R60path Jan Janszoon Struys.kmz

R60path Jan Janszoon Struys

R60-040 Carawanfera 22apr
R60-040 Carawanfera 22apr : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 27.612583 long 54.754656 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Carawanfera 22 apr ,
SOURCE for Carawanfera 22 apr
[no place name given - description used for Route 60 stage 014. PBR]

R60-042 Carawanfera 24 apr
R60-042 Carawanfera 24 apr : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 27.286764 long 55.283284 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Carawanfera 24 apr ,
SOURCE for Carawanfera 24 apr
[no place name given - description used for Route 60 stage 016. PBR]
R60

R60-043 Carawanfera 25apr
R60-043 Carawanfera 25apr : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 27.220156 long 55.556931 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Carawanfera 25 apr ,
SOURCE for Carawanfera 25 apr
[no place name given - description used for Route 60 stage 017. PBR]
R60

R60-044 Carawanfera 26apr
R60-044 Carawanfera 26apr : place IRN
VARIANT names: Birkeh Mirza , Birkeh Mirzai ,
SOURCE for Birkeh Mirza
« Birkeh Mirza (Good Water) » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Fin G-40B 1941}
« This continues to 8 miles, when the cistern of Birkeh Mirza is passed (containing good water in March 1907), distant 200 yards from the steep hills to the south (300 feet high), those to the north being higher. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 28
SOURCE for Birkeh Mirzai
« At 10 miles the ground becomes very broken, and the road mounts, for the next 170 yards, by a short, but steep and rugged pass, to a small, open, stony space, in which, at 10 miles 1 furlong, we find a cistern called "Birkeh Mirzai, " full of good water. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 35

R60-004 Caswin
R60-004 Caswin : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3080050 coordinate: lat 36.2797 long 50.0049
NIMA/GNS names: Kazvin , Qazvin , قزوين ,
VARIANT names: Casbin , Casbine , Casbyn , Casbyne , Cashan , Casuin , Casvin , Caswin , Kasveen , Kazvin , Qazvin , Qazwyn ,
SOURCE for Casbin
« The most part of our European Chorographers who have dis|cours'd of the Cities of Persia, affirm Casbin to be the ancient Ar|sacia, and that before it was call'd Europa till the Parthians gave it that name from Arsaces, the first of their Emperors; that is it the same with that City, which the Greeks call'd Ragea, and the ho|ly Scripture Rages of Media. » #236 Chardin, J., The travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia and the East Indies : the first volume, containing the author's voyage from Paris to Ispahan : to which is added, the coronation of this present king of Persia, Solyman the Third, Printed for Moses Pitt in Duke-Street Westminster, London, 1686 ~ p. 380
« June 2. On the morning of the 2d, we came to Casbin, the seat of a Prince Governor . » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 144
« enbiando el rey orden para que á las siete ó las ocho de la ma-ñana el Enbaxador entrase en Casbin. [The king sent orders for the Ambassador to enter Casbin at seven or eight in the morning.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 5 p. 79
SOURCE for Casbine
« The 10th of August in the yeare of our Lord 1628. This night about 11 acloke att night we sett forward to come homwardes bound, leauing the King in this citie of Casbine in the cuntrey of Arach, otherwise called Media. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 64
SOURCE for Casbyn
« rom that hatefull Towne we hasted, and next night got into Casbyn. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 196
SOURCE for Casbyne
« This daye being Saturdaye we came to Casbyne [Qasvin], wher the Kyng is, a very large cytie, hauing traveled 6 leauges. This citye lieth in the cuntrey of Arach ['Iraq]. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 56
SOURCE for Cashan
« The 27. we departed at mid-night, and, having travell'd five Leagues, we were got, by Sun|rising,
description
PAGE 188
near the City of Casuin, or Cashan; » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 188
SOURCE for Casuin
SOURCE for Casvin
« nous arriuafmes deux heures auant Soleil couchant du lendemain premier iour de Decembre à CASVIN, OU KASBIN, et eſt pour le preſent la ville capitale des terres du Sophi. El-le eſt dans l'ancienne Medie, à dix iournées ou enuiron de TAVRIS, dans vne grande plaine, entre collines toutesfois ou montaignes. [We arrived two hours before sunset the next day, the first day of December, at Casvin, or Kasbin, and is at present the capital city of the lands of Sophi. It is in ancient Media, ten days or so from Tavrís, in a large plain, between hills or mountains.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 126
SOURCE for Caswin
« The 11. we came to the Citie of Caswin, where we were forc'd to continue nine dayes, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 287
« EIght days long stayd we in Caswin » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 307
SOURCE for Kasveen
« Kasveen » in {map#1387 in #3566 J. D. Rees, Notes of a journey from Kasreen to Hamadan across the Karaghan country, ~ fig. Map of a journey from Kasveen to Hamadan}
SOURCE for Kazvin
« Next day we reached Kazvín after a short stage, during which we descended into the plain of which I have already spoken. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 78
« Kazvin is a large and flourishing town of 40,000 inhabitants. Its bazārs are good and it has a post and telegraph office » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 166
SOURCE for Qazvin
during the time (1548–97) that the Safavid capital was Qazvin. #EB2002
« thence-with the city of Qazvin lying 4 leagues distant on the left hand » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 168
SOURCE for Qazwyn
« Qazwyn » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }

R60-005 Membere
R60-005 Membere : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FRM UFI: 10041538 coordinate: lat 36.07307264 long 50.05987764
NIMA/GNS names: Mambareh , Manbareh , ممبره , منبره ,
VARIANT names: Manbareh , Membere , Membre , Monbara ,
SOURCE for Manbareh
SOURCE for Membere
« on the 17 of December coming at night to the Village Membere,* 1.1 where all the Houses are built round, so that at a distance they appeared like so many Pigeon-Cotes. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 307
SOURCE for Membre
« The next day, the 14. having travell'd through a Plain of three Leagues, we came to the Village of Membre, whereof all the Houses were co|ver'd like Vaults, so that looking on it at a distance, the whole Village seem'd to consist of so many Ovens. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 192
« We lodg'd that night at the Village of Membre. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 287
SOURCE for Monbara
« A 12, por ser la jornada de ocho leguas se salio de este lugar á la ora que el dia de antes, y quando salia el sol llegó el Enbaxador á Monbara, otra aldea, adonde tanbien tuuo rrazonable posada, [At 12 o'clock, since the journey was eight leagues long, they left this place at the same time as the day before, and when the sun rose the Ambassador arrived at Monbara, another village, where he also had a reasonable lodging,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 5 p. 78

R60-006 Areseng
R60-006 Areseng : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3053537 coordinate: lat 35.6965 long 50.0899
NIMA/GNS names: Arasan , Arasanj , Arasanj-e `Olya , Arasanj-e Bala , Arasanj-e Qadim , Aresanij , آراسنج , آراسنج بالا , آراسنج قديم ,
VARIANT names: Arasangh , Arasanj , Araseng , Arazangue , Areseng , Asaph ,
SOURCE for Arasangh
« Nous trouvames beaucoup de gre-nades au village d'Arafangh, fruit très-rafraichiflant et à très-bon marché. [We found many pomegranates in the village of Arafangh, a very refreshing and very cheap fruit.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 178
SOURCE for Arasanj
SOURCE for Araseng
« We travell'd that night seven Leagues, and were got the next day, being the 15. very betimes in the morning, to a fair Village, named Araseng. We found there, in a Garden which was seated on the right side of a Torrent, good store of Pomegranates and Almonds, which were a great refreshment to us. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 192
SOURCE for Arazangue
« A 11, con más de una ora de sol, se salió de este carauasar, y aunque se caminó toda la noche á buen paso y hasta una ora despues de auer salido, no se pudo llegar antes á un aldea adonde se auia de parar, que se llamaua Arazangue, siendo nueue leguas de jornada. [At 11, with more than an hour of sunlight, we left this caravan, and although we walked all night at a good pace and until an hour after leaving, we could not reach a village where we had to stop, which was called Arazangue, being nine leagues of journey.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 5 p. 78
« [margin: 11] On the 16th 11th, he departed from the caravanserai with over an hour of sunlight remaining, and though the caravan traveled at a quick pace the night through, it only managed to reach the village where we were to rest from our travels an hour after sun-up. The village, which was nine leagues away, was called Arāsanj.303 Here the Ambassador took suitable lodging with a [fol. 294v-b] large family consisting of a poor man and his three married sons. They fully extended to him the same generosity he received elsewhere. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 450
SOURCE for Areseng
« On the 18 we came to the Village Areseng, which is situated in a very pleasant Countrey and withall fertile, affoarding good store of Fruit, as Pomegranats, Oranges, Lemmons and other Summer Fruits then out of season. Here we thought good to take up our Nights Lodging. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 307
SOURCE for Asaph
« Our next Manzeil was at Asaph, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 210

R60-007 Choskeru Carawansera
R60-007 Choskeru Carawansera : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: RHSE UFI: -3765766 coordinate: lat 35.412 long 50.2065
NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , كاروانسرای شاه عباسی ,
VARIANT names: Begum , Begun , Choskera Caravansera , Choskeru , Choskeru Caravansera , Goschärri-Karwanserei , Karavanserail Khoshkak , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Khoshkrud) , Khoshkrud Caravanserai , Khoskeru , Kochkeria caravanserai , Kockera ,
SOURCE for Begum
« The 12th daye at night we ca(me to) Begum (1), a fayer caravansero; (the) water here is brackish. This ca(ravansero) was built by the Shaw [Shah] or King then, weh was, as I vnderstood, this Shaw A(bbases) father. Here we rested in the heat of the daye, haueing traveled 10 lges,
fn. 1 See Herbert's Travels, p. 214, note. Apparently this was known as the Begum's Caravanserai, having been built by Zaynab Begum, daughter of Shah Tahmäsp and chief wife of Shah Abbas. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 64
« PAGE 2141 ‘Begum’ in the first edition. It is evidently the caravanserai described by Della Valle (vol. ii, p. 579), who says that it was known as the Begum's caravanserai, because it was built by Zainab Begum (a name which Chardin, vol. ii, p. 406, turns into 'Heinab Begum '), daughter of Shah Tahmäsp and chief wife of Shah 'Abbas. » #3211 ed Foster, William, Thomas Herbert, Travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ p. 326 notes
SOURCE for Begun
« at Begun our next, observable in a royall Carvans-raw or Hospitall of charity, erected at the cost and care of Tahamas late King of Persia: and did the water (too brackish and unhealthy there) but correspond with other delights, it might better merit commendation. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 210
SOURCE for Choskera Caravansera
« The 8. we left Saba betimes in the morning, and travell'd that day nine leagues, to a Caravansera named Choskera. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Choskeru
« ‘Choskeru,’ 1618 According to Laurelius, Oxenstierna travelled from Isfahan to Hormuz and back again, following the same route ... located exactly where the early travellers placed it, between Qazvin and Saveh, c. 125 kms. from the former and 54 kms. from the latter. » #3672 D.T. Potts, Bengt Bengtsson Oxenstierna (1591–1643): A critical reassessment of his two journeys to the Near East, Fornvännen, Stockholm, 2021 116: ~ p. 121-2
« Härmed bortfaller varje skymt av tvivel på att herr Bengt verkligen tagit vägen över Saba på sin resa till Kasvin. (1) Ty från Choskeru begav sig den holsteinska ambassadören följande dag till denna stad, som befanns vara omgiven med en ringmur och består av mycket förfallna hus. fn 1 Det finns också ett belägg på att Olcarius själv varit i Khoskeru. Engelsmannen John Bell, som, deltog i den ambassad tsar Peter I år 1715 skickade till schahen av Persien, säger:fn 1 Det finns också ett belägg på att Olcarius själv varit i Khoskeru. Engelsmannen John Bell, som, deltog i den ambassad tsar Peter I år 1715 skickade till schahen av Persien, säger:The 21st (Febr. 1717), after a journey of three hours, we came to an old caravansery, called Idioop, where we rested; then advanced four agatz to another, called Kockera, situated in an extensive plain. The snow was now altogether gone, and the water at this place very bad. In an upper room of this caravansery, I saw the names of many Furopeans cut on the wall, in different languages: among which was that of Olearius, secretary to the Holstein ambassadors, who published a very exact account of that fruitless embassy. [This removes any shadow of doubt that Mr. Bengt really crossed Saba on his journey to Kasvin. (1) For from Choskeru the Holstein ambassador set out the following day for this city, which was found to be surrounded by a ring wall and consists of very dilapidated houses. fn 1 There is also evidence that Olcarius himself had been in Khoskeru. The Englishman John Bell, who participated in the embassy sent by Tsar Peter I in 1715 to the Shah of Persia, says:fn 1 There is also evidence that Olcarius himself had been in Khoskeru. The Englishman John Bell, who participated in the embassy sent by Tsar Peter I in 1715 to the Shah of Persia, says:The 21st (February 1717), after a journey of three hours, we came to an old caravansery, called Idioop, where we rested; then advanced four agatz to another, called Kockera, situated in an extensive plain. The snow was now altogether gone, and the water at this place very bad. In an upper room of this caravansery, I saw the names of many Furopeans cut on the wall, in different languages: among which was that of Olearius, secretary to the Holstein ambassadors, who published a very exact account of that fruitless embassy.] » #3673 Hedin, Sven, Resare-bengt: En Levnadsteckning, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 1921 ~ p. 452
SOURCE for Choskeru Caravansera
« and Lodg'd the 16. in the morning, at a Caravanscra, named Choskeru. It was all built of Free-stone, and had several Vaults and Chambers, dispos'd all about a spacious Court, in the midst whereof there was a Well, compass'd by an Iron-rail. Upon the Walls of several Rooms, were to be seen the names and devises of several persons of most Nations, who, it seems, had been desirous to leave there behind them some marks of their passage that way. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 192
« Zu Abend machten wir vno wieder auff/giengen über flach Gebirge 6. Meilen/vnd kerten den 16. dieses gegen Morgenin eine Carwanfera, Choskeru genant/ein. Diese Carwanfera ist groß vnd von Quadersteinen sehr wol vnd or-dentlich gebawet/hat viel gewdlbete Gemacher und Ställe; In der mitten einen groffen Hoff ond beschlagenen Brunnen. Man sahe in den Gemachern, an den Wanden hin und wieder vielerley Schrifften/von mancherley durchgereiseten Nationen in den Kalck geschnitten/vinter andern waren auff dem forder Gebawde folgende Namen ond Schrifften zulesen: Benedictus Oxenstirn. Item Johan Warder 1600. apr. 10. Worbey: Olim meminifle juvabit. Item: fi nihil abftuleris, ibis honore foras. Hinten an einer andern Wand: Janus Docofius 1602. Aug. 12. Darbey dieser Vers:Noli homines blandos nimium fermone probare, Fistula dulce canit volucrem,dum decipit auceps.Item A.D.1602.19. Aug: Worbey:Fata fi miferosjuvant, habes falutem, Fata fi vitam negant, habes ſepulcrum..Item Fæmina dum plorat, Ruſticus ebrius orat, Mercator jurat, nemo credere curat. [In the evening we set off again and walked six miles over low mountains, and on the 16th of this month, towards morning, we entered a caravanserai called Choskeru. This caravanserai is large and very well and neatly built of ashlar stone; it has many vaulted rooms and stables; in the middle a large courtyard and a covered well. In the rooms, on the walls here and there, one saw various inscriptions carved in lime by various nations that had passed through; among others, on the front building, the following names and inscriptions could be read: Benedictus Oxenstirn. Item Johan Warder 1600. apr. 10. Worbey: It will help to remember the past.Item: if nothing is taken away, you will go out with honor.At the back on another wall: Janus Docofius 1602. Aug. 12. Darbey this verse:Do not try too many bland men. The sweet flute sings the bird, while it deceives the bird.Item A.D.1602.19. Aug: Worbey:If the fairies are happy, you have a fortune. If the fairies deny you life, you have a grave. itemWhile a woman cries, a drunken rustic prays, a merchant swears, no one cares to believe.] » #3674 Olearius, Adam, Offt begehrte Beschreibung der newen orientalischen Reise.., Schleswig/ Ben Jacob zur Glocken, 1647 ~ p. 366
« On the 19 we betook our selvs to our Journey, and that day tra|vailed about 24 [English] Miles, over a high, but level way, coming towards night to the great Carawansera called Choskeru. This is a very commodious and large Inn, built altogether of square stones, within is a spacious Court where was a Fountain of very good Water: the Rooms and Appartments were no less commodious. On the Walls I found several Dutch, Polish and Russian Names, and also wrote my own. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 407
SOURCE for Goschärri-Karwanserei
« Durchreisende hinterließen gern ihre Namen an den Wänden. So fand Kaemp-fer in der großen, zwischen Kaswin und Sahweh gelegenen Goschärri-Kara-wanserei die Namen: »1669 Adam Frantzen Chirurgus«, also ein Kollege, und dann las er gewiß mit starker Bewegung » Adam Olearius Saxo 1638, 3. Jan. "und dahinter die trübseligen Verse >>Persia mentitur fortunam fraude referta Interea si respicis nihil nisi pestis erit (Persien gaukelt mit Lug und Trug dir dein Glück vor. Schaust du indessen zurück, wird nichts als Unheil dir bleiben). [ 2,383 Travelers often left their names on the walls. Thus, Kaempfer found the names "1669 Adam Frantzen Chirurgus," a colleague, in the large Gosherri caravanserai located between Kasvin and Sahveh. He then surely read with great emotion, "Adam Olearius Saxo 1638, January 3," followed by the gloomy verses: "Persia menitur fortunam fraude referta Interea si respicis nihil nisi pestis erit" (Persia deceives you with false hope; if you look back, however, nothing but misfortune will remain).] » #3677 Meier-Lemgo, Karl, Engelbert Kaempfer (1651 - 1716) erforscht das seltsame Asien., Cram, de Gruyter and Co., Hamburg, 1960 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Karavanserail Khoshkak
« Karavanserail Khoshkak (Taf. 1,4-2,2) am Weg von Qazvin nach Saveh (Abb.3 und 15)Lage: Das Karavanserail steht in + 1540 m ü. N.N., etwa 20 km südlich von Hedjib, an der Karawanenroute von Qazvin nach Esfahan auf einer Hochebene.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, nicht vor die Fassade vorgezogenem Portalbau und acht Stall-Abschnit-ten.Abmessungen: 95 x 88 m Außenmaße, 62,50×56m Hof-abmessungen. Der Portalbau ist zweigeschossig (Abb. 15) und zur Mittelachse hin abgestuft (Abb. 16). [Khoshkak Caravanserail (Plates 1.4–2.2) on the road from Qazvin to Saveh (Figs. 3 and 15)
Location: The caravanserail is situated at an elevation of 1,540 m above sea level, approximately 20 km south of Hejib, on the caravan route from Qazvin to Isfahan, on a plateau.
Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, a gatehouse not projecting from the facade, and eight stable sections.
Dimensions: 95 x 88 m external dimensions, 62.50 x 56 m courtyard dimensions. The gatehouse has two stories (Fig. 15) and is stepped towards the central axis (Fig. 16).] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 20
SOURCE for Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Khoshkrud)
SOURCE for Khoshkrud Caravanserai
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SOURCE for Khoskeru
SOURCE for Kochkeria caravanserai
« A trois heures de là on en trouve un autre fort ſpacieux appellé Kochkeria, [Three hours away there is another large, spacious fort called Kochkeria,] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Kockera

R60-008 Carawansera
R60-008 Carawansera : place IRN (caravanserai)
Supplement: karvansaraye vardeh کاروانسرای ورده
VARIANT names: caravasar , Carawansera , Dangue caravanserai , Denghe caravanserai , Karavanserail Donk , Vardeh Caravanserai ,
SOURCE for caravasar
« A 10, quando queria anocheçer salio el Enbaxador de Saba, y por no ser buen camino gastó toda la noche hasta que fue de dia en caminar çinco grandes leguas, y en llegar á Dung, que no es más de un caravasar, aunque grande, muy viejo y en partes arruinado, [At 10 o'clock, when night was falling, the Ambassador of Saba set out, and because the road was not good, he spent the whole night until daybreak walking five great leagues, and arrived at Dung, which is nothing more than a caravanserai, although large, very old and in parts ruined,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 5 p. 78
SOURCE for Carawansera
« On the 20 we had a very pleasant days Journey through a delightfull Landship; very close inhabited and full of Villages and Hamlets coming at night to a Carawansera, where we took up our Lodging for that night, » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 307
SOURCE for Dangue caravanserai
La plaine où nous paſſâmes le cinquiéme aprés minuit paroif-foit affez fertile, et le chemin auroit été affez beau s'il n'avoit pas été couvert de neiges. Un Caravanſerail affez beau tient au Village nommé Dangue; dans ce Village et dans deux ou trois qui font proches de là, nous eûmes d'aſſez bon vin à bon marché. [The plain where we passed on the fifth day after midnight seemed quite fertile, and the road would have been quite good if it hadn't been covered with snow. A rather fine caravanserai is attached to the village called Dangue; in this village and in two or three others nearby, we had some fairly good wine at a good price.]
SOURCE for Denghe caravanserai
« et quatre heures plus loin onar-rive au Carvanſera de Denghe où ſe joignent les deux rou-ces, et dont j'ay parlé au chapitre precedent. [and four hours further on we arrive at the Carvanſera of Denghe where the two roads join, and which I spoke of in the previous chapter.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Karavanserail Donk
« Abmessungen: 55 × 50,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Turm-vorsprünge), 33,50 × 31m Hofabmessungen, Kuppelspann-weite 5,50 m und Höhe der Eingangsfront 7,50 m (Abb. 20). [Dimensions: 55 × 50.50 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 33.50 × 31 m courtyard dimensions, dome span 5.50 m, and entrance facade height 7.50 m (Fig. 20).] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 20
SOURCE for Vardeh Caravanserai

R60-009 Saba : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3083174 coordinate: lat 35.0213 long 50.3566
NIMA/GNS names: Saveh , ساوه ,
VARIANT names: Saba , Savah , Saveh , Sawa , Saway ,
SOURCE for Saba
« The 17, we came betimes in the morning, in sight of Saba, but in regard the Sun was not yet up, we made a halt at some distance from the City, to give them time to come out and receive us. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 193
« We lodg'd that night, at Saba, where we stay'd all the next day, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 286
« Saba, which is a City lying in 34 degr. and 56 min. in a plain Field having on the West the Mountains of Elivend, which for their exceeding heighth may be seen many Miles distant. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 307
SOURCE for Savah
« Desde Salmunabad á Savah recorrí cuarenta y cinco quilómetros á través de la comarca llamada Savend, uno de tantos nombres locales que no figu-ran en los mapas. [From Salmunabad to Savah I traveled forty-five kilometers through the region called Savend, one of many local names that don't appear on maps.] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 35
SOURCE for Saveh
« thence 5 to the city of Savah. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« A 9 salio el Enbaxador del carauasar de Giafarabat, aconpañandole el persiano de Saba, y no siendo grandes aquellas çinco leguas llegaron una legua de la çiudad, dos oras antes que amaneçiese, á una mezquita medio caida, [At 9 o'clock the Ambassador left the caravan of Giafarabat, accompanied by the Persian of Saba, and those five leagues not being great, they arrived one league from the city, two hours before dawn, at a half-fallen mosque,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 5 p. 76
SOURCE for Sawa
« The 13th daye att night we came to Sawa [Sava], a pretie fine towne on a playne somthing nere the side of a hill. Here is good water. This place aboundes in grapes, pomgranetes. Here we picht in a pomgranet garden, and here we stayde the 14th daye, haueing traveled 9 lges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 65
SOURCE for Saway
« To Saway we got next night, a Towne both great and fruitfull; but that it is the ruine of old Tygranocerta (as Bonacciolus guesses at) I shall never cre|dit: that it was Messabatha, or Artacana I more easily beleeve it. The Pole is here raised 35 degrees, 7 minutes; a City I may call it: It pleasantly upon a rising hill gives ground to twelve hundred houses, a sweet rivolet from Baronta refreshing it; » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 210

R60-010 Schach Ferabath Carawansera
R60-010 Schach Ferabath Carawansera : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: RHSE UFI: -3082302 coordinate: lat 34.722568 long 50.68417 Supplement: 34.7216, 50.6853,Karavansara Sangi,RHSE coordinates corrected VARIANT names: Gia farabat , Giafarabat carauasar , Karavansara Sangi , karavanserajet Schah Ferabath , Qom, Robat Qal'eh Sangi bei Qom , Salt Mountain Caravanserai , Schach Ferabath Caravansera , Schach Ferabath Carawansera , Schaferabath Caravansera , SOURCE for Gia farabat « Den 18 nådde man i tillintetgörande hetta karavanserajet Schah Ferabath, Figueroas Gia farabat, tydligen Djaferabad. [On the 18th, in scorching heat, they reached the caravanserai of Shah Ferabath, Figueroa's Gia farabat, apparently Djaferabad.] » #3673 Hedin, Sven, Resare-bengt: En Levnadsteckning, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 1921 ~ p. 452 SOURCE for Giafarabat carauasar « Con la conversaçion referida y diziendose muchos cuentos á este proposito, de aparençias y visiones noturnas, se llegó á un caravasar que tiene el nonbre del monte ya dicho, poco antes de amaneçer, adonde todo el dia siguiente se pasó con terrible calor y poca comodidad de todos. ... A 9 salio el Enbaxador del carauasar de Giafarabat, aconpañandole el persiano de Saba, [With the aforementioned conversation and many tales being told on this subject, of apparitions and nocturnal visions, they arrived at a caravanserai that bears the name of the aforementioned mountain, shortly before dawn, where they spent the entire following day in terrible heat and with little comfort for all. ... At 9 o'clock the Ambassador left the caravanserai of Giafarabat, accompanied by the Persian of Saba,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 5 pp. 75-6 SOURCE for Karavansara Sangi SOURCE for karavanserajet Schah Ferabath « Den 18 nådde man i tillintetgörande hetta karavanserajet Schah Ferabath, Figueroas Gia farabat, tydligen Djaferabad. [On the 18th, in scorching heat, they reached the caravanserai of Shah Ferabath, Figueroa's Gia farabat, apparently Djaferabad.] » #3673 Hedin, Sven, Resare-bengt: En Levnadsteckning, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 1921 ~ p. 452 SOURCE for Qom, Robat Qal'eh Sangi bei Qom « Robat Qal'eh Sangi bei Qom (Taf. 17,3 und 17,4 und 18,1) (Abb. 3 und 93), auch Robat Djamshid-e Djam genannt, nordwestlich von Qom48Lage: Die Ruine steht 22 km nordwestlich von Qom, am alten Weg von Saveh nach Qom über Madjidabad und am neuzeitlichen Weg von Saveh nach Qom über Aveh (Abb.3 in + 1000 m ü. N.N.Typ: Frühislamisches Robat mit Umgängen um den Hof, keine ausgeprägten Stallungen, einfache, tonnenge wölbte Kammern, große Ecktürme, kleine, massive Zwi schentürme. Der Torbau ist architektonisch nicht betont.48 Robat Qal'eh Sangi bei Qom wurde am 23. 4. 1978 vermessen und 30. 1. 1980 sowie am 9. 5. 1983 besucht. [Robat Qal'eh Sangi near Qom (Plates 17.3, 17.4, and 18.1) (Figs. 3 and 93), also called Robat Djamshid-e Djam, northwest of Qom.48Location: The ruins are located 22 km northwest of Qom, on the old road from Saveh to Qom via Majidabad and on the modern road from Saveh to Qom via Aveh (Fig. 3, at an elevation of 1000 m above sea level).Type: Early Islamic robat with ambulatory surrounding the courtyard, no distinct stables, simple, barrel-vaulted chambers, large corner towers, and small, solid intermediate towers. The gate structure is not architecturally emphasized.48 Robat Qal'eh Sangi near Qom was surveyed on April 23, 1978, and again on January 30, 1980, and May 9, 1983. visited.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 60 SOURCE for Salt Mountain Caravanserai « karvansaraye kuh namak کاروانسرای کوه نمک » «Salt Mountain Caravanserai» [accessed 01 Feb 2026] SOURCE for Schach Ferabath Caravansera « We stay'd there only that one day, and depar|ted thence in the evening, travelling the night following six Leagues or better, so that, the 18. by Sun-rising, we were got to a Caravansera, called Schach Ferabath. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 193 SOURCE for Schach Ferabath Carawansera « On the 24 we departed from Saba, and at night set down at the Carawansera Schach Ferabath. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 308 SOURCE for Schaferabath Caravansera « an. 5. we travell'd five leagues, to a Caravansera, named Schaferabath. But ere we were all got out of the Citie of Kom, we found the Sun eclips'd soon after his rising. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285

R60-011 Khom : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Ghom , Qom , Qum , قم ,
VARIANT names: Com , Comes , Coom , Cum , Khom , Kom , Koum , Kum , Qom , Qum , Qumm ,
SOURCE for Com
« Ce fait le Roy voulut aller à SPAHAN ville capitale de Par-thie, elloignée de CASBIN douze iournées les comptant à pas de Carauane, où nous le fuiuifmes. L'on trouue par le chemin beau-coup de bonnes places, comme entr'autres vne, qui eft appellée Com, vne autre dite CASSAN, qui eft plus grande, et plus riche que Com, comme aufli beaucoup de bourgs et villages. Tout cechemin eſt plain et vny, toutesfois d'vn coſté et d'autre on voittou-fiours des montagnes, [This done, the King wished to go to Spahan, the capital city of Parthia, twelve days distant from Casbin, counting them at the pace of Carauane, where we fled. One finds many good places along the way, such as one called Com, another called Cassan, which is larger and richer than Com, as well as many towns and villages. The whole road is flat and winding, however, on one side and the other one always sees mountains.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 133
« Cette ville a 14. quartiers, et 2100. maifons, dans chacune defquelles il y a un puits, fans compter 300. abenbaars ou citernes. Elle a quatre portes, quatre Bazars, et un Meydeen, plufieurs bains, et un grand nombre de moſquées et del chapelles. [This city has 14 districts and 2100 houses, each with a well, not counting 300 cisterns or granaries. It has four gates, four bazaars, a mosque, several baths, and a large number of mosques and chapels.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 180
« D Es environs de la mon-cagne dont on fait tant de contes, on commença à voir la Ville de Com. Ayant que d'y ar-river, il faut paffer devant cinq endroits de beaucoup d'étenduë, pleins de ruines, dont les débris font encore fort elevez. [From the surroundings of the mountain about which so many tales are told, one began to see the City of Com. Having to arrive there, one must pass in front of five places of great extent, full of ruins, whose debris still stands very high.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 67
SOURCE for Comes
« The 16th daye at night we came to the fayre citie Comes [Qum], weh lieth on a plaine. ... Here we picht in a pomgranet garden, haueing traveled 6 lges, In this towne ther is a fine marked [market] place. Here we stayed the 17th daye. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 65
SOURCE for Coom
« by this wee are entred Coom? where we refresht our
description
PAGE 212
scorched and wearied bodies three dayes: In which time wee could not chuse but gather something.
COOM, (in the latitude of 34 degrees 40 minutes) is a City of good note, in Parthia; placed in the mid-way 'twixt those two royall Cities, Cazbyn and Spawhawn. It is scituate in an ample and faire sandy plain, and yeelds every way an exact horizon. Coom, gives place to no other Towne in Persia for antiquity; the ruines appearing at this day, gaine some be|leife in the inhabitants, whose common saying is, it was once compara|ble to Babylon. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 212
SOURCE for Cum
A 8, á la ora ordinaria, se començó á caminar de es-paçio por no auer hasta Cum mas de quatro leguas, [At 8 o'clock, at the ordinary time, they began to walk from space to Cum but not more than four leagues,]
SOURCE for Khom
« On the 25 we came to the City Khom, and took up our Lodging in a Carawansera near to the great Maydan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 308
SOURCE for Kom
« De là à Kom il y a encore ſept ou huit heures de marche dans des terres feches et des fables falez: mais à une demi-lieuë de Kom la terre eft bonne et de grand rapport. [From there to Kom there is still seven or eight hours' walk through barren lands and barren fields: but half a league from Kom the land is good and of great yield.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 67
« The 19. we travell'd five Leagues,* 11.193 and got in the morning before the City of Kom. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 193
« The third, we came to the Citie of Kom, where we were assign'd lodgings, in very fair houses neer the Basar, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
SOURCE for Koum
« A Koum, tout nous parut fort bien. Les bazars sont vastes et il y a de belles maisons avec de grands jar-dins. La ville a un certain air provincial qui ne déplaît pas. Koum est une ville sainte. Sa mosquée, fort grande, est ornée d'un dome tout doré et de construction mo-derne très-élégante. [In Koum, everything seemed very good to us. The bazaars are vast, and there are beautiful houses with large gardens. The town has a certain provincial air that is quite appealing. Koum is a holy town. Its very large mosque is adorned with a gilded dome and is of very elegant, modern construction.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 256
SOURCE for Kum
« For the golden dot is the dome of the great and most sacred mosque of Kum. Kum is one of those cities to which, renowned for their sanctity, pilgrims flock on their earthly journey towards Paradise. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 296
« Kum is little less than a city of mosques, minarets, madrasahs, and corpses, for, next to Meshad, it is the most famous burial-place in Persia. Its special sanctity is due to the fact that it is the proud possessor of the shrine of Fatima, sister of Imam Riza, the eighth Imam. She was interred here in A.D. 816, and honors are accorded her that Mohammedanism rarely vouchsafes to a woman. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 414
« Kûm, Ash Wednesday, 1890 » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 160
« Kûm, March 23. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 211
« The first of these telegraph stations is at Kum, and thither I at once made my way through the spice-laden twilight of the bazaars. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 168
« Pool-e-dulak to Kúm, 31 1. R., 14 ?.Cross the Gonsir river by brick bridge, thence some 7 miles across barren desert plain, on which but little vegetation is visible. 7 miles, cultivation on left of road, extending to small village, distant about a mile from road. To the right, also, a small hamlet off the road; enter and pass through low bare hillocks and broken ground, with gradual ascent to left bank of Kúm river. Cultivation extends some distance to the right; post-house and serai on bank of river, opposite a brick bridge. Supplies of corn and provisions here abundant. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Qom
SOURCE for Qum
« thence 6 to Qum, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
SOURCE for Qumm

