R71path Stein-2.kmz

R71path Stein-2

R71-024 Minab
R71-024 Minab : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3075046 coordinate: lat 27.131043 long 57.087159
NIMA/GNS names: Minab , ميناب ,
VARIANT names: K'u-lu-ma-la , Menao , Mina , Minab , Minao ,
SOURCE for K'u-lu-ma-la
« Minab town, 27° 09' N, 57° 05'E? » #329 Ma Huan, Ying-Yai Sheng-Lan, The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores 1433, Cambridge University Press for the Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1970 app. 2 p. 298
SOURCE for Menao
« MENAO, lugar de Minab, em 27° 10' lat. N. e 57° 05' long. E., na margem do rio do mesmo nome, que desagua no estreito de Ormuz. [Diogo do Couto - Da Asia]. » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953 ~ vol. D-N p. 261
SOURCE for Mina
« De haven of burght van Kombru, is twee dagh-reizens van Mina. Zy wierd eertijts alzoo by de Portugeſen genoemt; maer namaels Abaffi geheten, zedert de Perſiaenſe koningh Abbas hen die had afgenomen. [The harbor or fortress of Kombru is two days' journey from Mina. It was once called that way by the Portuguese; but called Namaels Abaffi, the Persian king Abbas said to those who had taken it away.] » #3232 Olfert Dapper, Asia, of Naukeurige beschryving van het rijk des Grooten Mogols, en een groot gedeelte van Indiën ... 't Koningryk van Persie., J. van Meurs, Amsterdam, 1672 ~ p. 73
SOURCE for Minab
« Shahvar in the centre of it. The village seems very fairly prosperous; got out of the grove at 10-5 A.M., and came on to the bed of Minab river, with the town of Mináb on the far side, where we arrived at 10-15 Α.Μ. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 27
SOURCE for Minao
« MINAO, fortaleza de - V. Menao, lugar de. [Diogo do Couto - Da Asia]. » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953 ~ vol. D-N p. 268
« "The town and fort of Minao lie to the N.E. of the ancient city, and are built upon the lowest spur of the Bashkurd mountains, commanding a gorge through which the Rudbar river debouches on the plain of Hormuzdia." In these new and interesting particulars it is pleasing to find such precise corroboration both of Edrisi and of Ibn Batuta. The former, writing in the 12th century, says that Hormuz stood on the banks of a canal or creek from the Gulf, by which vessels came up to the city. The latter specifies the breadth of sea between Old and New Hormuz as three farsakhs. (Edrisi, I. 424; I. B. II. 230.) » #2066 Yule, Henry, Sir, The book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian : concerning the kingdoms and marvels of the East, J. Murray, London, 1903 ~ vol. 1 p. 111
« 20. The contentions for the succession, between the members of the Muskat family, threw the Gulf into a state of great confusion : the Joasmees captured two vessels (the Shannon and Trimmer), belonging to Mr. Manisty, with public despatches, and treated the commanders with great severity and cruelty ; and a fleet of forty sail surrounded and fired into the Mornington cruiser, but a broadside or two compelled them to sheer off. They were co-operating, also, with Moolla Hussein of Kishm, with whom they were allied, against Bunder Abbas and Minao ; whilst Beder, the successful competitor for the Imaum-ship, was projecting a plan (notwithstanding the support he was receiving from the Wahabees) with the Uttoobees, to destroy the Joasmees, who were at this time in subjection to Abdool Azeez.
21. Syud Beder, on the adjustment of the disputes with Syud Ghes of Sohar, proceeded with a land and sea force for the recovery of Bunder Abbas, Minao, and Ormus, which he effected. » #115 Thomas R. Hughes (ed.), Arabian Gulf Intelligence: Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government, New Series, No. XXIV, 1856, Oleander Press Ltd, Cambridge:New York, 1985 ~ p. 115

R71-025 Kumbil
R71-025 Kumbil : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3071909 coordinate: lat 27.02 long 56.9991
NIMA/GNS names: Kombil , Kumbil , كمبيل , کومبیل ,
VARIANT names: Kombil , Kumbil ,
SOURCE for Kombil
SOURCE for Kumbil
« But from the outlying little hamlet of Kumbil some 10 miles to the south I was able to visit extensive debris-strewn patches of ground with remains unmistakably proving occupation down to mediaeval times. Owing to manifest changes of the river channels no ships could approach these places now within miles. As they are at the same time liable to be flooded at exceptionally high tides, it is clear that the level of the shore has been lowered here. The plentiful pieces of Chinese porcelain and stoneware which could readily be picked up here among Muhammadan pottery, as well as the fragments we found of Chinese copper coins, offered eloquent evidence of the distant trade intercourse which Hormuz had once seen in mediaeval times. » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 129

R71-026 Bandar Abbas
R71-026 Bandar Abbas : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3055107 coordinate: lat 27.1865 long 56.2808
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar `Abbas , Bandar `Abbasi , Bandar-e `Abbas , Cambarao , Gombroon , Gumrun , Port Comorao , بندر عباس , بندر عباس , بندر عباسی , گمبرن ,
VARIANT names: Bandar , Bandar Abbas , Bandar port , Bandel , Bandel do Comorão , Bander - Abassi , Bander goomroone , Bander-Abaffie , Banderabassi , Bander-Abassi , Banderabassy , Bender Abaʃʃi , Bender gomrow , Bender-Abassy , Bender-Abbassi , Camarão , Combrú , Comerão , Gambrun , Gamron , Gamru , Gamrun , Gombroon , Gombrun , Goumeron , Hurmuz or Bandar ,
SOURCE for Bandar
« so that I re|solv'd to get to Bandar, whatever it cost me, out of the confidence I had that there, among so many Merchants of several Nations who trade thither, I should find some ease. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 6
SOURCE for Bandar Abbas
« There are grounds for believing that the town is situated on or near the site of the small fishing village of Shahrū (see Iṣṭakhri, 67) or Shahruvā (see the Ḥudūd al-ʿAlam, 124 and 375). When the neighbouring island of Djarūn (or Djarrūn) ceased to be so called and was given instead the name of Hormuz at the beginning of the 8th/14th century, the former name was transferred to Shahrū. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 1 p. 1013
« trockensten, allerheißesten, giftigsten, ungesundesten, verfluchtesten und der Hölle schatverwande Ormusschen Seehafen und Stadt Gamron oder Bandar 'Abbas. [driest, hottest, most poisonous, unhealthy, most cursed and hell-bound Ormuz seaport and city of Gamron or Bandar 'Abbas.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 125
« Leaving Chahaly, immediately dropped into the wide bed of a river with high sandstone cliffs on each side. This we followed for 20 minutes, and then ascending the cliffs to the right by a sharp, short pass, got into a lot of curious sandstone hills cut up in every direction into funny forms and peaks by the effects of running water, Followed along a road in the plateau of sandstone, which was nothing but a series of narrow troughs cut by the innumerable feet of donkeys and assisted by rain, for over an hour, and then descending quickly, came on to the sands which surround Bandar Abbas. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 22
