bâtiment reffemble plus à un Palais, qu'à une maifon publique pour Ies voyageurs. [On the eighth day we arrived at the village of Majaer, where there is a beautiful stone caravanserai, built by King Sulemoen, father of the Prince who reigns today. Inside, all around the courtyard, are fine stables, and the exterior of this building resembles a palace more than a public house for travelers.]
SOURCE for Majar
« I travell'd that day eight Leagues, to a Village called Majar, where I stayd all the next day, expecting a Carmelite Father, who had promis'd me his company. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
« I departed with the Caravan of the Honorable the East India Com|pany, from the Royal City Ispahan, having a sufficient number of Camels and Mules to carry our Provision and Baggage to Gammeron. The same day we travailed 8 Leagues and about 10 a Clock came to a village called Majar, where we took up our nights Lodging. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 328
SOURCE for Mayar
« From about 16 miles the valley widens to from 5 to 7 miles broad, and is open and flat for the rest of the march, narrowing again to about 1 mile towards Mayar, at 30 miles. This village is an irregular polygon, surrounded by high walls with loop-holed towers, now in ruins (Curzon), and is situated among gardens and cultivation, immediately under the steep, rocky range to the left of the valley. There is a small post-house outside the village, with a good well and a large masonry caravansarai, in dilapidated condition. Many of the houses are in ruins. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187
« Mayar (1) est un village gros de trois cents maisons, situé entre deux montagnes, s'étendant de l'une à l'autre, de sorte qu'il seroit impossible de ne passer pas par-dedans, quand on le vou-droit. Cette avantageuse situation me pourroitfn. 1 P. Della Valle, écrit Mehiar, et dit que ce nom signitic ami d'une grande. Ce mot peut en effet signifier ami d'un grand on d'une grande, si l'on prononce mehi yår, ou grand ami, si l'on prononce Meh yår. Les habitans de ce village étoient autrefois renonumés par la bonté des flèches qu'ils faconnoient. « Ce village dit Thévenot, est le commenceruent du pays de Fårs, qui, pro-prement, est la Perse. Voyage de M. Thevenot au Levant, etc., tout. IV, pag. 417, edit. in-12. Ambassade de Silva Figue-roa, pag. 336, 337. Voyages de P. Della Valle, toni. IV, pag. 302. (L-s.) [Mayar (1) is a village with three hundred houses, situated between two mountains, extending from one to the other, so that it would be impossible not to pass through them, even if one wanted to. This advantageous situation would allow mefn. 1 P. Della Valle, writes Mehiar, and says that this name means friend of a great one. This word can indeed mean friend of a great one or of a great one, if one pronounces mehi yår, or great friend, if one pronounces Meh yår. The inhabitants of this village were once renowned for the quality of the arrows they made. "This village, called Thévenot, is the beginning of the country of Fårs, which, properly speaking, is Persia. Voyage de M. Thévenot au Levant, etc., all. IV, p. 417, edit. in-12. Embassy of Silva Figue-roa, pag. 336, 337. Travels of P. Della Valle, toni. IV, p. 302. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 195-6
« We stopped for the first night in a ruined caravanserai in the village of Mayar » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 344
« we arrived about an hour and a half before sunset at the village of Mayar, which is esteemed nine fursucks from Ispahan, from whence we had been travelling ten good hours, at a quick walking pace. This village, which is seated in a narrow defile of the plain, between bare hills, is small, and almost totally ruined, there being now only a few gardens with their occupiers there. An excellent caravansera, of a more highly-finished kind than we had yet seen in the country, on the public road, is also abandoned, and going fast to decay; but as it offered us ti,e temporary shelter we required, we halted here for the night. OCT. 15th.-While we were preparing » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 241
SOURCE for Mayer
« Came to Mayer about 9 at night, being 8 Farsangs; good way except the Yerchan hills and that but small; an extroardiny caravensaroy, very [every] thing plenty, but no good water being a little brackis. Messrs. Wildon, Mr. Foulks and Peter Lillye in Company.6 [February]. Stayed at Mayer being snowey weather. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Mehiar
« La domenica, al-l'alba, dopo aver camminato la notte cinque o sei leghe, fa-cemmo posata in un caravanserai, presso la villa chiamata Mehiar, il nome della quale significa Amico del grande. Quivi císopraggiunse Ghulamali, corriero di Hormuz, maomettano, ma che serve i Portoghesi, [On Sunday, at dawn, after having walked five or six leagues during the night, we stopped in a caravanserai, near the village called Mehiar, whose name means Friend of the Great. There we were met by Ghulamali, a messenger from Hormuz, a Mohammedan, but who serves the Portuguese,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Moyeor
« Next day we got to Moyeor; agrandiz'd by a thousand families; but none of their houſes compare with their dove-houfes for neat and curious outfides: they have fome excuse for it; » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Moyore