R60-012 Kosmabath
R60-012 Kosmabath : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: FRM UFI: 10322783 coordinate: lat 34.495619 long 51.115807
NIMA/GNS names: Kusmabad , Qasemabad , قاسم آباد ,
VARIANT names: Kasinabath , Kasmabath , Kosmabath , Kusmabad , Qacemabad ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Caçen Abad FOR Kusmabad [[by distance, 6 then four leagues] PBR],
SOURCE for Kasinabath
« Iuly 21. we left Kom, an hour after Sun-set, and travell'd that night five Leagues. The next, the 22. We stay'd in a great Village, called Kasinabath, where all the Houses of one whole street were built so as that they made altogether but one continued Vaul., or kind of Cloister. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 194
SOURCE for Kasmabath
« he 2. we got five leagues further, and took up our Quarters at night, at Kasmabath. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
SOURCE for Kosmabath
« On the 1 of Ianuary we left Khom, and came that night to Cara|wansera
Kosmabath where we set down. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 309
SOURCE for Kusmabad
SOURCE for Qacemabad
« Qacemabad » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }

R60-013 Sensen
R60-013 Sensen : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sansen , Sen Sen , Sinsin , سن سن ,
VARIANT names: Çençen , Deffinfim , Sen Sen , Sensen , Sinfin , Sinsin , Sin-Sin , Zenzen ,
SOURCE for Çençen
« A la tarde, despues de ponerse el sol salio el Enbaxa-dor de Caxen, y aunque se camino casi toda la noche por tierra llana no se llegó hasta que queria amanecer á una pequeña aldea llamada Çençen, ... Con el calor del sol se encendio el dia de manera que se padeçio gran trabaxo, no auiendo en que se recoger y defender del gran calor sino unas paredes medio arruinadas de vn carauasar viejo, reco-giendose el Enbaxador á la mezquita del aldea, que no era mayor que una estrecha çelda de frayles, con las paredes muy delgadas y grandes ventanas á todas partes. [In the afternoon, after sunset, the Ambassador of Caxen set out, and although he walked almost all night over flat land, he did not arrive until dawn at a small village called Çençen... With the heat of the sun, the day became so intense that great hardship was suffered, there being nowhere to take shelter and defend oneself from the great heat except some half-ruined walls of an old caravanserai, the Ambassador taking refuge in the village mosque, which was no bigger than a narrow friar's cell, with very thin walls and large windows on all sides.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 66
SOURCE for Deffinfim
« Le douzieme nous partimes à une heure aprés minuit.. Nous marchâmes douze heures toû-ours dans la plaine, et nous paſſames devant pluſieurs beaux Jardins enclos de fort hautes murailles qui font des lieux de plai-ſance des Roys de Perſe, où ils viennent quand ils veulent aller à la chaffe. Le Village où nous logeâmes ſe nomme Deffinfim. [On the twelfth, we departed at one o'clock after midnight. We walked for twelve hours, always across the plain, and we passed several beautiful gardens enclosed by very high walls, which are pleasure grounds for the Kings of Persia, where they come when they wish to go to the baths. The village where we stayed is called Deffinfim.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 71
SOURCE for Sen Sen
SOURCE for Sensen
« The 19th daye we came at night to Sensen [Sin-sin), a verie poore towne in a verie barren place nere a hill. Here we piched in a veri poore caravanserow out of the towne about half a mile (here the water is sweet), hauing traveled 6 lges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 65
« The 23. we got seven Leagues, to the Village of Sensen, where we found abundance of Pro|visions and fruits, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 194
« In the after-noon, we got on hors-back, and reach'd that day five leagues, to the Village of Sensen. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
« The next day we got the Village Sensen, lying about 5 Dutch Miles distant from Kaschan where on the 3 day of Ianuary we arrived to|wards the Evening, taking up our Quarters at a very noble and com|modious Carawansera, seeming rather a Palace than an Inn. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 310
SOURCE for Sinfin
« Le neuvième nous nous repofâmes à celui de Sinfin à 7. lieuës de l'en-droit, où nous avions paffé la nuit. Ce village eft affez grand, et on y trouve plufieurs bâtimens et des Caravanserais ruinés. [On the ninth day we rested at Sinfin, 7 leagues from the place where we had camped the night. This village is quite large, and there are several buildings and ruined caravansers.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 181
SOURCE for Sinsin
« At Sinsin the next evening it was gloriously cold. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 225
SOURCE for Sin-Sin
« but, as the sun was sinking, pushed on past Nasrahad, and eventually drove up to our night's rest-house at Sin-Sin through a world bathed in floods of magnificent moonlight. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 296
« Pasengan to Sin-Sin, 51 ?. ?. 21 ? » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55
SOURCE for Zenzen
« From Coom we rode to Zenzen; » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 213

R60-014 Kaschan
R60-014 Kaschan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLA2 UFI: 10325556 coordinate: lat 33.997284 long 51.441575
NIMA/GNS names: Kachan , Kashan , كاشان ,
VARIANT names: Cachan , Caixan , Caixao , Cascian , Cashan , Cassan , Cassian , Caxen , Kachan , Kaschan , Kashan , Katschan , Qasan ,
SOURCE for Cachan
« A la pointe du jour nous apperçumes Cachan, où nous arrivames a 7. heures du matin. Une partie de la caravane alla loger dans la ville, et le refte dans le Caravanferan du fauxbourg. [At daybreak we sighted Cachan, where we arrived at 7 o'clock in the morning. Part of the caravan went to stay in the town, and the rest in the Caravanferan of the suburb.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 182
« Le treiziéme érant partis à deux heures aprés minuit, nôtre courſe fut de neuf heures. Au commencement le chemin fut fort mauvais, et nous trouvámes pluſieurs Villages des habitez, avant que d'arriver à Cachan, dont le Caravanferail eft tres-beau. [The thirteenth departure was at two o'clock after midnight, our journey lasted nine hours. At the beginning the road was very bad, and we encountered several inhabited villages before arriving at Cachan, whose caravanserai is very beautiful.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 71
« Il y a dans Cachan ... les Carvanferas grands et commodes; mais il y en a un entr'autres qui eftoit fort magnifique proche des jardins du Roy à l'entrée de la ville, dans lequel je logeay à mon dernier voyage d'Afie. Tant le Carvanfera que les Jardins font des ouvrages de Chabas I. du nom, et il y fit une fort grande depenfe. Ce Carvanfera à environ 100. pas en quarre, il eſt bati de brique, et à deux étages, et contient prés de fix vingt chambres voutées et d'une raiſonnable grandeur. [In Cachan there are... large and comfortable Carvanferas; but there is one among others that was quite magnificent near the King's Gardens at the entrance to the town, in which I stayed on my last trip to Africa. Both the Carvanfera and the Gardens are the work of Chabas I, and he spent a very large amount on them. This Carvanfera, about 100 paces square, is built of brick, has two stories, and contains nearly twenty vaulted rooms of reasonable size.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 72
SOURCE for Caixan
« in analogous manner, but more evidently, the name of the city of Kashan, rendered once with 'Caixan' and once with 'Caixào', a few lines after (f. 3r). » #3224 Margherita Farina, Giovanni Battista Raimondi's Travel in the Middle East: A Case of Sixteenth-Century Portuguese-Italian Interference, Oriente Moderno, NUOVA SERIE, ~ pp. 55-6
SOURCE for Caixao
« CAIXÃO, cidade de-Kashan, em 33' 59' lat. N. e 51° 30' long. E., capital da província persa do mesmo nome. [Fernão Lopes de Castanheda - História do des- cobrimento e conquista da India pelos Portugueses]. [CAIXÃO, city of Kashan, in 33' 59' N. lat. and 51° 30' E. long., capital of the Persian province of the same name. [Fernão Lopes de Castanheda - History of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portuguese].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. A-C p. 145
« From this city of whatever name, the Portugals, pursuing their course to the Shah of Persia, arrived at the city of Cayxam (Kashan) on the Friday of July 20th 1515 » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970 ~ p. 44
« From here they will depart for Ormuz by another winding road that passes through many towns and places, very useful land with large livestock; they will arrive at the city of Caixão, where they will stay for fifteen days » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p.249
SOURCE for Cascian
« VI. Io dico adunque, che avendo già veduto e osservato in Cascian ciò che di sopra ho scritto, ed essendoci riposati abba-stanza, la domenica a sera del ventotto di gennaio ci partimmo, [VI. I say, then, that having already seen and observed in Cascian what I have written above, and having rested sufficiently, we departed on Sunday evening, the twenty-eighth of January,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 572
SOURCE for Cashan
« and thence to Cashan, a gallant Citie; from Coom six and thirty miles: the way was easie and plaine, but somewhat sandie. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 213
« Cashan is not lesse than York or Norwich, above foure thousand families are accounted in her: the houses are fairely built, the streets be large and comly; the Mosqus and Hummums are curiously painted and ceruleated, with a feigned Turquoise: the Buzzar is spatious and uniforme; furnished with Silks, Damasks, rich Carpets, Sattens, and cloth of gold; no part of the Persian Monarchy shewes better, or more variety, nor a people more exactly industrious. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 214
SOURCE for Cassan
« Odoric expressly says that Kashan, or Cassan,' as he calls it, was 'the city of the Three Kings' and that these worshippers set out from there to Jerusalem, which they reached by divine aid in thirteen days. (4) The passage in the account of Odoric de Por-denone reads as follows: -'DE LA CITÉ DE CASSAN. - De ceste cité m'en alay vers la grant Inde par mer. Si vins par maintes journées a une cité des trois roys qui firent offrande à Jhesu Crist nouvel né. Et appelle on ceste cité de Cassan, cité royal de grant honneur mais Tartre l'ont moult destruite. De cette cité de Cassan jusques en Jherusalem a plus de journées dont on puet clerement appercevoir que ly troy Roy de ceste cité de Cassan furent en XIII journées amené en Jherusa par vertu divine et non humaine. En ceste cité a moult grand hab dance de tous biens, de pain, et de vin et de toutes autres choses.'fn. 4 See Odoric de Pordenone, ed. Cordier, p. 41, Paris, 1891. »
#3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 412
« Ce fait le Roy voulut aller à SPAHAN ville capitale de Par-thie, elloignée de CASBIN douze iournées les comptant à pas de Carauane, où nous le fuiuifmes. L'on trouue par le chemin beau-coup de bonnes places, comme entr'autres vne, qui eft appellée Com, vne autre dite CASSAN, qui eft plus grande, et plus riche que Com, comme aufli beaucoup de bourgs et villages. Tout cechemin eſt plain et vny, toutesfois d'vn coſté et d'autre on voittou-fiours des montagnes, [This done, the King wished to go to Spahan, the capital city of Parthia, twelve days distant from Casbin, counting them at the pace of Carauane, where we fled. One finds many good places along the way, such as one called Com, another called Cassan, which is larger and richer than Com, as well as many towns and villages. The whole road is flat and winding, however, on one side and the other one always sees mountains.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 133
SOURCE for Cassian
« The 20th daye at night we came to the fayre citie of Cassian (Kashan), lying in the cuntrey of Parthia. On the waye between this citie and the foresayde citie of Comes the cuntrey of the Par-thiance and the Medians are parted. Here we piched in a caravansero that Shaw Abbas built, the fayerest that ever I saw it is big innaw to lodge any king of Chrissendom was all his trayne-hauing traveled 7 lges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Caxen
« Llegose á Caxen, adonde auia gran número de otras mugeres cubiertas con sus mantos blancos, sobre las paredes, varandas y otras partes altas, y ansi se en-tro por la çiudad, aunque fuera de lo que della está rrodeado de muralla, que es alta y muy bien labrada, hasta el Maydan, que es una larga calle, aunque no tanto como la de Xiras, pero mas ancha, con muchos arboles por las vandas á raiz de las paredes, adonde ay algunas casas y dentro grande arboleda de huertas. [He arrived at Caxen, where there were a great number of other women covered with their white cloaks, on the walls, balustrades and other high parts, and thus he entered the city, although outside of what is surrounded by a wall, which is high and very well made, up to the Maydan, which is a long street, although not as long as that of Xiras, but wider, with many trees along the sides at the base of the walls, where there are some houses and inside a large grove of orchards.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 57
SOURCE for Kachan
« Kachan » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
SOURCE for Kaschan
« Malgré la vue de tout le peuple de Kaschan, venu au-devant de nous, y compris la communauté juive, l'im-patience nous prenait un peu d'une route aussi longue, quand, à la fin, nous arrivames, et la première vue de notre logis dissipa comme une fumée notre mécontentement. [Despite the sight of all the people of Kashan, who came to meet us, including the Jewish community, we were a little impatient with such a long journey, when, at last, we arrived, and the first sight of our lodging dissipated our discontent like smoke.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 237
« The 27. we came to the Citie of Kaschan, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
« Kaschan where on the 3 day of Ianuary we arrived to|wards the Evening, taking up our Quarters at a very noble and commodious Carawansera, seeming rather a Palace than an Inn. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 310
SOURCE for Kashan
« I journeyed to Kashan (25), where I stayed for a month, fn. 25 Kashan, Nain, Sirjan and Tarum, Iranian towns. » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109
« Passing the post-house of Mohamedye and Gaz, Kashan came in sight over an undulation in the sand, and we were soon threading the narrow lanes of this, one of the largest business places of Persia. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 295
« thence 12 to Kāshān. Total, from Sävah to Kāshān it is 22 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« we caught sight of the blue domes of the mosques at Kashan that rose with a glimpse of color over the brown plain. Kashan, pronounced in Persian as Kashan, is flanked by mountains and hills on the south, west, and northwest, but on the other sides it lies open to the plain. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 410
« Kashan is one of the hottest places on the great Persian plateau, but has the rare luxury of a good water supply brought from a reservoir some distance off in the Kuhrūd mountains. It has a much-diminished population, said now to number 30,000 souls. Much of it is in ruins, and much more is ruinous. It has a thriving colony of Jews. It is noted for its silks and velvets; but the modern productions are regarded by judges as degenerate. It is still famous for its work in copper and for its great copper bazar. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 230
« Next day brought us to another considerable town- Káshán-after an uneventful march of about seven hours, broken by a halt for lunch at a village called Nasrábád, at which I was supplied with one of the excellent melons grown in the neighbourhood. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 173
« and crawling along in true caravan fashion, entered Káshán soon after sunset, and » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 548
« Sin-Sin to Kashan, 4) ?. ?., 20 ?. ... Enter Kashan by road rudely paved with stones; a considerable town, celebrated for its silk manufactures. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 56
SOURCE for Katschan
« The Persians put this City of Katschan at 84 degrees longitude, and at thirty four distant from the Line. After an exact Observation of three days, I found that it is distant from it thirty three degrees and 51 minutes, that is, nine minutes less. The City is of a great length, reaching from East to West, above half a German League. Its Walls and bastions are of a kind of Potters day, and it lies in a great Plain, the ground of which is good enough for Tillage, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 194
SOURCE for Qasan

R60-015 Chotza Cassim Carawansera
R60-015 Chotza Cassim Carawansera : place IRN (caravanserai)
Supplement: The current Robat-i-Sang or Zizeh Caravanserai has been identified by Kleiss as of the Qajar period, well before the Olearius - Mandelslo journet in 1638-9.
VARIANT names: Chotza Cassim Carawansera , Chotza Kassim Caravansera , Chotzakassim Caravansera , Hodia Kasim ,
SOURCE for Chotza Cassim Carawansera
« After we had lay Eight days in Kaschan and bought Wares and Provision, we broke up, and on the 13 at night came to Carawansera Chotza Cassim, which stands in the middle of a Grove of Cypress and other Trees, which Winter and Summer grow always green In the said Carawansera we found very good Accommodation. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 312
SOURCE for Chotza Kassim Caravansera
« 26. of Iuly? as soon as the Moon was up, which was then at the full. That Night we travell'd six Leagues and came the next morning to Caravansera, called Chotza Kassim: but in regard it was very narrow, and withall very nasty, we lodg'd our selves in a Garden not far from it, in the shade of abundance of Cypress Trees and Pomegranate-Trees, upon the side of a pleasant Rivulet, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 196
SOURCE for Chotzakassim Caravansera
« The 26. we travell'd on, and took up our Quarters at night in a Caravansera, named Chotzakassim. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
SOURCE for Hodia Kasim
« I månens sken kom man fram till karavanserajet Chotza Kassim (Hodia Kasim) [In the moonlight they reached the caravanserai Chotza Kassim (Hodia Kasim)] » #3673 Hedin, Sven, Resare-bengt: En Levnadsteckning, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 1921 ~ p. 454

R60-016 Natens Carawansera
R60-016 Natens Carawansera : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 33.517054 long 51.906179 † basis (p) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Natanz , Kohab Caravanserai , Natanz Caravanserai , Natens Caravanserai , Natens Carawansera , SOURCE for Karavanserail Natanz « Karavanserail Na?anz (Taf. 21,3) (Abb. 12; 173) (100)Lage: Am Ortsrand (Zentrum) von Natanz, in +1750 mü.N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, runden, angesetzten Ecktürmen und vorgezogenemPortalbau.Abmessungen: 67,50 x 58,70 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 37 x 28,90 m Hofabmessungen, Portalbauhöhe 10,70 m, Höhe des Aufbaus über dem Eingang 12,10 m (Abb. 174). Im Obergeschoß ist ein langrechteckiger Raum von 7,90 x 2,90 m Größe angeordnet (Abb. 175).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist par-tiell verfallen, wird aber landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften (über dem Eingang): zerstört.Datierung: Safavidisch, Anfang 17. Jahrhundert.fn 100 Siroux, Caravanserails ... 69 ff. - Vermessung der Schnitte, Ansicht der Front und Korrektur der Eckvermessung am 29. 11. 1984. [Na?anz Caravanserai (Plate 21.3) (Figs. 12; 173) (100)Location: On the outskirts (center) of Natanz, at +1750 mabove sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable compartments, round, attached corner towers, and a projectinggateway.Dimensions: 67.50 x 58.70 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 37 x 28.90 m courtyard dimensions, gateway height 10.70 m, height of the structure above the entrance 12.10 m (Fig. 174). The upper floor contains a long rectangular room measuring 7.90 x 2.90 m (Fig. 175).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/4.5 cm).Structural features and condition: The building is partially derelict but is used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions (above the entrance): destroyed.Dating: Safavid, early 17th century.fn 100 Siroux, Caravanserails ... 69 ff. - Survey of the sections, view of the front, and correction of the corner survey on November 29, 1984. ] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 93 SOURCE for Kohab Caravanserai « The Kohab Caravanserai or Kohab Rabat or Natanz Caravanserai or Kohab Castle is a Safavid-era caravanserai located on Shahid Beheshti Boulevard in Natanz, and was registered as a national monument of Iran on 10 January 1355 with registration number 1489. This four-porch caravanserai has a front porch and a porch with a stone inscription in the Thuluth script, part of which has been destroyed. The building is made of brick, rubble stone, and half-pounded plaster mortar. The Kohab Caravanserai was built during the reign of Shah Abbas I by Mirabul-Maali Barzroudi, one of the close emirs and the king's scribe. » «Kohab Caravanserai, Natanz» [accessed 07 Jan 2026] SOURCE for Natanz Caravanserai SOURCE for Natens Caravanserai « In the Evening, we continu'd our Journey, and travell'd that night six Leagues or better, through Deserts and Barren grounds, and came, the 28. about four in the morning, to a little City, called by the Inhabitants of the Country Natens, and by Contarini, in his Travels, Nethas. We took up our lodging in a Caravansera, within the City, which is handsome enough, furnish'd with several Springs of fresh water, and well stor'd with all sorts of Fruits. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 196 SOURCE for Natens Carawansera « On the 14th. we had very bad travailing way thrô dry and sand Ground, and found no Villages nor Towns to refresh our selvs an till we came at Natens which is a very pleasant little City. Here we set down and took up our Carawansera for that night. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 312

R60-017 Dombi Carawansera
R60-017 Dombi Carawansera : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: caravasar , Dombi Caravansera , Dombi Carawansera , Donbi Caravanserai , Karavanserail Dombi ,
SOURCE for caravasar
« A 30, caminando la caravana una ó dos leguas de-lante fue el Enbaxador seis leguas de alli á un caravasar medio desmantelado, [On the 30th, walking the caravan one or two leagues ahead, the Ambassador went six leagues from there to a half-dismantled caravanserai,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 52
SOURCE for Dombi Caravansera
« The 29. we got four Leagues further, passing over a great Mountain, and lodg'd in a Caravansera, called Dombi, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197
« The 23. after we had taken leave of our friends, not without the shedding of some tears, we got on hori-back, and reach'd that day to the Caravansera of Dombi, five leagues from our former lodging. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285
SOURCE for Dombi Carawansera
« On the 17th. we left Natens and that Day had very rocky ground to drive over, and by the way stop'd at a famous Carawansera called Dombi, where we rested and refreshed our selvs » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 312
SOURCE for Donbi Caravanserai
SOURCE for Karavanserail Dombi
« Karavanserail Dombi (Taf. 23,2) (Abb. 12; 197) (109)Lage: 49 km nordöstlich von Esfahan, in +1760 ü.N.N., am Königsweg von Esfahan nach Farahabad am Kas pischen Meer, in Nachbarschaft zum safavidischen Schloß-bau. 22 km südlich vom Karavanserail und Schloß Caharabad (Chaharabad). Hier wird nur das Karavanserail besprochen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, sechs Stall-Ab-teilungen, halbrunden Außenturmvorlagen, vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 57,20 x 55,90 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 28,75 x 27,15 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe (rekon-struiert) des Baukörpers 6 m (Abb. 198).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel auf Bruchsteinsockel.fn 109. Ebenda, 145 ff.; W. Kleiss, AMI 21, 1988, 219ff. - Die Anlage wurde am 9.3.1984 besucht. [Dombi Caravanserai (Plate 23.2) (Figs. 12; 197) (109)Location: 49 km northeast of Isfahan, at an elevation of 1760 m above sea level, on the royal road from Isfahan to Farahabad on the Caspian Sea, adjacent to the Safavid palace. 22 km south of the caravanserai and Chaharabad Palace. Only the caravanserai is discussed here.Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans, six stable compartments, semicircular exterior tower projections, and a projecting entrance.Dimensions: 57.20 x 55.90 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 28.75 x 27.15 m courtyard dimensions, height (reconstructed) of the building 6 m (Fig. 198). Building material: Fired bricks on a rubble stone foundation.fn 109. Ibid., 145 ff.; W. Kleiss, AMI 21, 1988, 219 ff. - The site was visited on March 9, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 100

R60-018 Ruk : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPLQ UFI: 6013537 coordinate: lat 32.9099 long 51.7671
NIMA/GNS names: `Aliabad , `Aliabad-e Rig , `Aliabad-e Rik , Kharabehha-ye `Aliabad , علی آباد ریگ , علی آباد ریک ,
VARIANT names: `Aliabad-e Rig , Reegue , Reig , Ric , Ruk ,
SOURCE for `Aliabad-e Rig
SOURCE for Reegue
« Our first nights journey was to Reegue (or Reig) an houres riding from Spahawne. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 163
SOURCE for Reig
« and next night we got to Reig, more than that it was one and twenty miles from Natan, not worth the memorizing: unlesse you will accept its di|stance from Spahawn, nine English miles or three farsangs. And from Cas|byn 260 or thereupon. And where I will give over a Diary, desiring no longer to defraud thy patience. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 215
SOURCE for Ric
« Notre marche du dix-huitieme, depuis quatre heures da foir jusqu'au Village nommé Ric fut de huit heures. Nous y reſtâmes tout le dix-neuviéme, le vingtiemenous en partimes à-deux heures aprés minuit. La plaine que nous travertimes eſt route ſemée de Villages. On trouve là en chemin faiſant je ne ſcay combien de petits ponts d'eſpace en eſpace ſur des capaux faits exprés pour arroufee-les terres. ... Prés huit heures de courſe nous aurivâmes ſur les dix heu res du matin à Hiſpaham. [Our march on the eighteenth, from four o'clock in the morning to the village called Ric, lasted eight hours. We remained there all of the nineteenth, and on the twentieth we left at two o'clock after midnight. The plain we crossed is dotted with villages. Along the way, one finds I don't know how many small bridges at intervals on caps made expressly to irrigate the land. ... After nearly eight hours of marching, we arrived at Hispaham around ten o'clock in the morning.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 pp. 75 and 77
SOURCE for Ruk
« and at night were fain to set down at Ruk a Village not far from Ispahan, by reason of the snow, remaining there also the most part of the next day. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 312

R60-019 Ispahan
R60-019 Ispahan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013426 coordinate: lat 32.657218 long 51.677608
NIMA/GNS names: Aspadana , Esfahan , Esfehan , Isfahan , اصفهان ,
VARIANT names: al-Yahudiyya , A-su-pau-han , Esfahan , Gabæ , Hispaham , Hispahan , Hispahone , Isbahan , Isfahan , Ispahan , Ispahaun , Ispahawne , I-ssi-fa-hang , Julfa , Sipahan , Spaan , Spahan , Spahaune , Spahawn , Spahone , Ya-ssi-pau-hien ,
SOURCE for al-Yahudiyya
« al-Yahūdiyya V D3 La ville actuelle d'Isfahan. Iran. Ce toponyme désigne en principe la moitié Ouest d'Isbahän, mais il est souvent employé pour dési-gner la capitale (qasaba) tandis qu'Isbahān désigne la circonscription (kūra). I 198, 199; Η 362; Hur 58; Y 274; R 90(g); Muq 7, 23, 26, 51, 388, 389, 397, 398, 399(d), 400, 401, 402, 457-58, 459, 491 ?. Yaq IV, 1045; LS 203-204; Schw. 586 + index. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 45
SOURCE for A-su-pau-han
« same as Ya-ssi-pau-hien in Amoy dialect » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Esfahan
SOURCE for Gabæ
#836 p. 13
SOURCE for Hispaham
« Prés huit heures de courſe nous aurivâmes ſur les dix heu res du matin à Hiſpaham. [After nearly eight hours of racing, we arrived at Hispaham around ten o'clock in the morning.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 77
SOURCE for Hispahan
« And so we arrived at Hispahan. Hispahan is one of the greatest Cities in Persia, where the King sometimes keepeth his residencie. The people are industrious and curious in all Sciences, but especially in weaving Girdles and Shashes, in making of Velvets, Sattens, Dammasks, very good Ormuzines, and Persian Carpets of a wonderfull fine-nesse. Here you may buy all manner of Drugs, and Spices, and Turkeses, with store of Pearles, Diamonds, and Rubies, as also all sorts of Silkes, as well wrought, as raw. » #2540 Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, 1905, ~ vol. 3 pp. 84-5
SOURCE for Hispahone
« This daye we came from Hispahone [Ispahan], being the last of Aprill, to Botoon [?J 1 som two leauges from the citye.
fn. 1 Not traced. Della Valle gives Bertabad in this neighbourhood. »
#3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 45
SOURCE for Isbahan
SOURCE for Isfahan
« Iṣfahān 4. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 2 p. 375
« and from the village of Sin it is 4 leagues to Isfahan city » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
« finally 4 leagues to Isfahan. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 167
« I felt almost inclined to question my eyes when I actually caught sight of the ruined fire-temple. The deserted shrine stands on the top of a hill which rises about seven hundred feet sharply above the plain at a distance of three or four miles from Isfahan. The ascent is by a winding path which starts from the southeastern slope of the elevation and proceeds by a series of natural steps formed by ledges of the unhewn rock. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 253
« Inside the shabby gateway the road to Julfa lies among rows of mean mud houses, heaps of ruins, and shabby provision bazars; and that mile or more of Isfahan was the one disagreeable part of the journey. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 244
« The aggregate distance from Yezd to Isfahan I computed to be a hundred and seventy-seven miles. The course principally west, and the road good. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 423
« je ne parlerai dans cette route que de mon dernier voyage, lorsque je partis d'Ispahan pour les Indes le vingt-quatrième de février 1665. [I will only speak in this passage of my last voyage, when I left Isfahan for India on the twenty-fourth of February 1665.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Ispahan
« avoir fait trois lieuës dans des campagnes graffes et fertiles on arrive à Ifpahan. [Having traveled three leagues through rough and fertile countryside, one arrives at Ifpahan.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73
« Et de la a Ispahan اصفهان sans aucune ville dans l'intervalle, go milles. [And from there to Isfahan (اصفهان), with no town in between, 6 miles.] » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 2 p. 166
« At last we emerged from the bazaars into the fine spacious square called Meydán- i- Shah. On our right hand as we entered it was the 'Alí Kápí (Supreme Gate), which is the palace of the Zillu ' s -Sultán, the Prince Governor of Isfahan, of whom I have already spoken » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 196
« We were conducted through several streets, through the Maidan, and before the Kings Pa|lace, to that part of the Suburbs which is called Tzulifa, where we were lodg'd in the Quar|ter of the chiefest of the Armenian Merchants, who are Christians, and have their habitations there. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197
« the 16. of Ianuary I left Ispa|han, with a retinue of three persons, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
« HAving stay'd the most part of 2 Days at Ruk, we set forward again, and on the 19 we came to the long-wishd-for Ispahan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 313
« Reise von Isfahan nach Persepolis und Schinas anno 1683 in November [Journey from Isfahan to Persepolis and Schinas in November 1683] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 85
« je me résolus de me rendre à Ispahan, le plus tôt que je pourrois, et j'y arrivai le 2 juillet, fatigué et abattu autant qu'on le peut être. [I resolved to go to Isfahan as soon as I could, and I arrived there on July 2nd, as tired and dejected as one can be.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 91
« From Guz to Ispahan through cultivated plains. Road crossed by numerous streams of water » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Ispahaun
« After we had received their Complements, they undertook to be both our Guide and Guard to Ispahaun, Three Miles farther, defending us against the unwary Insults of Thieves, with which this place is infested » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 239
SOURCE for Ispahawne
« The twenty fourth day, we entred into the City where wée staied eleuen or twelue daies.This City of Ispahawne, is a gallant City, and one of the principall Cities of Persia, and aboundeth in traffique of all sorts of Merchandize. There are ma|ny great Surroies, where are houses made of purpose for the laying in and kéeping of Merchants goods, and to harbour and lodge themselues and their Camels Horses or other Cattle, and prouision; the profits of which Surroies redound to the King only. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 53
SOURCE for I-ssi-fa-hang
« name written in the Yaun period » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12
SOURCE for Julfa
« From Daulatabad to Julfa 22¾ miles. » #3529 Henry Blosse Lynch, Across Luristan to Ispahan, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, London, 1890 vol. 12:no. 9:pp. 533-553 ~ p. 551
« #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ » #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ p. 170
SOURCE for Sipahan
« (2) The city of Isfahan (Sipahān) consisted of two parts, Shahristān (also called al-Madina and Djayy, evidently the seat of the governor) and Djahüdhān (Arabicised: al-Yahūdiyya, i.e. the old Jewish quarter). See Hudud al-'alam, 131; al-Istakhri 198-9; Yākūt, 343. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 9 p. 220
SOURCE for Spaan
« 3 The city of Spaan, Spahan, or Ispahan, by the Arabians called Isfahan, situated in the southern part of Persian Irak, is well known as the magnificent capital of the kings of the Sefi family, which, espe- cially during the reign of Shah Abbas II., exceeded in splendour, as well as extent, most Asiatic cities. It fell under the dominion of the Moghuls in 1221, and was taken, plundered, and nearly destroyed by Tamerlane in 1387. » #3318 ed. Thomas Wright trans. Marsden, The Travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian, The Translation of Marsden Revised, with a Selection of his Notes, H.G. Bohn, London, 1854 ~ p. 49 fn. 3
« We remained in this city of Spaan with His Majesty until the 25th of this month, during which time we were invited by His Majesty to frequent banquets. Spaan appears to be a very convenient city. It is situated in a plain abounding with all kinds of provisions. It is said that, as the city refused to surrender, much of it was destroyed after it had been taken. It is surrounded by a wall of earth like the others. From Tauris to Spaan is a twenty-four days' journey, through a country entirely belonging to Persia, consisting of a very arid plain with salt water in many places. » #383 Barbaro, J. and Contarini, A., Travels to Tana and Persia, Hakluyt Society:Burt Franklin, Cambridge:New York, 1873:1963-6, ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Spahan
« December 1.-I hired 125 Camells to carry mine and Mr. Robert Dowglasse's Bales, at Mahmoodies 80 for 100 Maunds Tauris, to Bagdat, and 13 mules to carry our luggage, at Mah-moodies 90 per 100 Maunds Tauris.¹December 13. This day I left Spahan, and began my journey towards Aleppo, by way of Bagdat. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 213
« La ville de SPAHAN autresfois appellée, comme veulent aucuns Hecatompyle, eft fort grande; mais elle n'a point de for-tereffe, ny aucun beau palais, elle n'a pas fi grande difette d'eau comme CASBIN, mais elle a auffi beaucoup plusbeſoin de bois. [The city of Spahan, formerly called, as some would have it, Hecatompyle, is very large; but it has no fortress, nor any beautiful palace, it does not have as large a water supply as Casbin, but it also has much more need of wood.] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 134
« siendo cosa increible el grande numero de estas naciones que en la ciudad de Spahan está rrecogido, no cabiendo en los muchos y grandes carauasares que en la giudad ay, por no tener casas propias en que biuir. [It is incredible how many of these nations are gathered in the city of Spahan, not fitting in the many large caravanserais in the city, because they have no houses of their own to live in.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 pp. 24-5
SOURCE for Spahaune
« 5 February 1707/8. Departed from Spahaune [Isfahan] the 5th February at 3 after-noon. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Spahawn
« One of the oldest and best accounts of Ispahan, soon after the period of Shah Abbas's government, is given by Sir Thomas Herbert, an English traveller, who visited it in 1627, and parts of whose description are so curious as to be worth transcribing, especially as his book is not now so easy of access to the general reader. He says:-'The imperial city of Spahawn is in thirty-two degrees thirty-nine minutes north; is seated in the kingdom of Parthia, in a fair plain and pleasant horizon. It is by some called Spaan, and by others Spahan and Hispahan, as their several dialects concorded. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ note p. 231
« ISFAHAN-Telegraph Station. In the Persian province of Irak-Ajim; pronounced "Spahawn." » #3181 Bradshaw's Through Route Overland Guide to India, and Colonial Handbook, W. J. Adams and sons, 1884 ~ p. 253
« The tenth of Aprill wee fet out from Spahawnet a village fix miles South from Spahawn: when we had gone a farfang (three miles,) we were ſtayed by the way to taſte a banquet in a ſpacious garden of the Kings, whither the Engliſh Agent and ſuch other Chriftian Mechants as were in Spaharon came out to attend our Lord Ambaffador: a mile neerer the Citie, the Vifier, the Sultan of Spahawn, Meloyembeg and Hodge nazar the Armenian Prince with foure thousand horse and innumerable foot, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Spahone
« The 27th daye we came to on of the Kinges garde[n]swch is wthin an English mile of the citie of Spahone [Ispahan], wher we rested this daye and layd in a muskeet [mosque] this night, weh is ouer against the garden gate. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 67
SOURCE for Ya-ssi-pau-hien
#326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 116, 121 note12