« 1614. (The Captain-major) “under orders of Dom Luis da Gama returned to succour Comorão, but found the enemy’s fleet already there and the fort surrendered.…News which was heard by Dom Luis da Gama and most of the people of Ormuz in such way as might be expected, some of the old folks of Ormuz prognosticating at once that in losing Comorão Ormuz itself would be lost before long, seeing that the former was like a barbican or outwork on which the rage of the Persian enemy spent itself, giving time to Ormuz to prepare against their coming thither.” - Bocarro, Decada, 349. » #379 Yule, Henry and Burnell A. C., Hobson-Jobson, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, Ware, Hertfordshire, 1996 ~ p. 384
« from Lar to Bandar (28). And that is where the harbour of Hormuz (29) is, fn. 28 By "Bandar" (lit., harbour) Nikitin means Old Hormuz (see next note).fn. 29 Hormuz is an island and old seaport in the Persian Gulf. Old Hormuz stood on the coast. » #623 Nikitin, Athanasy, Khozhenie za tri moria Afanasiia Nikitina, 1466-1472 gg. (Afansy Nikitin's Voyage beyond the Three Seas, 1466-1472), Moskva, 1960, ~ p. 109
SOURCE for Bandar port
« Ho dominguo pela menhaam chegaram ao porto de banda que está na terra firme tres legoas d ormuz, [On Sunday morning they arrived at the port of Banda, which is on dry land three leagues from Ormuz,] » #2516 Afonso de Albuquerque, ed.Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão Pato, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, seguidas de documentos que as elucidam, Academia Real Das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1884, 1898 ~ vol. 2 p. 235
SOURCE for Bandel
« fn. 11 In referring to the general area of the Persian littoral, Silva y Figueroa employs the Portuguese term Bandel, based on Persian bandar (meaning “harbor city”); this region corresponds to the present-day Iranian province of Hormozgān, which faces the Persian Gulf near the Straits of Hormuz (see p. 244) » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017 ~ p. 246
« fn. 94 The Persian word bandar, meaning “harbor city,” refers to the Persian littoral around
Gamrū [Bandar-e ʿAbbās]; see YandB, 58, s.v. “bandel.” For the province in which the Bandel
is located, see p. 246 n. 11. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017 ~ p. 285
The next morning the sultan of the Bandel, under whose jurisdiction [fol. 476r] falls the section of mainland between Gamrū and the island of Qeshm, » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017 ~ p. 732
« The Portuguese were detained "some days" at the port of Bandel, taking horses (canalgaduras) to ride upon, and camels for their possessions (fato), and sundry other things for their journey. Our author, in a brief note, describes Bandel (Bandar Abbas) as a place of thatched houses, inhabited by poor people, living in a land well provided with dates. » #3255 Ronald Bishop Smith., The First Age of the Portuguese Embassies, Navigations and Peregrinations in Persia (1507-1524), Decatur Press, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970 ~ p. 64
SOURCE for Bandel do Comorão
« The origins of Bandel do Comorão lay in the period after the Portuguese took Hormuz in 1515 during ‘the time of the Kings of Lar who allowed them to stay there so they could better supply Ormuz.’ (5) The island’s hereditary rulers had traditionally claimed allegiance from parts of Mughestan and Birunat from which were derived significant revenues.(6)
fn. 5 CASA OCD 234/d, Fr Redento de la Cruz, Relación. chap. XXX, f.1
fn. 6 Aubin, Jean. 1973 ‘Le Royaume d’Ormuz au début du XVIe siècle’, Mare Luso-Indicum, vol 2, 107-8. Mughestan comprised the coastal territory east of the Strait of Hormuz between Minab in the north and the southern coast at Jask. Minab, Manujan and Vaskird, north-east of the Strait, represented three districts of Birunat from which Hormuz earned revenues. » #1698 Faridany, E. K., Signal Defeat: the Portuguese Loss of Comorão in 1614 and its Political and Commercial Consequences at Portugal, The Persian Gulf and Safavid Persia Conference, 8-9 September 2007 The Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, Washington, 2007 ~ p.2
SOURCE for Bander - Abassi
« On a à la gauche les montagnes, et la mer à la droite, mais à tant de distance qu'on ne la voit que quand on est tout proche de Bander - Abassi; on dé- couvre sur la route plusieurs bois de dattiers, qui sont les maisons d'été des gens de ces pays- là. A cinq cents pas de la ville, il y a un bureau de raalidars, ou gardes des grands chemins, qui sert de bornes au gouvernement de Laar, lequel s'étend jusqu'en ce lieu. Je fus mettre pied à terre au bureau de la compagnie des Indes orientales de France , dont un fort honnête homme de Dijon, nommé M. Perrot , ëtolt le chef. [We have the mountains on the left, and the sea on the right, but at such a distance that we only see it when we are very close to Bander - Abassi; On the road we discover several date palm groves, which are the summer homes of the people of these countries. Five hundred steps from the town, there is an office of raalidars, or guards of the highways, which serves as boundaries for the government of Laar, which extends to this place. I disembarked at the office of the French East India Company, of which a very honest man from Dijon, named M. Perrot, was the head.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 505-6
SOURCE for Bander goomroone
19 The 19th daye being Fridaye we came to Bander goomroone [Gombroon], being the port,wch place we did long to see; and att lengtht the almighti God out of His bountiful merciehath brought vs safe, haueing past thorow great many misseries and troubles. This night Mr.Robert Hedges, a gentn and being a spetiall freind of mine, agreed wth my self for to ride thorow to the towne being 7 lges., and lighted att the English howse, wher we were courteousely entertayned.Here we took our lodging this night.
SOURCE for Bander-Abaffie
« « Endlich den 15, Octobr.noch fruhe mors gens bey guter Zeit langten wir vor Ban- der-Abaffie an: wurden ganz gutig und ungehindert eingelassen/ und gleich im ersten Eingang von verschiedenen Euro påern freundlichst begrússet/uud in gelegene Caravanfera eingewiesen. [Finally, on October 15th, early in the morning, we arrived at Bander-Abaffie in good time. We were let in very easily and without hindrance and were greeted very kindly by several Europeans at the first entrance and shown to the nearby caravan site.] » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707~ » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707 ~ p. 272-3
SOURCE for Banderabassi
« Banderabassi » in {map#980 Plan particulier du golfe de Perse, depuis les caps de Rosalgatte et de Jasque, jusqu'à Bassora / [d'Après de Mannevillette] ; Dheulland sculp, Anonyme, Guillaume Dheulland, Graveur, 1700-1799, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE DD-2987 (6746)} see AHduGP map 74
SOURCE for Bander-Abassi
« De Bend-Ali au Bander-Abassi il n'y a plus que deux grandes lieues, et la plus grande partie du chemin est un pays de palmiers. [From Bend-Ali to Bander-Abassi there are only two long leagues, and the greater part of the way is a country of palm trees.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 326
« Le 20, me trouvant pressé par les médecins d'emmener mes gens hors du Bander-Abassi, [On the 20th, finding myself under pressure from the doctors to take my people out of Bander-Abassi,] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 78
SOURCE for Banderabassy
« I left Surat on February 21, 1671, on an English ship bound for the port of Banderabassy, from where I set out by land on March 25, to go as far as Babylon. » #3606 Voyage des Indes orientales, mêlé de plusieurs histoires curieuses, par M. Carré.., Vve de C. Barbin, Paris, 1699 ~ vol. 1 p. 143
SOURCE for Bender Abaʃʃi