« October the 12th, 1628. The 12th daye being Sundaye about 6 of the clock in the afternoon we left Hispahone (being the famousest citie of all Parthia), and came to Moyore [Mehiar], a poore litle towne, haueing traveled 7 1ges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 74

R50-004 Comsce
R50-004 Comsce : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Qomisheh , Qomsheh , Qowmsheh , Qumisheh , Shahreza , Shahriza , شهرضا , قمشه ,
VARIANT names: Canischa , Carmaça , Comashaw , Comche , Comicha , Comiffia , Comixan , Commeshaw , Comsce , Comushow , Komeshae , Kommehsja or Gomosja , Komminsja , Koomeshah , Kumeshah , Kumishah , Qomishah , Qumishah , Qumisheh ,
SOURCE for Canischa
« On the 18 ... Before night we got the hilly Countrey and set down in the village Canischa, where, by reason of bad Weather, we rested 3 days with the Caravan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 328
SOURCE for Carmaça
« Fernão Gomes and party were well received by Bedijam Beça and departed his campo on the following Friday, ie, the Friday of June 22nd, accompanied by the said Bedijam Beça a league along the way, and Fernão Gomes de Lemos with company arrived at Carmaça (Qomishah), described in the codice of Ajuda as a place of one hundred inhabitants, with a very good fortress, and which in former times was a very rich and populous city, but by reason of rebellion had been largely destroyed by Xeque Ismael. » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970~p. 42
SOURCE for Comashaw
« 7 [February]. In the morning, about 7 a'clock sett out for Comashaw. In the way Mr. Welden rideing after an antolope fell down, horse and man, and hurt himself, but not dangerous. Came to our mansell about 12 at noon. Here is a good towne where may have all manner of catables. From Mayer to Comashaw is a fine garden, a Coffee house, fine tanke full of fish, some with gold rings in their noses. The place is called Shaw Rasay after a Persian saints name. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Comche
« Le vingt-sixième à trois heures après minuit, je commençai à marcher par une plaine fort sèche, mais qui se rend bonne à une lieue de Comché, assez grande ville où j'arrivai à onze heures du matin. Il y a plusieurs carvanseras, et pour n'être que de terre ils sont assez beaux. Cette ville est composée d'une suite de villages qui tiennent près de demi-lieue de long. [On the twenty-sixth, at three o'clock in the morning, I began walking across a very dry plain, which becomes passable a league from Comché, a fairly large town where I arrived at eleven o'clock in the morning. There are several caravansersas there, and for being made only of earth, they are quite beautiful. This town is made up of a series of villages that stretch for nearly half a league.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Comicha
« Ma traite s'acheva à Comicha (1): c'est une villace qui est fort grande à la vérité, car elle a plus de trois milles de tour; mais qui ressemble jdIus à un village qu'à une ville.
fn. 1Hhamd-oûllah place dans la province de Fårs « Qomichah et Qoulendjan, qui faisoient autrefois partie de l'Tràq, et qui sont situés sur les confins de cette province, et sur ceux du Färsistan.Qoùlendjan est un château de terre, et a plusieurs cantons dans sa dépendance; il fait partie du gouvernement de Qòmichali. Le climat en est à peu près le même que celui d'Isspahan; l'eau y vient par des aquedues souterrain; le sol y produit du blé, des fruits, du raisin; les habitans ressemblent à ceux d'Isspahan pour le carac-tère et le physique: ils ont toujours été adonnés à la double passion pour l'un et l'autre sexe. » Nozahat al-Qoloub, pag. 169 et 170 du nº. 127 des manuscrits persans de la Bibliothèque Impériale.P. Della Valle place Comsu (Qòmichah) à cinq ou six licues de Mayar. Fryer (Travels, pag. 25g), dit que le nom de ce bourg signilie ami du roi; mais je doute de la justesse de cette ex-plication. La Relation de Silva Figueroa (pag. 173) s'accorde avec le texte du géographe persan, touciant les canaux ou aque ducs souterrains qui contribuent à la fertilité de Qòmichah. (L-s.) [My journey ended at Comicha (1): it is a very large village, indeed, for it is more than three miles around; but it resembles more a village than a town.fn. 1 Hamd-ullah places in the province of Fars « Qomicha and Qulenjan, which were formerly part of Traq, and which are located on the borders of this province, and on those of Faristan.Qulenjan is an earthen castle, and has several cantons within its dependence; it is part of the government of Qomichali. The climate is roughly the same as that of Isfahan; water comes there through underground aqueducts; the soil produces wheat, fruit, and grapes; The inhabitants resemble those of Isfahan in character and physique: they have always been given to a dual passion for both sexes." Nozahat al-Qoloub, pp. 169 and 170 of No. 127 of the Persian manuscripts of the Imperial Library.P. Della Valle places Comsu (Qomichah) five or six miles from Mayar. Fryer (Travels, p. 25g) says that the name of this town means "friend of the king"; but I doubt the accuracy of this explanation. Silva Figueroa's Relation (p. 173) agrees with the Persian geographer's text, referring to the underground canals or aqueducts that contribute to the fertility of Qomichah. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 197-8
SOURCE for Comiffia
« Den 23. paficerden wy door Comiffia, zynde een tamelyke groote plaats, en redelyk digt bebouwd. Zyn ed: wierd gedurig in eer Palankyn gedragen. [On the 23rd we passed through Comiffia, a fairly large place, and fairly densely built up. His ed: was always carried in honourable manner.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260