R60-000 Senkan
R60-000 Senkan : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Zanjan , Zenjan , زنجان ,
VARIANT names: Samgael , Senjan , Senkan , Zanjan , Zarigan , Zinjaun ,
SOURCE for Samgael
« Le vingt-troisieme nous arrivâmes à la ville de Samgael, au-delà de laquelle nous nous arrêtâmes, [On the twenty-third we arrived at the city of Samgael, beyond which we stopped,] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 175
SOURCE for Senjan
« However, I have more inclination for not too remote realities, and I request to be informed how many inhabitants Senjanhas, and am told 50,000, a considerable exaggeration, as I suspect. How much is the revenue of the town? Eighty-six thousand tuman in maliat, 10,500 charvar of wheat and barley, and 10,000 charvar of straw. And what is the strength of the garrison? Two thousand foot and 1300 cavalry soldiers, but the force can be doubled if necessary. Of the inhabitants of Senjan only 5 per cent are Parsis or Persians. » #3654 Sven Hedin, Overland To India, Macmillan and Co., London, 1910 ~ vol. 1 pp. 147-8
SOURCE for Senkan
« The City of Senkan was heretofore of a considerable bigness, and famous for its Trading, before Tamberlane destroy'd it: but what reduc'd it to the condition it is in now, is the Turk, who hath taken and plunder'd it several times. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 185
« On the first of the next Moneth we came into a litle City called Senkan » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 301
SOURCE for Zanjan
SOURCE for Zarigan
« Nous arrivâmes ſur les fix hen res du matin vingt-cinquième à van village nommé Merbad, où fur les dix heures du ſoir aprés neuf heures de beaux chemins nous allâmes à Zarigan. [We arrived on the twenty-fifth of the morning at the village named Merbad, where at ten o'clock in the evening after nine hours of beautiful roads we went to Zarigan.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 55
SOURCE for Zinjaun
« Zinjaun is the capital of the district of Khumseh, and is governed by Abdoolah Meerza one of the King's sons, who resides here. The town is large and populous ; it is enclosed in a mud wall, in good repair. The bazaar is superior to those at Hamadan and Kermanshah , and almost equal to that at Bagdad. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 150

R60-001 Sultanie
R60-001 Sultanie : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sa`idiyeh , Soltaneyyeh , Soltaniyeh , Sultaniye , Sultaniyeh , سلطانيه ,
VARIANT names: Soltaneyyeh , Sultanie , Sultanieh , Sultaniyye , Sulthanie ,
SOURCE for Soltaneyyeh
« From Sultaniyyah to Ray and Varamin » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 168
SOURCE for Sultanie
« Le Caravanſerail où nous logeâmes le vingt-ſeptiéme s'appelle Queurqueboula et n'eſtqu'à demye lieue de Sultanie. Cette ville paroît fort belle de loing, ce qui me donna envie de l'aller voir. Quand je fus dedans je ne trouvay rien de plus laid. Quelques Moſquées et quelques maifons particulieres en font toute la beauté: le reſte paroît des nits à rats. Les dehors et les jardins ſeulement en font beaux. Par les ruïnes qu'on y voit, il eſt aifé de juger que cette ville étoit autrefois plus grande qu'elle `n'eſt aujourd'huy. [The caravanserai where we stayed on the twenty-seventh is called Queurqueboula and is only half a league from Sultanie. This city appears very beautiful from afar, which made me want to go and see it. When I was inside, I found nothing uglier. A few mosques and some private houses constitute its entire beauty; the rest looks like rat holes. Only the exteriors and gardens make it beautiful. From the ruins one sees there, it is easy to judge that this city was once larger than it is today.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 57
« On the 2 of Decemb. we set forward and came in good time to Sultanie, » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 301
SOURCE for Sultanieh
« June 5.-We left our quarters before dusk, marched sixteen miles, and halted for a few hours at the village of Saingula ; we then proceeded to Sultanieh, eighteen miles distant. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 147
« June 6.-In the middle of the plain is Sultanieh , a city founded six hundred years ago by Sultan Khodabundah, but now completely in ruins. Amidst the heaps of fallen houses, the only building worthy of notice is the tomb of the founder. It » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 148
« Sultanieh » #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~ p. 412
SOURCE for Sultaniyye
« Zanján on 15th November for Sultániyyé. The road from Zanján to Sultániyyé runs through a perfectly flat stony plain bounded by low hills to the north and the south, and is devoid of interest. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 75
SOURCE for Sulthanie
« Iune 21. having stay'd till the great Heat were over, we left Senkan after Sun-set, taking our way, by Moon-light, through a Plain of six Leagues, at the end whereof we came, with the Sun-rising, to Sulthanie. It had been so calm and cold in the Night, that we had hardly
description
PAGE 186
the use of our Limbs, so that we had much ado to alight. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ pp. 185-6

R60-002 Syllebek
R60-002 Syllebek : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bir Saqqa , Pir Saqqa , Pir Shakal , Pir Zagheh , Pirsaka , Pirsaqa , Pisad Kur , پير زاغه , پير سقا ,
VARIANT names: Pirsaka , Syllebek ,
SOURCE for Pirsaka
SOURCE for Syllebek
« On the 7th. we set out and came at night to Syllebek where we took up our Nights-lodging, having this day very good way and with all pleasant, for on each side were fair Meadows, Pasture and Corn|fields, » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 303

R60-003 Choramdeky
R60-003 Choramdeky : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Khorramdareh , Khorramdarreh , Khurramdarreh , Khurramdarrekh , خرمدره ,
VARIANT names: Choramdah , Choramdeky , Emtier , Gromdora , Khorramdarreh , Khurram-dere ,
SOURCE for Choramdah
« We departed two hours before Sun-rising, and travell'd that day six Leagues, through a very fertil Country, all arable and pasture Lands, leaving, on the left hand, the little Mountains called Tzikitz•ki, where the King of Persia's best Race-Horses and Mares for breed are kept. About noon we took up our Lodging at the Village of Choramdah, which lies on the side of a little River, having so many Trees and Gardens about it, that it is not without reason that name is given it, which signifies, a place of Pleasure. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197
SOURCE for Choramdeky
« Leaving Syllebek we came the next day at night to Choramdeky which for it's many Gardens seems to be a Paradise. It is also watered with a good River which glides thrô the Town, and by a Serpentine course thrô the Fields round about the City renders the Earth more fertile and of a very good soil, » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 303
SOURCE for Emtier
« Notre Caravane eut encore le lendemain quatre heures de la même plaine à auſſi fertile et auffi pleine de villages, et logea dans une maiſon proche une petite ville nommée Emtier fort jolie par la grande quantité de jardins et la petite riviere qui y paffe. [Our caravan spent another four hours the next day on the same plain, which was also fertile and full of villages, and stayed in a house near a small town called Emtier, which was very pretty because of the large number of gardens and the small river that flows through it.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 60
SOURCE for Gromdora
« Nous pourfuivimes notre voyage deux heures avant jour, et après une traite de cinq heures, nous ar rivames à Gromdora, bourg d'une grande étendue, rempli d'arbres et de jardins, [We continued our journey two hours before daybreak, and after a five-hour trek, we arrived at Gromdora, a large town filled with trees and gardens.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 177
SOURCE for Khorramdarreh
SOURCE for Khurram-dere
« After another uneventful stage, we reached our next halting-place of Khurram-deré-a pretty village situated on a river, surrounded by poplars and willows -about 4.30 ?.?. Here, as usual, we were very hospitably received by the villagers » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 76

R60-020 Majar
R60-020 Majar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013217 coordinate: lat 32.27277 long 51.803605
NIMA/GNS names: Mahyar , مهیار ,
VARIANT names: Han Rus , Mahiar , Mahjar , Mahyar , Maiar , Majaart , Majaer , Majar , Mayar , Mayer , Mehiar , Moyeor , Moyore ,
SOURCE for Han Rus
« Han Ruš V D3 Mahyar. Iran. Etape entre Isbahān et Qūmisa sur la route de Širāz. Muq 457. Schw. 939. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Mahiar
« ur les dix heures du matin j'arrivai à un autre gros village nommé Mahiar où on trouve un assez bon carvansera. [Around ten o'clock in the morning I arrived at another large village called Mahiar where there is a fairly good caravanserai.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 194
« Llegose un hora antes que fuese noche á otro lugar de la mesma vezindad que del de donde aquel dia se auia salido, llamado Mahiar, y aun que en él auia un buen carauasar, el Enbaxador y gran parte de sus criados se aposentaron conmodamente en las mejores casas de los vezinos. [An hour before nightfall, he arrived at another place in the same neighborhood as the one he had left that day, called Mahiar, and although there was a good caravanserai there, the Ambassador and a large part of his servants settled comfortably in the best houses of the neighbors.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 17
SOURCE for Mahjar
« den 22. absolviert in 6 Stunden bis zum Dorfe Mabjar (Mahyår) 5 Farsach. Wir brachen 1 Stunde vor Sonnenaufgang auf und kamen nach einer Stunde durch eine mit Gerüll bedekte Ebene Residenz eines Radaren (Rahdar, StraEenwart), wo eine Wegekreuzung war, einer ging rechts SW durchs Gebirge, der andre nach S war der unsrige. [We completed the 22nd in 6 hours to reach the village of Mabjar (Mahyår) 5 Farsach. We set off 1 hour before sunrise and after an hour passed through a scree-covered plain where the residence of a radarn (Rahdar, road warden) was located, at a crossroads. One road went right (southwest) through the mountains, the other to the south was ours.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 85-6
SOURCE for Mahyar
« thence 5 to [۱۸۰] the village of Mahyar on the frontier of Fars, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175
SOURCE for Maiar
« Then we were up and off again, not along the road, but down a streamlet fringed with willows, until the dancing mirage in the distance hardened into mud huts and the grey caravanserai of Shah Abbas, and I rode into Maiar. There was no cha'par khaneh, so, meeting Saif, I left him to bring on the mules, and plodded another seven miles to a lonely little place on the plain, where carriages stopped to change horses. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 277
SOURCE for Majaart
« Ook paſſeerden wy. 't dorp Miſeralifa, alwaar men mede een goede Karrawanfera heeft, dog 't dorp zelf is kleen. Wy reden over een zeer gevaarlyken klippigen berg, genaamd Cotali Ortlini, en namen ons verblyf tot Majaart, dat een tamelyk groot dorp, en redelyk bebouwt is. [We also passed the village of Miſeralifa, which has a good Karrawanfera, though the village itself is small. We rode over a very dangerous, rocky mountain, called Cotali Ortlini, and took up residence at Majaart, which is a fairly large village and reasonably well-developed.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 259
SOURCE for Majaer
Le vingt-huitieme nous arrivámes au village de Majaer, où il y a un beau Caravanserai de pierre, bâti par le Roi Sulemoen, pere du Prince, qui regue aujourd'hui. On trouve en dedans, tout autour de la cour, de belles écuries, et le dehors de ce bâtiment reffemble plus à un Palais, qu'à une maifon publique pour Ies voyageurs. [On the eighth day we arrived at the village of Majaer, where there is a beautiful stone caravanserai, built by King Sulemoen, father of the Prince who reigns today. Inside, all around the courtyard, are fine stables, and the exterior of this building resembles a palace more than a public house for travelers.]
SOURCE for Majar
« I travell'd that day eight Leagues, to a Village called Majar, where I stayd all the next day, expecting a Carmelite Father, who had promis'd me his company. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
« I departed with the Caravan of the Honorable the East India Com|pany, from the Royal City Ispahan, having a sufficient number of Camels and Mules to carry our Provision and Baggage to Gammeron. The same day we travailed 8 Leagues and about 10 a Clock came to a village called Majar, where we took up our nights Lodging. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 328
SOURCE for Mayar
« From about 16 miles the valley widens to from 5 to 7 miles broad, and is open and flat for the rest of the march, narrowing again to about 1 mile towards Mayar, at 30 miles. This village is an irregular polygon, surrounded by high walls with loop-holed towers, now in ruins (Curzon), and is situated among gardens and cultivation, immediately under the steep, rocky range to the left of the valley. There is a small post-house outside the village, with a good well and a large masonry caravansarai, in dilapidated condition. Many of the houses are in ruins. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187
« Mayar (1) est un village gros de trois cents maisons, situé entre deux montagnes, s'étendant de l'une à l'autre, de sorte qu'il seroit impossible de ne passer pas par-dedans, quand on le vou-droit. Cette avantageuse situation me pourroitfn. 1 P. Della Valle, écrit Mehiar, et dit que ce nom signitic ami d'une grande. Ce mot peut en effet signifier ami d'un grand on d'une grande, si l'on prononce mehi yår, ou grand ami, si l'on prononce Meh yår. Les habitans de ce village étoient autrefois renonumés par la bonté des flèches qu'ils faconnoient. « Ce village dit Thévenot, est le commenceruent du pays de Fårs, qui, pro-prement, est la Perse. Voyage de M. Thevenot au Levant, etc., tout. IV, pag. 417, edit. in-12. Ambassade de Silva Figue-roa, pag. 336, 337. Voyages de P. Della Valle, toni. IV, pag. 302. (L-s.) [Mayar (1) is a village with three hundred houses, situated between two mountains, extending from one to the other, so that it would be impossible not to pass through them, even if one wanted to. This advantageous situation would allow mefn. 1 P. Della Valle, writes Mehiar, and says that this name means friend of a great one. This word can indeed mean friend of a great one or of a great one, if one pronounces mehi yår, or great friend, if one pronounces Meh yår. The inhabitants of this village were once renowned for the quality of the arrows they made. "This village, called Thévenot, is the beginning of the country of Fårs, which, properly speaking, is Persia. Voyage de M. Thévenot au Levant, etc., all. IV, p. 417, edit. in-12. Embassy of Silva Figue-roa, pag. 336, 337. Travels of P. Della Valle, toni. IV, p. 302. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 195-6
« We stopped for the first night in a ruined caravanserai in the village of Mayar » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 344
« we arrived about an hour and a half before sunset at the village of Mayar, which is esteemed nine fursucks from Ispahan, from whence we had been travelling ten good hours, at a quick walking pace. This village, which is seated in a narrow defile of the plain, between bare hills, is small, and almost totally ruined, there being now only a few gardens with their occupiers there. An excellent caravansera, of a more highly-finished kind than we had yet seen in the country, on the public road, is also abandoned, and going fast to decay; but as it offered us ti,e temporary shelter we required, we halted here for the night. OCT. 15th.-While we were preparing » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 241
SOURCE for Mayer
« Came to Mayer about 9 at night, being 8 Farsangs; good way except the Yerchan hills and that but small; an extroardiny caravensaroy, very [every] thing plenty, but no good water being a little brackis. Messrs. Wildon, Mr. Foulks and Peter Lillye in Company.6 [February]. Stayed at Mayer being snowey weather. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Mehiar
« La domenica, al-l'alba, dopo aver camminato la notte cinque o sei leghe, fa-cemmo posata in un caravanserai, presso la villa chiamata Mehiar, il nome della quale significa Amico del grande. Quivi císopraggiunse Ghulamali, corriero di Hormuz, maomettano, ma che serve i Portoghesi, [On Sunday, at dawn, after having walked five or six leagues during the night, we stopped in a caravanserai, near the village called Mehiar, whose name means Friend of the Great. There we were met by Ghulamali, a messenger from Hormuz, a Mohammedan, but who serves the Portuguese,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Moyeor
« Next day we got to Moyeor; agrandiz'd by a thousand families; but none of their houſes compare with their dove-houfes for neat and curious outfides: they have fome excuse for it; » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 150
SOURCE for Moyore
« October the 12th, 1628. The 12th daye being Sundaye about 6 of the clock in the afternoon we left Hispahone (being the famousest citie of all Parthia), and came to Moyore [Mehiar], a poore litle towne, haueing traveled 7 1ges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 74

R60-021 Canischa
R60-021 Canischa : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013096 coordinate: lat 32.0089 long 51.8668
NIMA/GNS names: Qomisheh , Qomsheh , Qowmsheh , Qumisheh , Shahreza , Shahriza , شهرضا , قمشه ,
VARIANT names: Canischa , Carmaça , Comashaw , Comche , Comicha , Comiffia , Comixan , Commeshaw , Comsce , Comushow , Komeshae , Kommehsja or Gomosja , Komminsja , Koomeshah , Kumeshah , Kumishah , Qomishah , Qumishah , Qumisheh ,
SOURCE for Canischa
« On the 18 ... Before night we got the hilly Countrey and set down in the village Canischa, where, by reason of bad Weather, we rested 3 days with the Caravan. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 328
SOURCE for Carmaça
« Fernão Gomes and party were well received by Bedijam Beça and departed his campo on the following Friday, ie, the Friday of June 22nd, accompanied by the said Bedijam Beça a league along the way, and Fernão Gomes de Lemos with company arrived at Carmaça (Qomishah), described in the codice of Ajuda as a place of one hundred inhabitants, with a very good fortress, and which in former times was a very rich and populous city, but by reason of rebellion had been largely destroyed by Xeque Ismael. » #3565 Smith, Ronald Bishop, The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970~p. 42
SOURCE for Comashaw
« 7 [February]. In the morning, about 7 a'clock sett out for Comashaw. In the way Mr. Welden rideing after an antolope fell down, horse and man, and hurt himself, but not dangerous. Came to our mansell about 12 at noon. Here is a good towne where may have all manner of catables. From Mayer to Comashaw is a fine garden, a Coffee house, fine tanke full of fish, some with gold rings in their noses. The place is called Shaw Rasay after a Persian saints name. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Comche
« Le vingt-sixième à trois heures après minuit, je commençai à marcher par une plaine fort sèche, mais qui se rend bonne à une lieue de Comché, assez grande ville où j'arrivai à onze heures du matin. Il y a plusieurs carvanseras, et pour n'être que de terre ils sont assez beaux. Cette ville est composée d'une suite de villages qui tiennent près de demi-lieue de long. [On the twenty-sixth, at three o'clock in the morning, I began walking across a very dry plain, which becomes passable a league from Comché, a fairly large town where I arrived at eleven o'clock in the morning. There are several caravansersas there, and for being made only of earth, they are quite beautiful. This town is made up of a series of villages that stretch for nearly half a league.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Comicha
« Ma traite s'acheva à Comicha (1): c'est une villace qui est fort grande à la vérité, car elle a plus de trois milles de tour; mais qui ressemble jdIus à un village qu'à une ville.
fn. 1Hhamd-oûllah place dans la province de Fårs « Qomichah et Qoulendjan, qui faisoient autrefois partie de l'Tràq, et qui sont situés sur les confins de cette province, et sur ceux du Färsistan.Qoùlendjan est un château de terre, et a plusieurs cantons dans sa dépendance; il fait partie du gouvernement de Qòmichali. Le climat en est à peu près le même que celui d'Isspahan; l'eau y vient par des aquedues souterrain; le sol y produit du blé, des fruits, du raisin; les habitans ressemblent à ceux d'Isspahan pour le carac-tère et le physique: ils ont toujours été adonnés à la double passion pour l'un et l'autre sexe. » Nozahat al-Qoloub, pag. 169 et 170 du nº. 127 des manuscrits persans de la Bibliothèque Impériale.P. Della Valle place Comsu (Qòmichah) à cinq ou six licues de Mayar. Fryer (Travels, pag. 25g), dit que le nom de ce bourg signilie ami du roi; mais je doute de la justesse de cette ex-plication. La Relation de Silva Figueroa (pag. 173) s'accorde avec le texte du géographe persan, touciant les canaux ou aque ducs souterrains qui contribuent à la fertilité de Qòmichah. (L-s.) [My journey ended at Comicha (1): it is a very large village, indeed, for it is more than three miles around; but it resembles more a village than a town.fn. 1 Hamd-ullah places in the province of Fars « Qomicha and Qulenjan, which were formerly part of Traq, and which are located on the borders of this province, and on those of Faristan.Qulenjan is an earthen castle, and has several cantons within its dependence; it is part of the government of Qomichali. The climate is roughly the same as that of Isfahan; water comes there through underground aqueducts; the soil produces wheat, fruit, and grapes; The inhabitants resemble those of Isfahan in character and physique: they have always been given to a dual passion for both sexes." Nozahat al-Qoloub, pp. 169 and 170 of No. 127 of the Persian manuscripts of the Imperial Library.P. Della Valle places Comsu (Qomichah) five or six miles from Mayar. Fryer (Travels, p. 25g) says that the name of this town means "friend of the king"; but I doubt the accuracy of this explanation. Silva Figueroa's Relation (p. 173) agrees with the Persian geographer's text, referring to the underground canals or aqueducts that contribute to the fertility of Qomichah. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 197-8
SOURCE for Comiffia
« Den 23. paficerden wy door Comiffia, zynde een tamelyke groote plaats, en redelyk digt bebouwd. Zyn ed: wierd gedurig in eer Palankyn gedragen. [On the 23rd we passed through Comiffia, a fairly large place, and fairly densely built up. His ed: was always carried in honourable manner.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260
SOURCE for Comixan
« 17 del dicho mes, y auiendose caminado seis leguas por camino llano y buena tierra, aunque sin arbol alguno, llegó á un buen lugar á que dauan nombre de çiudad, llamado Comixan, de quatrocien-tos ó quinientos veçinos. [On the 17th of the said month, and having traveled six leagues along a flat road and good land, although without any tree, he arrived at a good place that they called a city, called Comixan, with four hundred or five hundred neighbors.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 15
SOURCE for Commeshaw
« from Amno-baut we rode next day to Commeshaw, a Towne boafting in a thousand houſes and much Antiquitie. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 148
SOURCE for Comsce
« e, camminate cinque o sei altre leghe, la mattina del lunedi, col sole già alto, ci fer-mammo a riposare in un caravanserai di una villa grossa che chiamano Comscè; [and, after walking five or six more leagues, on Monday morning, with the sun already high, we stopped to rest in a caravan of a large villa which they call Comscè;] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Comushow
The 13th daye we came to Comushow [Qumishah], a fine plesant towne lying on a playne environed wth rockes. Here is good store of water. This towne is the last towne of the Kinges. Here we picht, hauing traveled 6 lges. of a very good waye.
« The 13th daye we came to Comushow [Qumishah], a fine plesant towne lying on a playne environed wth rockes. Here is good store of water. This towne is the last towne of the Kinges. Here we picht, hauing traveled 6 lges. of a very good waye. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 74
SOURCE for Komeshae
« Our whole distance was six fursucks, according to report, which we rode in about seven hours, as it was full an hour past noon when we entered Komeshae. At the distance of a mile before we reached this place, we came on the ruins of a deserted village, where there were now only a few gardens artificially watered, several large pigeon towers like those at I"paban, and an extensive burying-ground. The principal object visible in this last, was a large tomb, crowned by a cupola rising from amidst trees, and standing at the foot of a rocky mountain, its sacred precincts being marked by an enclosing wall. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 242
SOURCE for Kommehsja or Gomosja
« den 23. gereist zur Stadt Kommehsja oder Gomosja (Qomescha -Schahresa) in 7 Stunden etwa 6 Farsach, [On the 23rd, I traveled to the city of Kommehsja or Gomosja (Qomescha - Shahresa) in 7 hours, about 6 farsachs. ] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Komminsja
« Nous nous remimes en chemin le wingt-huitième, fur les 3. heures du matin, et paffämes à côté d'un moulin à cau, fur une petite riviere, que nous traverfames deux fois fur de petits ponts de pierre, et arrivames fur les 10. heures du matin à un grand bourg, nommé Komminsja, rempli de jardins et de petites tours, qui fervent de colombiers. [We set off again on the eighth, at 3 o'clock in the morning, and passed by a watermill, on a small river, which we crossed twice on small stone bridges, and arrived at 10 o'clock in the morning at a large town, named Komminsja, full of gardens and small towers, which were full of dovecotes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 254
SOURCE for Koomeshah
« We fared no better the next evening at the small town of Koomeshah » #2941 Austen Henry Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, John Murray, London, 1887, ~ vol. 1 p. 345
SOURCE for Kumeshah
« Leaving Mayar, the road crosses a wide, barren plain, surrounded by hills, to a small caravansarai called Atyab Shah, where water is brought in kanats. From here to camp there is a sprink- ling of villages. The last 2 miles are over rough ground, and two bridged nalas are passed. Kumeshah is a considerable walled town with good water from kanats. Several small caravansarais and a telegraph station, situated a quarter of a mile from a precipitous range of hills to the left of the valley. Supplies of all kinds procurable. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187
« At Kumeshah, the last stage but one before reaching Isfahan, I happened on a hospitable inspector of telegraphs, who entertained me royally, and gave me news again of the outside world. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 276
SOURCE for Kumishah
« Soon after 2 P.M. we came in sight of the blue dome of an Imámzádé, situated in the precincts of the considerable town of Kumishah. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 222
SOURCE for Qomishah
SOURCE for Qumishah
« thence 6 to Qūmishah city; total from Isfahan to Qūmishah 14 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175-6
SOURCE for Qumisheh

R60-022 Carawansera
R60-022 Carawansera : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Magsud Beyk , Maqsud Begi , Maqsud Beyk ,
Supplement: Kleiss states « The eight caravanserail buildings of Maqsud Beyk, seven of which could be identified, extend over a distance of 2 km from north to south on both sides of the Esfahan Abadeh - Shiraz road (Fig. 277). » Now only one can be possibly identified that is Maqsud Beyk, Karavanserail VI.
VARIANT names: caravasar , Carawansera , Die Karavanserails von Maqsud Beyk , Karawanserei Myrsa kuczik Kala , Machsud carauansera , Magfoe-begie caravanserai , Mahsud , Maksoubegui , Maksud Beg , Maksudbegi , Maqsud Begi , Marzubeki , Mirza-Kut-chec , Moxabeg , Moxutebeggy , Muchsawbeggu , Muksood Beggy ,
SOURCE for caravasar
« A 16 caminó la caravana siete leguas, á una mucho mas pobre y miserable aldea cuyo nonbre no mereçe hazerse memoria del; [At 16 the caravan traveled seven leagues, to a much poorer and more miserable village whose name does not deserve to be remembered;] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 14
SOURCE for Carawansera
« Upon the 22 we set forward again and had very hilly way, which
proved so incommodous that we travailed that day no more than 6 Dutch Miles, and took our Nights rest at a Carawansera, where we met another Caravan coming from Gammeron richly loaden with all sorts of Indian Commodities, and bound for several Markets in Persia. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 329
SOURCE for Die Karavanserails von Maqsud Beyk
« Die Karavanserails von Maqsud Beyk (Abb. 12; 277) (150)Lage: Maqsud Beyk liegt 35 km südöstlich von Shahreza (Qomsheh/ Qumisheh), 35 km nördlich von Izadkhast (Pro-vinz Fars), in +1900 m ü.N.N., an der Straße Esfahan Izadkhast - Shiraz, und 20 km nördlich von Karavanserail Aminabad (Provinz Fars). Maqsud Beyk ist der letzte Kara-wanenort in der Provinz Esfahan (moderne Provinzauftei-lung).Die 8 Karawanenbauten von Maqsud Beyk, von denen 7 erfaßt werden konnten, erstrecken sich auf einer Entfernung von 2 km von Nord nach Süd beiderseits der Straße Esfahan Abadeh - Shiraz (Abb. 277). Im Dorf Maqsud Beyk liegt eine stark befestigte Dorfburg, die gelegentlich auch als Un-terkunftsort für Reisende gedient haben mag (151).fn 150 Die sieben noch sichtbaren Karavanserail-Ruinen wurden am 9. 12. 1984 (Nr. V und VII), am 12.6.1987 (Nr. VI) und am 12. 12. 1988 (Nr. I, II, III und IV) vermessen.fn 151 W. Kleiss, AMI 26, 1993, 276ff. [The Caravanserails of Maqsud Beyk (Fig. 12; 277) (150)Location: Maqsud Beyk is located 35 km southeast of Shahreza (Qomsheh/Qumisheh), 35 km north of Izadkhast (Fars Province), at an elevation of 1900 m above sea level, on the Esfahan Izadkhast - Shiraz road, and 20 km north of the Aminabad Caravanserail (Fars Province). Maqsud Beyk is the last caravan settlement in the Esfahan Province (modern provincial division).The eight caravanserail buildings of Maqsud Beyk, seven of which could be identified, extend over a distance of 2 km from north to south on both sides of the Esfahan Abadeh - Shiraz road (Fig. 277). In the village of Maqsud Beyk lies a heavily fortified village castle, which may occasionally have served as accommodation for travelers (151).fn 150 The seven remaining caravanserai ruins were surveyed on December 9, 1984 (Nos. V and VII), on June 12, 1987 (No. VI), and on December 12, 1988 (Nos. I, II, III, and IV).fn 151 W. Kleiss, AMI 26, 1993, 276ff.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 141
SOURCE for Karawanserei Myrsa kuczik Kala
« Von dort 1/2 Stunde zur Karawanserei und zum Garten desselben Stifters geradewegs S + 0, wohin ein breiter, gleichma~iger Weg fiihrte. Hinter der Karawanserei war ein baumreicher Traubengarten mit dick bewachsenen Aileen von WeiBpappeln. Ein Wasser von den Hohen fiillte einen Teich und lief weiter nach Qomescha. -Diese Karawanserei mit ailem Anhang wurde genannt Myrsa kuczik Kala (Mirsi Kutschek Kili (?) oder Qal'a, Burg (?). Sie war wohlgebaut und zierlich, verfiel aber schon hie und da. Hatte von Ziegeln und Lehm auf dem gemeinen Erdgrunde erbaute [From there, a half-hour walk led directly south to the caravanserai and the garden of the same founder, to which a wide, level path led. Behind the caravanserai was a tree-filled vineyard with thick avenues of white poplars. A stream from the hills filled a pond and flowed on to Qomesha. This caravanserai with all its appurtenances was called Myrsa Kuczik Kala (Mirsi Kutschek Kili (?) or Qal'a, Castle (?). It was well-built and elegant, but already showing signs of decay here and there. It had been built of bricks and clay on common soil.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 88
SOURCE for Machsud carauansera
« The 19. I got six leagues, to the Village of Machsud. This Village hath a Carauansera well furnished with Lodg|ings and Stables. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1
SOURCE for Magfoe-begie caravanserai
« Nous arrivámes fur les 11. heures au Caravanserai de Magfoe-begie, fans avoir rencontré juſques-là aucun gibier. Nous y trouvámes le long d'un petit canal des becaffines, des canards, des pigeons et desallouctes. [We arrived at the Magfoe-begie caravanserai at 11 o'clock, without having encountered any game until then. There, along a small canal, we found woodcocks, ducks, pigeons, and shelducks.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 254
SOURCE for Mahsud
« In the morning I rode to Mahsud. ... At length came Mahsud, the usual collection of mud walls, and a solitary chapar khaneh ; —' to my delight furnished with a table and a chair, on which I write this. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 275
SOURCE for Maksoubegui
« Le vingt-septième, je marchai depuis quatre heures du matin jusques à dix heures par une plaine bien ensemencée, et je logeai dans un carvansera appelé Maksoubegui. [On the twenty-seventh, I walked from four o'clock in the morning until ten o'clock through a well-sown plain, and I lodged in a carvansera called Maksoubegui.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ pp. 294-5
SOURCE for Maksud Beg
« the village of Maksúd Beg, where we arrived about 4.30 P.M. , was a most desolate - looking spot. Here we found the Jewish minstrels who had overtaken us at Marg entertaining the muleteers and villagers with a concert in the caravansaray. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 223
SOURCE for Maksudbegi
« and then over a wide cultivated valley to Kishara, a walled village, with a chaparkhana in cultivated country. Maksudbegi, after which this chaparkhana is named, is a walled village-like fort, quarter of a mile further on, and close under the precipitous hills on the left of the valley. Good crops of wheat and barley are grown here, and the villages are all supplied with water by kanats, and have each a few plough-bullocks. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187
SOURCE for Maqsud Begi
SOURCE for Marzubeki
« Daar na trokken wy door een dorp, genaamd Milakoerfiek, ennamen ons verblyf tot Marzubeki in een tamelyke Karrawanfera; dog de lyf-wagt nam haar verblyf in een tent, thaande nevem de Kartawanfera. Men heeft hier goed water, en ook viích; dog die is kleyn, en grondig. [Afterward, we passed through a village called Milakoorfiek and took up residence at Marzubeki in a fairly small Karrawanfera. However, the guards stayed in a tent near the Karrawanfera. There is good water here, as well as fish; however, it is small and plentiful.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260
SOURCE for Mirza-Kut-chec
« Le 5, je fis six petites lieues par le beau pays que j'ai représenté, qui est tout couvert de ruis-seaux et de villages. On en traverse un à moitié chemin, appelé Mirza-Kut-chec (Myrza Ku-tchuk), c'est-à-dire, petit prince, lequel durant l'été est un des agréables lieux qu'on puisse voir, et durant l'automne, celui où l'on mange les meilleurs melons. Sa principale beauté vient des jardins et des bâtimens qui y ont été faits par ce seigneur, de qui il porte le nom, qui étoit cèdre (ssedr), ou grand pontife, du temps d'A-bas - le - Grand, de qui il épousa une fille, à cause de quoi on lui donna ce nom de petit prince. Ma traite se termina à un joli village, nommé Maxud Bequi (1) du nom du ſeu fn. 1 Maqssoud Beyguy est situé à af milles anglais de Qòmichah, suivant Freyer (pag. 298 et 299), et à près de ao milles d'Yezd-Khôst, à cinq âghatch de Qomchah, suivant Thévenot, tom. IV, pag. 419. (L-s.) [On the 5th, I traveled six short leagues through the beautiful countryside I have depicted, which is covered with streams and villages. One is crossed halfway, called Mirza-Kut-chec (Myrza Ku-tchuk), that is, Little Prince, which during the summer is one of the pleasant places one can see, and during the autumn, the one where one eats the best melons. Its principal beauty comes from the gardens and buildings built there by this lord, after whom it is named, who was a cedar (ssedr), or high priest, in the time of Abas the Great, whose daughter he married, because of which he was given the name of Little Prince. My journey ended at a pretty village, named Maxud Bequi (1) after the name of the seu fn. 1 Maqssoud Beyguy is located at af English miles from Qòmichah, according to Freyer (pages 298 and 299), and at nearly ao miles from Yezd-Khôst, at five âghatch from Qomchah, according to Thévenot, tom. IV, page 419. (L-s.)] »
#3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 202
SOURCE for Moxabeg
« Moxabeg » in {map#1322 Carte de l'itinéraire de Perse fait par Herbert, avec Dodmere Cotton, ambassadeur d'Angleterre, l'an 1627 / par P. du Val, , , }
« Next day, passing through De-Moxalbeg [Dih Maqsüd Begi], we got to Amno-baut [Aminābād], » #3211 ed Foster, William, Thomas Herbert, Travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ p. 119
SOURCE for Moxutebeggy
« Entering Parthia by this Mound, or heap of Earth, seemingly cast up on purpose to make this hollow Gulph, we were opposed by no other Mountains till we came to Moxutebeggy (1), though we encountred almost in every Village with old Castles made of Mud and almost turned to Earth again; fn 1 Maqsūd Begi, Maksud Beggi of Curzon's map (ii, 60), about 20 miles N. of Yezdikhast. Herbert (148) calls it De-Moxalbeg. According to Chardin, it took its name from "the late Lord Steward of Persia." "I travell'd...through a plain sow'd with store of grain, and lodg'd in an Inn called Maksonbegui” (Tavernier, 246). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 234
SOURCE for Muchsawbeggu
« About 5 in the Evening tooke leave of Mossrs. Weldon and Foulkes, the former beingabed by reason of his fall. Peter Lillye came with me to Muchsawbeggu, where arived about 10 at night, being 4 farsangs, good way; a bad caravensaroy, may have all things for a Traveller. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38
SOURCE for Muksood Beggy
« Our road over this plain lay about south-east by south, and at noon we reached the small station of Muksood Beggy. A large caravan from Shiraz, going to Ispahan, escorted by a troop of soldiers, had made their halt here, and every place of shelter was fully occupied by them. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 247