« us from the Fort of Bender Abaʃʃi, it we had come there in the Night time, and therefore we parted not from Bendali till next day at half an hour after two in the Morning, and a little after five a Clock we came to the Houſe of a Rhadar near the Town of Bender, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 135
SOURCE for Bender gomrow
« The second of August about mid- night, I arrived at Bender gomrow, where the Portugals keepe a Castle with seven or eight Souldiers, within it. And this Bender gomrow, which is on the mayne land, was sometimes the Kings of Lar, and after that Abreham Cans, and so it came to the King of Ormus. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 460
SOURCE for Bender-Abassy
« 27 avril. Les chameaux sont en effet arrivés, et j'espère enfin quitter Bender-Abassy, où la chaleur est extrême, et l'air excessivement mauvais. [April 27. The camels have indeed arrived, and I hope to finally leave Bender-Abassy, where the heat is extreme, and the air extremely bad. ] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 585
SOURCE for Bender-Abbassi
« Nous arrivâmes à midi à Bender-Abbassi . Le commandant eut la bonté de venir nous recevoir à la porte de sa maison . [We arrived at Bender-Abbassi at noon.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 390
SOURCE for Camarão
« GOMBROON, n.p. The old name in European documents of the place on the Persian Gulf now known as Bandar ’Abbas, or ’Abbasi. The latter name was given to it when Shah ’Abbas, after the capture and destruction of the island city of Hormuz, established a port there. The site which he selected was the little town of Gambrún. This had been occupied by the Portuguese, who took it from the ‘King of Lar’ in 1612, but two years later it was taken by the Shah. The name is said (in the Geog. Magazine, i. 17) to be Turkish, meaning ‘a Custom House.’ The word alluded to is probably gumruk, which has that meaning, and which is again, through Low Greek, from the Latin commercium. But this etymology of the name seems hardly probable. That indicated in the extract from A. Hamilton below is from Pers. kamrun, ‘a shrimp,’ or Port. camarão, meaning the same. » #379 Yule, Henry and Burnell A. C., Hobson-Jobson, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, Ware, Hertfordshire, 1996 ~ p. 384
SOURCE for Combrú
« 1622.—“That evening, at two hours of the night, we started from below that fine tree, and after travelling about a league and a half…we arrived here in Combrú, a place of decent size and population on the sea-shore, which the Persians now-a-days, laying aside as it were the old name, call the ‘Port of Abbas,’ because it was wrested from the Portuguese, who formerly possessed it, in the time of the present King Abbas.”—P. della Valle, ii. 413; [in Hak. Soc. i. 3, he calls it Combu]. » #379 Yule, Henry and Burnell A. C., Hobson-Jobson, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, Ware, Hertfordshire, 1996 ~ p. 384
SOURCE for Comerão
« No entanto o rei da Persia tinhase já apoderado em 1614 do forte de Comerão na terra firme, a tres leguas de Ormuz e das ilhas de Baharem e de Queixome, aquella muito rica por causa da pesca das perolas, e esta porque abastecia Ormuz de agua doce e de refrescos. [However, in 1614 the king of Persia had already taken over the fort of Comerão on the mainland, three leagues from Ormuz and the islands of Baharem and Queixome, the former very rich because of pearl fishing, and the latter because it supplied Ormuz with water. candy and refreshments] » #2280 Manoel Bernardes Branco, Portugal e os estrangeiros, Livraria De A. M. Pereira, Lisboa, 1879 ~ p. 315
SOURCE for Gambrun
« Of these possibly Najiram may stand for the island of Jarm on which the later town of Hurmuz stood. Karman is the Carmon of p. 76, n. 1, and p. 77, n. 1, i.e., Gambrun, which is not far from the site of Hurmuz in Mas'udi's time. » #40 Barbosa, Duarte, The Book of Duarte Barbosa, an Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and Their Inhabitants. Translated by M. L. Dames, Hakluyt Society:Asian Educational Services, London:New Delhi, 1918-21:2002 ~ p.79 notes
SOURCE for Gamron
« bezitten wij min of meer uitgebreide aanteekeningen van de hand der vele Europeanen, die hunne lotgevallen hebben te boek gesteld). Sedert echter Gamron (Bender-Abbas) in de tweede helft der 18de eeuw zijn plaats als [We have more or less extensive notes by many Europeans who have recorded their adventures. However, since Gamron (Bender-Abbas) took its place in the second half of the 18th century] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. V
« The path from here to Gamron extends eastward, and partly along the shore. » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 319
« Den 29. dito zyn wy na Bendar Abaafi vertrokken, en tot Gamron (zynde de zelve ſtad, na Abaaz Bandar Abaafi genaamd) gekomen. [On the 29th we left Bendar Abaafi and came to Gamron (the same city called Bandar Abaafi after Abaaz).] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 267
« 23 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 385
« 6 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 359
SOURCE for Gamru
« However, in 1622, when Hormuz changed hands, most buildings were destroyed and the Safavides decided to divert all traffic to Gamru, on the mainland opposite of Hormuz. The rise of Gamru, named Bandar 'Abbàs by their new masters, caused the final decline of Hormuz. » #2023 Ralph Kauz and Roderich Ptak, Hormuz in Yuan and Ming sources, Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, ~ p. 29
« The tents were pitched next to the remains of the fortress of Gamrū, the same one that had been so infamously lost three years earlier,(3) the blame for which falls [margin: less heavily] on its defenders [margin: than upon those who failed to come to its aid]. [fol. 192v] The Ambassador was forced to tarry in this location for a few days in the blistering heat because horses had to be purchased for his servants and for the monks he had brought with him for the journey to Lār and Shirāz. fn 3 3 See p. 246, n. 11. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 289
SOURCE for Gamrun
« The great depot for the produce of India, China, and Persia, was then removed to Gombroon* and Ormuz, and has ever since remained in the hands of the Persian monarch. » fn. « * Gamrún, or Gamrú.-E » #253 Kempthorne, Lieut. G.B., Notes on a Survey along the Eastern Shores of the Persian Gulf in 1828, Royal Geographical Society, 1835
SOURCE for Gombroon
« The name Djarun was transferred to the small town and port of Suru or Shahru on the mainland 17 km to the north-west, where goods in transit to or from Hormuz were transhipped; this name became corrupted to Gamru and was further corrupted by Europeans into Gambrun, Gombrun and Gombroon. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 3 p. 585
« they returning to Gombroon, and we going on Three Pharsangs that Night to Band Ally (1) fn. 1 Band ’All, “the embankment of ’All,” about 9 miles S.W. of Bandar ’Abbas. “The first night (from Gombroon) we rode to Bandally, sixteene English miles (and most part along the Gulph)” » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 177
« Fourteene dayes are paſt ſince we entred Gombroon; the place has no fuch Magick to perfwade us to inhabit here. Our end is travell, why ftay we then? » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 124
«7th March. In the morning, about 9 in the morning, arrived at Gombroon with the Cheife, Mr. John Eaton Dodsworth, Mr. Dennis, Mr. Beavis and Batson who all came out a little way to meet me.
note: Diary of 6 March 1707/8.