SOURCE for Comixan
« 17 del dicho mes, y auiendose caminado seis leguas por camino llano y buena tierra, aunque sin arbol alguno, llegó á un buen lugar á que dauan nombre de çiudad, llamado Comixan, de quatrocien-tos ó quinientos veçinos. [On the 17th of the said month, and having traveled six leagues along a flat road and good land, although without any tree, he arrived at a good place that they called a city, called Comixan, with four hundred or five hundred neighbors.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 15
SOURCE for Commeshaw
« from Amno-baut we rode next day to Commeshaw, a Towne boafting in a thousand houſes and much Antiquitie. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 148
SOURCE for Comsce
« e, camminate cinque o sei altre leghe, la mattina del lunedi, col sole già alto, ci fer-mammo a riposare in un caravanserai di una villa grossa che chiamano Comscè; [and, after walking five or six more leagues, on Monday morning, with the sun already high, we stopped to rest in a caravan of a large villa which they call Comscè;] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Comushow
The 13th daye we came to Comushow [Qumishah], a fine plesant towne lying on a playne environed wth rockes. Here is good store of water. This towne is the last towne of the Kinges. Here we picht, hauing traveled 6 lges. of a very good waye.
« The 13th daye we came to Comushow [Qumishah], a fine plesant towne lying on a playne environed wth rockes. Here is good store of water. This towne is the last towne of the Kinges. Here we picht, hauing traveled 6 lges. of a very good waye. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 74
SOURCE for Komeshae
« Our whole distance was six fursucks, according to report, which we rode in about seven hours, as it was full an hour past noon when we entered Komeshae. At the distance of a mile before we reached this place, we came on the ruins of a deserted village, where there were now only a few gardens artificially watered, several large pigeon towers like those at I"paban, and an extensive burying-ground. The principal object visible in this last, was a large tomb, crowned by a cupola rising from amidst trees, and standing at the foot of a rocky mountain, its sacred precincts being marked by an enclosing wall. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 242
SOURCE for Kommehsja or Gomosja
« den 23. gereist zur Stadt Kommehsja oder Gomosja (Qomescha -Schahresa) in 7 Stunden etwa 6 Farsach, [On the 23rd, I traveled to the city of Kommehsja or Gomosja (Qomescha - Shahresa) in 7 hours, about 6 farsachs. ] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Komminsja
« Nous nous remimes en chemin le wingt-huitième, fur les 3. heures du matin, et paffämes à côté d'un moulin à cau, fur une petite riviere, que nous traverfames deux fois fur de petits ponts de pierre, et arrivames fur les 10. heures du matin à un grand bourg, nommé Komminsja, rempli de jardins et de petites tours, qui fervent de colombiers. [We set off again on the eighth, at 3 o'clock in the morning, and passed by a watermill, on a small river, which we crossed twice on small stone bridges, and arrived at 10 o'clock in the morning at a large town, named Komminsja, full of gardens and small towers, which were full of dovecotes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 254
SOURCE for Koomeshah
« We fared no better the next evening at the small town of Koomeshah » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 345
SOURCE for Kumeshah
« Leaving Mayar, the road crosses a wide, barren plain, surrounded by hills, to a small caravansarai called Atyab Shah, where water is brought in kanats. From here to camp there is a sprink- ling of villages. The last 2 miles are over rough ground, and two bridged nalas are passed. Kumeshah is a considerable walled town with good water from kanats. Several small caravansarais and a telegraph station, situated a quarter of a mile from a precipitous range of hills to the left of the valley. Supplies of all kinds procurable. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187
« At Kumeshah, the last stage but one before reaching Isfahan, I happened on a hospitable inspector of telegraphs, who entertained me royally, and gave me news again of the outside world. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 276
SOURCE for Kumishah
« Soon after 2 P.M. we came in sight of the blue dome of an Imámzádé, situated in the precincts of the considerable town of Kumishah. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 222
SOURCE for Qomishah
SOURCE for Qumishah
« thence 6 to Qūmishah city; total from Isfahan to Qūmishah 14 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175-6
SOURCE for Qumisheh

R50-005 Amenabad
R50-005 Amenabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Aminabad , امین آباد ,
VARIANT names: Amenabad , Aminabad , Ammanabaet , Ammeenabad , Amno-baut , Barak ,
SOURCE for Amenabad
« Il martedi mattina, un poco tardi, dopo aver camminato otto leghe, ci posanimo nella villa Amenabad, che s'interpreta Colonia di fede, e ci trattenemmo il giorno in un giardino che sta in mezzo tra la villa ed un castello che ivi è. [On Tuesday morning, a little late, after having walked eight leagues, we stopped at the Amenabad villa, which is interpreted as the Colony of Faith, and we spent the day in a garden which is between the villa and a castle which is there.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Aminabad