R60-023 Jurgestan
R60-023 Jurgestan : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Izad Khast , Izad Khvast , Samirum , Yazd-e Khast , Yazd-e Khvast , Yezd-i-Khast , ایزد خواست ,
VARIANT names: Esduchos , Hiesdegas , Izad Khast , Izdehast , Jesdagaes , Jesdagaes , Jesdegas , Jurgestan , Lurgisthan Carauansera , Yazd-i-Khost , Yazdikhwast , Yes-de-gas , Yes-de-Kast , Yezdikhast , Yezd-khast , Yudacoss ,
SOURCE for Esduchos
« The Day alter we Marched Two and Thirty Miles to Esduchos (2): But before we exchanged Degurdu for this place, we accosted a Black Marble Mountain, fn 2 Herbert (148), writing Yezdicaws, is nearer the original name of this remarkable place than Fryer. It is Yezdikhast, explained by old writers to be a Pehlevi word signifying "God willed it." It has been described by many writers. "Yezdikhast is, truly enough, built on the top of a remarkable rock, and this rock does stand in the middle of a deep valley: but the latter, so far from being a valley in the ordinary acceptation of the term, is a deep gash or trench cut down to a depth of over 100 feet, without the slightest warning, in the middle of the plain, the edge being as clearly defined as Shakespeare's Cliff at Dover. One is almost on the brink of the gully before one is aware of its ex-istence. At the bottom flows a swift and dirty stream towards the east. ...I own I should never myself have detected any analogy to the hang-ing gardens of Babylon" (Curzon, ii, 66 ff.). Compare Goldsmid, 196. Illustrations will be found in Curzon (ii, 66): Goldsmid (226): Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles (330). It is the Yezdecas of Tavernier (246), who quotes a common proverb: "That to live happy, a Man nust have a wife ci Yezd, eat the bread of Yezdecas, and drink the wine of Schiras." Browne (p. 224) writes the name Yezdi Khwāst, which is doubtless correct, adding that "what is called the sar-hadd, a sum-mer road, bears to the south-west into the mountains; while the garmsir, or winter road, crosses the chasm or valley below Yezdikh-wást, and trends towards the south-east." The former was Fryer's route. See also on these routes, Goldsmid, 192. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 233
SOURCE for Hiesdegas
« A 15, dia de Pasqua, se hizo jornada en Hiesdegas, despues de auer andado con la carauana grandes ocho leguas, [On the 15th, Easter Day, a journey was made to Hiesdegas, after having traveled with the caravan a great eight leagues,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 13
SOURCE for Izad Khast
« The third march from Surmek, however, brought me to a place which deserves more notice-Yezdikhast. 'Shiraz,' says an old Persian proverb, 'is famous for wine, Yezdikhast for bread, and Yezd for women.' But there is more than bread to see at Yezdikhast. Truly it is one of the most extraordinary villages of the world From ofon eg the trolladas » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 272
SOURCE for Izdehast
« La notte, levata la luna, si riprese al solito il viaggio: ma fatte solamente quattro leghe, il mercoledi, più di un'ora innanzi giorno, arrivammo alla villa Izdehast, che vuol dir Dio volle: dove convenne fermarsi, perchè non vi era altro luogo da ripo-sare, se non molto lontano. [At night, when the moon had risen, we resumed our journey as usual: but having gone only four leagues, on Wednesday, more than an hour before daybreak, we arrived at the villa Izdehast, which means God willed: where we had to stop, because there was no other place to rest, except very far away.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241
SOURCE for Jesdagaes
« Diary of 8 February 1707/8.Yudacoss. Yazd-i-Khôst. The Izdekhast of Della Valle (Hak. Soc. ed. III, 296).For a long note on this place see Fryer, op. cit., II, 233. When Thévenot first visited "Yes-de-Kast in 1665 (pp. 120-121), he found it "very little, having but only one street," the place "built upon a narrow rock" and "in manifest danger" of "falling down topsie turvy all at once." In 1667 he found the old village forsaken and another town, the one visited by Scattergood, in process of erection "to the northward." Struys says (p. 339) that the village was formerly called "Jurgestan, now Jesegas," and Hedges remarks of "Yes-de-gas" (I, 209) that it had "a good Caravan Serai, built in a vast great ditch. Le Bruyn (II, 3) has an illustration of the village of "Jesdagaes" as it appeared from the Kårwânsarâî in October 1704. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 46-7
SOURCE for Jesdegas
« Wy namen onze ruft op Jesdegas in ee'n fchoone groote Karrawanfera, ftaande by een brug, daar een fnelle rievier onder doorloopt, Hier heeft men een moorddadig en wederfpannig volk, woonende op zeer hooge klippen, die ftyl afloopen, daz men fchrikt, zoo men na om laag ziet [We took up our rest at Jesdegas in a beautiful, large Karrawanfera, standing by a bridge, under which a swift river flows. Here they have a murderous and unruly people, living on very high cliffs, which slope down so steeply that one is frightened when one looks down.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260
SOURCE for Jurgestan
« That day we travailed 7 Dutch Miles and came at night to a Village formerly called Jurgestan, now Iesegas. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 329
SOURCE for Lurgisthan Carauansera
« The 21. I travell'd 10. leagues, to a Carauansera, cal'ed Iurgisthan, very ill way, and so much the more incommodious, by reason of the wind and snow, which hindred me very much. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Yazd-i-Khost
SOURCE for Yazdikhwast
« and thence 7 to Yazdikhwāst village. Total: from Qūmishah to Yazdikhwāst 12 leagues, and from Isfahan 26 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
« From this point we could clearly see before us a small conical hill, beyond which lay the hamlet of Yezdikhwást, which I was so anxious to see. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 224
SOURCE for Yes-de-gas
SOURCE for Yes-de-Kast
SOURCE for Yezdikhast
« The second day was a record-breaker; we rode seventy-seven miles in the hours between 5.10 A.M. and 10.45 p.m., when we reached Yezdikhast, one of the most curiously situated places that can be imagined. It is perched on top of a rocky height that looks, as one approaches it, like some gigantic ship that has been turned to stone in the midst of a river bed that has been dry for ages. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 277
SOURCE for Yezd-khast
« Je logeai à Yesdecast (Yezd-hhâsi), château et bourg, situés dans une vallée longue de vingt lieues, sept à l'orient du château, et treize à l'occident, et large de demi-lieue, presque partout. [I stayed at Yesdecast (Yezd-hhâsi), a castle and town, located in a valley twenty leagues long, seven to the east of the castle, and thirteen to the west, and half a league wide almost everywhere.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 204
SOURCE for Yudacoss

R60-024 new-built Carawansera
R60-024 new-built Carawansera : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: Karavanserail Shurdjestan , new-built Carawansera , Sagrestone caravensaroy , Shulghistan caravansaray ,
SOURCE for Karavanserail Shurdjestan
« Lage: 32 km südöstlich von Izadkhast und 36 km nord-westlich von Abadeh, in + 2180 m ú. N. N., an der Haupt-straße von Esfahan nach Shiraz.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 65 x 64 m, Hofabmessun-gen 38 x 37,50 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden maximal 6,30 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 9,80 m (Abb. 94). [Location: 32 km southeast of Izadkhast and 36 km northwest of Abadeh, at an elevation of 2180 m above sea level, on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, and a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 65 x 64 m, courtyard dimensions 38 x 37.50 m, maximum height of the courtyard facades 6.30 m, height of the gatehouse 9.80 m (Fig. 94).] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 55
SOURCE for new-built Carawansera
« This day we travailed 6 Dutch Miles and at night came to a fair new-built Carawansera. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 329
SOURCE for Sagrestone caravensaroy
« 9 [February]. About 7 in the morning sett out for Sagrestone, 6 farsangs; good way; a fine large plain, hills on each side full of snow, extreme cold; the Cafala goeing this way. being something hotter than the way by Cuscazar, being told at Yezdacess that three men died goeing Cuscazar way by the extreamity of cold. Arrived at our Stage about 2 after-noon: a good Caravensaroy etc. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 39
SOURCE for Shulghistan caravansaray
« About 2.30 P.M. we arrived at Shulghistán, a small picturesque village , rendered conspicuous by a green-domed Imámzádé, close to which is situated the dilapidated caravansaray. Since the latter appeared incapable of furnishing comfortable quarters, we betook ourselves to the chápár-kháné (post- house) opposite, where I was provided with a very comfortable room . The postmaster (ná'ib -chápár) was extremely courteous and attentive, and sat conversing with me for some time. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 228

R60-025 Carawansera
R60-025 Carawansera : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 31.162411 long 52.649524 † basis (p) Supplement: EAMENA-0265181 VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan Abadeh , Carawansera , Obadah caravensaroy , SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan Abadeh EAMENA-0265181 [accessed 28 Nov 2025] SOURCE for Carawansera « About 12 a clock it began to snow very hard, so continuing till the Evening when we met with a good Carawansera, which was no small comfort to us, having no stomach to lie such weather without a Roof in the open Field. The same day we travailed 7 Dutch Miles. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 330 SOURCE for Obadah caravensaroy « 10 [February]. About 8 set out for Obadah, 6 farsangs; plain way. about 1 afternoon; very bad Caravensaroy, but a large village where may have all things. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 39

R60-026 Carawansera with ponds
R60-026 Carawansera with ponds : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: Carawansera with ponds , Conacorra caravensaroy , Karawanenhaltepunkt Khaneh Khorreh , Khan Khoreh caravanserai , Khan-e-Khurra , Khan-i-Khure caravansaray ,
SOURCE for Carawansera with ponds
« On the 25 we had very good weather, and the Way also reaso|nable good so that in good time we got to a Carawansera, which lay about 8 Dutch Miles, or somthing more from the other. Near this place are divers Ponds of sweet Water affoarding also great plenty of Fish: wherefore we went to Angle, and took about 40 Carps, which because of the Novelty were very acceptable, having eaten nothing all the way but salt Meat. These Ponds as well as the Carawansera were made, as we understood from an Inscription over the Door, at the Charges of the Dutch East India Company. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 330
SOURCE for Conacorra caravensaroy
« 12th [February]. At midnight set out for Conacorra, 8 farsangs, good plain way: arrived at our stage about 7 in the morning, an old ruinated caravensaroy built castlewise with six bastions; no village near it, nor can have nothing except provender for our beasts, A small spring of water just by the door. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ ~ p. 39
SOURCE for Karawanenhaltepunkt Khaneh Khorreh
« Karawanenhaltepunkt Khaneh Khorreh (Khaneh Khowrreh) (Taf. 10,3.4) (Abb. 5; 100) (74)Lage: 31 km südöstlich von Surmaq, 29 km nördlich von Dehbid, in + 2140 m ü. N. N., an der Hauptstraße von Esfa-han nach Shiraz und an einer Abzweigung nach Abarku und Yazd.Am Platz sind zu unterscheiden: Ein Karavanserail mit jüngerem Anbau einer Gendarmeriestation, ein rundes Quellhaus, eine kleinere Hofanlage mit Ecktürmen, zwei ruinöse Stallgebäude und ein größerer, stark zerstörter Komplex sowie ein weiterer kleiner Rundbau (Turm).Das Karavanserail:Typ: Achteckbau mit Rundtürmen und betontem, aber nicht vorgezogenem Portal. Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwa-nen und vier Stallabteilungen (Abb. 101). Abmessungen: Außenmaße 52 × 52 m, lichte Weite des Hofes 28 m (Abb.101), Höhe der Hoffassaden 6,50 m und Höhe des Portalbaus 7,20 m (Abb. 102).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk, verputzt. Natur-steinsockel und Fassadenaufbau aus gebrannten Ziegeln (22 × 22 × 5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Partiell erheb-lich beschädigt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.Das Quellhaus:Typ: Rundbau mit flacher Decke, die als Übernach-tungsplattform diente (Abb. 103).Abmessungen: Äußerer Durchmesser 5,90 m, Höhe der Plattform über dem Boden 1,80 m. Wasserstand bei 1,70 m unter der Erdoberfläche. Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.74 M. Siroux, Caravansérails d'Iran (Cairo 1949) 73. - Die Schnitte und die Frontansicht wurden am 9. 6. 1987 vermessen und das Quellhaus am 12.6. 1987. [Caravan Stop Khaneh Khorreh (Khaneh Khowrreh) (Plate 10.3.4) (Figs. 5; 100) (74)Location: 31 km southeast of Surmaq, 29 km north of Dehbid, at an elevation of 2140 m above sea level, on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz and at a junction to Abarku and Yazd.The following structures can be distinguished at the site: a caravanserai with a later addition of a gendarmerie station, a round spring house, a smaller courtyard complex with corner towers, two ruined stable buildings, a larger, heavily damaged complex, and another small round building (tower).The Caravanserai:Type: Octagonal building with round towers and a prominent, but not projecting, entrance. Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and four stable compartments (Fig. 101). Dimensions: External dimensions 52 × 52 m, clear width of the courtyard 28 m (Fig. 101), height of the courtyard facades 6.50 m and height of the portal structure 7.20 m (Fig. 102).Building material: Rubble masonry, plastered. Natural stone base and facade structure made of fired bricks (22 × 22 × 5 cm).Structural features and condition: Partially significantly damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.The spring house:Type: Rotunda with a flat roof, which served as an overnight platform (Fig. 103).Dimensions: Outer diameter 5.90 m, height of the platform above ground 1.80 m. Water level at 1.70 m below ground level.Building material: Rubble masonry, plastered.74 M. Siroux, Caravansérails d'Iran (Cairo 1949) 73. - The sections and the front view were measured on June 9, 1987, and the spring house on June 12, 1987.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 60
SOURCE for Khan Khoreh caravanserai
« Good spring water at the Khan-i-Kora caravansarai, which is a large hexagonal masonry building with sides of 55 feet and small towers at the angles. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 189
SOURCE for Khan-e-Khurra
« Sur la route d'Ispahan à Chiraz, les caravansérails de Deh-bid, d'Amir-abád et de Khán-e-Khurra, tous les trois octogonaux, montrent de quelle ingénieuse façon les bâtisseurs éliminèrent ce défaut.Beaucoup plus vastes que Tchâhár-åbåd, ces monuments profitent de cours spacieuses. Les huit façades égales sont donc plus développées.[On the road from Isfahan to Shiraz, the octagonal caravanserais of Deh-bid, Amir-abad, and Khán-e-Khurra demonstrate the ingenious way in which the builders eliminated this drawback. Much larger than Tchâhár-abad, these monuments benefit from spacious courtyards. Their eight equal façades are therefore more elaborate.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 183
SOURCE for Khan-i-Khure caravansaray
« about 4 P.M. , we reached the disconsolate stone caravansaray of Khán- i- Khurré, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 233

R60-027 Gufti
R60-027 Gufti : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Gushti , گوشتی ,
VARIANT names: Gufti , Gushti ,
SOURCE for Gufti
« On the 26 we had very high Hills to clamber over, so that the hollow places in the way being fill'd with snow, put us (notwith|standing all the care and vigilance we could use) to a great deal of trouble, for the way being very slippery, the Camels, Mules and Horses often stumbled and fell, which greatly endamaged the Chests which were but newly and very loosly repaired. Besides that it snew very thick all the Forenoon, which made us long for a Carawansera, that we could not reach till late at night coming to the Village Gufti, where we rested for that night, having made no more than 5 Dutch Miles the whole day. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 330
SOURCE for Gushti

R60-026 Scyras
R60-026 Scyras : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chimaz , Chiraz , Schiras , Shiraz , Siraz , شیراز ,
VARIANT names: Chiras , Chiraz , Chyraz , Giras , Giraz , Schiras , Sciras , Sciraz , Scyras , Sehiras , Shira-its-tsi-ish , Shirass , Shiraz , Siras , Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz , Širaz , Sjiraas , Sjiraas , Stadt Siraes , Syras , Xiras , Xiraz , Zjie-raes ,
SOURCE for Chiras
« dinge alle de omleggende vlekken hooren, en daarvan hij in Chiras aan den gouverneur reekeningh doen moet, [let all the destroyers hear the things, and he must give an account of them to the governor in Chiras,] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 74
« Le 17, j'arrivai à Chiras, foible et défait, [On the 17th, I arrived in Chiras, weak and defeated,] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 90
« Je n'ai point voulu marquer par le compas la route que je tenois , jour par jour, d'Ispalian à Chiras, car c'est presque la même chose chaque jour ; [I did not want to mark with the compass the route I took, day by day, from Ispalian to Chiras, because it is almost the same thing every day;] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 241
SOURCE for Chiraz
« ITINÉRAIRE DE CHIRAZ A SIRAF. De Chiraz à Kafra كفرة village 15 milles.?? » #3001 Al-Idrisi, P. Amedee Jaubert, Geographie d'Edrisi, Bertrand, Paris, 1836 ~ vol. 1 p. 400
SOURCE for Chyraz
« Chyraz » in {map#1255 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / dressée par P. Lapie... ; gravée par Blondeau..., , 1810, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE C-10435}
« Chyraz » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, }
« Arrivé à la porte de Chyraz, un individu préposé à je ne sais quoi se jeta sur Alawerdi et le secoua avec violence; on lui demanda 2 krowns, je ne sais à quel titre. Alawerdi résista, mais le préposé s'empara du fusil qu'il portait en bandoulière. Je le laissai faire, bien persuadé que j'en obtiendrais raison. Je fus d'abord à la douane où je déposai mes effets qui furent culbutés,, Dieu sait comme! et me rendis ensuite chez le nabab où je retrouvai mon logement. [Arriving at the gate of Chyraz, an individual in charge of I don't know what threw himself on Alawerdi and shook him violently; he was asked for 2 krowns, I don't know for what reason. Alawerdi resisted, but the attendant grabbed the rifle he was carrying across his shoulder. I let him do it, fully convinced that I would get his way. I first went to customs where I deposited my belongings which were overturned, God knows how! and then went to the nawab where I found my accommodation.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 603
SOURCE for Giras
« GIRAS, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Relações Anais]. [GIRAS, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [P. Fernão Guerreiro - Annals].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. D-N p. 85
SOURCE for Giraz
« From there they will go to the city of Vargim, and from there to the city of Giraz » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 249
SOURCE for Schiras
« Le seizième de mars à huit heures du matin, je partis de Schiras, et après six heures de marche dans la plaine, qui cesse d'être fertile à une lieue de la ville, [On the sixteenth of March at eight o'clock in the morning, I left Schiras, and after six hours of walking in the plain, which ceases to be fertile a league from the town,] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 310
« J'arrivay à Schiras ſur les fix heures du ſoir ; [I arrived at Shiras around six o'clock in the evening;] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 656
« La Ville de Schiras, où nous arrivames enfin le 4 de Mars, n'eſt qu'à 1 mille de Tſchinar Raddar vers l'Eſt. Nous employames donc dixhuit jours, pour faire le Voyage d'Abuſchäbhr à Schiras, au lieu que fans cela, quelqu'un peut facilement faire ce Voyage en fix jours. La cauſe que nous étions fi longtems en chemin, n'étoit pas ſeulement le mauvais tems et le détour par Kormudſch, mais que la plus part des Marchandises de notre Kaffle, n'étoient chargées que fur des mauvais Anes, qui ne pouvoient faire que de petites journées. [The city of Shiras, where we finally arrived on March 4th, is only one mile east of Tſchinar Raddar.
It therefore took us eighteen days to make the journey from Abuſschäbhr to Shiras, whereas someone could easily make this journey in ten days. The reason we were so long on the road was not only the bad weather and the detour via Kormudſsh, but also that most of the goods in our wagon were loaded only onto poor donkeys, which could only travel for short periods.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 91
SOURCE for Sciras
« . Egli, mentre facemmo dimora a Sciras, non volle che noi ſpendeſsimo, per non offender le leggi dell'oſpitalità; [While we were staying in Sciras, he did not want us to spend money so as not to offend the laws of hospitality; ] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p.263
SOURCE for Sciraz
« Fatta poi notte, di nuovo ci rimettemmo alla via; e il mercoledi, ventidue di giugno, camminate pian piano e molto adagio le due o tre sole leghe che restavano infin alla città di Sciraz, non prima dell'alba ci arrivamnto. [Then when night fell, we set off again; and on Wednesday, the twenty-second of June, you walked slowly and very slowly the only two or three leagues that remained until the city of Sciraz, arriving there not before dawn.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 362
« A due o tre ore di notte facemmo di nuovo levata, e dopo aver camminato tutto il resto della notte, il sabbato, sedici di ottobre, fatte le sci altre leghe che sole restavano a giorno chiaro, levato già il sole, arrivammo ai giardini di Sciraz, la qual città è situata pur in un bel piano circondato quasi d'ogn'intorno da monti, [At two or three o'clock in the morning we rose again, and after having walked all the rest of the night, on Saturday, the sixteenth of October, having skied the other leagues that were left in the light of day, the sun having already risen, we arrived at the gardens of Sciraz, which city is situated on a beautiful plain surrounded almost on all sides by mountains,] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 265
SOURCE for Scyras
« Het Landt roudtom Scyras is seer buchtbaar; maar boven al in Wijngaarden/die den Wijn voastrengen / welke dosz geheel Perfien, en selfs daar bupten / voor den besten van de ge heele Werelt gehouden. werdt / zijnde noch geuriger/ krachti ger/en forter als de Canarie-Sck. [The Land of Scyras is very famous; but above all in Vineyards / that supply the Wine / which are entirely Perfian, and even there / held for the best in the entire World. was / being neither more fragrant / more powerful / and stronger than the Canarie-Sck.] » #3243 Jan Janszoon Struys, Drie aanmerkelijke en seer rampspoedige Reysen, Meurs, 1677 ~ p. 354
SOURCE for Sehiras
« Having view'd these Antiquities, which with those of Derbent, were all we met with in our Travels, I prosecuted my jour|ney the 28. of Ianuary, and got that day ten Leagues, to the City of Sehiras. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Shira-its-tsi-ish
see source « Syras »
SOURCE for Shirass
« Dined here and went away for Shirass, being 5 farsangs, bad way up hills and down ; about the middle of the way in a fine plain is a good caravensaroy. Arrjved at Shirass at 8 at night. 21st [February], being Sunday. Went away for Bobbahodge. 9 farsangs good way . » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Shiraz
« This route passed Tarom, Forgh, Rustak, Darab, Darakan, Fasa, Sarvestan and then Shiraz, and from there onwards to Isfahan. This was the normal trade route prior the reign of Shah `Abbas I (1587-1629) . » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 252 and #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 67
« 24th February, Khan-i-Zanyan, 3 farsakhs ; 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. 25th February, Shiraz, 8 farsakhs ; 5.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Next morning early, we saddled our horses for Shiraz. We had thirty-two miles to march, and the road, winding among bare mountain-tops, proved less interesting than any stage since Burazjan. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 45
« next night pitching a farfangh ſhort of Shiraz; where we expected a ceremonious entrance » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 132
« Hastening on towards Shiráz, I met a line inspector on tour, Mr Jefferies, who informed the that there was a riot taking place in the capital of Fárs. Accordingly, with very brief visits to the stupendous monuments of Persepolis, which I fortunately was able to examine carefully five years later, marched rapidly on, and being warned to avoid the town, proceeded to the beautiful Telegraph Garden, where I was most hospitably received by Dr Scully, the entertainer of almost every European traveller in Persia. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 80-81
« and thence in 5 leagues to the city of Shiraz. Total: from Yazdi-khwāst to Shiraz 44 leagues, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176
« Further on, we passed the fine tomb of Shah Ameer Hamza, son of the Imaum Moosa; and crossing a bridge over the dry bed of a river, we entered Shiraz before dark. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 287
« Although the city is the capital of the historic province of Fars and by right of inheritance the successor to the glory of Persepolis, the claim which Shiraz can make to eminence by reason of antiquity is not comparable with that of either Hamadan or Rei in Media of old. The general location of the city, it is true, is probably an ancient one, as shown by the vestiges of Achsemenian and Sasanian ruins in the vicinity, » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 324
SOURCE for Siras
« The 24th daye about 12 a clok att night we did sett out of the citie of Siras, comonly called by the inhabitans Shiras, and traveling over theplayne, » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p.78
« In our Stay here we had Opportunity to observe Siras, not only by Fame, but indeed to be, second to none, except the Royal City, in the whole Empire: » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 211
« Siras (Shirāz) for each carga half a mahmudi as in Lār » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321
SOURCE for Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz
« fn. 30. Bembo gives three spellings for Shiraz: "Siràs or Xiràs or Sciraz." Persepolis is 80 km north of Shiraz. The plain to which Bembo refers is Marv Dasht, and he gives the name "Mircascun" to the town of Zargan. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 298
SOURCE for Širaz
« Širāz VI C4
Id Iran
Métropole (misr) de la province du Fāris et circonscription
IV 391 » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 58
SOURCE for Sjiraas
« Den 11. dito na 2 mylen, aan de voor aan in Sjiraas gelegene Tsaarbag, daar van velen verwelkomt wierd. [The 11th ditto after 2 miles, at the front of Tsarbag located in Shiraas, where many were welcomed.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
« Den 7. dito vertrokken wy van Sjiraas, hadden een goeden weg, en rondom ons veel dorpen. [On the 7th we left Shiraas, had a good road, and many villages around us.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263
« Den 6. dito wierd zyn. Ed: door eenige Armeniers bezogt, door hen met eenige tafel-vrugten beichonken, en 's namiddags door deneerſten ſchryver des Viziers verzogt, om op te zitten, weshalven zyn ed: na Sjiraas vertrok, [On the 6th his Ed: was visited by some Armenians, by whom he was refreshed with some table fruits, and in the afternoon he was requested by the chief scribe of the Vizier to sit on, wherefore his Ed: departed after Sjiraas,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274
SOURCE for Stadt Siraes
« 7 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 384
« 23 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361
SOURCE for Syras
« Persia alla via di levante (A levante, ove prima si trova la città de Syras la quale) li..20., ha populo inumerabile, mercadanti assaissimi, perchè tutti i mercadanti che vengono da le parte di sopra, cioè da Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) e da li in suso (volendo vegnir per la via de la Persia) passano per Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarcanda, la principale città della Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, che Enrico III di Castiglia aveva inviato come ambasciatore a Timur nel 1405, ci ha lasciato una descrizione di Samarcanda quale era ai suoi tempi; cfr. la sua opera Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrariamente a quanto comunemente si crede, Shiraz è una città molto antica. Poco dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, G. Cameron scopri a Persepoli alcune tavolette in lingua elamita, recanti dettagli sulle paghe degli operai ivi impegnati nella costruzione del palazzo di Dario; su una di tali tavolette compare il nome di Shiraz, sotto la forma Shira-its-tsi-ish. Si ha così la prova che la città esisteva già nel periodo degli Achemenidi. In quel tempo, tuttavia, essa era messa in ombra da Persepoli. Sotto i Sasanidi Shiraz fu capitale dell'Ardashir Khurreh, uno dei cin- que distretti in cui era divisa la provincia del Färs. ... [Persia on the eastern road (To the east, where first is the city of Syras which) li..20., has an innumerable population, very many merchants, because all the merchants who come from the upper parts, that is from Ere, Sanmarcahanthe (299) and from there upwards (wanting to come by the road to Persia) pass through Syras, (300) fn. 299. Sanmarcahanth Samarkand, the principal city of Transoxiana. RUY GONZALES DE CLAVIJO, whom Henry III of Castile had sent as ambassador to Timur in 1405, has left us a description of Samarkand as it was in his time; cf. his work Embassy to Tamerlane, cit., pp. 285-290. (Lo.) fn. 300. Syras Shiraz. Contrary to popular belief, Shiraz is a very ancient city. Shortly after the Second World War, G. Cameron discovered in Persepolis some tablets in the Elamite language, containing details of the wages of the workers employed there in the construction of the palace of Darius; on one of these tablets the name of Shiraz appears, in the form Shira-its-tsi-ish. This is evidence that the city already existed in the period of the Achaemenids. At that time, however, it was overshadowed by Persepolis. Under the Sassanids Shiraz was the capital of Ardashir Khurreh, one of the five districts into which the province of Färs was divided. ...] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 142
SOURCE for Xiras
« A 24, vispera de Sancta Catalina martir, despues de auer enuiado delante muy de mañana el Enbaxador su rrecamara y todas las demas cargas, le vinieron á dar auiso como le querian ya salir á reçibir de Xiras, [On the 24th, the eve of Sancta Catalina martyr, after the Enbaxador had sent his chamber and all the other loads in front of him very early in the morning, they came to inform him how they wanted him and to leave to receive Xiras,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 332
« A 5 de Abril, en la tarde, salio el Enbaxador de Xiras, dexando algunos criados suyos con mas de çiento y çinquenta cargas de la pimienta que se lleuaua al rey de Persia, [On April 5th, in the afternoon, the Ambassador of Xiras left, leaving some of his servants with more than one hundred and fifty loads of pepper that he was taking to the King of Persia.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 367
SOURCE for Xiraz
« XIRAZ, cidade de - Shiraz, em 29° 38' lat. N. e 52° 31' long. E., na Pérsia. [João de Barros-Da Asia). [XIRAZ, city of - Shiraz, in 29° 38' lat. N. and 52° 31' long. E., in Persia. [João de Barros-From Asia).] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953, ~ vol. O-Z p. 287
SOURCE for Zjie-raes
« arriv?mes à minuit au Caravanserai de Babbahad-jie, à 5. lieuës de Zjie-raes. [and arrived at midnight at the Caravanserai of Babbahad-jie, 5 leagues from Zjie-raes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 312