Gombroon, the old name of Bandar 'Abbas. See Yule, Hobson-Jobson, s.v. Gombroon. For a description and illustration of the oity in 1705 see Le Bruyn, II, 73-75. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 44 and 49-50
SOURCE for Gombrun
SOURCE for Goumeron
« Bandar Abbaffi is made of the destruction of Ormous, Portuguese call it Goumeron, There is Sultan with a small militia, who guards two small Castles: It is at twenty-eight degrees of latitude towards the Arctic Pole that, few people inhabit it in the East, because of the great. heat: The water there is bad and half salty, there is only one beach without a port, where ships arrive from all sides to negotiate. » #3465 Le Gouz de La Boullaye, Les voyages et obseruations du Sieur de La Boullaye-Le-Gouz, gentil-homme angeuin : ou` sont de´crites les religions, gouuernemens, et situations des estats et royaumes d'Italie, Grece, Natolie, Syrie, Perse, Palestine, Karamenie, Kalde´e, Assyrie, grand Mogol, Bijapour, Indes orientales des Portugais, Arabie, Egypte, Holande, grande Bretagne, Irlande, Dannemark, Pologne, isles et autres lieux d'Europe, Asie et Affrique, ou il a` seiourne´, le tout enrichy de belles figures ; et dedie´ a` l'Eminentissime Cardinal Capponi, Chez Geruais Clousier au Palais, sur les degrez de la Saincte Chapelle, Paris, 1653 ~ p. 115
SOURCE for Hurmuz or Bandar
« (35) Kishigan [? sic] to Hurmuzor Bandar (Gämbrun)-6 farsakhs. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219

R71-027 Lingeh
R71-027 Lingeh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar Langeh , Bandar-e Lengeh , Bandar-e-Langeh , Linja , Linjah , بندر لنگه ,
VARIANT names: Bandar-e-Langeh , Lengeh , Lenghì , Lenguie , Linga , Lingah , Lingeh , Linghee , Linjah , Lundsje , Singar ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Bandar-e-Langeh FOR Hiṣn Ibn ʿUmāra [Cornu],
SOURCE for Bandar-e-Langeh
« Tribes traveled freely back and forth across the Gulf, and some had sections on both sides, most famously the Qawasim based in Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah who temporarily governed Bandar Langeh. Settlements along the coast often had closer relations with those on the Arab side than those in the interior, due to ease of communication. » #1723 Potter, Lawrence, The port of Siraf: Historical Memory and Iran’s role in the Persian Gulf, International Congress of Siraf Port, Bushehr, 2005 (Nov), ~ p. 31
« It was not until late in the 19th century, however, that the Tehran government was able to reassert control over its Gulf littoral, reclaiming Bandar Abbas from Oman in 1868 and in 1887 evicting the (Arab) Qasimi shaikhs who had long ruled Bander Langeh » #1723 Potter, Lawrence, The port of Siraf: Historical Memory and Iran’s role in the Persian Gulf, International Congress of Siraf Port, Bushehr, 2005 (Nov), ~ p. 46
SOURCE for Lengeh
« In 1884, after the Ruler of Lengeh had planted date offsets on Greater Tunb without permission, the Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah uprooted the plants and sent a letter of protest to both the Ruler of Lengeh and the native agent of the British at Lengeh. The Ruler of Lengeh replied to this protest by apologizing and acknowledging in writing that the island belonged to the Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah. He also committed to prohibiting the tribesmen from Lengeh who were under his authority from using the island to graze their animals.66 » #2583 Charles L.O. Buderi, Luciana T. Ricart, The Iran-UAE Gulf Islands Dispute A Journey Through International Law, History and Politics, Brill, Leiden, 2018 ~ p.99
SOURCE for Lenghì
« was suddenly encountered by a band of Pirates in the gulf of Lenghee, or Lenghi, and slain after a most desperate » #57 Maurizi, Vincenzo, History Of Seyd Said, Oleander Press Ltd, Cambridge:New York, 1984 ~ p. 2
SOURCE for Lenguie
« Lenguiè » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Linga
« On April 12, 1890, after a stay of some days at Linga, on the Persian Gulf, I left it with a caravan of one horse, ten donkeys, two servants, and one Persian soldier. » #1754 Vaughan, H. B., Journeys in Persia (1890-91), The Geographical Journal, London, 1896 (Jan.), 7:1:24-41 ~ p. 24
SOURCE for Lingah
« In reply to a request of the British Resident in 1879 to compile “a complete list of the dependencies of each Trucial Chief”, the native agent on the Arab coast listed Greater Tunb as being owned by the Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah. He added, however, that the island was “also owned by the Chief of Lingah in part as he is also of the tribe of the Joasmees”.65 » #2583 Charles L.O. Buderi, Luciana T. Ricart, The Iran-UAE Gulf Islands Dispute A Journey Through International Law, History and Politics, Brill, Leiden, 2018 ~ p.99
#1839 Morgan, Jacques de, Mission scientifique en Perse Tome Second Études Géographiques, Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1895 vol. 2: ~
Fig. 139. Côte de Lingah ; Laristân p. 296
« Lingah » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
« … the information called for by Government on the 17th February 1854, regarding the principal estates within my political control. No mention is therein made of the ports on the Persian Coast between Bushire and Bunder Abbas given below. … Ports. | Tribes. | Names of Chiefs. Lingah | ….. | Khaleefa bin Guzeeb. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Lingeh
« By Christmas Eve we reached Lingeh town after inspecting the scanty remains left at Kung of the fortified trading post maintained here by the Portuguese long after the fall of Hormuz. Lingeh, which has suffered much decay in recent years, detained us for four days, partly owing to severe malaria brought from Bandar ‘Abbas by my party and escort, and partly on account of the difficulty of securing transport. » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 130
SOURCE for Linghee
SOURCE for Linjah
#428 Farmayan, Hafez and Daniel, Elton L. (ed.), A Shi'ite Pilgrimage to Mecca 1885-1886, The Safarnameh of Mirza Mohammad Hosayn Farahani, Saqi Books, London, 1990 ~ p. 238
SOURCE for Lundsje
« Lundsje » in {map#1035 Sinus Persici maximam partem ad observationes proprias A. MDCCLXV, Carsten Niebuhr, 1765, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Philosophie, histoire, sciences de l'homme, 4-O2G-7 (A) Tab: XIX p. 340}
« . Here are the ports which belong to these Arabs and which make me known: [arabic] Kunk, [arabic] Lundsje, [arabic] and Rás Hati » #2874 Carsten Niebuhr, Description de l'Arabie faite sur des observations propres et des avis recueillis dans les lieux mêmes, S. J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1774 ~ p. 272
SOURCE for Singar
« Singar » in {map#1320 'tracing showing the route and coast line from Mogoo bay to the town of Bunder Abbas. (vide report no. 6 of 1864)' [?236a] (1/2) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, ST 393, vol 17, p 236a, in Qatar Digital Library, , 1864, }

R71-028 Leshtan
R71-028 Leshtan : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: RUIN UFI: -3758667 coordinate: lat 26.626253 long 54.861094 NIMA/GNS names: Darvay-e Nahsu , Kul-i-Lashtun , Qal`eh Lashtun , Qal`eh-ye Lashtan , Qal`eh-ye Lashtavon , دَروايِ نَحسو , قلعه لشتاون , VARIANT names: Kaleh-Lestan , Lashtan fortress , Leshtan , Leshtan Castle , Qal`eh Lashtun , SOURCE for Kaleh-Lestan « At the back of the rising ground, 5 or 6 miles to north-westward of the place, rises a detached hill, an outlier of the same formation, to a height of 600 feet. It has precipitous sides. There is narrow difficult path up to the top, which is covered with ruins, and many water-cisterns to catch rain-water-more than a hundred, we are told of the usual description; they are oblong excavations in the ground, cemented inside, and have arched roofs to prevent evaporation, which have mostly fallen in, and choked the cisterns. They are common all along the coast at the present day. The ruins were mere mounds, and no inscriptions could be found. The path up has been fortified, and wails built along the edge of the cliffs where at all practicabin Nothing seems to be known of its origin. It is now called Kaleh-Lestan. » #570 Stiffe, A. W., Former Trading Centres of the Persian Gulf. V. Kung, The Geographical Journal, London, 1899 (Mar.), 13:3:294-7 ~ p. 295 SOURCE for Lashtan fortress « Facilities on the third route: 1. The fortress of the city of Lashtan (fig. 6): The fortress of Lashtan was actually the main monitoring headquarters overseeing maritime traffic along the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf. It is perhaps the most remarkable security installation dating to the period of the Lärestän Emirate. The outstanding features of this fortress have previously not been