« Beyond Maksudbegi the country is cultivated for 3 miles, beyond which, at 12 miles, is Aminabad, a deserted village with a masonry caravansarai built by Shah Abbas, fast falling into ruins. This is the last village in Irak, and the road at a short distance beyond it enters the province of Fars » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187
SOURCE for Ammanabaet
« Nous en partimes à une heure du matin, et parvinmes fur les 5. heures au village d'Ammanabaet, qui fepare, à ce qu'on dit, la Perfe de la Parthide. [We left at one o'clock in the morning, and arrived at 5 o'clock at the village of Ammanabaet, which, it is said, separates Perf from Parthia.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 254
SOURCE for Ammeenabad
« Our course continued in nearly the same direction as before; but the plain had now changed from a light fertile soil to a gravelly and barren one, scantily spread with tufts of a thick wild graas, on which a few flocks of sheep were seen feeding. Not a village now appeared throughout our way, until after about four hours tra.velling we arrived at a small place called Ammeenabad. It was just before our entering this that we met three men on foot, » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 248
SOURCE for Amno-baut
« Next day (through De Moxalbeg) we got to Amno baut (by fome cald Boyall) a village of thirty families, all of them apoftat Georgians, inclofd, to exclude their ſhame, by a high, ttrong, round wall raifd with battlements, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 148
SOURCE for Barak
« between the present villages of Maqsüd Begi and Amānābåd, the latter known anciently by the name of Barak. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176 n. 1

R50-006 Izdehast
R50-006 Izdehast : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Izad Khast , Izad Khvast , Samirum , Yazd-e Khast , Yazd-e Khvast , Yezd-i-Khast , ایزد خواست ,
VARIANT names: Esduchos , Hiesdegas , Izad Khast , Izdehast , Jesdagaes , Jesdagaes , Jesdegas , Jurgestan , Lurgisthan Carauansera , Yazd-i-Khost , Yazdikhwast , Yes-de-gas , Yes-de-Kast , Yezdikhast , Yezd-khast , Yudacoss ,
SOURCE for Esduchos
« The Day alter we Marched Two and Thirty Miles to Esduchos (2): But before we exchanged Degurdu for this place, we accosted a Black Marble Mountain, fn 2 Herbert (148), writing Yezdicaws, is nearer the original name of this remarkable place than Fryer. It is Yezdikhast, explained by old writers to be a Pehlevi word signifying "God willed it." It has been described by many writers. "Yezdikhast is, truly enough, built on the top of a remarkable rock, and this rock does stand in the middle of a deep valley: but the latter, so far from being a valley in the ordinary acceptation of the term, is a deep gash or trench cut down to a depth of over 100 feet, without the slightest warning, in the middle of the plain, the edge being as clearly defined as Shakespeare's Cliff at Dover. One is almost on the brink of the gully before one is aware of its ex-istence. At the bottom flows a swift and dirty stream towards the east. ...I own I should never myself have detected any analogy to the hang-ing gardens of Babylon" (Curzon, ii, 66 ff.). Compare Goldsmid, 196. Illustrations will be found in Curzon (ii, 66): Goldsmid (226): Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles (330). It is the Yezdecas of Tavernier (246), who quotes a common proverb: "That to live happy, a Man nust have a wife ci Yezd, eat the bread of Yezdecas, and drink the wine of Schiras." Browne (p. 224) writes the name Yezdi Khwāst, which is doubtless correct, adding that "what is called the sar-hadd, a sum-mer road, bears to the south-west into the mountains; while the garmsir, or winter road, crosses the chasm or valley below Yezdikh-wást, and trends towards the south-east." The former was Fryer's route. See also on these routes, Goldsmid, 192. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 233
SOURCE for Hiesdegas
« A 15, dia de Pasqua, se hizo jornada en Hiesdegas, despues de auer andado con la carauana grandes ocho leguas, [On the 15th, Easter Day, a journey was made to Hiesdegas, after having traveled with the caravan a great eight leagues,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 13
SOURCE for Izad Khast
« The third march from Surmek, however, brought me to a place which deserves more notice-Yezdikhast. 'Shiraz,' says an old Persian proverb, 'is famous for wine, Yezdikhast for bread, and Yezd for women.' But there is more than bread to see at Yezdikhast. Truly it is one of the most extraordinary villages of the world From ofon eg the trolladas » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 272
SOURCE for Izdehast
« La notte, levata la luna, si riprese al solito il viaggio: ma fatte solamente quattro leghe, il mercoledi, più di un'ora innanzi giorno, arrivammo alla villa Izdehast, che vuol dir Dio volle: dove convenne fermarsi, perchè non vi era altro luogo da ripo-sare, se non molto lontano. [At night, when the moon had risen, we resumed our journey as usual: but having gone only four leagues, on Wednesday, more than an hour before daybreak, we arrived at the villa Izdehast, which means God willed: where we had to stop, because there was no other place to rest, except very far away.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Jesdagaes