R60-031 Scharim
R60-031 Scharim : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Do , Jahrom , Jahrum , جهرم , دو ,
VARIANT names: Dgiaroun , Djahrom , Djahroum , Djarom , Djaroûn , Djarroun , Djarum (Djabrom) , Gaarrom , Gahram , Gahrum , Gearon , Gerom , Giron , Gowaym , Guwaim , Isharum , Jaharan , Jahrom , Jahrum , Jaram , Jaraon , Jaron , Jaroon , Jaroone , Jarron , Jehram , Jehrum , Jowaym , Scharim , Sharon , Stadt Sharon ,
SOURCE for Dgiaroun
« we arrived at a large Kervanʃeray, which is about an hundred paces from a little Town called Dgiaroun, and is hardly worth a good Village; however there is a fair Bazar in it. » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 128
SOURCE for Djahrom
« Eine neuere Route führt heute von Benaru über Djuyom und Mansurabad nördlich des Kuh-e Alburs durch die Tang-e Kulin und Tang-e Khatiz nach Djahrom. [A newer route today leads from Benaru via Djuyom and Mansurabad north of the Kuh-e Albur through the Tang-e Kulin and Tang-e Khatiz to Djahrom.] » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lae-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ p. 296
« Djahrom » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 5 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Bushehr und Fars}
« Djahrom, welches man über die nördliche der beiden möglichen Routen bei km 210 erreicht, ist heute noch wie in safavidischer Zeit für seine Dattelproduktion berühmt, vom alten Kern der Stadt und besonders von den Kara- vanserails hat sich allerdings bis heute nichts erhalten. Besonders bedauerlich ist das Ver- schwinden des alten Basars von Djahrom, der nach Orta Rebelo genauso schön und groß wie der Basar von Lar gewesen sein soll. Dabei muß noch 1850 eine ganze Anzahl von Kara- vanserails in Djahrom existiert haben, Abbott nennt nicht weniger als sechs Stück für dieses Jahr, Kaempfer nennt ein großes Karavan- serail Shah Hossein", ebenso erwähnen Taver- nier, Chardin und Dupré mehrere Kara- vanserails in Djahrom, wobei auffällt, daß fast alle Reisenden darauf hinweisen, daß sich diese Bauten ein wenig westlich und aufßerhalb der eigentlichen Siedlung befinden. [Djahrom, which can be reached via the northern of the two possible routes at km 210, is still famous for its date production today, as it was in Safavid times, but nothing of the old core of the city and especially of the caravanserails has survived to this day. The disappearance of the old bazaar of Djahrom, which according to Orta Rebelo was just as beautiful and large as the bazaar of Lar, is particularly regrettable. In 1850, a large number of caravanserails must have existed in Djahrom; Abbott mentions no fewer than six for that year, Kaempfer mentions a large caravanserail "Shah Hossein", and Tavernier, Chardin and Dupré also mention several caravanserails in Djahrom, and it is striking that almost all travelers point out that these buildings are located a little to the west and outside the actual settlement.] » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lae-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ p. 297
SOURCE for Djahroum
« Je partis de Mouchek le vingt-et-unième de mars à deux heures du matin, et ayant marché jusqu'à huit par un pays plat et pierreux, j'arrivai à la petite ville de Djahroum, [I left Mouchek on the twenty-first of March at two o'clock in the morning, and having walked until eight through a flat and stony country, I arrived at the small town of Djahroum,] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 315
SOURCE for Djarom
« Djarom » in {map#1132 Abb. 1 Karte von Iranmit Eintragung der Routen und Karawanenbauten, , , #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~}
SOURCE for Djaroûn
« En tournant une montagne à droite, on découvre une forêt de palmiers, au milieu de laquelle est bâtie la ville de Djaroûn. Sur la pente de ce / mont est le tombeau d'un imam appelé Kha- demga. Plus loin nous laissons sur la gauche un grand caravansérail, à côté duquel est une vaste citerne, et le mausolée d'un autre saint / musulman nommé Cháh - Zadè - Hussein. Avant d'entrer dans la ville, on passe auprès de deux arches en briques, qui servent de digue contre le débordement des eaux. ... Elle avait éprouvé, dans la jour- née du 23 février, plusieurs secousses qui fi- nirent par l'écroulement de diverses maisons. La population peut être de quatre mille habi- tans, parmi lesquels on compte trente familles juives. Il y a quatre caravansérails et un petit bazard qui renferme une vingtaine de 'boutiques. [Turning a mountain to the right, we discover a forest of palm trees, in the middle of which is built the city of Djaroûn. On the slope of this / mountain is the tomb of an imam called Kha-demga. Further on we leave on the left a large caravanserai, next to which is a vast cistern, and the mausoleum of another / Muslim saint named Cháh - Zadè - Hussein. Before entering the city, we pass by two brick arches, which serve as a dike against the overflow of water. ... It had experienced, during the day of February 23, several tremors which ended with the collapse of various houses. The population may be four thousand inhabitants, among whom there are thirty Jewish families. There are four caravanserais and a small bazaar which contains about twenty shops.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 452
SOURCE for Djarroun
« et, un farsang après, Djarroun, petite ville avec un bazar et deux caravansérails, l'un en bon état, mais où il n'y avait pas de place, et l'autre en ruine, où il fallut cependant bien nous fourrer dans un coin, [and, a farsang later, Djarroun, a small town with a bazaar and two caravanserais, one in good condition, but where there was no room, and the other in ruins, where we nevertheless had to be stuffed into a corner,] » ##3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838., Librairie Encyclopédique De Roret, Paris, 1843 ~ pt.2 p. 523
SOURCE for Djarum (Djabrom)
« den 12. Dez. gereist zu dem berühmten Tamerfleck (Tamar oder Tamr ist die Dattelpalme) Djarum (Djabrom) 6 Farsach. [December 12th traveled to the famous Tamerfleck (Tamar or Tamr is the date palm) Djarum (Djabrom) 6 Farsach.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 114
SOURCE for Gaarrom
« The first of September in the morning, wee came to a Citie, called Gaarrom: and the same day, to a Casal, called Demonder, where standeth an high Columne alone. About Gaarrom is great store of Rice and Cotton wooll growing. And here the Sheepe have Lambs twice every yeere. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 461
SOURCE for Gahram
« Gahram VI C4 Gahrum Iran
CIte de la cIrconscnptIOn (kura) d' Ardasir Hurra 107, 134, 135, 139, 153, H 263,268,286,299 Hur 46, F 203 ' - Yaq II, 167, LS 254, Schw 103, DKI 173 »#2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 49
« Gahram (3) mit gleichnamiger Stadt (4), heute Jahrum. Von der Stadt selbst wird nichts berichtet, von den Einwohnern rühmt Ibn Haukal Wohlstand) und Istahri erzählt, daß sie vorwiegend der mutalizitischen Sekte angehörten). fn. 3) Hord. 46, 7; Fak. 203, 4 (at Idrisi, Janbert 391, Gühram!). fn. 4) Is 107, 5. 4 [Gahram (3) with the town of the same name (4), today Jahrum. Nothing is reported about the town itself, Ibn Haukal praises the inhabitants as being wealthy) and Istahri reports that they mainly belonged to the Mutalizite sect). fn. 3) Hord. 46, 7; Fak. 203, 4 (at Idrisi, Janbert 391, Gühram!). fn. 4) Is 107, 5. 4] » #1717 Schwarz, Paul, Iran im Mittelalter nach arabischen Geographen, O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, 1896 ~ p. 103
SOURCE for Gahrum
SOURCE for Gearon
« Il Sabato 25.partimmo a mezzodi per una comoda ſtrada; e dopo 10. ore fatte 30. miglia, per le quali paſſammo alcuni piccioli ruſcelli, giugnemmo nella Città di Gearon. Queſta Città ha più toſto ſembianza di foreſta, perche le fue cafe ſono ſparſe tra folti alberi di palme, che apportano non poca rendita coloro dat- tili, che ſono de' migliori della Perfia. [On Saturday the 25th we left at midday by a convenient route; and after 10 hours, having traveled 30 miles, over which we crossed some small streams, we reached the City of Gearon. This city has more of the appearance of a forest, because the trees are scattered among thick palm trees, which bring no small income from the palm trees, which are among the best in Persia.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p.267
SOURCE for Gerom
« for which, when we had traveil’d One and twenty Miles, we found at Gerom (1) a ready Medicine of the Butter of the Seed of Gourds made into an Ointment, which appeased the Inflammation by its cooling Virtue, and immediately asswaged' the Pain by Basting our selves herewith, being half Roasted. We refreshed our selves one entire Day at Geroniy where a small White Grape, without any Stone, was an excellent Cordial; fn. 1 Jahrum : the larrown of Herbert (129). "The little city of Jarron, which is rather to be called a Forrest of Palm-trees" (Tavernier, 252). The road is dangerous : "the steep mountain of Jarra, which is very high and very long : but the descent is the most dangerous that ever I saw in all my Travels" {Ibid. 252). Hedges {Diary, i, 206) speaks of "divers steep scraged Hills." The other route is also difficult (Wilson, 162). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 202
SOURCE for Giron
« barely got out of the way of the horses. When the mountains ended, I rested a little by a cistern, and after another one and a half hours I arrived at the caravanserai where they were. This was not a nice one, and it was located a pistol shot away from the city of Jahrom. (23)On the morning of the 16th I entered the city. It is located in a rather beautiful plain. fn. 23. Jahrom (Bembo's "Giron") was a major center of textile production. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 296
SOURCE for Gowaym
« Gowaym - Attestations: The mint signature GW/GWDMY is thought to be representative of the town of Gowaym in Fars (40). Although the location of the mint with this signature in Fars has been confirmed through die linkages, the question of its identification with Gowaym has not yet been proven. On the other hand, two localities with this name are located in Fars, one in Ardashir Khurrah, northeast of Shiraz, which is called Guyom today, and the other one in Darabgerd, now referred to as Jowaym. However, based upon its importance in the early Islamic period, as well as its location along the major caravan routes, Mochiri has suggested that the Jowaym of Darabgerd was the mint town with the GW signature (41).- Identification: The modern town of Jowaym (Jowaym of Darabgerd Khurrah) is located 69 km southeast of Jahrom (42). Remains of a Sasanian fire temple, pointing to the existence of a Sasanian settlement in this area, are located about 40-50 km from Jowaymnear the village of Fishur (43).
#2877 Negin Miri, Historical Geography of Fars during the Sasanian Period, e-Sasanika, 2009, 10: ~ p. 13
SOURCE for Guwaim
« Die Straße von Däräbegird nach Siräf führte über Guwaim ²). fn. 2) Muk. 454, 6. [The road from Däräbegird to Siräf led via Guwaim²). fn. 2) Muk. 454, 6.] » #1717 Schwarz, Paul, Iran im Mittelalter nach arabischen Geographen, O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, 1896 ~ p. 103
SOURCE for Isharum
« Isharum ist eine feine Stadt und Nahrs haffter Orth: deren Innwohner Behau funge seynd fast alle viereckig erbauet von denen in der Sonnenhik gebackenen Steis nen/ haben durchaus ihre Altanen: Jes de zu vier Seiten aufgeführte Mauer hat ein einziges Dach Loch [Isharum is a fine city and a peaceful place: the dwellings of the inhabitants are almost all built square from stones baked in the sun, and have their own balconies: each wall built on four sides has a single roof hole.] » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707 ~ pp. 263-4
« SCHILLINGER (1700) | Isharum LEBRUN (1705) | Jaron WILSON (1908) | Jahrum » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., original manuscript, Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, 1984 ~ table p. 14
SOURCE for Jaharan
« Les mêmes renseignements avaient apparemment été donnés aussi à Colvill, cet auteur écrivant à ce sujet:De Taherie il y a une très bonne route par la plaine de Gillodar (Gallehdar) menant à Chiraz en passant par le village de Jaharan (Djahrom). Une caravane met 8 ou 9 jours. [The same information had apparently been given to Colvill as well, this author writing on this subject:From Taherie there is a very good road through the plain of Gillodar (Gallehdar) leading to Shiraz by way of the village of Jaharan (Djahrom). A caravan takes 8 or 9 days.] » #3059 K Lindberg, Voyage dans le Sud de l'Iran : carnet de route d'un me´dicin, a` la poursuite du ver de Me´dine., C.W.K. Gleerup, Lund, 1955 ~ p. 239
SOURCE for Jahrom
SOURCE for Jahrum
« Jahrum » in {map#1182 1000k Maps of South Asia, Survey of India in the India and Adjacent Countries series, Sheet No 010 Persia Arabia and Turkey (1915)}
SOURCE for Jaram
« Partis au lever du jour //, nous y parvinmes bientôt. II y fait très frais. Il a donné son nom de Jaram à la montagne voisine. [Leaving at daybreak //, we soon reached there. It's very cool there. He gave his name Jaram to the neighboring mountain.] » #3268 Joaquim Verissimo Serrao, Un Voyageur Portugais en Perse au début du XVIIe siècle Nicolau De Orta Rebelo, Comité National Portugais, Lisbonne, 1972 ~ p. 113
SOURCE for Jaraon
« Desen wegh met backsteenen en keyen als ge- vloert ten eynde, ende 't dorp Jaraon (2)fn. 2 Djahrüm. De reeds aangehaalde reizigers zijn eenstemmig in hun lof omtrent dit stadje, welks huizen (Chardin telde er 350, Dupré be- groot het getal inwoners op 4000) ... [This road with backstones and keys as if laid at the end, and the village of Jaraon (2) fn. 2 Jahrum. The travelers already mentioned are unanimous in their praise of this town, whose houses (Chardin counted 350, Dupré estimated the population at 4000) ...] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 65
SOURCE for Jaron
« Le dix-neuvième, nous en partimes far le foir, pour nous rendre à Jaron, qui n'en eſt qu'à une lieuë,nous y arrivámes à 9. heures,allâmes à un Caravanserai proche de la ville, où nous trouvames un bon puits, couvert d'une eſpece de dôme de pierre. [On the nineteenth, we left at night to go to Jaron, which is only a league away. We arrived there at 9 o'clock, went to a Caravanserai near the town, where we found a good well, covered with a kind of stone dome.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ pp. 313-4
« Den 23. dito na 5 mylen in de Karrawaanfera.Den 24.dito na 5 mylen ruym in Jarôn. Mogag-zoekte. [The 23rd said on the 5th of March in Karrawaanfera.The 24th said on the 5th of March in Jarôn. Mogag-zoekte.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
SOURCE for Jaroon
« Drie broeders, van den Hertog van Lhaar, die te Jaroon woonden, quamien zyn Ed: wel een halve myl van die plaats inhaalen geleidden zyn Ed tot het Moors Tempeltje Sjaſada Hoſſein, en beſchonken hem net eenige, mondkoit. [Three brothers of the Duke of Lhaar, who lived at Jaroon, came to overtake his son: about half a mile from that place, they led his son to the Moorish temple of Shazada Hozain, and gave him some drink.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274
SOURCE for Jaroone
« Att 4 In the Evening the 24th Sett out for Jaroone, 5 farsangs: the first two farsangs bad stoney way till you come to a small caravensaroy with a tanck of water before it; the other 3 farsangs good smooth way. Jaroone is a large pleasant town full of Date trees; good caravensaroy, may have all things needfull for travellers.
Diary of 24 February 1707/8.
Jaroone. Jahrûm. The Dgiarum of Thévenot (pp. 128-9), the Jarron of Tavernier (p. 252), the Gerom of Fryer (II, 202), the Scharim of Struys (p. 342) and the Jarroon of Hedges (p. 206). Thévenot remarks on the "large Karvanseray" and the town "on all hands encompassed with gardens full of palm-trees, which there are so numerous and grow so near one another, that they make a great forrest." Struys says of "Scharim" that it stood in the middle of a grove "altogether of date-trees," and was "a town of consider- able traffic in cotton goods, "there being very many weavers." Hedges also found that "Jarroon affords plenty of all things for the use of a traveller in these parts." Le Bruyn who stayed at Jahrûm two days in 1705 (II, 66), has an illustration of the city, "which is very mean and looks more like a village, the houses being all built of earth, and separate from one another. I saw two or three poor little mosques, in which they were performing service. As this city is full of palm-trees, it looks at a distance like a wood. This, of all the trees in that country, is what is esteemed most, both for its beauty and the goodness of the fruit, which is the best in all Persia." » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 42 and 48
SOURCE for Jarron
« Le 28, je fis cinq lieues, la route étant, partie par des sentiers fort rudes, partie par un pays plain et uni, le long duquel on trouve plusieurs canaux profonds, et des ponts de pierre, pour passer des ruisseaux qui, dans l'hiver et au printemps, se grossissent si fort qu'on les prendroit pour des rivières. Ma traite se termina à Jarron, petite ville de trois cent cinquante maisons, [On the 28th, I traveled five leagues, the route being, part by very rough paths, part by a plain and level country, along which we find several deep canals, and stone bridges, to cross streams which, in the In winter and spring, they swell so much that they were mistaken for rivers. My trade ended in Jarron, a small town of three hundred and fifty houses,] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 464-5
SOURCE for Jehram
« MOGU BAY to SHIRAZ 12. JEHRAM | 180 | 219Six hours. The road is stony with some passes over hill ridges. Water is obtained from a spring led by a kanát or underground tunnel. Camp in an open desert near the village. All ordinary supplies of life obtainable. » #3334 Routes in Asia: Routes in Persia and Balochistan, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1878 ~ p. 389
SOURCE for Jehrum
« JEHRUM, vide JAHRUM. » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt. 1 p. 460
SOURCE for Jowaym
« Identification: The modern town of Jowaym (Jowaym of Darabgerd Khurrah) is located69 km southeast of Jahrom (42). Remains of a Sasanian fire temple, pointing to theexistence of a Sasanian settlement in this area, are located about 40-50 km from Jowaymnear the village of Fishur (43).
SOURCE for Scharim
« Struys called Jahrom a small town, without walls, located in a date grove. The town’s trade consisted of cotton textiles and there were many weavers. The bazaar was quite pleasant, where all kinds of Indian and Persian goods were for sale, while twice a week there was a market when farmers from the neighboring villages came to town. (92) fn. 92. Winninx, 18 July (Sjaron); Thevenot 1971, vol. 2, pp. 128-29 (Dgiaroun); Kaempfer 1968, p. 115 (Djarum); Valentijn 1726, vol. 5, p. 263 (Sjaron); Herbert 1929, p. 65 (Goyoom); Strauszens 1678, p. 193 (Scharim); KA 1793, f. 994 (Jharoen); Tavernier 1930, p. 315 (Djahroum); Chardin 1811, vol. 8, pp. 465-66 (Harron) and plate LXXVII with a map of the caravanserai of Jahrum; » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 273
« On the 6th of December we arrived / and in the afternoon we met a fellow named Stedelten/or Olek/Scharim/laying without any Red Light Districts/in the middle of a date forest. The trade of this Stebeken/and the few inhabitants of Handteeringe/contains most of the fabrics/being a star of Weavers there. It has a beautiful Bafar, or Markt, where one finds statues of merchandise with Indian and Persian handicrafts/fabrics/and precious items, except that there is a large influx of the passing Borren twice here. I stayed here for three hectic days / for us / and ours » #3243 Jan Janszoon Struys, Drie aanmerkelijke en seer rampspoedige Reysen, Meurs, 1677 ~ p. 356
« The seventh I passed by one of these Caravanseras, and got that day ten Leagues, taking up my quarters in the little City of Scharim, in the middle of a Forrest of Date-trees. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 4
SOURCE for Sharon
« Hier staan eenige huizen by, voorts is het al te maal klippig gebergte. Wy quamen in een plaats genaamd Sjaron, een vermakelyk geweit, vol dadelboomen, hebbende een zeer groote Karrawaniera; ook heb ik 'er op de geheele reize geen grooter gezien, als mede een groote Tank en water-put. Hier heeft men veel begraafplaatzen van groote Heeren. [There are a few houses here, furthermore it is a very rocky mountain range. We came to a place called Sjaron, a pleasant area full of date trees, having a very large Karrawaniera; nor have I seen a larger one during the entire journey, as well as a large tank and water well. There are many cemeteries of great lords here.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 264
SOURCE for Stadt Sharon
« 18 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361

R60-037 Barry
R60-037 Barry : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Beriz , Bizeh , Tireh , بریز ,
VARIANT names: Beeres , Behry , Beli , Berez , Beri , Beries , Beris , Beriz , Berre , Berrie , Berry , Bery , Bexim, Bechim , Bieries , Bihri , Biri , Biries , Biriis (Beriẞ) , Biris , Biris or Bizri , Biriz , Briz , Bury ,
SOURCE for Beeres
« and travelled to Beeres, a pretty large Towne, and a spacious Caravan-Sarai, the best I have yet seen on yo Road, except that at Larr. Very bad Water, but plenty of Provisions.August 15.-We rose from Beeres, »#3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 206
SOURCE for Behry
« Le caravanserai de Behry a été bâti, il y a cin- quante ans, par la mère d'un gouverneur de Laar, nominé Ahvez bec ou Havez bec (Ahvaz-beyg), et consacré à son nom. [The Behry caravanserai was built fifty years ago by the mother of a governor of Laar, named Ahvez bec or Havez bec (Ahvaz-beyg), and dedicated in her name] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 477
SOURCE for Beli
« Partimmo tardi da Benarù il Giovedì ultimo, e per malagevole ſtrada, così di piani, come di peſſime falite ce ſceſe di pietre, arriyammo dopo aver fatte 30. miglia in 11. ore, nel Cafale, e famoſo Karvanſerà di Beli. [We left Benarù late on the last Thursday, and along a difficult road, both flat and rocky, we arrived after having covered 30 miles in 11 hours, in the Cafale, and famous Karvanſerà di Beli.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 271
SOURCE for Berez
« MOGU BAY to SHIRAZ 8. BEREZ | 21 | 147 Seven hours. The road is over the open country generally, but a few passes over low ridges are met with. Water is procurable from wells and springs. Camp in an open desert. No supplies. » #3334 Routes in Asia: Routes in Persia and Balochistan, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1878 ~ p. 388
SOURCE for Beri
« 15 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ 385
« 14 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361
SOURCE for Beries
« Den 21. dito op 't vorige uur verreisde hy weder, en quam met den dag in Beries; [On the 21st of the same day, at the previous hour, he set out again, and arrived in Beries that same day;] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273
« Den 29. dito na 6 mylen rydens, in 't dorp Beries. [The 29th ditto after 6 miles drive, in the village of Beries.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
SOURCE for Beris
« [27th February]. About 5 sett out for Diacoo, 9 farsangs; the 1[st] farsang bad way, the other 2 good till you come to a Radeler house 3 farsangs more very bad way. Went over a great many mountains, goeing up hill and down till come to Beris about 1 in the morning. Beris is a very good caravensaroy and a good village; lay there till morning and went to Discoo, 3 farsangs more; good way, very good caravensaroy and good village.
note: Diary of 27 February 1707/8.
Beris, Biriz. The Bury of Fryer (II, 198 and n. 1), and the Bibri of Thévenot (Pt. II, 130), who had a similar experience of "very stormy way . up hill and down hill," but found the inn "a fair new built" structure, "one of the loveliest Karavanserays in all Persia." Le Bruyn also (II, 68) praises the inn at "Bieries," and the one in the "large handsome village" of "De-hakoe." » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 43 and 48
SOURCE for Beriz
[not to be confused with another Beriz NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3056064 coordinate: lat 27.8928 long 54.083 NIMA/GNS names: Bavaz , Beriz , Biriz 25.5kms bearing 254°. PBR]
« [margin: 11 of November] On the 11th of November, we left this spot and reached Beriz early in the morning. This was another small town like the one we had left behind, and we spent just one night ther »#2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 317
SOURCE for Berre
« (26) Berre [? sic) -6 farsakhs. A place with a fort in ruins. Two ab-anbars on the road. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 notes
« And this five and twentieth day at night lodged at a Casal, called Berre. And to the South of the Towne is an old Castle upon an high Mountaine. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 460
SOURCE for Berrie
« Here we picht in a prophets lodge lying by the waye side, whose name is Shohzoda [Shahzada], the townes nam is Berrie [Biriz], haueing traveled 5 or 6 lges. Here the water is good. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p. 82
SOURCE for Berry
« we mounted our melancholly Mules, and made our next Manzeel at Berry. Nothing was obfervable in the way, fave a huge thick wall, of great length and height, cut by infinite toyle out of the follid rock, to fafeguard the Larians from the Skyrazians, Larr in that place terminating. Berry is a ſmall Village; it promiſes much at diſtance, but when there,deludes the expectation: yet is it famous through the Perfian Territories » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 130
SOURCE for Bery
« Bij goeden tret quamen al voormiddagh naer niet min als drie mijlen rijdens in Bery (2), een slegt dorp, maer vrij aansienelijk om de carewansera, weynigh jaren verlede daar door den Lhaersen gouverneur 72 pas- sen in de lengte, 79 dito in de breete, weersijts met een stallingh 10 treden wijt, van binnen een ruym viercant pleyn, rontsom met 24 moeye camerkens en aan de ingangh off in de poorte mede twee affgeslote camerkens, in welker eene den Edele Heer Cunaeus logys nam, [If the weather was good, I arrived early this afternoon, not less than three miles away, in Bery (2), a poor village, but quite significant for the carewansera, some years ago the governor of Lhaersen built it there 72 paces in length, 79 ditto in the width, again with a shed 10 steps away, inside a spacious square square, round with 24 large cafeterias and at the entrance to the gate also two closed cafeterias, in which the Noble Lord Cunaeus took refuge,] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 56
SOURCE for Bexim, Bechim
« au quart de l'aube, pour aller nous restaurer dans un autre appelé Bexim.Il est grand, avec de belles maisons, quoiqu'elles soient en torchis. [at quarter to dawn, to go and eat in another called Bexim. It is large, with beautiful houses, although they are made of cob.] » #3268 Joaquim Verissimo Serrao, Un Voyageur Portugais en Perse au début du XVIIe siècle Nicolau De Orta Rebelo, Comité National Portugais, Lisbonne, 1972 ~ p. 111
SOURCE for Bieries
« nous pourfuivimes notre chemin le vingt-fixieme, une heure avant le coucher du foleil, par des montagnes pierreulesde méchans chemins,arrivåmes à une heure du matin au Caravanseras de Bieries dans la plaine, après une traite de 5. licues. C'est un grandbel édifice de pierre, [We continued our journey on the twenty-fifth, an hour before sunset, through stony mountains of steep paths, arriving at one o'clock in the morning at the Caravanseras of Bieries in the plain, after a journey of 5 licues. It is a large beautiful stone building,] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 316
SOURCE for Bihri
« we arrived at a great Village called Bihri, where many Palms and Tamarisk-Trees grow: there are ſeveral Ciſerns there, but the water of them is full of Worms, and therefore one must be careful to ſtrain it through a Cloath, We Lodged in a fair new built Kervanʃeray in that Village, this is one of the lovlieſt Kervanʃerays in all Perfia, not only for the ſolidity of the Fabrick, being built of rough Stone and hard Flint, but alſo for its neat Portal, large ſquare Court, many fpacious Rooms, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 130
« Le vingt-sixième, je partis à une heure après minuit, et marchai jusques à neuf heures du matin, en partie dans la plaine et en partie entre les montagnes, dans lesquelles je vis une vieille tour qui était pour garder le passage. Je demeurai à Bihri, petite ville bâtie au coin d'une plaine qui aboutit à une haute montagne. Le carvansera est neuf et bâti assez magnifiquement par la mère d'Aimas, kan de Lar, le grand Cha-Abas ayant pris ce pays-là sur les Guèbres qu'il contraignit de se faire maho- métans. Ce fut dans ce même carvansera que Monsieur Thévenot, l'un des plus illustres voyageurs de notre siècle', se blessa fort dangereu- sement, un de ses pistolets qu'il avait demandés à son valet pour les mettre auprès de lui sur le matelas où il était couché, s'étant malheu- reusement lâché et lui ayant percé la cuisse, de quoi il fut presque en termes de mourir. [On the twenty-sixth, I set out at one o'clock after midnight, and walked until nine o'clock in the morning, partly in the plain and partly between the mountains, in which I saw an old tower which was to guard the passage. I stayed in Bihri, a small town built on the corner of a plain which leads to a high mountain. The carvansera is new and built quite magnificently by the mother of Aimas, kan of Lar, the great Cha-Abas having taken that country from the Guèbres whom he forced to become Mohammedans. It was in this same carvansera that Monsieur Thévenot, one of the most illustrious travelers of our century, seriously injured himself, one of his pistols which he had asked his valet to place near him on the mattress. where he was lying, having unfortunately let go and pierced his thigh, from which he almost died.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ pp. 316-7
SOURCE for Biri
« Il venerdi, forse due ore innanzi giorno, avendo camminato sola- mente da due leghe, scaricammo a prender riposo vicino ad un caravanserai che chiamano della campagna di Biri, perchè poco lontano di là sta la villa Biri, abitata [On Friday, perhaps two hours before the day, having walked only two leagues, we unloaded to take a rest near a caravanserai which they call Biri countryside] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 384
« On the 11th we traveled from the 22nd hour until the 2nd hour of the night and lodged in the caravanserai Beriz, bigger than the others, with several little towers around it. The arches inside were open from top to bot tom, and each arch corresponded to a room. There were staircases in the four corners to go up to the terrace.(20) fn. 20. Bembo calls it "Biri." Beriz is 19 km northwest of Lar. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 294
SOURCE for Biries
« Den 17. dito reden wy over veel gebergte van kley en key-fteenen, quamen in een ſchoone Valey, en trokken door een groot dorp, Biries genaamd. In 't inkomen zag men een vierkante gemetzelde pilaar laan, zynde ontrent voeten hoog, alwaar voor eenigen tyd een per- zoon levendig is ingemetzeld. Hier ftaat ook een cierlyke Piramide, zynde eeu grafitede, daar onder een ſchoone kapel, met Tapyten belegd, is, in welke ook eenige lampen brandden, en werd daar dagelyks voor de verltorvenen gebeden. Hier is een koftelyke nieuwe Karrawan- fera met veel overdekte water-tankken en putten. Regt voor de Karrawanfera ftaat een uitstekende fchoone verwelfde watertank, zynde wel 100 voeten over 't Kruis, en 300 voeten in 't rond. Dit is een van de opmerkens weerdigite metzelwerken, die ik in Meden Perien heb gezien, hebbende 4 bebe en Konink- lyke ruime poorten of ingangen om water te ſcheppen. Men heeft hier veel begraaf-fteden en eenig geboomte. [On the 17th we rode over many mountains of Kley and Keyfteene, came to a beautiful Valley, and passed through a large village called Biries. In the entrance one saw a square brick pillar avenue, about feet high, where a person was lively bricked in for some time. Here is also a beautiful Pyramid, made of graphite, under which there is a beautiful chapel, covered with Tapytes, in which some lamps were also burning, where prayers were said daily for the deceased. Here is a cool new Karrawanfera with many covered water tanks and wells. In front of the Karrawanfera there is an excellent beautiful arched water tank, about 100 feet above the Cross, and 300 feet around. This is one of the most remarkable stoneworks I have seen in Meden Perien, having 4 bebe and royal spacious gates or entrances for creating water. There are many burial places and some trees here.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 2 pp. 264-5
SOURCE for Biriis (Beriẞ)
« den 18. Dez. 1685 vor Sonnenaufgang bis zu dem großen Dorfe Biriis (Beriẞ) 5 Farsach. [December 18, 1685 before sunrise to the large village of Biriis (Beriẞ) 5 Farsach.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 118
SOURCE for Biris
« The fine serai and little hamlet of Biris, with blue domed mosque close by, stands at the edge of a narrow flat; plain, some 10 miles long east and west, and 2 miles broad. »#1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.), 31:2:152-69 ~ p. 160
« On découvre le village de Biris, quelque temps avant d'y arriver (1). Un fort situé sur une éminence, regarde l'entrée de la vallée qui se dirige de l'O. à l'E., et qu'ildomine. Les murailles, et quelques tours quiles flanquaient, existent encore. Une ving-taine de familles seulement habitent ce lieu,et donnent au gouverneur de Lår les deuxtiers de leurs récoltes.Biris renferme beaucoup de citernes, un immense caravansérail, et deux mausolées nouvellement construits. fn. 1 Il m'a semble que de Deh-ak-kou à Biris, nous n'avions pas marché autant à l'E., que le marque la carte de d'Anville. [We discover the village of Biris, some time before arriving there (1). A fort located on an eminence, looks at the entrance to the valley which runs from the W. to the E., and which it dominates. The walls, and some towers which flanked them, still exist. Only about twenty families live there, and give the governor of Lår two-thirds of their harvests. Biris contains many cisterns, an immense caravanserai, and two newly built mausoleums. fn. 1 It seemed to me that from Deh-ak-kou to Biris, we had not walked as far to the E., as d'Anville's map shows.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 446-7
SOURCE for Biris or Bizri
« Nous traversâmes ensuite une autre montagne et une autre plaine où est situé Biris ou Bizri, petit village ruiné, avec un vaste caravansérail, bâti par Chah-Abbas [We then crossed another mountain and another plain where Biris or Bizri is located, a small ruined village, with a vast caravanserai, built by Shah-Abbas] » ##3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838., Librairie Encyclopédique De Roret, Paris, 1843 ~ pt.2 p. 528
SOURCE for Biriz
« Biriz has a sarai, shrine, and three cisterns, one of which had an abundance of good water at this time. Firewood and grazing practically nil. Supplies nil. Large open plain for camping ground. Locusts have eaten up all crops in this district. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 192
SOURCE for Briz
« Persian text omitted. [When they leave from Dehko, they go to Sharfu, it is six miles away. When they went three farsakhs, they reached the village of Briz. There are several valleys without water on the road. In the village of Briz, there are eight ponds and a fort, and there are not many houses, houses, and wells.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 583
SOURCE for Bury
« Hence to Bury (1) metes out Twelve Miles more, where the best Caravan Ser Raw is on all the Road, it being not only well Adorned with White facing Stone, but is both a Large and Convenient, as well as Stately Fabrick.
Hard by this is a Peor, or Burying-place of one of their Prophets, being a goodly Monument, with an Arabick School Founded in his Honour, and Endowed with a good Pension for to maintain the Devotion of their Priests. fn. 1 Biris, about 15 miles as the crow flies N.W. of Lar, the Berry of Herbert (130). "I stand at Bihry, a little City seated upon a plain, that borders upon a high mountain. The Inn is new and very mag- nificently built by the mother of Aimas, Kan of Lar, when the great Sha-Abbas took the country from the Gaures, whom he constrain'd to turn Mahumetans" (Tavernier, 252 f.). Hedges (Diary, i, 206) calls it Beeres, and praises the "spacious Caravan-Sarai, the best I have seen on y Road, except that at Larr." » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 198