fully described, and some of its photos are presented here for the first time. This fortress was the linchpin of the Lärestän Emirs' power over the trade routes converging on the Hormūz Strait. From the top of this fortress, located eight kilometers from the coast, maritime traffic on the Persian Gulf was overseen. In the picture, you can see that after rain, when haze and dust are washed from the air, the coast of the Persian Gulf, now known as Bandar-e Kong (fig. 7), is easily visible from the top of the fortress. » #3350 Mohammad-Bāgher Vosoughi, Welfare and Security Establishments on the Hormūz Strait: Lārestān Caravan Routes between the Fourteenth and Sixteenth Centuries CE, in: ed. Roderich Ptak and Ralph Kauz, Asian Sea Straits Functions and History (c. 500 to 1700), Orientierungen: Zeitschrift zur Kultur Asiens, , 2015, pp. 86-109 ~ pp. 98-99 SOURCE for Leshtan « The delay however could be utilized for a survey of a remarkable ruined fastness known as Leshtun. About 5 miles to the north of the town there rises in a desolate landscape of eroded sandstone terraces a large Mesa to a height of about zoo feet. Its southern face falls off with vertical cliffs overhung in places by a crust of cretaceous sandstone. The rest almost equally steep is crowned with high walls of rough stones set in mortar. Access to the stronghold is gained from a narrow ravine on the north by a difficult path leading to the single gate. The whole of the rocky ground within is honeycombed with dwellings and cisterns cut into the sandstone or else covered with crumbling walls of domed structures. A very striking feature is the large number of cisterns, some seventy in all, all originally vaulted, either oval or circular, the greatest measuring no less than 118 feet in length. Protracted occupation of the stronghold is proved by a number of cemeteries, with closely packed graves cut into the rock, and by the plentiful abundance of pottery debris. The types of decorated ceramic ware make it probable that occupation started early in the Muhammadan period and lasted down to late mediaeval times. » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 131 SOURCE for Leshtan Castle « The date of construction of this castle goes back to the 9th century of Hijri. Leshtan Castle has played an important role in local wars in the past. During the period of Portuguese power over the Persian Gulf, they built a fort on the shore of the Bandarlange sea in the vicinity of this fort and placed their command and command headquarters. » [accessed 01 May 2024] Also known asLashton Fortess SOURCE for Qal`eh Lashtun

R71-029 Bandar Muqam
R71-029 Bandar Muqam : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PRT UFI: -3055131 coordinate: lat 26.9652 long 53.4801
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar Muqam , Bandar-e Maqam , Bandar-e Margam , Bandar-e Moqam , Maqam , Moqam , Muqam , بندر مرگام , بندر مقام , مقام ,
VARIANT names: Bandar Muqam , Magam , Mogam , Moughan ,
SOURCE for Bandar Muqam
« At Bandar Muqam, a small port serving the western valleys of Laristan, there was again evidence of mediaeval maritime intercourse with India and the Far East in the shape of Chinese porcelain among the debris of low mounds adjacent to the Arab Shaikh’s fort. Fortunately this petty chief still retaining some local authority showed his good will by providing such transport as enabled us to follow the route to Shiu along the rocky coast. » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Magam
« Magam » in {map#632 Asia. Persian Gulf, Commander C G Constable and Lieutenant Arthur William Stiffe, 1860, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/W/L/PS/10/457}
SOURCE for Mogam
« Mogam a 300 habitants marins, commerçants et cultivateurs. Sel, poissons, céréales. [Mogam has 300 inhabitants, seafarers, traders and farmers. Salt, fish, cereals.] » #3329 R. Vadala, Le Golfe Persique, Librairie Arthur Rousseau, 1920 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Moughan
« Moughân » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490

R71-030 Shiu : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Shiu' , Bandar-e Shiv , Sheyow , Sheyu , Shiv , Shiveh , Shivuh , بندرِ شيو , شيو ,
VARIANT names: Chiou , Shewar , Sheyu, Shiyu, Shivuh, Shiu , Shiu , Shivuh , Shiwu , Shiwuh , Tchiou ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Shivuh FOR Apóstani [Vincent],
SOURCE for Chiou
« Chiou a 500 habitants marins, pêchetirs de perles et de poissons, cultivateurs, commerçants. Céréales, animaux, sel, poissons. [Chiou has 500 marine inhabitants, pearl and fish fishermen, farmers, traders. Cereals, animals, salt, fish.] » #3329 R. Vadala, Le Golfe Persique, Librairie Arthur Rousseau, 1920 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Shewar
« Shewar » in map #2959 Karl Müller, Tabula in Geographi graeci minores, Firmin-Didot et sociis, Paris, 1882, ~ plate XV
SOURCE for Sheyu, Shiyu, Shivuh, Shiu
« D15 [site ] Shiwu [toponym] Sheyu, Shiyu, Shivuh, Shiu [other variants] Equivalent versions of the same place name, including Sheyu and Shiyu (Adamec, 1989), Shiu (USBGN: 59) and Shivnh (Lorimer, 1908: 1812), are listed and their location is given. The town, which has a fort and a tower, is described as a port for goods traded widely through the Persian Gulf and over to Oman as well as to a route leadmg inland up Gabandi valley (Lorimer, 1908: 1812). [details] 5308 [lat] 2704 [long] 2 [no. of sherds] » #2855 Priestman, Seth M.N., Settlement and ceramics in Southern Iran: An analysis of the Sasanian and Islamic periods in the Williamson collection, Durham these, Durham University, Durham, 2005 ~ p. 368
SOURCE for Shiu
« Fortunately this petty chief still retaining some local authority showed his good will by providing such transport as enabled us to follow the route to Shiu along the rocky coast. Owing to its difficulty and insecurity it appears never to have been surveyed. Even here, in a small cliff-bound bay now frequented only by smuggling hillmen, I found remains of a modest settlement of mediaeval times which had its share in the maritime traffic then prevailing along the Persian Gulf and beyond. » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 131
SOURCE for Shivuh
[Admiralty Chart 3599 15Aug1916 with fort lat 27 04' 30"N long 53 09' 00"E from chart 2837a surveyed by Lieut. F. A. Slocum RN HMS Crocus 1923] in {map#1015 Plans in the Persian Gulf, Bandar Abbas f 474 1, Hanjam Sound f 474 2, Shivuh f 474 3, , 1916, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/1095, f 474 1, in Qatar Digital Library}
[plan detail above gives accurate location of mosque and fort. PBR]
« One of the Shibkuh ports on the Persian Coast ; it is situated about 43 miles south-east of Shivuh and 34 miles west of Charak. Chiru has a fort and a large date-grove, and lies facing the east in a small bay formed by a low sandy projection running southwards from the main line of the Persian coast; the village is a mile north of the point of the promontory. » #660 Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1915 ~ vol. 2 p. 355
SOURCE for Shiwu
« Shiwu » in {map#1016 Persian Gulf. Western Sheet, Constable and Stiffe, 1917, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3828/2837b}
SOURCE for Shiwuh
« Shiwuh » in {map#1234 , , , 'Persia, Afghanistan and Beluchistan' [?26r] (1/2), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F112/623, f 26, in Qatar Digital Library fig. }
« SHIWUH-Lat. 27° 4' 22". Long. 52°8'50". Elev.A bay and village on the coast of Lar, 14 miles north, 15 west, from the north-west end of Bashiab island.The village comprises from fifty to sixty small square houses, built of mud and stone, situated at the foot of a small hill, and round its slope is built their fort, on the summit of which there is an oblong tower, from whence they defend their village against the frequent attacks of their hostile neigh. bours.The inhabitants are hospitable and obliging people, and may be estimated at about three hundred souls, including men, women, and children, out of which they can only raise seventy able men to carry arms in the defence of their fort, to which the whole of the neighbouring villages repair for safety in time of attack.The fort at present is in a very dilapidated state, and is built of mud and stone, with four bastions, and the tower as above mentioned.The whole of the villagers are very poor; they carry on little or no trade with the different parts of the Gulf, having no vessels of their own, and what little they can do in trading is in wheat brought down from the interior and embarked on board some friendly vessel that may may by chance be calling the there. They mostly subsist on the produce of their fisheries, by carrying them to the different inland