« Diary of 8 February 1707/8.Yudacoss. Yazd-i-Khôst. The Izdekhast of Della Valle (Hak. Soc. ed. III, 296).For a long note on this place see Fryer, op. cit., II, 233. When Thévenot first visited "Yes-de-Kast in 1665 (pp. 120-121), he found it "very little, having but only one street," the place "built upon a narrow rock" and "in manifest danger" of "falling down topsie turvy all at once." In 1667 he found the old village forsaken and another town, the one visited by Scattergood, in process of erection "to the northward." Struys says (p. 339) that the village was formerly called "Jurgestan, now Jesegas," and Hedges remarks of "Yes-de-gas" (I, 209) that it had "a good Caravan Serai, built in a vast great ditch. Le Bruyn (II, 3) has an illustration of the village of "Jesdagaes" as it appeared from the Kårwânsarâî in October 1704. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 46-7
SOURCE for Jesdegas
« Wy namen onze ruft op Jesdegas in ee'n fchoone groote Karrawanfera, ftaande by een brug, daar een fnelle rievier onder doorloopt, Hier heeft men een moorddadig en wederfpannig volk, woonende op zeer hooge klippen, die ftyl afloopen, daz men fchrikt, zoo men na om laag ziet [We took up our rest at Jesdegas in a beautiful, large Karrawanfera, standing by a bridge, under which a swift river flows. Here they have a murderous and unruly people, living on very high cliffs, which slope down so steeply that one is frightened when one looks down.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260
SOURCE for Jurgestan
« That day we travailed 7 Dutch Miles and came at night to a Village formerly called Jurgestan, now Iesegas. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 329
SOURCE for Lurgisthan Carauansera
« The 21. I travell'd 10. leagues, to a Carauansera, cal'ed Iurgisthan, very ill way, and so much the more incommodious, by reason of the wind and snow, which hindred me very much. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Yazd-i-Khost
SOURCE for Yazdikhwast
« and thence 7 to Yazdikhwāst village. Total: from Qūmishah to Yazdikhwāst 12 leagues, and from Isfahan 26 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
« From this point we could clearly see before us a small conical hill, beyond which lay the hamlet of Yezdikhwást, which I was so anxious to see. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 224
SOURCE for Yes-de-gas
SOURCE for Yes-de-Kast
SOURCE for Yezdikhast
« The second day was a record-breaker; we rode seventy-seven miles in the hours between 5.10 A.M. and 10.45 p.m., when we reached Yezdikhast, one of the most curiously situated places that can be imagined. It is perched on top of a rocky height that looks, as one approaches it, like some gigantic ship that has been turned to stone in the midst of a river bed that has been dry for ages. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 277
SOURCE for Yezd-khast
« Je logeai à Yesdecast (Yezd-hhâsi), château et bourg, situés dans une vallée longue de vingt lieues, sept à l'orient du château, et treize à l'occident, et large de demi-lieue, presque partout. [I stayed at Yesdecast (Yezd-hhâsi), a castle and town, located in a valley twenty leagues long, seven to the east of the castle, and thirteen to the west, and half a league wide almost everywhere.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 204
SOURCE for Yudacoss

R50-007 Gombeslala
R50-007 Gombeslala : place IRN
VARIANT names: Gombeslala , Gombez Lala , Gumbazellello , Gumber allalah , Gunbad-Qala ,
SOURCE for Gombeslala
« Gombeslala » in {map#1323 Itinéraire de Perse d'Ispaham à Siras, de Siras à Lar, et de Lar à Gombru prés d'Ormus / dressé sur la relation de Pietro della Vallé par P. Du-Val, , , fig. }
« On passe à mi-chemin un château de terre, flan-qué de quatre tours, qui n'est pas fort ruiné, quoiqu'il soit tout abandonné. On l'appelle Gom-bes lalà (2), parce qu'il est vis-à-vis d'une sépul-ture de saint, qui est sous un dôme; et l'on ap-pelle un dôme Gombes, en persan.fn. 2 Gombez lálá: le premier mot est arabe et signifie une voûte. et une coupole; il désigne aussi par extension une chapelle sépul-crale. On peut voir sur ce mot lala le tome Ier, pag. 6o, not. The-venot écrit gombez cala; gombez est le synonyme persan du ruot arabe qoubbéh; mais cala est une faute. (L-s.) [Halfway along, we pass an earthen castle, flanked by four towers, which is not very ruined, although it is completely abandoned. It is called Gom-bes lalà (2), because it is opposite a saint's tomb, which is under a dome; and a dome is called Gombes in Persian.fn. 2 Gombez lálá: the first word is Arabic and means a vault and a dome; it also designates, by extension, a sepulchral chapel. We can see this word lala in volume 1, page 60, note. The-venot writes gombez cala; gombez is the Persian synonym for the Arabic ruot qoubbéh; but cala is a mistake. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 220
« De là je passai près d'un méchant château nommé Gombeslala, [From there I passed near a nasty castle called Gombeslala,] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 295
SOURCE for Gombez Lala
« The monarch dropping his whip, called to his follower to alight and take it up from the ground. The faithful slave did so; but in the act fell on the earth, and expired on the spot, from excessive exertion. He was accordingly buried here, and this tomb was erected to his memory: from which moment the place has been called Gombez Lala, or the Tomb of the Slave.' » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p.