R60-039 Laar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Lar , Larestan , Shahr-e Qadim-e Lar , شهر قدیم لار , لار ,
VARIANT names: Laar , Laer , Lar , Lara , Larr , Lhaar , Lhor ,
SOURCE for Laar
« et après m'être remis enchemin, et avoir passé bien des caravanserais,de petites citernes, des canaux d'eau souterrains,quantité de masures et de ruines d'édifices, cnapprochant de la ville de Laar, j'y entrai sur lesonze heures du matin, [and after getting back on my way, and having passed many caravans, small cisterns, underground water channels, a number of hovels and ruins of buildings, approaching the town of Laar, I entered it on eleven o'clock in the morning,] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 479
« Le 27, j'arrivai à Laar, au point du jour, car on ne me portoit que de nuit, à cause de la chaleur; [On the 27th, I arrived at Laar, at daybreak, because they only took me at night, because of the heat;] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 80
« The tenth I had very ill way along the mountain: I preferred this before another fairer way, which I might have taken by the Plains, but more about by four Leagues: Late at night I came to the City of Laar. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 4
SOURCE for Laer
« Le chemin delà juſques à Laer eft rempli de maifons de campagnede jardins. Nous traverfämes cette villeallåmes loger de l'autre côté, après une traite de 4. lieuës [The path beyond to Laer is filled with country houses and gardens. We crossed this town and went to stay on the other side, after a journey of 4 leagues] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 316
« 15 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 385
« Laer (Lar) for each carga half a mahmudi for rahdāri, in the case of silk one mahmūdi. If nothing has been paid in Küristan tolls have to be paid here. » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321
SOURCE for Lar
« The invasion of Persia by the Afghans in 1721-22 was accompanied by an incursion of Baluchis from Makran into Kirman and Lar, where they committed serious depredations. In November 1721 the Baluchi hordes attacked the town of Lar, and in particular a caravansarai occupied by twelve Dutchmen who were escorting treasure of the Dutch East India Company; but the Hollanders beat off the attack with great loss to their assailants and with none to themselves, and subsequently, having removed into the Lår fort, defended that also with success. » #660 Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1915, ~ vol. 1 pt. 1 p. 63
« In a detailed article published in 1979,1 Heinz Gaube made an important contribution to our knowledge of the various stages of the important trade route which connected Bandar `Abbas with Lar, and onwards with Shiraz and Isfahan. In addition, Gaube gave us detailed information on the three types of khans or caravanserais which provided the traveler with shelter and often with food and fodder supplies on this route. By comparing the description of this trade route by Wilson in 1907 with those of some seventeenth century travelers Gaube concluded that very little had changed in 300 years. He » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 251
« 23rd March, Lar, 6 farsakhs ; 6.30 a.m. to
2 p.m. The Iwaz plain is twenty miles long, and little more than a mile wide. ... Lar has a garrison of thirty artillerymen, with six guns. The guns were stowed in the verandah of the Bagh-i- Nishat, so I had opportunities of inspecting them. They are one 12-pounder, one 9-pounder, and four 6-pounders ; all bronze guns. Four were cast in Tabriz, and two in Enzeli by a Tabriz workman. ... Lar has trade with Bombay through the three ports of Linga, Bandar Abbas, and Tahiri. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ vol. 1 p. 132 and 141-2
« [fol. 204r] The city of Lār, the capital of Carmania Deserta, is most ancient and is greatly esteemed by all the local Arabs. It is situated at the end of a large plain where the mountains, which run continously to this point, withdraw on both sides, and the terrain flattens out and opens up, creating an area more than three leagues wide. The mountains draw closer together again a little way past the city, creating a narrow pass or gorge through which the road leads to Shirāz. Lār is a little smaller than Hormuz, though its streets are not quite as narrow, nor are the houses as nicely built. The houses of Lār all have mud walls, plastered on the inside with that mud mixed with small bits of straw that was mentioned in the description of the fortress of Bandel. »#2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 304
« Della Valle succumbed to the same fever, sensibly decided to leave the wretched Minab and somehow, in a state of semi-consciousness, survived the long, agonizing journey to Lar, an old town on the main route from Gamrf to Shiraz and a summer retreat for the coastal towns.(47) There he remained from January to June 1622, slowly recovering, readjusting his life and finding the determination to continue his travels. fn. 47 For Lår, its earlier history, contemporary seventeenth century accounts and an excellent bibliography, see Jean Calmard, Lär, Laristan', Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.), v, 665-76; Jacqueline Calmard, Les routes de Chiraz au Golfe Persique vues par les voyageurs européens (1640-1720), Paris, 1978; J. Aubin, Références pour Lar médiévale', Journal Asiatique, CCXLIII, 1955, 491-505. » #3215 J. D. Gurney, Pietro della Valle: The Limits of Perception, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, Vol. 49:No. 1,:pp. 103-116 ~ p. 111
« Im Jahre 1960 erschütterte ein schweres Erdbeben die Altstadt von Lar und ver- nichtete oder beschädigte zahlreiche historische Bauten. Die Stadt wurde an anderer Stelle etwa sechs Kilometer südlich wieder aufgebaut, das eigentliche Zentrum bildet aber die heute wieder instandgesetzte Altstadt mit der Bezeichnung Shahr-e qadim. Das Ortsbild von Lar läßt heute nur noch teilweise den mittelalterlichen oder safavidi- schen Zustand erkennen. [In 1960, a severe earthquake shook the old town of Lar and destroyed or damaged numerous historical buildings. The city was rebuilt at another location about six kilometers south, forming the actual center but the old town, which has been restored today and is called Shahr-e qadim. The townscape of Lar today only partially shows its medieval or Safavid condition.] » #3205 R. Pohanka, The historical buildings of the city of Lar., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1983 vol. 16:pp. 347-48. ~ p.327
« Il n'y a que deux carvanseras à Lar, l'un dans la ville qui n'est pas trop bon, et l'autre au bout de la ville, du côté d'Ormus, qui serait assez commode, n'était qu'il se remplit d'eau quand les grandes pluies viennent à tomber, et il faut attendre quelquefois des jours entiers que les eaux soient écoulées. [There are only two carvanseras in Lar, one in the town which is not too good, and the other at the end of town, on the Ormus side, which would be quite convenient, was only It fills with water when the heavy rains fall, and you sometimes have to wait for whole days for the water to drain.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ pp. 317-8
« Après l'avoir passé, nous arrivons enfin à Lâr, où nous descendons chez le gouverneur, qui nous avait fait préparer un logement dans son palais. [After passing it, we finally arrive at Lâr, where we stay at the governor's, who had prepared accommodation for us in his palace.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 433
« And from Tarum I journeyed to Lar (27), and from Lar to Bandar fn. 25 Kashan, Nain, Sirjan and Tarum, Iranian towns. fn. 26 Batman, a weight varying locally.fn. 27 Lar, a town in southern Iran. Nikitin visited it twice. » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109
« Retornando su la riva preditta a l'incontro de Ormuos se ritrova una terra chiamata Lar; 323) è terra grossa e bona; fa fogi .2000.; è mercadantesca e di passo, imperhochè quelli che vanno e vengono per questo colpho sempre danno di capo a questa terra. fn. 323. Lär è oggi, come ai tempi del Barbaro, la principale città dell'omonimo distretto del Fürs. Sorgeva su una delle strade carovaniere che congiungevano Shiraz con Hurmuz e in tempi più recenti con Bandar-Abbas. Il mercante e viaggiatore russo Afanasii Nikitin la visitò nel 1469, e poi di nuovo nel 1472, ma ha poco da raccontarne. Pietro della Valle soggiorno qualche tempo Lar al principio del 1622; cfr. i suoi Viaggi, ed. Torino (Brighton), 1843, III, pp. 301-326 0 332336. Per una breve descrizione della città, ed una incisione che ne mostra una parte, cfr. C. DE BRUYN, Travels into Muscovy, Persia and Part of the East-Indies, cit., II, p. 69. (Lo.) [Returning to the aforementioned shore at the meeting of Ormuos, one finds a land called Lar; 323) it is large and good land; it has 2000 leaves; it is a merchant and a transit land, because those who come and go by this river always end up at this land. fn. 323. Lär is today, as in the time of Barbaro, the principal city of the homonymous district of the Fürs. It arose on one of the caravan routes that connected Shiraz with Hurmuz and in more recent times with Bandar-Abbas. The Russian merchant and traveler Afanasii Nikitin visited it in 1469, and then again in 1472, but has little to say about it. Pietro della Valle stayed for some time in Lar at the beginning of 1622; cf. his Travels, ed. Turin (Brighton), 1843, III, pp. 301-326 0 332336. For a brief description of the city, and an engraving showing part of it, see C. DE BRUYN, Travels into Muscovy, Persia and Part of the East-Indies, cit., II, p. 69. (Lo.)] » #3310 Lockhart,L. Morozzo Della Rocca,R. Tiepolo,M.F., I viaggi in Persia degli ambasciatori veneti Barbaro e Contarini, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 1973 ~ p. 148
« From there we continued our march for three days through [another] desert like the former, and came to the city of Lar, a large city with many springs and perennial streams and gardens, and with fine bazaars. (133) We stayed there in the hospice of the ascetic shaikh Abū Dulaf Muhammad (134) he was the person that we had in mind to visit at Khunju Pal.fn. 131764 This is the earliest mention of a town of Lar; the contemporary Persian geographer Mustawff (138) mentions Lär only as a district near the seacoast (adding, strangely, 'Its population are Muslims'), but twice men- tions the town of Laghir, on the main road to Shiraz, twelve farsakhs north- west of Khunj (176, n. 2).fn. 134 Not identified » #357 Ibn Baṭu¯ṭah, Muh?ammad ibn ʿAbd Alla¯h, The Travels of Ibn Battuta translated with revisions and notes, from the Arabic text edited by C. Defre´mery and B. R. Sanguinetti, by H. A. R. Gibb., Hakluyt Society:Munshiram Manohardal Publishers Pvt Ltd, Cambridge:New Delhi, 1958- :1993, ~ vol. 2 p. 405
SOURCE for Lara
« Per monti e ſaſſi dirupati cammi nammo 7. ore il Sabato 2. ed a fine di 20-miglia giugnemmo in Lara Città capitale del Regno di tal nome. [We walked for 7 hours on Saturday 2nd through mountains and steep cliffs and at the end of 20 miles we reached Lara, the capital city of the Kingdom of that name.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 272
« Nous n'entråmes donc à Lara que le lendemain matin, et y trouvámes quatre Portugais résidents, qui attendaient là avec leurs marchandises de pouvoir se rendre à Ormuz. En effet, si l'on pouvait venir d'Ormuz en Perse, la route était coupée dans l'autre sens en raison de la guerre entre le Sofi et le roi d'Ormuz. [We therefore only entered Lara the next morning, and found there four Portuguese residents, who were waiting there with their goods to be able to go to Ormuz. Indeed, if one could come from Hormuz to Persia, the road was cut in the other direction due to the war between the Sofi and the king of Hormuz.] » #3268 Joaquim Verissimo Serrao, Un Voyageur Portugais en Perse au début du XVIIe siècle Nicolau De Orta Rebelo, Comité National Portugais, Lisbonne, 1972 ~ p. 103
« From here they set out, and on their journeys they went to the city of Lara, » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 250
SOURCE for Larr
« we sett forward and came to the citie of Larr [Lar] , where we were curteously entertayned by the darago, and a howse apoynted for vs to ly in, wth our provissions according to the quanti tie of the formaund sent in for three dayes together. Here we picht, hauing traveled 5 1ges. of a resonable waye but somthing stonie. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ pp. 82-3
« [28th February]. About 4 afternoon sett out for Larr, 5 farsangs; the first two very good way till come to Picataw, a good caravensaroy lyeing at the foot of a great mountain which must clime over to goe the other three farsangs to Laar. Stoney way.
note:Diary of 28 February 1707/8.
Laar. Lâr. Here again where one would expect a description of the city, Scattergood passes it over without remark. See Fryer (II, 190) and Le Bruyn (II, 69), who has an illustration of "Laer." » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 43 and 49
SOURCE for Lhaar
« (die uyt Chiras, om met sijn wijn- caffila naer Bandhaar Gamron te verreysen twee dagen voorleden in Lhaar gecomen was [(who had arrived in Lhaar from Chiras two days before with his wine caffila to go to Bandhaar Gamron] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 45
« Deze ftad Lhaar legt op en tufſchen het gebergte, is tamelyk bebouwd, en vertoond zig door 't geboomte zeer vermakelyk. Het Kasteel legt op een berg, en is vry groot. De Wazier woond op een andren berg in cen treffelyk gebouw. Hier heeft men een uitnemende fchoone Balaar, of markt, met zeer nette gewelfzelen overdekt. Hier zyn ook veel Jooden. [This town of Lhaar lies on top of the mountains, is fairly built up, and is very attractive because of the trees. The Castle is located on a mountain, and is quite large. De Wazier lived on another mountain in a beautiful building. Here there is an excellent beautiful Balaar, or market, covered with very neat vaults. There are also many Jews here.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 265
« Den 20. dito ten 2 uuren des 's nagts uyt Lhaar vertrokken zynde: quam zyn Ed: ten 7 uuren in het dorp Dehikoe [On the 20th of the same day, having left Lhaar at 2 o'clock in the morning, his Ed arrived at the village of Dehikoe at 7 o'clock.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273
« Den 31. dito na 4 mylen dito ontrent 1 myl van Lhaar, bezoekende ondertufichen malkandren over en weder. [The 31st ditto after 4 miles ditto about 1 mile from Lhaar, meanwhile visiting each other.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
SOURCE for Lhor
« Lhor is a City of an Ancient Date, and still retains its Name, which for that it was so guarded by Nature that it could not easily be conquered, held many Ages the Majesty of a Kingdom; but now it is governed by a Puritanical Caun (for that he has visited Ma/iomefs Tomb) under the Persian Emperor » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 191

R60-040a Farate
R60-040a Farate : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Harmood , Hormoz , Hormud , Hormud-e Mehr Khu'i , Hormud-e Mehr Khuyeh , Hormud-e Mir Khu , Hormud-e Mir Khund , Hormud-e Mir Khuneh , Hormuz , حرمود میر خو , هرمود مهر خوئی ,
VARIANT names: Choeremoet , Churmoot , Cormoot , Cromu , Germoet , Germouth , Goermoet , Gormoedt , Gormoet , Gormouth (Khormout) , Hhormont , Hormout (Hurmut) , Hormouz- Sefit-Boun , Hormud , Hormud-e Mir Khund , Hormūd-e Mirkhoyi , Hormuus , Hormux , Hormuz , Horum , Karavanserail Hormud-e Abbasi , Khurma , Kormout , Kormur , Whormoot , Whorwoote ,
SOURCE for Choeremoet
« Den 23. dito trokken wy voorby twee eenzame Manſels, ieder 2 Karrawanſera's en water-tangen hebbende, d'eene Bahadini, en d'andere Sjek Sjek genaamd; reden over klippig gebergte, en zyn by een vermakelyk geboomte en dorp gekomen. Hier zyn 2 Karwanſera's, dog klein, en eenige tankken; dog flegt water. Deze Mantel werd Choeremoet genaamd. [On the 23rd day we passed by two lonely Manſels, each having 2 Karrawanſeras and water-tongs, one called Bahadini, and the other Shek Shek; drove over cliffy mountains, and came to a pleasant tree and village. Here are 2 Karwanſeras, both small, and some tanks; dog throws water. This Cloak was called Choeremoet.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 266
SOURCE for Churmoot
« 14 The 14th daye being Sundaye we came to Churmoot [Hormuz), (3) a litl fine towne lying in a groue of date trees. Here we picht in a caravansero lying wthin a bowshott from the towne,haueing traveled 6 lges. of stonie waye. This daye we came over a high craggi hill. Here is good tanck water. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 83
SOURCE for Cormoot
« Thus far we came directly in a Line; now we wander to and again in the Meanders of the Barren Hills, with indefatigable Industry, till we descend into a large Plain, at the End whereof Sham Zangee (1) an Abassin, had built an old Caravan, Twenty Miles from Cormoot; where we met a Caphala of light Asses going for the Port; and here we were obliged to change more of our Camels, they being quite tired. fn. 1 Shamsangl. "I lodg’d at a little Inn call’d Shamzenghi. It is low, built like a Cross, with four doors to receive the cool winds every way” (Tavernier, 254). For the route, see Wilson, op. cit. 158. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 pp 189-90
« March the 2d. At 4 afternoon sett out for Cormoot, 7 farsangs; the 1st farsang a little stoney, 4 ore good way till come to a Radeler house at the foot of a mountain which we must pass, being one farsang bad way; the last farsang good way. Cormoot is a large village with abundance of Date trees; may have your horse shod and anything else fitt for Travellers.
Note: Diary of 2 March 1707/8.
Cormoot. Hormuz. Le Bruyn (II, 70 and 134) calls it Gormoet and Germoet, and he has an illustration of the inn. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 43 and 49
SOURCE for Cromu
SOURCE for Germoet
« quamen ongeveer naer ses grote mijlen rijdens 'savonts tusschen 10 à 11 uuren met 'tondergaan der mane in de carewansera aan 't dorp Germoet (1) te rusten.fn. 1 Hormuz (Simla kaart). De karavaanweg van Bender-Congo (Kung)naar Lar vereenigt zich hier met dien van Bender-Abbas. Thans wordtLingah (nabij Kung gelegen) door dezen weg bediend. De afleiding lagergegeven van Gorma (khurma dadel) komt ook voor bij Fryer, Char-din, Thévenot (Hormont), De Bruyn en Tomaschek, en heeft wel haaroorsprong in de aanwezigheid van een aantal dadelpalmen. [After about six miles of riding, we came to rest in the carewansera at the village of Germoet (1) between 10 and 11 o'clock in the evening when the moon was going down.fn. 1 Hormuz (Simla card). The caravan road from Bender-Congo (Kung) to Lar joins here with that from Bender-Abbas. Currently Lingah (located near Kung) is served by this road. The lower derivation of Gorma (khurma date) also occurs in Fryer, Chardin, Thévenot (Hormont), De Bruyn and Tomaschek, and does have its origin in the presence of a number of date palms.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 42
SOURCE for Germouth
«095 (km) Germouth (Chardin) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46
[see source « Gormouth (Khormout) » belowof alternate Chardin spelling. PBR]
SOURCE for Goermoet
« Den 12. dito vertrek zyn Ed: weder op 't vorige uur desnachts, trok voorby Tangadoelon, quam ontrent half negen in Goermoet, [On the 12th his Ed left: again at the previous hour at night, passed Tangadoelon, arrived at Goermoet about half past eight,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273
« Den 6. dito na 4 mylen ruim rydens, in 't dorp Goermoet, en na nog een myl, 's middags in de Karrawaanſera Borka Aga Sjouwmaat. [On the 6th, after 4 miles, in the village of Goermoet, and after another mile, in the afternoon in the Karrawaanſera Borka Aga Sjouwmaat.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
SOURCE for Gormoedt
« 19 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 385
SOURCE for Gormoet
« Nous paſſames enfuite des montagnes et des rochers, et arrivámes à une heure du matin au Caravanʃerai de Gormoet; après une traite de 5. lieuës. [We passed mountains and rocks, and arrived at one o'clock in the morning at the Caravan'erai of Gormoet; after a milking of 5 leagues.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 318
SOURCE for Gormouth (Khormout)
« La traite aboutit à un grand village, qu'on nomme Gormouth (Khormout), si grand qu'il occupe bien une demi-lieue de terrain avec ses jardins, quiconsistent en unamas de dattiers; et c'est la raison de sa dénomination, qui vient de gormah (Khormá), qui signifie datte (*).
fn. (*) Nakhl. Ce mot arabe signifie palmier, dattier, Phoenix dac- tylifera, Linn. Voyez les détails les plus circonstanciés sur la culture du dattier, et la récolte et l'usage de ses fruits, dans les Amænita- fes exotica, pag. 661-754; et dans un fragment très-curieux de la Cosmographie d'Ebn al-odardy, pag. 41-73, des Dissertationes ad saeras litteras et philologiam orient, spectantes, d'Aurivillius, un vol. fn-8. (L.)
[The path leads to a large village, called Gormouth (Khormout), so large that it occupies half a league of land with its gardens, which consist of a pile of date palms; and this is the reason for its name, which comes from gormah (Khormá), which means date (*).
fn. (*) Nakhl. This Arabic word means palm, date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, Linn. See the most detailed details on the cultivation of the date palm, and the harvest and use of its fruits, in the Amænitafes exotica, pag. 661-754; and in a very curious fragment of the Cosmography of Ebn al-odardy, pag. 41-73, from Dissertationes ad saeras litteras et philologiam orient, spectantes, by Aurivillius, a vol. fn-8. (L.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p.488
SOURCE for Hhormont
«095 (km) Hhormont (Thévenot) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46
SOURCE for Hormout (Hurmut)
« Hormout (Hurmut) for each carga four qäzbekis for gūshi, but with a small present one may have to pay only a quarter or at a maximum half of this amount. » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321
SOURCE for Hormouz- Sefit-Boun
« Nous arrivons à deux heures à Hormouz- Sefit-Boun (1), village environné de murs flan- qués de tours. Nous obtinmes un logement; mais on ne voulut rien nous fournir. Ce vil- lage, autrefois considérable, n'est aujourd'hui composé que de dix familles qui sont venues s'y établir depuis quatorze mois seulement. [We arrive at two o'clock at Hormouz-Sefit-Boun (1), a village surrounded by walls flanked by towers. We obtained lodging; but they would not provide us with anything. This village, formerly considerable, is today composed of only ten families who have come to settle there for only fourteen months.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 429
SOURCE for Hormud
« A little farther on from that point, Hormud appeared; this is where we had planned on stopping for the day. Shortly before entering the city, we were greeted by its governor and five or six other Persians who accompanied the Ambassador to a [margin: small] tent that his servants had pitched in a palm orchard next to the town. This place was more beautiful than any other we had seen thus far: the ground was covered with thick, green grass, and it was nestled among a great number of palms that were laden with the most beautiful dates imaginable. ... The Ambassador [fol. 221r] was also regaled with wine and fruit, including great bunches of dates that were as big and tasty as the ones from Fārs. The dates from Jahrom and from this small town of Hormu are generally praised and prized more than any others. Just as the Ambassador was about to dine, there arrived a dervish or hermit that lived by himself in a nearby hermitage, and who was considered by all the Persians to be a holy man. »#2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 328
SOURCE for Hormud-e Mir Khund
SOURCE for Hormūd-e Mirkhoyi
« The caravan then arrived at another caravanserai that was near a village of seventy shacks that had been badly constructed out of mud walls, but its location was pleasant and beautiful, surrounded by many palm and other kinds of trees that were green and leafy, notwithstanding it was so late in the fall. This village is called Hormūd (26) because of the great abundance of its dates.
fn. 26 Hormūd-e Mirkhoyi; Silva y Figueroa may be correct in his translation of the Persian word for date palm. »
#2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 300
SOURCE for Hormuus
SOURCE for Hormux
« Hormux » in {map#1243 in #3222 Frederic Goldsmid, Lieutenant H. B. Vaughan's Recent Journey in Eastern Persia, Proceedings of the royal geographical society, London, Vol. 12:No. 10:pp. 577-595 ~ fig. Lieut. Vaughan's Route Journey through Central Persia}
SOURCE for Hormuz
«095 (km) Hormuz (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46
« Of Hormuz itself we are told the ruins around it must once have been a much larger place. The hills on its north side contain sulphur and large quantities iron. "Ibex wild sheep, partridges, and sand-grouse abound." Owing to the reports of conflict between the Arabs and Persians Darab, and the consequent insecurity for travellers, the first three days of the new year were spent at Hormuz. » #3222 Frederic Goldsmid, Lieutenant H. B. Vaughan's Recent Journey in Eastern Persia, Proceedings of the royal geographical society, London, Vol. 12:No. 10:pp. 577-595 ~ p. 580
« Persian text omitted. [12 They move from Agha Jamal to Hormuz, the distance is two miles. There are mountains on both sides and the road is flat. Hormoz village is located at the foot of the mountain. The river Shur flows through this mountain and village, and Hormoz has many houses and palm trees. two
They have a caravanserai and ten ponds. Most of the people living there are riflemen, all of them have Martin. There are many mines in Mount Hormuz, there is also a spring of fresh water in the slope of Mount Gharib near the village. There is also a castle in the middle of the grove.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 581
« At 12 miles halt at Hormuz. ... A small village surrounded by a ruined wall, and about 50 yards square. A few huts outside, a dilapidated caravanserai, and a few ruinous bourkahs about.The village musters 20 fighting men. There is a tower in the centre of the accompanying description. On the approach of danger about ten men retire to it and command the village and approaches by their fire. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ p. 10
SOURCE for Horum
«095 (km) |Horum (De Silva Figueroa) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46
« About two days Journey from Guin lies the little City Horum, so call'd from its Beauty and great plenty of Dates; as also anotherof the same denomination, between Cabrestan and Lara. Between Guin and Horum you meet with a barren and uninhabited Desart, of three days Journey, not having in all that way above two Pits of Water. » #3302 Ogilby, John, Asia. The first part being an accurate description of Persia, and the several provinces thereof : ..., Printed by the author at his house in White-friers, London, 1673 ~ p. 7
SOURCE for Karavanserail Hormud-e Abbasi
« Karavanserail Hormud-e Abbasi (Abb. 5) (183)Lage: 14 km südöstlich von Karavanserail Ceki, 7 km nordwestlich des Karavanserails Hadji Agha Djamal, in + 490 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas.Das Karavanserail wird als Gendarmeriestation ge-nutzt; es entspricht dem Typ der größeren Pavillon-Kara-vanserails. Daneben steht die stark verfallene Ruine eines weiteren Bauwerkes dieses Typus sowie vier Zisternen. fn 183 Der Ort wurde am 4. 12. 1984 besucht.- H. Gaube, a.a.O., 44- [aravanserail Hormud-e Abbasi (Fig. 5) (183) Location: 14 km southeast of Caravanserail Ceki, 7 km northwest of Caravanserail Hadji Agha Djamal, at an elevation of 490 m above sea level, on the road from Lar to Bandar-e Abbas.The caravanserail is used as a gendarmerie station; it corresponds to the type of larger pavilion caravanserails. fn 183 The site was visited on December 4, 1984. - H. Gaube, op. cit., 44-] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 144
SOURCE for Khurma
« (30) Khurma-6 farsakhs. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219
SOURCE for Kormout
« Je marchai trois heures dans une plaine fertile, puis entre d'affreux rochers, et sur les dix heures du soir j'arrivai à Kormout, grand village rempli de palmiers. [I walked for three hours in a fertile plain, then between horrible rocks, and around ten o'clock in the evening I arrived at Kormout, a large village filled with palm trees.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 322
« Nous traversâmes ensuite une basse montagne, et nous descendîmes encore dans une plaine où est le village de Khormout; notre menzil, à douze heures de Tengonou. [We then crossed a low mountain, and we descended again into a plain where the village of Khormout is; our menzil, twelve hours from Tengonou.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 531
SOURCE for Kormur
« Durch Kormur, Koferstan, Göſchiran und andere Orth über mannigfaltigeGe bürg und sehr gesalkene Wasserlein fas men wir vor ungeheuer hohe Berge die kein Thal durchschnitte/soweit unsere Aus gen seben kunten. [Through Kormur, Koferstan, Göſchiran and other places over various mountains and very salty little streams we came across immensely high mountains which, as far as our eyes could see, were not crossed by any valley.] » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707 ~ p. 269
SOURCE for Whormoot
« Our next daies travell was to Whormoot, eleven farfangs (thirty three miles) where we found a black paviliion; in it three old Arabians; who, out of their Alcoran ingeminated a dolefull requiem to their Brothers carcaffe, over which they fat; their lookes were clouded with pathetick fadneffe, their cheekes bedewed with briny teares, intending (afeer the Jewish mode, septem ad luctus) to folemnife his farewell feven daies, finging, fighing, weeping. ... Nigh Whormoot are Duzgun, LazianDe, and other Townes, where is got the beſt AffaFatida through all the Orient:the tree is like our brier in height, the leaves reſemble Fig leaves, the root the Radith: the vertue had need be much, it ftincks ſo odiously. But, though the favour bee fo bale, the fapor is fo excellent, that no meat, no fauce, no veffell pleaſes the Guzurats pallat, fave what reliſhes of it. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 125
SOURCE for Whorwoote
«095 (km) Whorwoote (Herbert) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46

R60-041 Sarap
R60-041 Sarap : place IRN
VARIANT names: Sarap ,
SOURCE for Sarap
« Op den wegy ontmoeten ong eenige Bosch-Rovers / die ons ook aanvielen; maar sy wat nader komende/bevonden sich te swak / en gaben sich drijvende op de blucht/ after latende 7 dooden. Wp verlooren daar ook twee Mannen / en voerden ses Gequetsten mede; brecsende boor een sterker Trop: begroeven onse Dooden / en verbonden de Sequctsten/ en borderden onsen wegh / komende des avonts by een klepu Do?pjen / Sarap genoemt / alwaar wy onfe nacht rust namen. Defen dagh hadden wp 6 mijlen gerepft. [On the road we met some Bosch robbers who also attacked us; but they who came closer/found themselves too weak/and found themselves floating on the air/after leaving 7 dead. Wp also lost two Men there / and took with them six Gequetsten; breaching drill a stronger Trop: buried our dead / and bandaged the Sequctsten / and bordered usen roadh / coming in the evening at a klepu Do?pjen / called Sarap / where we took rest one night. The defense had covered 6 miles.] » #3243 Jan Janszoon Struys, Drie aanmerkelijke en seer rampspoedige Reysen, Meurs, 1677 ~ p. 363
« Auff dem Bege begegneten uns etliche Räuber/ die uns ans fielen/ aber indeme sie näher herzukahmen/ und befanden/daß wir ihnen zu starck und machtig waren/gaben sie sich zurücke/ und liessen sieben Todten auf dem Blas. Wir verlohren zween Männer/ und führeten 6. Verwundete mit uns. Beil wir uns aber befürchteten/daß wir von einem stärckern Truppen möchten überfallen werden/ fo begruben wir in der Eyl unser Todten/ver- bunden die Verwundeten/und machten uns aus dem Staube/worauff wir des Abends bey ein kleines Dörflein kamen / Sarap ge nennet/ alwo wir wiederumb ausruheten. An diesem Tage hatten wir sechs Meilen gereiset. [On the way we met a number of robbers/ who attacked us/ but as they came closer/ and found/ that we were too strong and powerful for them/ they retreated/ and left seven dead on the scene. We lost two men and carried six wounded with us. But because we were afraid/that we would be attacked by a stronger force/so we buried our dead in the Eyl/bandaged the wounded/and made our escape/whereupon we came to a small village in the evening/Sarap ge names/ where we rested again. We had traveled six miles that day.] » #3258 Joh. Jansz. Straußens, Sehr schwere/ wiederwertige/ und Denckwürdige Reysen/ Durch Italien/ Griechenland/ Lifland/ Moscau/ Tartarey/ Meden/ Persien/ Türckey/ Ost-Indien/ Japan/ und unterschiedliche andere Länder, von Meurs, Amsterdam, 1678 ~ p. 197
« Un peu audelà de ce Village nous fûmes attaquez par des voleurs qui ne trouvérent pas avec nous ce qu'ils s'étoient imaginé. Nous les repouſſames ſi vivement qu'ils prirent la fuite bien-tôt après. Il y demeura ſept de leurs gens et deux des nôtres. Nous enterrâmes ces derniers, mî- mes nos bleſſez ſur des ânes, et allâmes coucher à un village nommé Sarap. [A little beyond this Village we were attacked by thieves who did not find with us what they had imagined. We repulsed them so strongly that they fled soon afterwards. There remained seven of their people and two of ours. We buried the latter, placed our wounded on donkeys, and went to sleep in a village called Sarap.] » #3257 Jan Janszoon Struys, Glanius (Monsieur), Les voyages de Jean Struys, en Moscovie, en Tartarie, en Perse, aux Indes, et en plusieurs autres païs étrangers, 1718 ~ vol. 3 p. 61