villages, a journey sometimes of from two to three days; men, women, and children all have their share of this work; the men fishing and carrying home their day's labour, the women and children sorting, salting, and drying them ready for sale. The town they have the most traffic with is called Gabendy, at a distance of three fursaks inland from Shiwu.The Shaikh is chosen by the villagers. The present inhabitants appear to have gradually come in and settled down from different parts of the coast. The language they speak generally is Arabic, but they also speak Persian; still Arabic is their mother tongue, though their manners and appearance would certainly denote a Persian origin.The neighbours they have the most dread of appear to be the sea-faring men from Asilu and its environs, whom they report as always cruising up and down the coast in search of unlawful prizes, and ready to loot any of the weaker vessels they may happen to fall in with.During the summer months the villages of Shiwu are deserted with the exception of four or five men left in charge of the fort; for the inhabitants repair to the interior and cultivate certain fertile grounds to be found in the valleys adjoining the chain of barren hills bordering their coast, and return before the cold weather fairly seta in to store up their winter supplies, and to carry on their fishing trade.Shiwu Bay or Bandar Kalat (called so by the natives owing to the west promontory having been fortified by the Portuguese, of which scattered remains of ruins may be seen to this day) affords shelter to small vessels during north-westerly gales, but is perfectly exposed to the prevailing winds from other quarters, and cannot be recommended as a desirable bay to shelter vessels of a large size, owing to the coast being steep, and vessels having to be in seven to eight fathoms to avoid a heavy swell setting in round the west point.The bay abounds in fish of all description, and fresh provisions, wood, and water can be procured at a moderate rate; but vessels requiring water would have to go with their own boats and casks (as the villagers have no proper conveyance, their boats being of a very small size), and only in moderate weather, as there is no landing place off the village in a north-wester, and the one at the west cape, round a small spit, is difficult to round in heavy weather owing to a heavy surf surf rolling past.The British Political Residency schooner Georgiana, says Warner, "on one occasion sought shelter here during a strong north-westerly gale, rounding the west cape at a distance of a quarter mile in ten fathoms, and bringing up with the cape west by north three quarter north, distant 2 miles, and the village fort east by south, distant 3 miles, and about a quarter mile off shore in seven fathoms good holding ground, sand and shells. Rise and fall 8 feet, S. T."From where the schooner was anchored, a rock above water, and about a quarter mile off shore (not marked on the general charts), with discolouredwater beyond, was discernible running out to some distance, and to the northward and westward of the village. On enquiry I was informed that there was good anchorage for smaller vessels, round and abreast of the rock, from 4 to 24 fathoms, but shoaler to the northward, and that the west cape was always preferred in rough weather."The road by land from Shiwu to Lingah or Bushahr is perfectly safe; horses, camels, and donkeys are procurable at nearly every village; the greater part of the road runs by the sea coast, and the rest between the hills. (Warner.) » #3256 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Gazetteer of Persia Vol. IV, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, 1892 ~ pp. 366-368
SOURCE for Tchiou
« Tchiou » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 vol. 2 p. 491
[Tchiou 5 farsengs from Bendeh which is 2 farseng from Moughân and 8 farsengs before Nabent . PBR]

R71-031 Ziarat
R71-031 Ziarat : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e ziyarat , Zeyarat , Ziarat , Ziyarat , Ziyaret , زيارت ,
VARIANT names: Ziarat ,
SOURCE for Ziarat
« Some 3 miles beyond Shiu we came near the small fishermen’s hamlet of Ziarat upon two larger debris areas which by their ceramic remains clearly suggested occupation in early Muhammadan times or, perhaps, even before within the historical period. But nowhere along the coast were any indications of prehistoric occupation to be traced. Ziarat with its good anchorage serves as a port for the head of the Gabandi valley which behind a low sandstone range runs parallel to the coast. » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 131

R71-034 Asalu
R71-034 Asalu : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Asaluyeh , Asalu , Bandar-e `Asalu , Bandar-e `Asaluyeh , بندر عسلو , بندر عسلویه , عسلويه ,
VARIANT names: Asalu , Asaluyeh , Aseeloo , Aslu , Assaloo , Asselo , Assetou , Bandar 'Aselûh , Bender-Asselou , Tsaloo ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Asalu FOR Ausinza [Gossellin],
SOURCE for Asalu
« En 1590 Gasparo Balbi mentionne « Silaù » sans le décrire. Les auteurs plus récents ne donnent Shilàu que comme un simple hâvre, marquant ainsi qu’ un nouveau degré de sa déchéance avait été franchi. I1 le fut sans doute vers la fin du XVIe siècle. L’expédition safavide qui, sous la conduite d’un ra’is Fàli partit à la conquête de Bahrain au début du XVIIe siècle, embarqua non pas à Shiliiu mais à « Bandar ‘Asalü ».[In 1590 Gasparo Balbi mentions “Silaù” without describing it. More recent authors give Shilàu only as a simple haven, thus marking that a new degree of its decline had been crossed. It was probably around the end of the 16th century. The Safavid expedition which, under the leadership of a ra’is Fàli set out to conquer Bahrain at the beginning of the 17th century, embarked not at Shiliiu but at “Bandar ‘Asalü”.] » #893 Aubin, Jean, La Survie de Shilāu et la route du Khunj-o-Fāl, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1969 7:21-37 ~ pp. 36-7
« Asalu.-Anchorage. This village is situated about one mile north-westward of the northern entrance point of Naband bay and 40 extends along the coast for a distance of about half a mile; there is a large date grove behind the village and a conspicuous though partially destroyed round tower stands on a small hillock some distance north-westward of it. Some of the inhabitants are employed in pearl fishing. A reef extends over half a mile offshore for a distance of about 3 miles north-westward of the northern entrance point of Naband bay; there are depths of 5 and 6 fathoms (9m1 and 11m0) close outside the reef which should not be approached into a depth less than 7 fathoms (12m8). Boats pass over the reef and shelter close to the village in depths rather greater than those on the reef. Anchorage off the village is open to the shamál; the holding ground is poor, and it is necessary to approach with caution as the shore reef is very steep-to. » #353 The Persian Gulf Pilot 1870 - 1932 8th edition, Archive Editions, Slough, 1989 ~ p.151
« Some boats were also taken and destroyed at the ports of Lingeh, Mughu, Asalu and Kangun for which compensation had later to be paid, as Bruce could produce no definite proof of piracy by the people of these places. (64)
fn. 64. Lorimer, op. cit., p. 669. » #6 Hawley, Donald, The Trucial States, Allen and Unwin, London, 1970 ~ p. 114
« Beyond Cape Naband is the territory of a tribe called Al Haram, who were active pearl divers. The Al Haram acquired the island of Bahrain during the first half of the eighteenth century. In the eighteenth century, their westernmost village was Shilau, while Asalu was their most important settlement. The name Asalu is already mentioned in a Dutch document of 1632 as the name of a pearlbank. On a manuscript nautical chart of the Dutch East India Company of the late seventeenth century it is mentioned as a place, together with another place of the Al Haram, Nabon. Asalu was visited in 1672 by the French traveler Carre, who gives a description of the place.(60)
fn. 60 Kniphausen’s report fol. 4-4v (=Floor, ‘Description’, pp. 168-169). Niebuhr, Beschreibung, p. 314, is very summary but on pp. 330-331 some interesting but probably not completely reliable details about the history of the A1 Haram rule over Bahrain. Carre, Travels, vol. 3, p. 832 is the most detailed early text on Asalu. VOC vol. 1113, fol. 225v. mentions Asalu as a centre of pearldivers, already in 1632. It figures on early Dutch maps: ARA VEL 220. The important place ‘Chilau’ on early Portuguese maps probably is not Shilau but Nakhilu. » #1558 Slot, B. J., The Arabs of the Gulf, 1602-1784 : an alternative approach to the early history of the Arab Gulf states and the Arab peoples of the Gulf, mainly based on sources of the Dutch East India Company, 1993 ~ p. 20