SOURCE for Gumbazellello
« and next to Degardom, eight leagues from which place, (and neerer Tendycaus) we rode over afteepe Mountaine of black fhining Marble, (and where are Quarries of Serpentine and Porphyre, if the earth were lookt into) the defcent was ſo percipicious, that but by ragged ſteps and thoſe not a little dangerous, was no riding downe: howbeit downe we got, and that night rode to Gumbazellello famous in a Carvanforaw and the best wheat bread in Perfia:) » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 148
SOURCE for Gumber allalah
« Dann SSO 1 Stunde durch eine schmale Ebene zwischen nicht sehr hohen Bergen oder Hügeln, die mit Cementina und Dermina so reichlich bedeckt war, wie unsre Heide mit Eruca, bis Gumber allalah (Peigambar-e Allah?). In diesem verfallenen Schlosse, das ein starkes Tor hatte und ein klares süßes Quellwasser, wohnten einige Locri (?) (Luri, Bewohner Luristans?), wie auch ein unlängst angekommener Rahdâr. So wohl auch in einigen schwarzen Zelten, die bei dem Schlosse aufgeschlagen waren. [Then, for one hour south-southeast, across a narrow plain between low mountains or hills, covered with cementina and dermina as abundantly as our heath is with eruca, to Gumber Allah (Peigambar-e Allah?). In this dilapidated castle, which had a strong gate and a clear, sweet spring, lived some Locri (?) (Luri, inhabitants of Luristan?), as well as a recently arrived Rahdar. There were probably also some black tents pitched near the castle.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 90
SOURCE for Gunbad-Qala
« Afterwards, one passed a little castle called Gunbad-Qal'a, where there was also a ruined village; Speelman calls it a small village, in which a few families only lived. It was an old fortress, with a tomb in which a holy man named Imāmzāda Muhammad Hājji was buried, providing the reason for its name (gunbad "dome"). The latter is confirmed by Chardin, who like Tavernier, also referred to a ruined castle with four towers. Kaempfer men-tioned the dilapidated fortress, which had good water, and was inhabited by some Lurs and a recently arrived rähdär. (52) The Dutch embassy in 1691 considered Gunbad-Qal'a to be a miserable karavansaray, which formerly had been a resort of rebels. Also, close by it was a square old tomb with an Imāmzāda, still partly tiled. The water was of reasonable quality. (53) The rebellion referred to must have taken place after July 1645, for Winninx mentions the stronghold as having been built a few years previously in order to provide security for travellers, because the area had been infested with bandits. (54)fn. 52 Speelman, pp. 125-6 (Gommesella; Mansada Mahometh Hasi; Gombes = dome); Thevenot, vol. II, p. 121 (Chotali-Naar-Schekeni; Gombez Cala); Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, p. 91 (Gumber allalah); Winninx, 31 July (Combazala); via the mountain Naatsikan; Valentijn, vol. V, p. 260 (Combesilala); Tavernier, p. 295 (Kotel innal tekeheni; Gombeslala); Herbert, p. 118 (Gumbazelello) ascribed the best wheaten-bread to this town; Chardin, vol. VIII, p. 220 (Gombes lala).fn. 53 Valentijn, vol. V, p. 260; LeBrun, p. 308 (Gombes-Lala) a very small village.fn. 54 Winninx, 31 July. »
#1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 72

R50-008 Dehighirdu
R50-008 Dehighirdu : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FRMQ UFI: 10342280 coordinate: lat 31.1618 long 52.2472
NIMA/GNS names: Deh Gerdu , ده گردو ,
VARIANT names: Dedergoe , Degardow , Degerdoo , Deguerdou , Degurdu , Deh Gerdu , Dehegerdow , Dehighirdu , Dih Gerdu ,
SOURCE for Dedergoe
« Le trente et unieme de ce mois nous arrivames fur les 10. heures à Dedergoe, village ſitué à 8. lieuës de Jefdegaes, où nous fümes furpris d'une groſſe tempête, et d'une pouffiere fi épaifle que nous avions de la peine à ouvrir les yeux, outre qu'il faifoit froid. [On the thirty-first of this month we arrived at 10 o'clock at Dedergoe, a village located 8 leagues from Jefdegaes, where we were surprised by a great storm, and a dusting so thick that we had difficulty opening our eyes, besides the fact that it was cold.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ pp. 255-6
SOURCE for Degardow
« Next night we lay in Whomgesh; next in Cuzcuzar [Khūshk-i-Zard); next we came to Bazeba-chow, and next to Degardow [Dih-i-girdū]: eight leagues from which place (and near Yezdycawz) we rode over a mountain of black marble (where doubtless are quarries of serpentine and porphyry, if the earth were examined). » #3211 ed Foster, William, Thomas Herbert, Travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ p. 118
SOURCE for Degerdoo
« In four hours more we came to a small station called Degerdoo, containing only a few huts, enclosed by square mud walla with bastions, and a small caravansera without. The distance of these Irtations was said to be eight fursucks, which we had come, for the first time, in an equal number of hours, having ridden a brisk pace in a large company. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 256