R60-046 Gamron
R60-046 Gamron : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar `Abbas , Bandar `Abbasi , Bandar-e `Abbas , Cambarao , Gombroon , Gumrun , Port Comorao , بندر عباس , بندر عباس , بندر عباسی , گمبرن ,
VARIANT names: Bandar , Bandar Abbas , Bandar port , Bandel , Bandel do Comorão , Bander - Abassi , Bander goomroone , Bander-Abaffie , Banderabassi , Bander-Abassi , Banderabassy , Bender Abaʃʃi , Bender gomrow , Bender-Abassy , Bender-Abbassi , Camarão , Combrú , Comerão , Gambrun , Gamron , Gamru , Gamrun , Gombroon , Gombrun , Goumeron , Hurmuz or Bandar ,
SOURCE for Bandar
« so that I re|solv'd to get to Bandar, whatever it cost me, out of the confidence I had that there, among so many Merchants of several Nations who trade thither, I should find some ease. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 6
SOURCE for Bandar Abbas
« There are grounds for believing that the town is situated on or near the site of the small fishing village of Shahrū (see Iṣṭakhri, 67) or Shahruvā (see the Ḥudūd al-ʿAlam, 124 and 375). When the neighbouring island of Djarūn (or Djarrūn) ceased to be so called and was given instead the name of Hormuz at the beginning of the 8th/14th century, the former name was transferred to Shahrū. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 1 p. 1013
« trockensten, allerheißesten, giftigsten, ungesundesten, verfluchtesten und der Hölle schatverwande Ormusschen Seehafen und Stadt Gamron oder Bandar 'Abbas. [driest, hottest, most poisonous, unhealthy, most cursed and hell-bound Ormuz seaport and city of Gamron or Bandar 'Abbas.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 125
« Leaving Chahaly, immediately dropped into the wide bed of a river with high sandstone cliffs on each side. This we followed for 20 minutes, and then ascending the cliffs to the right by a sharp, short pass, got into a lot of curious sandstone hills cut up in every direction into funny forms and peaks by the effects of running water, Followed along a road in the plateau of sandstone, which was nothing but a series of narrow troughs cut by the innumerable feet of donkeys and assisted by rain, for over an hour, and then descending quickly, came on to the sands which surround Bandar Abbas. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 22
« 1614. (The Captain-major) “under orders of Dom Luis da Gama returned to succour Comorão, but found the enemy’s fleet already there and the fort surrendered.…News which was heard by Dom Luis da Gama and most of the people of Ormuz in such way as might be expected, some of the old folks of Ormuz prognosticating at once that in losing Comorão Ormuz itself would be lost before long, seeing that the former was like a barbican or outwork on which the rage of the Persian enemy spent itself, giving time to Ormuz to prepare against their coming thither.” - Bocarro, Decada, 349. » #379 Yule, Henry and Burnell A. C., Hobson-Jobson, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, Ware, Hertfordshire, 1996 ~ p. 384
« from Lar to Bandar (28). And that is where the harbour of Hormuz (29) is, fn. 28 By "Bandar" (lit., harbour) Nikitin means Old Hormuz (see next note).fn. 29 Hormuz is an island and old seaport in the Persian Gulf. Old Hormuz stood on the coast. » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109
SOURCE for Bandar port
« Ho dominguo pela menhaam chegaram ao porto de banda que está na terra firme tres legoas d ormuz, [On Sunday morning they arrived at the port of Banda, which is on dry land three leagues from Ormuz,] » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 235
SOURCE for Bandel
« fn. 11 In referring to the general area of the Persian littoral, Silva y Figueroa employs the Portuguese term Bandel, based on Persian bandar (meaning “harbor city”); this region corresponds to the present-day Iranian province of Hormozgān, which faces the Persian Gulf near the Straits of Hormuz (see p. 244) » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017 ~ p. 246
« fn. 94 The Persian word bandar, meaning “harbor city,” refers to the Persian littoral around
Gamrū [Bandar-e ʿAbbās]; see YandB, 58, s.v. “bandel.” For the province in which the Bandel
is located, see p. 246 n. 11. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017 ~ p. 285
The next morning the sultan of the Bandel, under whose jurisdiction [fol. 476r] falls the section of mainland between Gamrū and the island of Qeshm, » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017 ~ p. 732
« The Portuguese were detained "some days" at the port of Bandel, taking horses (canalgaduras) to ride upon, and camels for their possessions (fato), and sundry other things for their journey. Our author, in a brief note, describes Bandel (Bandar Abbas) as a place of thatched houses, inhabited by poor people, living in a land well provided with dates. » #3255 Ronald Bishop Smith., The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970 ~ p. 64
SOURCE for Bandel do Comorão
« The origins of Bandel do Comorão lay in the period after the Portuguese took Hormuz in 1515 during ‘the time of the Kings of Lar who allowed them to stay there so they could better supply Ormuz.’ (5) The island’s hereditary rulers had traditionally claimed allegiance from parts of Mughestan and Birunat from which were derived significant revenues.(6)
fn. 5 CASA OCD 234/d, Fr Redento de la Cruz, Relación. chap. XXX, f.1
fn. 6 Aubin, Jean. 1973 ‘Le Royaume d’Ormuz au début du XVIe siècle’, Mare Luso-Indicum, vol 2, 107-8. Mughestan comprised the coastal territory east of the Strait of Hormuz between Minab in the north and the southern coast at Jask. Minab, Manujan and Vaskird, north-east of the Strait, represented three districts of Birunat from which Hormuz earned revenues. » #1698 Faridany, E. K., Signal Defeat: the Portuguese Loss of Comorão in 1614 and its Political and Commercial Consequences at Portugal, The Persian Gulf and Safavid Persia Conference, 8-9 September 2007 The Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, Washington, 2007 ~ p.2
SOURCE for Bander - Abassi
« On a à la gauche les montagnes, et la mer à la droite, mais à tant de distance qu'on ne la voit que quand on est tout proche de Bander - Abassi; on dé- couvre sur la route plusieurs bois de dattiers, qui sont les maisons d'été des gens de ces pays- là. A cinq cents pas de la ville, il y a un bureau de raalidars, ou gardes des grands chemins, qui sert de bornes au gouvernement de Laar, lequel s'étend jusqu'en ce lieu. Je fus mettre pied à terre au bureau de la compagnie des Indes orientales de France , dont un fort honnête homme de Dijon, nommé M. Perrot , ëtolt le chef. [We have the mountains on the left, and the sea on the right, but at such a distance that we only see it when we are very close to Bander - Abassi; On the road we discover several date palm groves, which are the summer homes of the people of these countries. Five hundred steps from the town, there is an office of raalidars, or guards of the highways, which serves as boundaries for the government of Laar, which extends to this place. I disembarked at the office of the French East India Company, of which a very honest man from Dijon, named M. Perrot, was the head.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 505-6
SOURCE for Bander goomroone
19 The 19th daye being Fridaye we came to Bander goomroone [Gombroon], being the port,wch place we did long to see; and att lengtht the almighti God out of His bountiful merciehath brought vs safe, haueing past thorow great many misseries and troubles. This night Mr.Robert Hedges, a gentn and being a spetiall freind of mine, agreed wth my self for to ride thorow to the towne being 7 lges., and lighted att the English howse, wher we were courteousely entertayned.Here we took our lodging this night.
SOURCE for Bander-Abaffie
« « Endlich den 15, Octobr.noch fruhe mors gens bey guter Zeit langten wir vor Ban- der-Abaffie an: wurden ganz gutig und ungehindert eingelassen/ und gleich im ersten Eingang von verschiedenen Euro påern freundlichst begrússet/uud in gelegene Caravanfera eingewiesen. [Finally, on October 15th, early in the morning, we arrived at Bander-Abaffie in good time. We were let in very easily and without hindrance and were greeted very kindly by several Europeans at the first entrance and shown to the nearby caravan site.] » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707~ » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707 ~ p. 272-3
SOURCE for Banderabassi
« Banderabassi » in {map#980 Plan particulier du golfe de Perse, depuis les caps de Rosalgatte et de Jasque, jusqu'à Bassora / [d'Après de Mannevillette] ; Dheulland sculp, Anonyme, Guillaume Dheulland, Graveur, 1700-1799, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE DD-2987 (6746)} see AHduGP map 74
SOURCE for Bander-Abassi
« De Bend-Ali au Bander-Abassi il n'y a plus que deux grandes lieues, et la plus grande partie du chemin est un pays de palmiers. [From Bend-Ali to Bander-Abassi there are only two long leagues, and the greater part of the way is a country of palm trees.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 326
« Le 20, me trouvant pressé par les médecins d'emmener mes gens hors du Bander-Abassi, [On the 20th, finding myself under pressure from the doctors to take my people out of Bander-Abassi,] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 78
SOURCE for Banderabassy
« I left Surat on February 21, 1671, on an English ship bound for the port of Banderabassy, from where I set out by land on March 25, to go as far as Babylon. » #3606 Voyage des Indes orientales, mêlé de plusieurs histoires curieuses, par M. Carré.., Vve de C. Barbin, Paris, 1699 ~ vol. 1 p. 143
SOURCE for Bender Abaʃʃi
« us from the Fort of Bender Abaʃʃi, it we had come there in the Night time, and therefore we parted not from Bendali till next day at half an hour after two in the Morning, and a little after five a Clock we came to the Houſe of a Rhadar near the Town of Bender, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 135
SOURCE for Bender gomrow
« The second of August about mid- night, I arrived at Bender gomrow, where the Portugals keepe a Castle with seven or eight Souldiers, within it. And this Bender gomrow, which is on the mayne land, was sometimes the Kings of Lar, and after that Abreham Cans, and so it came to the King of Ormus. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 460
SOURCE for Bender-Abassy
« 27 avril. Les chameaux sont en effet arrivés, et j'espère enfin quitter Bender-Abassy, où la chaleur est extrême, et l'air excessivement mauvais. [April 27. The camels have indeed arrived, and I hope to finally leave Bender-Abassy, where the heat is extreme, and the air extremely bad. ] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 585
SOURCE for Bender-Abbassi
« Nous arrivâmes à midi à Bender-Abbassi . Le commandant eut la bonté de venir nous recevoir à la porte de sa maison . [We arrived at Bender-Abbassi at noon.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 390
SOURCE for Camarão
« GOMBROON, n.p. The old name in European documents of the place on the Persian Gulf now known as Bandar ’Abbas, or ’Abbasi. The latter name was given to it when Shah ’Abbas, after the capture and destruction of the island city of Hormuz, established a port there. The site which he selected was the little town of Gambrún. This had been occupied by the Portuguese, who took it from the ‘King of Lar’ in 1612, but two years later it was taken by the Shah. The name is said (in the Geog. Magazine, i. 17) to be Turkish, meaning ‘a Custom House.’ The word alluded to is probably gumruk, which has that meaning, and which is again, through Low Greek, from the Latin commercium. But this etymology of the name seems hardly probable. That indicated in the extract from A. Hamilton below is from Pers. kamrun, ‘a shrimp,’ or Port. camarão, meaning the same. » #379 Yule, Henry and Burnell A. C., Hobson-Jobson, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, Ware, Hertfordshire, 1996 ~ p. 384
SOURCE for Combrú
« 1622.—“That evening, at two hours of the night, we started from below that fine tree, and after travelling about a league and a half…we arrived here in Combrú, a place of decent size and population on the sea-shore, which the Persians now-a-days, laying aside as it were the old name, call the ‘Port of Abbas,’ because it was wrested from the Portuguese, who formerly possessed it, in the time of the present King Abbas.”—P. della Valle, ii. 413; [in Hak. Soc. i. 3, he calls it Combu]. » #379 Yule, Henry and Burnell A. C., Hobson-Jobson, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, Ware, Hertfordshire, 1996 ~ p. 384
SOURCE for Comerão
« No entanto o rei da Persia tinhase já apoderado em 1614 do forte de Comerão na terra firme, a tres leguas de Ormuz e das ilhas de Baharem e de Queixome, aquella muito rica por causa da pesca das perolas, e esta porque abastecia Ormuz de agua doce e de refrescos. [However, in 1614 the king of Persia had already taken over the fort of Comerão on the mainland, three leagues from Ormuz and the islands of Baharem and Queixome, the former very rich because of pearl fishing, and the latter because it supplied Ormuz with water. candy and refreshments] » #2280 Manoel Bernardes Branco, Portugal e os estrangeiros, Livraria De A. M. Pereira, Lisboa, 1879 ~ p. 315
SOURCE for Gambrun
« Of these possibly Najiram may stand for the island of Jarm on which the later town of Hurmuz stood. Karman is the Carmon of p. 76, n. 1, and p. 77, n. 1, i.e., Gambrun, which is not far from the site of Hurmuz in Mas'udi's time. » #40 Barbosa, Duarte, The Book of Duarte Barbosa, an Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and Their Inhabitants. Translated by M. L. Dames, Hakluyt Society:Asian Educational Services, London:New Delhi, 1918-21:2002 ~ p.79 notes
SOURCE for Gamron
« bezitten wij min of meer uitgebreide aanteekeningen van de hand der vele Europeanen, die hunne lotgevallen hebben te boek gesteld). Sedert echter Gamron (Bender-Abbas) in de tweede helft der 18de eeuw zijn plaats als [We have more or less extensive notes by many Europeans who have recorded their adventures. However, since Gamron (Bender-Abbas) took its place in the second half of the 18th century] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. V
« The path from here to Gamron extends eastward, and partly along the shore. » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 319
« Den 29. dito zyn wy na Bendar Abaafi vertrokken, en tot Gamron (zynde de zelve ſtad, na Abaaz Bandar Abaafi genaamd) gekomen. [On the 29th we left Bendar Abaafi and came to Gamron (the same city called Bandar Abaafi after Abaaz).] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 267
SOURCE for Gamru
« However, in 1622, when Hormuz changed hands, most buildings were destroyed and the Safavides decided to divert all traffic to Gamru, on the mainland opposite of Hormuz. The rise of Gamru, named Bandar 'Abbàs by their new masters, caused the final decline of Hormuz. » #2023 Ralph Kauz and Roderich Ptak, Hormuz in Yuan and Ming sources, Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, ~ p. 29
« The tents were pitched next to the remains of the fortress of Gamrū, the same one that had been so infamously lost three years earlier,(3) the blame for which falls [margin: less heavily] on its defenders [margin: than upon those who failed to come to its aid]. [fol. 192v] The Ambassador was forced to tarry in this location for a few days in the blistering heat because horses had to be purchased for his servants and for the monks he had brought with him for the journey to Lār and Shirāz. fn 3 3 See p. 246, n. 11. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 289
SOURCE for Gamrun
« The great depot for the produce of India, China, and Persia, was then removed to Gombroon* and Ormuz, and has ever since remained in the hands of the Persian monarch. » fn. « * Gamrún, or Gamrú.-E » #253 Kempthorne, Lieut. G.B., Notes on a Survey along the Eastern Shores of the Persian Gulf in 1828, Royal Geographical Society, 1835
SOURCE for Gombroon
« The name Djarun was transferred to the small town and port of Suru or Shahru on the mainland 17 km to the north-west, where goods in transit to or from Hormuz were transhipped; this name became corrupted to Gamru and was further corrupted by Europeans into Gambrun, Gombrun and Gombroon. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 3 p. 585
« they returning to Gombroon, and we going on Three Pharsangs that Night to Band Ally (1) fn. 1 Band ’All, “the embankment of ’All,” about 9 miles S.W. of Bandar ’Abbas. “The first night (from Gombroon) we rode to Bandally, sixteene English miles (and most part along the Gulph)” » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 177
« Fourteene dayes are paſt ſince we entred Gombroon; the place has no fuch Magick to perfwade us to inhabit here. Our end is travell, why ftay we then? » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 124
«7th March. In the morning, about 9 in the morning, arrived at Gombroon with the Cheife, Mr. John Eaton Dodsworth, Mr. Dennis, Mr. Beavis and Batson who all came out a little way to meet me.
note: Diary of 6 March 1707/8.
Gombroon, the old name of Bandar 'Abbas. See Yule, Hobson-Jobson, s.v. Gombroon. For a description and illustration of the oity in 1705 see Le Bruyn, II, 73-75. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 44 and 49-50
SOURCE for Gombrun
SOURCE for Goumeron
« Bandar Abbaffi is made of the destruction of Ormous, Portuguese call it Goumeron, There is Sultan with a small militia, who guards two small Castles: It is at twenty-eight degrees of latitude towards the Arctic Pole that, few people inhabit it in the East, because of the great. heat: The water there is bad and half salty, there is only one beach without a port, where ships arrive from all sides to negotiate. » #3465 Le Gouz de La Boullaye, Les voyages et obseruations du Sieur de La Boullaye-Le-Gouz, gentil-homme angeuin : ou` sont de´crites les religions, gouuernemens, et situations des estats et royaumes d'Italie, Grece, Natolie, Syrie, Perse, Palestine, Karamenie, Kalde´e, Assyrie, grand Mogol, Bijapour, Indes orientales des Portugais, Arabie, Egypte, Holande, grande Bretagne, Irlande, Dannemark, Pologne, isles et autres lieux d'Europe, Asie et Affrique, ou il a` seiourne´, le tout enrichy de belles figures ; et dedie´ a` l'Eminentissime Cardinal Capponi, Chez Geruais Clousier au Palais, sur les degrez de la Saincte Chapelle, Paris, 1653 ~ p. 115
SOURCE for Hurmuz or Bandar
« (35) Kishigan [? sic] to Hurmuzor Bandar (Gämbrun)-6 farsakhs. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219

R60-027 Carawanfera (Struys 05 apr)
R60-027 Carawanfera (Struys 05 apr) : place IRN (caravanserai)
VARIANT names: Baagì , Baba Haddji , Baba Hadji , Baba Hajees , Baba Haji C. , Baba Hhadji , Babaadgi , Baba-Adgi , Babaghali , Babagi , Babahaagi (Baba-hhadjy) , Babbahad-jie , Babe Hasy , Bäwärji-Sarai , Bobba Hodge , Bobbahodge , Bobbaw-hodgee , Bobohogi , Carab-Bajar , Carawanfera (Struys 05 apr) , Carvanfera Babbahasj , Karavanserail Bid Zard ,
SOURCE for Baagì
« On the 21st at the usual hour we began traveling again in a very beautiful plain, in the middle of which we ate at the 24th hour. At the 6th hour of the night we stopped in the caravanserai Baghan (28) after having passed two or three small mountains which are at one end of that plain. fn. 28. Bembo's "Baagi." » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 297
SOURCE for Baba Haddji
« den 8. Dez. gereist nach der Karawanserei Baba Haddji (Baba Håddji) 5 Farsach, die schlecht von Feldsteinen erbaut war. [December 8th traveled to the caravanserai Baba Haddji (Baba Håddji) 5 Farsach, which was poorly built of field stones.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 111
SOURCE for Baba Hadji
« Je m'arrête à l'étang d'eau douce de Baba Hadji, où, à ma première visite en 1935, j'avais trouvé une multitude énorme d'oiseaux et où l'eau semblait fourmiller de poissons, de reptiles et de batraciens. Cette fois-ci, il n'y a là pas le moindre oiseau et dans l'eau claire je n'aperçois aucune faune macroscopique, mais les jolis nénufars sont en fleurs et ma récolte de Crustacés, péniblement exécutée avec un seul bras, est des plus fructueuses (83, p. 259). [I stop at the fresh water pond of Baba Hadji, where, on my first visit in 1935, I found an enormous multitude of birds and where the water seemed to teem with fish, reptiles and amphibians. This time, there is not the slightest bird there and in the clear water I don't see any macroscopic fauna, but the pretty water lilies are in flower and my harvest of crustaceans, painfully carried out with a single arm, is most fruitful (83, p. 259).] »#3059 K Lindberg, Voyage dans le Sud de l'Iran : carnet de route d'un me´dicin, a` la poursuite du ver de Me´dine., C.W.K. Gleerup, Lund, 1955 ~ p.180
« Laissant à gauche divers villages, nous attei- gnîmes un caravansérail appelé Baba-hadji, près duquel est une source, et où nous nous arrêtâmes pendant une heure pour faire prendre haleine à nos chevaux. A cinquante pas de ce caravansérail, est une cellule où se tient un dervich, qui vit des aumônes des voyageurs. [Leaving on the left various villages, we reached a caravanserai called Baba-hadji, near which is a spring, and where we stopped for an hour to let our horses take breath. Fifty paces from this caravanserai is a cell where a dervish lives, who lives on the alms of travelers.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 463
SOURCE for Baba Hajees
« Baba Hajees » in {map#1233 Route Map Shiraz to Bushire round trip, TAYLOR R L Lieutenant-Colonel, 1858, British Library: IOR X/3125, route map 5}
SOURCE for Baba Haji C.
« The Mahalu mountains were still on our left.
Seven miles from Deh-i-Nau, they throw out a
low spur, which divides the plain of Shiraz from
that of Kavar. It is crossed by a road called
Baba Haji's Pass 4
(gardana i Baba Haji), and
there is also an easier road which turns the
point of the spur, and which is used by the
Qawam's carriage, when he takes his drives
abroad. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ vol. 1 p. 77
« BABA HAJI-LAT. 29° 21' N.; LONG. 52° 40' E.; ELEV . A village in Färs, 15 miles from Shiraz, on the road to Firūzabad, from which it is distant 51 miles. A few supplies are procurable here from the nomads, and there is generally some grain stored in the village. Water is derived from a spring. The climate here in summer is said to be cool and refreshing. These distances differ from those given in routes. St. John and Ross describe it as only a caravanserai, 20 miles from Shiraz. There is fruit procurable, Grazing reported good. Supplies easily obtainable in limited quantity from numerous villages in the neighbourhood. A mule track diverges to Sarvistán valley (Wilson-Pelly.) »#2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ p. 177
« Every traveller, with the exception of Hedges, considered Baba Hajji a poor karavansaray. It was situated at the end of the Shiraz plain, which is about twelve leagues in length and, in some places, two leagues in width. Water was not good here. The karavansaray was rather large, but partly dilapidated. It stood alone, was badly constructed of freestone and, in one word was "wretched". It had been named after its founder who was buried close by. It had no good water, though a little beyond the karavansaray there was some to be found. The karavansaray was close to a cluster of seven villages, of which the most populous one contained the karavansaray. In 1717 this last was old, though still a reasonable place for staying the night. According to Hedges, Baba Hajji was situated in a fine, well-watered plain and was wellstored with provisions. (79)
fn. 78 Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, p. 111 (Pylli Pessa); Speelman, pp. 83-4 (Ousjouael); Fryer, vol. II, p. 209 (the Beggards- Garden called Udgewally); Valentijn, vol. V, p. 284 (Oesiwat; Osiwar); KA 1793, fol. 999 (Oudsjou alla); de Silva y Figueroa, p. 105 (Ochiar). The lake refers to the Darya-i Mahalu, a salt lake, where there was also a karavansaray, p. 351. Jean Aubin (ed. and tr.). L'Ambassade de Gregorio Pereira Fidalgo à la cour de Chah Soltan Hosseyn 1696-1692 (Lisbon, 1971), pp. 42-3 (Uxuan).fn. 79 Stodart, p. 79 (Bobohogi); Thevenot, vol. II. p.127 (Baba- Adgi); Valentijn, vol. V. p. 262 (Babaghasi); Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, p. 111 (Baba Haddji); Speelman, p. 83 (Babe Hasy); Herbert, p. 107 (Bobbaw-hodgee); Fryer, vol. II, p. 208 (Bobba Hodge); Strauszens, p. 193 (Dobba); Hedges, p. 207 (Bobba Hadgee); KA 1793, fol. 998b (Bha Bha Hadje); Tavernier, p. 310 (Babaadgi); Winninx, 22 July (Babba Hasi); Chardin, vol. VIII, pp. 461-2 (Babahaagi); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 312 (Babba hadjie); Carmelites, loc. cit. »
#1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p.75
SOURCE for Baba Hhadji
« Den 4. dito quam zyn Ed: met den dag na 7 mylen rydens, in de Karrawaanfera Baba Hhadji, [Den 4. Dito quam zyn Ed: met den dag na 7 mylen rydens, in de Karrawaanfera Baba Hhadji,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274
« Den 19. dito, na een weg van 4 mylen rydens, en het trekken over de brug Polifaſa, quam zyn Ed: aan de Karrawaanſera Baba Hhadji. [On the 19th, after riding four miles and crossing the bridge Polifaſa, his Ed arrived at the Karrawaanſera Baba Hhadji.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
SOURCE for Babaadgi
« j'arrivai au carvansera appelé Babaadgi. L'eau n'y est pas bonne et est comme tiède, et depuis ce lieu-là on commence à ne sentir plus de froid. [I arrived at the carvansera called Babaadgi. The water there is not good and is like lukewarm, and from there you begin to no longer feel cold.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 310
SOURCE for Baba-Adgi
« Travelled till half an hour after One a Clock, we came to a wretched Kervanseray flanding all alone; it is called Baba-Adgi from the name of its Founder, who lies buried hard by, and is five Agaisch from Schiras » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 127
SOURCE for Babaghali
« en wy namen ons verblyf in tenten by een Karrawanfera Babaghali, zeer eenzaam in 't gebergte ſtaande, nevens klip, en riet land. [and we took up our abode in tents near a Karrawanfera Babaghali, standing very lonely in the mountains, next to a cliff and reed land.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263
SOURCE for Babagi
« Camminammo adunque tutta la notte, e venimmo a fermarci la Domenica 19. nel Cafale di Bagbun, che vuol dire Ortolano, diſtante 30. miglia da Sciras. La giornata ordinaria faria ſtata fino a Babagi 10. miglia più in dietro; però ci avanzammo, come diffi fino a Bagbun, per effer patria de' nuovi Ciarvatari. [So we walked all night, and we came to stop on Sunday 19th in the Cafale di Bagbun, which means Ortolano, 30 miles away from Sciras. The ordinary day would be up to Babagi 10. miles further back; therefore we advanced, as far as Bagbun, to become the homeland of the new Ciarvatari.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 264
SOURCE for Babahaagi (Baba-hhadjy)
« Je fis cinq lieues, la plupart dans la belle plaine où Chiras est situé, et je fus coucher à un caravanserai, nommé Babahaagi (Baba-hhadjy), c'est-à- dire, père pélerin, du nom du fondateur. C'est un méchant gîte, petit et mal entretenu, situé au pied d'une montagne, de laquelle il sort des eaux tièdes, qui sont les seules que l'on puisse avoir en cet endroit-là (1). f. n. 1 Thévenot ajoute pourtant qu'il s'y trouve, un peu plus loin, une source dont l'eau est fort bonne. Il place Bábà Hhadjy à cinq Aghatch de Chyraz. C. Le Bruyn donne la mèrue distance que Chardin. (L-s.) [I traveled five leagues, most of it in the beautiful plain where Chiras is located, and I slept at a caravanserai, named Babahaagi (Baba-hhadjy), that is to say, pilgrim father, named after the founder. It is a nasty lodge, small and poorly maintained, located at the foot of a mountain, from which lukewarm waters come out, which are the only ones that can be had in that place (1). f. not. (1) Thévenot adds, however, that there is a spring there, a little further on, with very good water. He places Bábà Hhadjy five Aghatch from Chyraz. C. Le Bruyn gives the same distance as Chardin. (L-s.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 459-60
SOURCE for Babbahad-jie
« Au milieu de la plaine,proche de ce pont, il y a une montagne feparée de toutes les autres, laquelle nous laiffämes à gauche,arriv?mes à minuit au Caravanserai de Babbahad-jie, à 5. lieuës de Zjie-raes. [In the middle of the plain, and close to this bridge, there is a mountain separated from all the others, which we left on the left, and arrived at midnight at the Caravanserai of Babbahad-jie, 5 leagues from Zjie-raes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 312
SOURCE for Babe Hasy
« T'eynde der vlacte (die min dan 7 mijlen breet ende wel soo langh is) sijn noch een mijl over moeyelijke steenachtige bergwegen gereden wesende, ten een uure naer de middagh 8 mijlen van Mossaffry in de rustplactse Babe Hasy (1)fn. 1 Babqa haji (Simla kaart) Papa pelgrim (Mekkaganger). ... [The valley (which is less than 7 miles wide and about as long) has been driven for a mile over difficult stony mountain roads, about an hour after noon, 8 miles from Mossaffry in the resting place Babe Hasy (1) fn. 1 Babqa haji (Simla card) Papa pilgrim (Mecca goer). ...] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 83
SOURCE for Bäwärji-Sarai
[This could be a corruption of Baba Haji. PBR]
SOURCE for Bobba Hodge
« We continued journying all this Night; wherefore the Sun had gilded the Firmament with his Vermilion Red, before we took up at Bobba Hodge (3), Thirty Miles compleat from our last Stage. fn. 3 Baba HajI, lying S.W. of the Daria-i-Mahala lake. “Here the Firuzabad road joins the main Jahrum-Shiraz road” (Wilson, 165). Herbert (132) writes Bobbaw-hodgee; Hedges (i, 207) Bobba Hadgee. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 208
SOURCE for Bobbahodge
« Dined here and went away for Shirass, being 5 farsangs, bad way up hills and down ; about the middle of the way in a fine plain is a good caravensaroy. Arrjved at Shirass at 8 at night. 21st [February], being Sunday. Went away for Bobbahodge, 9 farsangs good way.
note: Diary of 21 February 1707/8.
Bobbahodge. Bâbâ Hâjî. See Tavernier (Persian Travels, p. 251), who calls the place Badaadge; Fryer (II, 208 and n. 3). Le Bruyn stayed at the "Caravanserai of Babba-had-jie, five leagues from Zjie-ras" in August 1704 (II, 64), and again in November 1706 (II, 137), when he calls the place "Babasjie." » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 41 and 47
SOURCE for Bobbaw-hodgee
« next day to Pully-pot-ʃhaw (1) (leaving Bobbaw-hodgee on our left hand) fn. 1 This place (like the two preceding ones) has not been identified. The name is evidently Pul-i-Padshah, the bridge of the Emperor'. Herbert's itinerary (see appendix) adds the name of another stage, viz. Emoom (not identified). Clearly the cavalcade did not keep strictly to the usual route. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 132
SOURCE for Bobohogi
« And when the daye apeered we sett forward and came to Bobohogi [Baba Hajji], a poor caravansero weh standes att the end of the playne of Siras, weh is about 12 lges. in lengthe and in som places 2 lges. in bredth. Here we picht, haueing traveled 6 lges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p 79
SOURCE for Carab-Bajar
« Ohnweit Carab-Bajar traffen wir einen Wald an von lauter Terpentin-Bäumen. [Not far from Carab-Bajar we come across a forest of turpentine trees.] » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707 ~ p. 263
SOURCE for Carawanfera (Struys 05 apr)
« 2 apr pond teeming with fish near K. » #3243 Jan Janszoon Struys, Drie aanmerkelijke en seer rampspoedige Reysen, Meurs, 1677 ~ p.
SOURCE for Carvanfera Babbahasj
SOURCE for Karavanserail Bid Zard
« Karavanserail Bid Zard (Abb. 5; 180)(126)Lage: 33 km südlich von Shiraz (Zentrum), 22 km nörd- lich von Kavar und 40 km nordwestlich des Karavanserails Ab-e Germ, in + 1490 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Shiraz über Djahrom nach Lar und Bandar-e Abbas und an der Straße von Shiraz nach Firuzabad und Bandar-e Taheri (Si- raf).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei- lungen und Halbrundtürmen an den Courtinen und Gebäu- deecken.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 51 x 48,30 m, Hofabmessun- gen 30,30 x 24,30 m, Höhe der Hoffronten 5,20 m, Höhe ein- schließlich Obergeschoß 9,60 m (Abb. 181).Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Relativ gut er- halten, landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Bid Zard Caravanserai (Fig. 5; 180)(126)Location: 33 km south of Shiraz (center), 22 km north of Kavar and 40 km northwest of the Ab-e Germ Caravanserai, at + 1490 m above sea level, on the road from Shiraz via Djahrom to Lar and Bandar-e Abbas and on the road from Shiraz to Firuzabad and Bandar-e Taheri (Si-raf).Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections and semicircular towers on the courtyards and building corners.Dimensions: external dimensions 51 x 48.30 m, courtyard dimensions 30.30 x 24.30 m, height of courtyard fronts 5.20 m, height including upper floor 9.60 m (Fig. 181).Building material: quarry stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: relatively well preserved, used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 101

R60-028 Dobba camp
R60-028 Dobba camp : place IRN
VARIANT names: Dobba camp ,
SOURCE for Dobba camp
R60