« Having settled at Nakhilu this Arab group at the same time acquired their Portuguese name, for Niquelus means, "those of Nakhilu.' Portuguese authors, of course, wrote this name in various ways such as Niquelus, Naquilus, Nihhelus, Nuqueluzes and Niquelas. The name that this Arab group gave to themselves has not been reported. It is my contention that they were part of a larger migratory movement of Arabs coming from Oman to the Persian littoral. In the 17 century this same group of Arabs was known as Hula or Hawala Arabs, meaning 'migrant Arabs'. The reason for this supposition is that in one case the Niquelus are referred to in official corre- spondence as "the Nequeluz [and those of] Asalu." As 'Asalu is a minor port on the Persian littoral and is not synonymous with Nakhilu it means that "those of Asalu" were clearly identified with the Niquelus. A similar situation existed in the 17th and 18 century when the Arabs of Asalu, were identified as Hulas and considered to be part of those of Nakhilu". » #1812 ed. Dejanirah Couto and Rui M. Loureiro, Revisiting Hormuz: Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the Early Modern Period, Harrassowitz, 2008 ~ p. 93
SOURCE for Asaluyeh
« In the 19th century, Kangin flourished. It was ruled by Arab shaikhs of the al-Nusür. The first member of the family to hold power at Kangān was Muhammad. He was succeeded by his son Hätim Khan and he in turn by his son Jabbirah Khän. Jabbarah's son Hasan Khân gained control of Gāvbandi, on the coast of Läristan. The road between Kangan and Gävbandi ran through the bulk of Maliki, the centre of which was Asalüych. The al-Nusür had a long-standing feud with the shaikhs of 'Asaliyeh, who belonged to the al-Haram. In 1283/1866-7 Hasan Khan was travelling from Kangān to Givbandi and stopped near ?Asalūyeh to perform his evening prayers. Here he was seized by Ibrahim, the shaikh of ?Asalūyeh, taken into the town and killed. Hasan was succeeded as ruler of Kangin and Gavbandi by his younger brother, Shaikh Madhkür. In 1284/1867-8 Madhkür assembled a force from Kangin, Galehdar and Gavbandi and, together with government troops and artillery, besieged ?Asalūyeh. The town was taken and destroyed. Shaikh Ibrahim and many of his family were killed. With the destruction of ?Asalūyeh Madhkür controlled the entire coast from Kangān to Gāvbandi -which are 120 km. apart and began to ignore instructions from the Qajar government.
fn. 2 Fasai, Hajji Mirza Hasan, Tarikh-i Färsnämeh-i Nasiri, Tehran 1312-14/1894-6, Vol. II, p. 261. » #3018 Nicholas Lowick, Siraf XV: The Coins and Monumental Inscriptions, British Institute of Persian Studies, 1985 ~ p.8
SOURCE for Aseeloo
« … the information called for by Government on the 17th February 1854, regarding the principal estates within my political control. No mention is therein made of the ports on the Persian Coast between Bushire and Bunder Abbas given below. … Ports. | Tribes. | Names of Chiefs. Aseeloo | Haram | Two brothers, Shaikh Abdoolla bin Khulfan and Shaikh Ahmed bin Khulfan. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Aslu
« Aslu ('Asalu), 1 mile northwestward of the north point of Naband Bay, is an independent town with a population of about 1,000 men of Al Haram Tribe; it extends mile along the coast, and there is a large date grove behind. The people possess many small boats, and take part in the pearl fishery. A conspicuous round tower, now partially destroyed, stands on 2 small hillock about midway between Aslu and Nakhl Takki. Ves- sels should approach both these villages with caution, on account of the reef which here extends from the shore, as mentioned in the Pilot. A reef extends over mile off the coast for 3 miles northwest- ward of the north point of Naband Bay, and there are depths of 5 and 6 fathoms close outside it. Boats pass over the reef and shelter close to Aslu town, in rather more water than there is on the reef. Anchorage off the town is open to shamals. » #2772 United States Hydrographic Office, Persian Gulf Pilot: Comprising the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Omán and the Makran Coast, Hydrographic Office Publication No. 158, The Persian Gulf Pilot, Washington, 1920 ~ p. 250
SOURCE for Assaloo
« Assaloo » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
SOURCE for Asselo
« Friday, 29 July. My Arabs were half dead [with fright] and believed themselves lost; so, to please them, I came nearer the coast, and about ten o'clock in the morning we passed near Asselo³, of which I will speak in another place [vol. ?, ch. vi].
fn. 3 ‘Asselo’ is ‘Asalu on the north of the Naband Bay. References to it will be found in Stein, p. 200; the Persian Gulf Pilot, p 207, and Bom. Govt. Sel., XXIV, 592. » #385 ed. Fawcett, The Travels of the Abbe Carre in India and the near east 1672 to 1674, Hakluyt Society, London, 1947 ~ vol.1 pp. 95
SOURCE for Assetou
« Assetou (57 Bl : 'Asaliiyeh » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006, ~ p. 413
« Assetou » in {map#362 Carte du Golfe Persique depuis Bassora jusqu'au Cap Rasalgate, Guillaume Nicolas Delahaye D'apres De Mannevillette, 1775, Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek (Collectie Bodel Nijenhuis, Portf. 175, n° 108)} see AHduGP map 57
SOURCE for Bandar 'Aselûh
« Weiter folgt Bandar 'Aselûh, eine Araberveste mit Palmen und zahlreichen Booten für Perl- fischerei, und Nakhl-Taki am Fusse der Landmarke Sir-i-Yafal 4870 [Next comes Bandar 'Aselûh, an Arab vestment with palm trees and numerous boats for pearl fishing, and Nakhl-Taki at the foot of the Sir-i-Yafal 4870 landmark. ] » #2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890 vol. 121:issue 8: ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Bender-Asselou
« Bender-Asselou fn. 3 Résidence d'un cheykh arabe nommé Kalfan, de la tribu des Elharem. [fn. 3 Residence of an Arab sheikh named Kalfan, of the Elharem tribe.]» #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Tsaloo
« Tsaloo » in {map#1125 The Coast from Bushire to Basadore, in the Persian Gulf, G.B. Brucks and S.B. Haines, 1828, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3630/27, in Qatar Digital Library}

R71-035 Tahiri
R71-035 Tahiri : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Siraf , Bandar-e Taheri , Bandar-i Tahiri , Siraf , Tabiri , Taheri , Tahiri , بندر سيرف , بندر طاهری , سيرف , طاهری ,
VARIANT names: Chetou , Cheylo , Chilaao , Chilao , Chilao ou Chiraf , Chilau , Chiloe , Chylam , Saraf , Sarif , Schilu , Shilau , Shilau , Shilaw , Shilu , Silaú , Silaw , Siraf , Ssi-lien , Suhriyaj , Suriyanj , Taheri , Tahiree , Tahiri , Tahrie , Tari , Tauhree , Taurie ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Tahiri FOR Chiloe [],
SOURCE for Chetou
« Chetou (57 B) : [Siraf, Shilau] Taheri » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006, ~ p. 417
« Chetou » in {map#362 Carte du Golfe Persique depuis Bassora jusqu'au Cap Rasalgate, Guillaume Nicolas Delahaye D'apres De Mannevillette, 1775, Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek (Collectie Bodel Nijenhuis, Portf. 175, n° 108)} see AHduGP map 57
[ Chetou after Assetou and before C.de Bardistan. PBR]
SOURCE for Cheylo
« In this area, there is some confusion on early European charts and descriptions concerning a place ’Chiloe‘. Near Tahiri, they recorded a place called ‘Chiru’, while more to the East, near Cape Naband, they charted a place ’Shilau’. Also more to the East, there is a rather important place Nakhilu. These seem to have been freely mixed up in old maps and descriptions. Carre calls ’Chiru’ Chirou, ‘Shilau’ Cheylo (the French ch is pronounced as sh and Nakhilu Kailo. (59)
Beyond Cape Naband is the territory of a tribe called A1 Haram, who were active pearl divers. The A1 Haram acquired the island of Bahrain during the first half of the eighteenth century. In the eighteenth century, their westernmost village was Shilau, while Asalu was their most important settlement. The name Asalu is already mentioned in a Dutch document of 1632 as the name of a pearlbank. On a manuscript nautical chart of the Dutch East India Company of the late seventeenth century it is mentioned as a place, together with another place of the A1 Haram, Nabon. Asalu was visited in 1672 by the French traveler Carre, who gives a description of the place.(60)
fn. 59 ‘Chiru’ as such is first seen on Ottens’s map in Slot, Origins, plate 18. In the early nineteenth century, it was already deserted: Brucks in Bombay Selections, pp. xxiv, 591. It is not probable that Chiru is identical with the Chilu, which is a large place on early Portuguese maps, although confusion may have been caused by the difficulties the Portuguese have in distinguishing L and R.