SOURCE for Deguerdou
« J'arrivai de nuit à Déguerdou, sans avoir débridé de tout le jour. Mon bagage étoit sur quatre mules vigoureuses , et j'étois bien monté. » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 221
SOURCE for Degurdu
« We kept on to Degurdu (1), signifying the Walnut Town, where grew never an one, and lodged our selves here before Noon, the Sun not in the least annoying us. fn 1 Dehgerdu of Curzon’s map (ii, 60). Pers. dih-girdu, “walnut village.” Herbert (148) writes Degardow : Tavernier (246) “ Dehigherdou, or the village of wall-nuts.” » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 233
SOURCE for Deh Gerdu
SOURCE for Dehegerdow
« The 17th daye we came to Dehegerdow [Dih-i-girdu], a lit! towne in a veri barren place, but good water. Here we picht in the Duckes1 howse, hauing traveled 8 1ges. fayre waye but manye turninges.
fn. 1 i.e., Imam Quli Khan, Duke of Shiraz. »
SOURCE for Dehighirdu
« Al far della notte ripigliammo di nuovo il cammino, e dopo otto leghe di strada, la mattina del giovedi, a buon'ora, arrivammo ad alloggiare nella villa Dehighirdu, che è tanto come a dire in lingua nostra, Villa delle noci, così detta per la molta quantità delle noci che ivi si trovano. Stemmo noi dentro al caravanserai che vi è, in mezzo del quale quattro belli e grandi alberi piantativi fanno ombra deliziosa. [At nightfall we set out again, and after eight leagues of road, early on Thursday morning, we arrived to lodge in the Dehighirdu villa, which is as much as to say in our language, Villa of the walnuts, so called because of the great quantity of walnuts that are found there. We stayed inside the caravanserai that is there, in the middle of which four beautiful and large plant trees give delightful shade.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241-242
SOURCE for Dih Gerdu
« From Yazdikhwäst by the summer road to Shirāz.-From Yazdikhwāst in 8 leagues to Dih Girdū, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176

R50-009 Kusckiker al. Cuscuzar
R50-009 Kusckiker al. Cuscuzar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Kushk Zad , Kushk Zar , Kushk-e Zar , Kushk-e Zard , Kushk-e Zard , Kushk-i-Zard , Qasr-e Zar , کوشک زر , کوشک زرد ,
VARIANT names: caravansera Koosk Zer , Cuscuza Caravan Ser Raw , Cuskezar , Cuzcuzar , Keuch Kezar , Khushk-i-Zard , Kouchkizerd , Kouskiefar , Kusckiker al. Cuscuzar , Kushk-e Zard ,
SOURCE for caravansera Koosk Zer
« At noon we reached a ruined caravansera called Koosk Zer, said to have been built by Shah Abbas, and certainly wrought with more labour and expense than any preceding one that we bad seen. The brick-work was faced with large blocks of stone; the dome at the entrance was tiled; and there was fine sculptured frame-work at the gate, with inner chambers, and other conveniences. It was of an octagonal form within, and was altogetber a fine building, thougb it was now entirely abandoned. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 257
SOURCE for Cuscuza Caravan Ser Raw
« We passed two Pharsangs to Cuscuzar (1), giving both Name to the Valley and Village: Here is a small but delicate Caravan Ser Raw, though something improvidently built, the Upper Part being too heavy for the Foundation, it being paved with large Square Stone over the Cloysters, which already begin to press down the Walls, which are most elegantly adorned with Painted Bricks and Polished Marbles, both too weak for so great a Weight.fn 1 Khushki Zard, some 25 miles by road N. of Asupas. Herbert writes the name in the same way as Fryer (148). "Two days Journey from thence [Mayen] you enter into the Plains of the Province of Cuscuzar, where the King of Persia keeps his race horses" (Tavernier, 66, 246). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 232
SOURCE for Cuskezar
« The 18th daye we came to Cuskezar [Khushk-i-Zard], a poor litle towne lying on a very large playne but very barren. In the on end of this towne vpon a litl hillok ther is a castle, wch maye be seene 5l1ges. off. Here we picht, hauing traveled 7 1ges. of very fayre waye, and lodged in a muskeet [mosque], wch we call a church. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Cuzcuzar
« Next night we lay in Whomgesh; next in Cuzcuzar [Khūshk-i-Zard); next we came to Bazeba-chow, and next to Degardow [Dih-i-girdū]: eight leagues from which place (and near Yezdycawz) we rode over a mountain of black marble (where doubtless are quarries of serpentine and porphyry, if the earth were examined). » #3211 ed Foster, William, Thomas Herbert, Travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ p. 118
SOURCE for Keuch Kezar