R60-029 Carawanfera 04 apr
R60-029 Carawanfera 04 apr : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS names: Khafr , Shahr Khafr , Shahr-e Khafr , Shahr-e Khezr , شهر خضر ,
VARIANT names: Çafhra , Cafre , Caifer , Cawger , Chafer , Chaffer , Chaffert , Chafr (Jesa) , Cossir , dorp Gaffer , Gaffer , Ghor , Gossaw , Käfer , Kafre , Khabr , Khafr , Khafro ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Khafr FOR Vnghea [], POSSIBLE LOCATION at Khafr FOR Safra [PBR], POSSIBLE LOCATION at Khafr FOR Habr [PBR],
SOURCE for Çafhra
« This small town Çafhra is called Zafarābād (71) in the Arabic tongue, which means “fair” or “market.” (72) Not far off is the Sivan River, which the locals divert into channels and ditches to irrigate their gardens and fields.At sundown we reached the caravanserai, which resembled the one we had left that morning. It was 400 [fol. 222v] [margin: paces] from the city and its gardens, and there were two small Turkmen dawārs next to it.
fn. 71 This location seems a better fit than Khafr, proposed by Loureiro et al., Anotações e estudos, 24.
fn. 72 This comment by Silva y Figueroa is puzzling, since Arabic zafra is the feminine form of an adjective meaning “yellow.”
fn. 73 In the MS, Zafarābād is given as Çafhra or Çafra, a homonym of Zafra (Extremadura); Silva y Figueroa also spells the name of his native city Çafhra. »
#2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 330
« Entre este amenissimo bosque estan çien casillas, pocas mas ó menos, con una hermosa y antiquisima mezquita, cuya pequeña poblacion en lengua arabiga llaman Çafhra, que significa lo mesmo que feria ó mercado, corriendo muy çerca della el rrio Siuan, de donde sacan los moradores muchas açequias y canales de agua para regar sus jardines y sementeras. A puesta de sol se llegó al carauasar, que es como del que se salio aquella mañana, apartado quatroçientos pasos del lugar y sus jardines, junto al qual auia dos pequeños aduares de turcomanes. [Among this very pleasant forest there are a hundred squares, a few more or less, with a beautiful and ancient mosque, whose small town in the Arabic language is called Çafhra, which means the same as a fair or market, the Siuan River running very close to it, from where they take the inhabitants many ditches and water channels to water their gardens and fields. At sunset we reached the carauasar, which is like the one we left that morning, four hundred steps away from the place and its gardens, next to which there were two small Turkmen customs houses.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 321
SOURCE for Cafre
« On the 18th the journey was through countryside full of barley and rice. The ground was low, and there was plenty of water. Along the road I saw some tombs here and there with the remains of destroyed towns. At the 9th hour of the night we stopped in a caravanserai called Shahre Khafr. A Frenchman arrived there after midday on the 19th. He was on horseback and dressed in European fashion and had with him a chapar and a Persian servant with two pieces of luggage. He came to greet me and told me that he was coming from Bandar 'Abbas, where he had been on business for his company and that he was going to Shiraz and from there to Isfahan. He wanted to continue the journey with me, and I was glad of it. Meanwhile, we went together to see the town. We entered a garden full of fruit and ate to our satisfaction. When we left, the gardener was happy with a small remuneration. As we went through the town, we were asked to enter the houses of those natives to visit their sick, as happens in Turkey. Certainly he who knows medicine and the language would be of great use there and ncould also enjoy the trip. At suppertime I invited the Frenchman to eat with me. He seemed to be a polite and discreet person, and his name was Monsieur Pierre Monfere. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ pp. 296-7
SOURCE for Caifer
« This Valley led us to Caifer (5), some Five Pharsangs, a Village blest with all Fruits Persia glories in, but above all, the choicest Oranges; fn. 5 Khafre of Wilson's map, lying, as Fryer says, between two ranges of hills- Kuh-i-Gushtasib and Kuh-i-Safidar. "I slept at an Inn built in an octagonal form, a good Legue from the River, with several villages between. The name of the Inn is Kaffer" (Tavernier, 251). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 206
SOURCE for Cawger
« The third day we came to Cawger, and the same day at night we payed a Best upon every Bar. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 461
SOURCE for Chafer
« we arrived at a fair large Kervanʃeray, called Kervanʃeray Chafer, from the name of a Village cloſe by it, on the River-fide, which at this place is dwindled away almost to nothing, this is a great Village, and nothing to be ſeen in it but Gardens » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 128
SOURCE for Chaffer
« The 27th daye we traveled 7 lges. of very craggi and vneven waye. We picht in a caravanserow wthin a furlong of a litle towne called Chaffer [Kafr]. This towne standeth between two hilles wch lyeth on from the other a leauge or ther- aboutes. Here is good water and store of date trees. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 79
SOURCE for Chaffert
« Wy reden voorby een Karrawanſera, genaamd Chaffert, [We passed by a Karrawanſera named Chaffert,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263
SOURCE for Chafr (Jesa)
« den 10. Dez. in 11 Stunden, von 2 Uhr nachts bis 1 Uhr mittags, gereist 7 Farsach zur Karawan- serei Olkä und dem Dorf Chafr, jetzt Jesa genannt. [On December 10th, in 11 hours, from 2 a.m. to 1 a.m., 7 Farsach traveled to the Olka caravanserai and the village of Chafr, now called Jesa.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 111
SOURCE for Cossir
« August 22. We rose from Dottiuan, and passing by Cossir, lodged at Agatakee. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 207
SOURCE for dorp Gaffer
SOURCE for Gaffer
« van noden was te dragen) verselt met den schout van 't dorp Gaffer (1) fn. 1 Kafr (Siinla kaart.) Fryer heeft Caifer; hij teekent aan, dat hier de teelt van den dadelpalm eindigt. [of necessities) was hired with the sheriff of the village of Gaffer (1) fn. 1 Kafr (Siinla card.) Fryer has Caifer; he notes that the cultivation of the date palm ends here.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 73
« Gaffer (Khafr) for each carga half a mahmudi for rāhdāri as in Lär, but a small pres- ent would have the same effect. » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321
SOURCE for Ghor
« Après une traire de 7. lieues nous arrivi mes au village de Ghor, à une lieue de la petite ville de Nathans. [After a journey of 7 leagues we arrived at the village of Ghor, one league from the small town of Nathans.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 183
SOURCE for Gossaw
« About 12 at night sett out for Gossaw, 7½ farsangs, bad stoney way, but no mountain to pass. Past by Piraw, 5 farsangs to this place; here is a good Caravensaroy. Arrived here the 23rd about 11 forenoon.
note: Diary of 22 February 1707/8.
Gossaw. This place, called Cossir by Hedges (I, 207) and Chasor by Thévenot (Pt. II, 128), seems to be identical with the Caifer of Fryer, the Khafri of Wilson's map (Fryer, II, 206, n. 4), and the Kafer of Rennell's Map of Western Asia (1831). Khafr lies about 9 miles WNW. from Asmângird. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 41 and 47
SOURCE for Käfer
« Je terminai ma traite à un autre caravanserai,nommé Kafer (2), qui est situé vis-à-vis d'unbeau village de quelque cent maisons, mais qu'onprend de loin pour une petite ville à cause dugrand nombre de ses jardins. fn. 2 Le käravansérây de Käfer et le village qui en dépend sont situés dans un pays charmant. La description qu'en donne Chardin est pleinement justifiée par celles de Thévenot, tom. IV, p. 447, et de Fryer, New account of East India and Persia, etc. p. 244. [I finished my milking at another caravanserai, named Kafer (2), which is located opposite a beautiful village of about a hundred houses, but which from a distance is taken for a small town because of the large number of its gardens. fn. 2 The käravanséray of Käfer and the village which depends on it are located in a charming country. The description given by Chardin is fully justified by those of Thévenot, tom. IV, p. 447, and Fryer, New account of East India and Persia, etc. p. 244.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 461
SOURCE for Kafre
« à peu de dis- tance est celui de Kâfre, que nous atteignons à une heure après-midi. [At a short distance is that of Kâfre, which we reach at one o'clock in the afternoon.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 458
SOURCE for Khabr
« Beyond Kuvar, also on the left bank of the river Sakkân, is the town of Khabr, noted for the tomb of Said, brother of Hasan-al-Basri, the theologian. Mustawfi states that Khabr was larger than Kuvar, and that near by was the famous castle of Tir-i-Khuda, 'God's Arrow,' so called from its inaccessibility, for it stood on a hill-top, so that no human arrow could attain it. » #895 Le Strange, G., The lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia from the Moslem conquest to the time of Timur., Cambridge University Press, London, 1905, ~ p. 253
« Khabr (3). A medium-sized town, larger than Kavär, with a temperate climate; its water is wholesome. Its lands produce desert-wheat, also the fruits of both the hot and the cold region in excellent quality. It has a strong castle which is known as Tir-i-Khuda (God's Arrow), and game both of the mountain and the plain is found here. fn. 3 Modern Khafr. The Castle of God's Arrow according to the Fürs Namak was near Khayrah. » #1764 trans. G. Le Strange, The Geographical Part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub¯ Composed by Hamd-Allāh Mustawfi of Qazwin in 740 (1340), Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ 115
« Khabr (of Ardashir Khurrah) - Attestations: Khabr (town?) was located in Ardashir Khurrah according to Mādigān i Hezār Dādistān (MHD 78. 13) (78). The MHD (MHD A19.13-16) includes a phrase that implies that Khabr and Kovar were close to each other. The paragraph reads as follows: "In one place it is written, that if he declares this: 'if I do not depart to Kovar and Khabr on the day Ormizd, I shall give thirty dirhams', then if he departed to Kovar or to Khabr, he is not obliged to pay thirty dirhams". - Identification: The town and district of Khabr of Ardashir Khurrah was also recorded by an Islamic geographer (79). The modern village of Shahr-e Khafr (Town of Khafr) is located about 50 km to the southeast of Kovar, east of Firuzabad.
fn. 79 Istakhri: 120; Ibn-e Howqal: 275 »
#2877 Negin Miri, Historical Geography of Fars during the Sasanian Period, e-Sasanika, 2009, 10: ~ p. 20
SOURCE for Khafr
« Rivadaneyra continuing his journey from Firūzābād to Darab crossed the river by a ford between the villages of Tadwān and "Assun-Dscherd" (Asmängird?). He also admires the pleasant and flourishing aspect of Khafr. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 6 p. 384
« The 27th daye we traveled lges. of very craggi and vneven waye. We picht in a caravanserow wthin a furlong of a litle towne called Chaffer [Kafr]. This towne standeth between two hilles weh lyeth on from the other a leauge or theraboutes. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p. 79
« At right of the 6 miles the village of Khafr is passed, ½ a mile to the E. of the road in a small valley. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 179
« (20) tο Khafr 8 farsakhs. A hamlet of date-palms where araq of Portuguese grapes is made. It is a bad road.is passed. At 3 leagues Tarsu [? sic), 2 leagues off the road. A large river is is passed. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 notes
« Le dix-neuvième, je fus à chevalà quatre heures du matin, et marchai le long du vallon rempli de plusieurs villages, et que la même rivière dont je viens de parler rend assez fertile. Sur les huit heures je m'arrêtai à un carvansera bati en octogone, qui est à une grande lieue de la rivière, et dans cet espace il y a quelques villages. Le carvansera se nomme Khafr. [On the nineteenth, I mounted my horse at four o'clock in the morning and rode along the valley, which is dotted with several villages and made quite fertile by the same river I just mentioned. Around eight o'clock, I stopped at a caravanserai built in the shape of an octagon, about a league from the river, and within this area are several villages. The caravanserai is called Khafr.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 311
SOURCE for Khafro
« Khafro » in {map#1203 in #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.) 31:2:152-69 ~ fig. Country between Bandar Abbas abd Siraz}

R60-030 Carawanfera 05 apr
R60-030 Carawanfera 05 apr : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mokhak , Mukhak , موخک ,
VARIANT names: Mokhak ,
SOURCE for Mokhak

R60-032 Carawanfera 10 apr : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: RHSE UFI: 10399854 coordinate: lat 28.3548 long 53.6743
NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی ,
VARIANT names: Cah-i Talkh , Caravanfera Schathalgh , Caravansera , Chah-i-Talkh , Chah-talk , Chah-Talkh karavansaray , Chakal , Chatalk , Chatalkee , Chawtalk , Chiatel , Chisalk , Ciartalk , K. Tsjai Talg , Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Chah Talkh) , Saithal , Satalck , Satalk , Sjatallig , Sjattalgh , Tcha-Talk , Tchatar , Tʃchai-telhb , Ziatalle ,
SOURCE for Cah-i Talkh
« Cah-i Talkh » in Map 1. The routes from Shiraz to the Gulf via Lår (1638-1706). (After Jacqueline Calmard, Les routes de Chiraz au Golfe Persique.) #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 5 p. 666
SOURCE for Caravanfera Schathalgh
SOURCE for Caravansera
« The five dayes following were the most troublesome of all my life. For the eighth of February, we got but five Leagues, through the most horrid way in the world. I cannot imagine how people made a shift to travel that way, before Imanculi Chan (of whom somewhat hath been said elsewhere, who was so cruelly put to death with all his children, by Schach Sefi) caus'd it to be repaired, with incredible expence, when at this day a man cannot pass, but in great danger of his life, by reason of the uneven and narrow wayes, between steepy mountains on the one side, and dreadful precipices on the other; where I very narrowly avoided a mis-fortune, which happens there very often. For my Horse's hoof, which I was leading by the bridle, being fill'd with snow, he stumbled upon me, forc'd me out of the way, so as that had I not caught hold of a wild Almond tree, which happened to be there, as it were by miracle, I had there ended both my travel and life, in the precipices. I lodg'd at night in a Caravansera, where I had a house over my head; but that was all, for there was neither provender for my horses, nor any thing for my self and my servants to eat. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 4
SOURCE for Chah-i-Talkh
« (23) Chah-i-Talkh 5 farsakhs. A caravansarai. Bad road. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 notes
SOURCE for Chah-talk
« Das Karavanserail Chah-talk wird von allen Reisenden erwähnt, die nach 1674 die Route begingen, und wird daher erst in dieser Zeit entstanden sein, in der Zeit davor scheint sich hier nur ein Rahdar-Posten befunden zu haben (36). Zwischen Cah-Talk und Djahrom no- tiert Tavernier noch eine hohe Brücke mit einem Bogen, welche er als das Werk des Imam Kuli Khan bezeichnet (37).fn. 36 Fryer15 200. fn. 37 Tavernier24 323: „... on trouve un pont merveil- leux d'une seule arcade qui prend d'une montagne à l'autre c'est des plus memorables ouvrages d'Imam Kuli Khan...". [The Chah-talk caravanserail is mentioned by all travellers who travelled the route after 1674 and therefore only came into being at this time; before that there seems to have been only a Rahdar post here (36). Between Cah-Talk and Djahrom Tavernier notes a high bridge with an arch, which he describes as the work of Imam Kuli Khan (37). fn. 36 Fryer15 200. fn. 37 Tavernier24 323: "... we find a wonderful bridge with a single arch which stretches over a mountain, among the other most memorable works of Imam Kuli Khan...".] » #3240 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ p. 295-6
SOURCE for Chah-Talkh karavansaray
« From Jahrum to the karavansaray of Chah-Talkh, which was the first stop, it was six farsakhs. Speelman considered Chah-Talkh had been correctly named, for it was a bad, dilapidated place that was indeed a "bitter well". Thevenot, however, averred that the ChahTalkh karavansaray was small and good, standing isolated in a valley, near to which were two cisterns, one covered with a dome and the other with a pitched roof. The well near the karavansaray was bitter, hence the locality's name. Tavernier confirms this and adds that the place abounded with bitter almond and turpentine trees. There were also rähdärs who offered deer for eating, since there were many of these. The area also abounded with partridges as big as chickens. Hedges recorded that it had a spacious karavansaray with plenty of good, fresh water and provisions, but Chardin considered it a miserable place with bad water. Rich people, he wrote, took sweet water with them in goatskins or large copper flasks, in which the water remained cool. Next to the karavansaray was another one, which was partly in ruins in 1685. According to Fryer, the karavansaray was a new and ample one, with a new cistern with only slightly bitter water. It had two new and two old cisterns in 1691. LeBrun wrote that the karavansaray was a comfortable one.(93)
fn. 93 Valentijn, vol. V, pp. 263-4 (Saithal; Satalk); Fryer, vol. II, p. 201 (Chawtalk); Winninx, 17 July (Schathalgh); Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, pp. 115-6 (Tsjai Talg); Thevenot, vol. II, p. 129 (Tschai-telkh); Speelman, p. 63, who also men- tions the road protection at Sjatallig, and p. 65; ?? 1793, fol. 991 (Sjattalgh); Tavernier, pp. 315-16 (Chakal); Hedges, p. 206 (Chatalkee); Chardin, vol. VIII, pp. 468-9 (Chatalk); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 315 (Ziatalk). Membré in 1540 wrote that from Lar people carried water in skins on donkeys. Membré, p. 47; Carmelites, loc. cit. »
#1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, p. 77 Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~
SOURCE for Chakal
« A huit heures du matin j'arrivai à un carvansera appelé Chakal, ... Il ya à Chakal neuf ou dix radars pour la garde des chemins, et qui sont aussi maîtres du carvansera. Dès qu'on est arrivé ils vous demandent si vous voulez manger du chevreuil, étant sûrs de leur coup et n'ayant qu'à aller dans la montagne qui en est pleine. [At eight o'clock in the morning I arrived at a carvansera called Chakal, ... There are nine or ten radars in Chakal for guarding the paths, and which are also masters of the carvansera. As soon as you arrive they ask you if you want to eat venison, being sure of their choice and having only to go to the mountain which is full of it.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 316
SOURCE for Chatalk(Arch. Site)
« Chatalk » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 14 Karawanenwege zwischen Djahrom und Lar und Khondj und Lar sowie südlich und östlich von Lar}
« On trouve au sommet de la montagne trois citernes, mais qui, la plupart du temps, sont desséchées et sans eau. La descente jusqu'à la traite est le plus rude chemin que j'aie jamais vu, étant comme semé de grosses pierres et de rochers, où les chevaux ne sauroient mettre un pied droit devant l'autre. Le gite est aussi fort mauvais entre des montagnes, dans des caravanserais, près desquels il n'y a ni habitation ni verdure. On les appelle Chatalk (*), c'est-à-dire, puits d'eau amère, de la qualité de l'eau de puits, dont l'on est contraint de se servir, lorsque celle des citernes est tarie.fn. (*) Lisez tchah-talkh. Il n'y avoit pas long-temps que ce kara- vånseray étoit achevé quand Fryer y passa, au mois de juillet 1676-7. Le pieux fondateur de cet établissement avoit dépensé des sonumes considérables pour le fournir d'eau douce qu'on y apportoit d'assez loin pour la consommation des voyageurs. Les animaux bu- voient de l'eau du puits saumâtre. A new account of East India and Persia., pag. 241. (L-s.) [There are three cisterns at the top of the mountain, but most of the time they are dry and without water. The descent to the milking point is the roughest path I have ever seen, being strewn with large stones and rocks, where the horses would not be able to put one foot straight in front of the other. The accommodation is also very poor between mountains, in caravanserais, near which there is neither habitation nor greenery. They are called Chatalk (*), that is to say, bitter water wells, of the quality of well water, which we are forced to use when that of the cisterns is dried up. fn. (*) Read chah-talkh. This karavånseray had not long been completed when Fryer passed through it, in July 1676-7. The pious founder of this establishment had spent considerable sums to provide it with fresh water which was brought from quite a distance for the consumption of travelers. The animals drink water from the brackish well. A new account of East India and Persia., pag. 241. (L-s.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 467-8
SOURCE for Chatalkee
« August 18.-We rose from Mowueseer and lodged at Chatalkee, a spacious Caravan-Sarai, with plenty of good fresh water and provisions. »#3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 206
SOURCE for Chawtalk
« And as a Boundary thereto, is opposed the steepest Hill we have yet met with, insomuch that we found it a notable Task to gain the Top by the Morning of the following Day, contenting our selves to sit down at Chawtalk (2), but Nine Miles from Bonaru, being advised of a more troublesome Day's Journy the Munsel after this; not so difficult for Access as this, but a more continued Labour by the multitude of Mountains we were to Master ... Chawtalk, (by the most valuable Munificence of the Benefactor, yet living to Oversee this good Deed corn- pleated) is a noble new Caravan, an Ample and Princely Building: Near to it was, not long since, only a Well of Bitter Water, which gives Name to the Place; but by the Cost and Inquest of this Pious Benefactor, Sweeter Waters are at tfiis time produced, something more remote, for Men to Drink, though the Cattel refuse not generally the other. fn. 2 Pers. Chah-talkh, "bitter well," on the western of the two avail- able routes from Juwun to Jahrum, which is stony, hilly, and exposed to raids (Wilson, 162). Hedges (Diary, i, 206) calls it Chatalkee, "a spacious Caravan-Sarai, with plenty of good fresh water and pro- visions." » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 pp. 200-1
SOURCE for Chiatel
« Having mounted at the 22nd hour of the 14th, we traveled through mountains where we began to find woods and thorn trees. At the 24th hour we ate on another mountain near a stream and continued until midnight, when we took shelter in a halfdestroyed caravanserai called Chiatal, inside which they sold food, as in the last one. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 295
SOURCE for Chisalk
« 25th [February). Att 4 Evening sett out for Chisalk, 6 farsangs; very bad way, all hills, called the hills of Jaroone. In abundance of places was forced to gett of [f] our horses and walk on foot, and in some places the way not above a foot wide upon the eidge of a heigh mountain. About the middle of the way is [a] bridge joyneing one mountain to another Arrived at our stage about 10 at night. Chitalk a good Caravensaroy but near no village.
Chisalk. Chah Talkh; Pers. chah-i-talkh, bitter well. See Fryer, II, 200, 1. 2 and 201. It is the Tchai-telkh of Thévenot (Pt. II, 129), "that is to say bitter well, because of a well not far from that Karvanseray where the water is bitter." Le Bruyn calk the place Ziatalle (II, 67) and says that the inn was a "Beautiful stone building and very commodious for travellers."
A bridge joyneing one mountain to another. Fryer (II, 202) remarks of these mountains that their "Clifts could never be gained, had they not been joined together by rast Arches from Rock to Rock, their dismal Pits otherwise being rendred impassable." » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 42 and 48
SOURCE for Ciartalk
« Di buon'ora il Lunedi 27. ripigliammo il cammino e paſſate appena 5. miglia di pianura, cominciammo a falire e fcendere per precipitevoli montagne, per lo ſpazio di 20, miglia, fino al Karvanferà di Ciartalk. [Early on Monday the 27th we resumed our journey and having passed just 5 miles across the plain, we began to tread and descend steep mountains, for the space of 20 miles, up to the Karvanferà of Ciartalk.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p.268
SOURCE for K. Tsjai Talg
« den 14. Dez. Über das Djaromsche Gebirge bis zur Karawanserei Tsjai Talg 6 Farsach [December 14th. Over the Djarom Mountains to the caravanserai Tsjai Talg 6 Farsach, ] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 115
SOURCE for Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Chah Talkh)
SOURCE for Saithal
« Op deze wildernis vind men nog eenige watertanken met goed water voorzien. Wy quamen dan eindelyk ontrent een uur na de middag (zoo wy giften) op den 14. Saithal, dito tot Saithal in een goede Karrawan- fera, leggende in een Valey, niet verre van 't voornoemd gebergte. Hier heeft men z nieuwe en verſcheide oude Tanken, ook cen vervallene Karrawanfera. [In this wilderness you will find some water tanks with good water supply. We finally arrived about an hour after noon (as we thought) on the 14th Saithal, ditto to Saithal in a good Karrawanfera, laying in a valley, not far from the aforementioned mountains. Here one has new and several old tanks, as well as a dilapidated Karrawanfera.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 264
« After the Jahrom Mountain, which had three cisterns on top, though these were most of the time empty according to Chardin, the traveler had to pass two others, one of which was equipped with a cistern. From Jahrum to caravanserai Chah-Talkh, which was the first stop, was 6 farsakh. Speelman considered Chah-Talkh had been correctly named, for it was a bad, dilapidated place that indeed had a bitter well. Thevenot, however, submits that the caravanserai Chah- Talkh was small and good, standing all alone in a valley, near to which were two cisterns, one covered with a dome, the other with a steep roof. The well near the caravanserai was bitter, hence the name. Tavernier confirms this and adds that the place abounded with bitter almond and turpentine trees (Pistacia terebinthus). There were rahdars who offered deer for a meal, of which there were many. The area also abounded with partridges as big as chickens. Hedges recorded that it had a spacious caravanserai with plenty of good fresh water and provisions, but Chardin called it a miserable place as was its water. Rich people, he wrote, took sweet water with them in goatskins or large copper flasks, in which the water remained cool. Next to the caravanserai was another one, which was partly in ruins in 1685. Fryer reported that the caravanserai was a new and an ample one, with a new cistern with not so bitter water. It had two new and two old cisterns in 1691. LeBrun wrote that the caravanserai was a comfortable one. (93) fn. Winninx, July 17 (Schathalgh); Kaempfer 1968, pp. 115-6 (Tsjai Talg); Thevenot 1971, vol. 2, p. 129 (Tschai-telkh); Speelman 1908, p. 63, who also mentions the road protection at Sjatallig. Ibid., p. 65; KA 1793, f. 991 (Sjattalgh); Tavernier 1930, pp. 315-6 (Chakal); Hedges 1967, p. 206 (Chatalkee); Chardin 1811, vol. 8, pp. 468-69 (Chatalk); LeBrun 1718, vol. 2, p. 315 (Ziatalk). Membré in 1540 wrote that as of Lar people carried water in skins on donkeys. Membré 1993, p. 47; Anonymous 1939, vol. 1, p. 219, note. » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 273
SOURCE for Satalck
« Durch Satalck, Deku, Schirafir, und andere gemeine Flecken und Städtgen kamen wir gegen den 7. Octobris zu Lar an. [Through Satalck, Deku, Shirafir, and other small towns and villages, we arrived at Lar about the 7th of October.] » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707 ~ p. 265
« SCHILLINGER (1700) | Satalck LEBRUN (1705) | Ziatalle WILSON (1908) | Chah-Talk » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., original manuscript, Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, 1984 ~ table p. 14
SOURCE for Satalk
« Den 25. dito 's morgens met zons opgang quam zyn Ed:, myl gereden hebbende, aan den berg Hoffenni, den welken zyn Ed: met zyn gevolg te voet opgaan moest, alzoo het te peerd niet, dan met het uiterſte gevaar, te doen was; en quam, na nog z mylen verder geraakt te zyn, in de Karrawaanſera Satalk. [On the 25th of this month, at sunrise, his son, having ridden with him, arrived at Mount Hoffenni, which his son, with his retinue, had to ascend on foot, as it was impossible to do so on horseback, except at the utmost risk; and, after having proceeded a good many miles further, he arrived in the Karrawaanſera Satalk.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273
« Den 25. dito, na 6 mylen over den berg Jarôn gereden te hebben, in de Karrawaanſera Satalk. [On the 25th, after having ridden 6 miles over Mount Jarôn, in the Karrawaanſera Satalk.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285
SOURCE for Sjatallig
« Den 30sten dito naer gewoonte 's mergens heel vroegh pakten op ende reysden weder voort en dus vier mijlen sonder yets besonders in den wegh t'ontmoeten quamen ontrent 10 uuren voormiddagh in de sera of rustplaets Sjatallig (1), een slegt, out vervallen nest en dat om de woeste plaets daar 't legt nu met regt de naem van bittere putt, gelijk Sja-talligh verduytst in onse tael betekent, dragen magh.fn. 1 Tjah talg bittere (water)put. De Simla kaart heeft Chahtalk.... In plaats van deze kleinealleenstaande karavanserai vindt Fryer er een nieuwe gebouwd, anAmple and Princely Building", die ook door de Bruyn met lof vermeldwordt (Zja talle). Dupré vindt beide karav. nog tegenover elkanderstaande, maar de oudste was geheel vervallen.tioned the stream of living water at Tangedelon), and so [On the 30th ditto, as usual, we picked up very early and traveled on again and so four miles without anything special in the way, we met around 10 o'clock in the morning in the sera or resting place Shabby (1), a poor, out of ruins nest and that because of the desolate place where it lies, it can now rightly bear the name of bitter putt, as Sja-talligh means in our language. fn. 1 Well talg bitter (water) well. The Simla card has Chahtalk. ... Instead of this small, isolated caravanserai, Fryer finds a new one built, an Ample and Princely Building", which is also mentioned with praise by de Bruyn (Zja talle). Dupré finds both caravans still opposite each other, but the oldest was completely dilapidated] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 63
SOURCE for Sjattalgh
« ... ; ?? 1793, fol. 991 (Sjattalgh); ... » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 84 f.n.93
SOURCE for Tcha-Talk
« Après une heure de marche, encore dans une route unie, on trouve deux caravan- sérails, l'un vis-à-vis de l'autre, presque au fond de la vallée. Cet endroit a pris le nom de Tcha-Talk ou double pierre. Le premier caravansérail ne semble qu'un amas de dé- combres, et il n'y a plus qu'une aîle du se- cond, où nous passâmes la nuit. Auprès sont trois citernes de forme circulaire, dont deux seulement étaient pleines d'eau. La vallée a son débouché vers le nord-ouest. [After an hour's walk, still on a level road, we find two caravanserais, one opposite the other, almost at the bottom of the valley. This place has taken the name of Tcha-Talk or double stone. The first caravanserai seems only a pile of rubble, and there is only one wing of the second, where we spent the night. Nearby are three cisterns of circular shape, of which only two were full of water. The valley has its outlet towards the northwest.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 451
SOURCE for Tchatar
« 9 fevrier. Même direction. En sortant de la ville, je trouvai encore quelques ruines du caravansérail dont parle Chardin, et à côté un nouveau.Après avoir traversé le Kou-Albourt par une route fort difficile et fort escarpée, nous arrivons au caravansérail isolé de Tchatar, de l'autre côté. de la montagne. [February 9. Same direction. On leaving the town, I found some more ruins of the caravanserai of which Chardin speaks, and next to it a new one.After crossing the Kou-Albourt by a very difficult and steep road, we arrive at the isolated caravanserai of Tchatar, on the other side. of the mountain. ] » ##3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838., Librairie Encyclopédique De Roret, Paris, 1843 ~ pt.2 p. 524
SOURCE for Tʃchai-telhb
« we came to a little Kervanʃeray ſtanding all alone, near to which are two Ciſterns, the one covered with a Dome, three or four Fathom in Diametre, wherein there are three Doors, and as many Windows; the other has a fleep Roof: this place is called Tʃchai-telbb, (that is to lay) bitter Well, becauſe of a Well not far from that Kervanʃeray whole water is bitter. There is befides, another Well behind the Kervanʃeray, but it is dry, and this place is fix Agatfch from Dgiarenn.we came to a little Kervanʃeray ſtanding all alone, near to which are two Cifterns, the one covered with a Dome, three or four Fathom in Diametre, wherein there are three Doors, and as many Windows; the other has a fleep Roof: this place is called Tʃchai-telbb, (that is to lay) bitter Well, becauſe of a Well not far from that Kervanʃeray whole water is bitter. There is befides, another Well behind the Kervanʃeray, but it is dry, and this place is fix Agatſch from Dgiarenn. » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 129
SOURCE for Ziatalle
« Il étoit 9 heures avant que nous eusfions traverſé la montagne,nous arrivåmes une heure après au Caravanserai de Ziatalle, beau bâtiment iment de pierre, trèscommode pour les voyageurs,fitué dans une plaine bordée de montagnes, à 5. lieuës de l'endroit où nous avions paflé la nuit. [It was 9 o'clock before we crossed the mountain, we arrived an hour later at the Caravanserai of Ziatalle, a beautiful stone building, very convenient for travelers, located in a plain bordered by mountains, 5 leagues from the place where we had wandered around all night.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 315

R60-033 Carawanfera 11 apr : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mowzar , Mowzar , موزار , موزر ,
VARIANT names: Mowzar ,
SOURCE for Mowzar

R60-028 Carawansera : place IRN (caravanserai)
NIMA/GNS feature: none UFI: 12171906 coordinate: lat 30.419815 long 53.214939 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Carawansera , Karawanenhalteort Samian , Karvansara-ye `Abbasi , Khana Kargam caravanserai , Shahid'abad Caravanserai ,
SOURCE for Carawansera
« On the 27 ... That day we travailed 24 [English] Miles, and at night came to a very com|modious and stately Carawansera, such as I had not met with all the way unless in som great City, being all round with Galleries. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 331
SOURCE for Karawanenhalteort Samian
« #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ [[fn 79] Samian Caravan Stop (Plate 11.2) (Figs. 5; 113) 81
Location: 20 km south of Dehbid and 18 km north of Pasargadae (Madar-e Suleiman), at an elevation of 2030 m above sea level, on the eastern caravan route from Isfahan to Shiraz. The site contains two caravanserails, a bridge, and a ruined area.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 65
SOURCE for Karvansara-ye `Abbasi
SOURCE for Khana Kargam caravanserai
« On the right it bank is the large masonry caravansarai of Khana Kargam, somewhat ruined. Passing this on the left, the road ascends some round-topped hills b by rather a steep gradient, and descending slightly thence, goes up the bed of a nala to the top of another range. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 189
SOURCE for Shahid'abad Caravanserai

R60-029 Mestzid
R60-029 Mestzid : place IRN (caravanserai)
Supplement: Mozaffari Caravanserai کاروانسرای مظفری
VARIANT names: Karavanserail (Madresseh) Madar-e Suleiman (Soleyman) (Pasargadae) , Mestzid Carawansera , Mozaffari Caravanserai ,
SOURCE for Karavanserail (Madresseh) Madar-e Suleiman (Soleyman) (Pasargadae)
« Lage: 150 m nördlich des Kyros-Grabes, das in der er-sten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts in ein islamisches Heiligtum (Madar-e Suleiman) umgewandelt wurde, im Gebiet der achaemenidischen Ruinen von Pasargadae, in +1900 m ü. N. N., an der mittelalterlichen Karawanenstraße von Esfa-han nach Shiraz, die durch die Schlucht (Tang-e Bulaghi) südlich von Madar-e Suleiman führte, jedoch wohl nicht im Verlauf des achaemenidischen Felsenkanals in dieser Schlucht, sondern bei günstigerem Wasserstand entlang dem Pulvar-Flußbett (83). ... Der Grundriß kann sowohl eine Madresseh in Verbin-dung mit dem Heiligtum (Kyros-Grab), als auch ein Kara-vanserail darstellen. Wahrscheinlich ist der Bau, zumindest im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert, als Straßenstation benutzt wor-den. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 45,20 × 40,30 m, Hofabmes-sungen 18,50 × 16,50 m.
fn. 83 AMI 24, 1991, 27 ff. [Location: 150 m north of the tomb of Cyrus, which was converted into an Islamic sanctuary (Madar-e Suleiman) in the first half of the 13th century, in the area of ??the Achaemenid ruins of Pasargadae, at 1900 m above sea level, on the medieval caravan route from Esfahan to Shiraz, which led through the gorge (Tang-e Bulaghi) south of Madar-e Suleiman. However, probably not along the course of the Achaemenid rock canal in this gorge, but rather, at more favorable water levels, along the Pulvar riverbed (83). ... The ground plan could represent either a madreh connected to the sanctuary (Cyrus' tomb) or a caravanserai. The building was probably used as a roadside station, at least in the 18th and 19th centuries. Dimensions: External dimensions 45.20 × 40.30 m, courtyard dimensions 18.50 × 16.50 m.
#3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 68
SOURCE for Mestzid Carawansera
« On the 28 we set forward on our Journey and came to a fair Vil|lage called Mestzid, where we had a very commodious Carawansera, and stay'd there that night. The said Carawansera was nothing inferior to that we had the night before, aswell in respect of Conveniency as ornament, having much variety of Carved work, as Foliage, Fru|cturage, etc. after the Persian manner: the Walls also were covered with a neat sort of white glazed Tiles. Near to this Place is the Sepulchre and Tomb of the Mother of Schach Solyman, » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 331
SOURCE for Mozaffari Caravanserai

R60-030 Siwa : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sivan , Sivand , سیوند ,
VARIANT names: Sevan , Sivand , Siwa , Siwan ,
SOURCE for Sevan
« 15th [February]. At noon Arrived at Sevan, 5 farsangs. The first farsang good way, the next two bad cragie way, amongst rocks and mountains, but the last 2 good way again; most of our way had a fine large brooke runing by the road, good store of game. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 40
SOURCE for Sivand
« Leaving this happy valley we entered another defile , which brought us, a little before 6 ?.?. , to the village of Sívand, in which is situated the last telegraph station before Shíráz. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 244
SOURCE for Siwa
« On theNine and Twentieth of Febr. we came to a little village called Siwa, having that day travailed 5 Dutch Miles. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 331
SOURCE for Siwan
« The 26. I got five Leagues to the Village of Siwan; The 27. six Leagues to Mardasch. This last Village is very famous, for the Antiquities which are to be seen near it, and which obliged us, as they do all that travel that way, to make a particular Observation thereof. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2

R60-031 Mardasch
R60-031 Mardasch : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Marvdasht , مرودشت ,
VARIANT names: Mardasch , Mardasch , Margascan , Marvdasht , Merdast , Mervdasht ,
SOURCE for Mardasch
« The next day we set forward on our Journey and travailing a good pace, came pretty early into the village Mardasch, where we resolved to rest a little being almost wearied out with the badness of the Way and Weather. The next morning I took a turn without Town on Horse-back, with one of our Company; where having rode about 2 Miles to the Eastward from the Town, we descried a huge fair Pile of Building, » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 331
« The 26. I got five Leagues to the Village of Siwan; The 27. six Leagues to Mardasch. This last Village is very famous, for the Antiquities which are to be seen near it, and which obliged us, as they do all that travel that way, to make a particular Observation thereof. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2
SOURCE for Margascan
« porque él queria llegar otro dia á Margascan, quatro leguas de aquella aldea, por ver las grandes y tan nonbradas ruinas de Chilminara [because he wanted to arrive another day at Margascan, four leagues from that village, to see the great and renowned ruins of Chilminara] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 369
SOURCE for Marvdasht
« Neere Chilmanor is Mardafb (corruptly by the Spaniard cald Margatean) a Towne of two hundred houſes, the people fo fuperftitious that fuch houfes as we came in they perfumd and ayr'd (fome were happily fired) for that we were not Muffulmen. From this place to Sheraz are ten farfangs; » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 147
SOURCE for Merdast
« Mon guide me conduifit vers le foir à Merdaft, un mauvais Village à une Heue de ces ruines vers le fud. [My guide led me to the village of Merdaft, a small village about an hour from these ruins. ] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 98
SOURCE for Mervdasht
« To reach Persepolis, we strike southward toward the Plain of Mervdasht. The road runs at first through a mountain gorge, picturesque in wild scenery, but dangerous at night because of its rugged track and robbers. The river Polvar, the classic Medus, pushes its way with turbulent stream through the craggy defile. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 295