« Le 8, je fis sept licues, et comme c'étoit par de belles plaines, où le chemin est fort uni, ma traite fut bien plus courte et moins rude que le jour précédent. Après quatre lieues de marche, je passai sur un petit pont de pierre une rivière étroite, mais profonde en tous temps, nommée Polichiokou (2), et après avoir fait les trois autres lieues, j'arrivai à Keuch Kezar, qui est un village gros de deux cents maisons, environné d'eaux de tous côtés. Keuch Kezar (3) veut dire pavil-fn. 2 Politcheknem; c'est le nom d'un pont de pierre, célébre auprès de Chyraz. (L-s.)fn.3 Lisez kiochh-zer, pavillon d'or. Environ à une lieue de sett Bourgade. P. della Valle (tom. IV, pag. 304) place un beau pont sur une rivière à laquelle il donne le nom de ce même bourg; Thêvenot le place à 7 grands åghåtch du precedent, et s'accorde avec Chardin pour y avoir trouvé des Circassiens transportés de leur pays natal par cihah Abbas Ier, vers 1604, qui vouloit par cette mesure reparer la population de quelques cantons de la Perse, et sur-tout affamer les armées turkes. (L-s.) [On the 8th, I made seven journeys, and as it was across beautiful plains, where the road is very smooth, my trek was much shorter and less arduous than the previous day. After four leagues of walking, I crossed a narrow but always deep river, named Polichiokou (2), on a small stone bridge. After traveling the other three leagues, I arrived at Keuch Kezar, which is a village with two hundred houses, surrounded by water on all sides. Keuch Kezar (3) means pavilion-fn. 2 Policheknem; it is the name of a stone bridge, famous near Chyraz. (L-s.)fn. 3 Read kiochh-zer, golden pavilion. About a league from this village. P. della Valle (volume IV, page 304) places a beautiful bridge over a river to which he gives the name of this same town; Thêvenot places it 7 large åghåtch from the previous one, and agrees with Chardin in having found Circassians transported there from their native country by cihah Abbas I, around 1604, who wanted by this measure to repair the population of some cantons of Persia, and above all to starve the Turkish armies. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 221
SOURCE for Khushk-i-Zard
« Khushk-i-Zard » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No. 17 Shiraz 1936}
« while the (shorter, western, or) sum-mer road is to the right, by Küshk-i-Zard. ... thence 7 to Küshk-i-Zard, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
SOURCE for Kouchkizerd
« Le deuxième, je marchai depuis minuit jusqu'à dix heures du matin parmi les neiges, ayant fait trois heures de chemin dans une plaine assez stérile, pour venir à Kouchkizerd où il y a un carvansera neuf et bien bâti. [The second, I walked from midnight until ten o'clock in the morning among the snows, having made three hours of journey in a rather barren plain, to come to Kouchkizerd where there is a new and well-built caravanserai.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 295
SOURCE for Kouskiefar
« Nous arrivames fur les deux heures au village de Kouskiefar, qui a un bon Caravanserai de pierre, où nous nous arrétámes, [We arrived at the village of Kouskiefar in two hours, which has a good stone caravanserai, where we stopped,] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 256
SOURCE for Kusckiker al. Cuscuzar
« A notte, dopo aver cenato, partimmo di là; e camminate due leghe, il venerdi matina poco innanzi l'alba arrivammo a riposarci nella villa Kusekizer, nella quale, oltre degli abitatori paesani, vi sono anche molte caso di Giorgiani e di Circassi, fattevi da questo re modernamente d'altronde, e di lontano trasmigrare. Circa una lega prima di arrivare alla villa, si passò per ponte di buona fabbrica un piccolo fiume, che io non so che abbia altro nome che il fiume di Kusekizer. [At night, after supper, we left there; and having walked two leagues, on Friday morning shortly before dawn we arrived to rest at the Kusekizer villa, in which, besides the inhabitants of the village, there are also many Georgians and Circassians, brought there by this king in modern times from elsewhere, and from far away. About a league before arriving at the villa, we crossed a small river by a well-made bridge, which I do not know of any other name than the river of Kusekizer.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 242
SOURCE for Kushk-e Zard
« The marshland ends. The hills on the W. recede for a short distance. The road rises slightly to within half a mile of Kushk-i-Zard, which is reached at 21 miles. The ruins of a spacious caravanserai give the place a somewhat imposing appearance. Attached to this is a walled and castellated mud village said to contain about 120 houses, of which only half, according to native report, are now inhabited, recent rains having wrought havoc in the village. The inhabitants are of Iliat origin. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 371