fn. 60 Kniphausen’s report fol. 4-4v (=Floor, ‘Description’, pp. 168-169). Niebuhr, Beschreibung, p. 314, is very summary but on pp. 330-331 some interesting but probably not completely reliable details about the history of the A1 Haram rule over Bahrain. Carre, Travels, vol. 3, p. 832 is the most detailed early text on Asalu. VOC vol. 1113, fol. 225v. mentions Asalu as a centre of pearldivers, already in 1632. It figures on early Dutch maps: ARA VEL 220. The important place ‘Chilau’ on early Portuguese maps probably is not Shilau but Nakhilu. » #1558 Slot, B. J., The Arabs of the Gulf, 1602-1784 : an alternative approach to the early history of the Arab Gulf states and the Arab peoples of the Gulf, mainly based on sources of the Dutch East India Company, 1993 ~ p. 20
SOURCE for Chilaao
mentioned by European travellers of the 16th century, e.g. by Antonio Tenreiro as Chilaao (1528) and Gasparo Balbi as Silau (1590), but subsequent references are to a simple harbour only at the modern village. #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ IX:667b
SOURCE for Chilao
« Chilao (25 B) : [Siriif, Shilau] Taheri » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006, ~ p. 417
« Chilao » in {map#576 15ª carta: Mar Vermelho e Golfo Pérsico, Livro De Marinharia, de João de Lisboa, , 1560, Colecção Cartográfica, n.º 166, Arquivo Nacional, Torre do Tombo, Lisbon, Colecção Cartográfica, n.º 166} see PMC vol. 1 EST 96A and AHduGP map 25
[ Chilao after c. de nabam and before c. de Uerdestão . PBR]
« Along this coast we sailed for thirty-five days, with much toil and trouble. Our provision began to fail; nor could we renew it there, for all that shore is disturbed by the wanton ravages of the Portuguese fustas,(2) which commonly cruize there. When we had got to Chilao near Verdostam, a place in a sound between Point Vedican and the shoals of Kane,(3) the head wind increased and continued. So, perforce, having lost an anchor and cable, and very nearly run on the shore,(1) which was close aboard, the captain gave orders to bear away for Harmuz, and in four days we ran eighty leagues; that we had gained, with much toil, in five-and-thirty.
fn. 2 Small armed vessels, Anglice, “foists.”
fn. 3 Chilao is probably Shilu, “four miles to the westward of Tahiri” (Persian Gulf Pilot, p. 255). Bardistan is not far away, and is on all recent maps and charts. The Point of Vedican is Ras Naband, sheltering Bandar Baid Khan; and the shoals of Kane are certainly those of Ras-al-Mutaf, near whose northern end is Ras-al-Khan – not that this name matters much in their identification, which depends on position.
fn. 1 The fourth use of "dar al travez" for "to run ashore," in the Viage. » #258 Teixeira, Pedro, The Travels of Pedro Teixeira; with his Kings of Harmuz, and extracts from his Kings of Persia. Translated and annotated by W. F. Sinclair ... With further notes and an introduction by D. Ferguson., Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1902:1991 ~
SOURCE for Chilao ou Chiraf
« Chilao ou Chiraf fn. 4 On y voit encore les ruines de quelques maisons européennes. [fn. 4 We can still see the ruins of some European houses there.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Chilau
« CHILAU, vila de - Nome dado por João de Barros a um lugar do litoral norte do golfo Pérsico, sito entre Bushire e o cabo Naband, que não obstante propende- mos a identificar com Shiwuh, em 27' 05' lat. N. e 53° 09' long. E., ao norte e pró- ximo da ilha Sheikh Shuaib. Briga com esta identificação o facto de Barros colocar Chilau entre Bushire e o ras Naband, ou seja uma dúzia de léguas, pelo menos, a noroeste de Shiwuh. Temos porém por provável que o cronista erre a posição de Chilau em relação ao referido cabo, critério que aliás não condena formalmente a hipótese de ser exacta a notícia de Barros e de Chilau corresponder a Salum ou Salum Abadeh, em 28° 26' lat. N. e 51° 08' long. E. [João de Barros-Da Asia].
[CHILAU, village of - Name given by João de Barros to a place on the north coast of the Persian Gulf, located between Bushire and Cape Naband, which we nevertheless tend to identify with Shiwuh, at 27' 05' lat. N. and 53° 09' long. E., to the north and close to the island Sheikh Shuaib. Conflicting with this identification is the fact that Barros places Chilau between Bushire and ras Naband, that is to say a dozen leagues, at least, northwest of Shiwuh. We believe, however, that the chronicler is wrong about Chilau's position in relation to the aforementioned cape, a criterion that does not formally condemn the hypothesis that the news from Barros and Chilau corresponds to Salum or Salum Abadeh, at 28° 26' lat. N. and 51° 08' long. E. [João de Barros-Da Asia].] » #2603 Visconde De Lagoa, Glossario Toponimico Da Antiga Historiografia Portuguesa Ultramarina, Oficina Grafica, Casa Portuguesa Rua Das Gaveas, 1953 ~ vol. A-C pp. 236-7
SOURCE for Chiloe
Beyond Cape Naband is the territory of a tribe called Al Haram, who were active pearl divers. The Al Haram acquired the island of Bahrain during the first half of the eighteenth century. In the eighteenth century, their westernmost village was Shilau, while Asalu was their most important settlement. The name Asalu is already mentioned in a Dutch document of 1632 as the name of a pearlbank. On a manuscript nautical chart of the Dutch East India Company of the late seventeenth century it is mentioned as a place, together with another place of the Al Haram, Nabon. Asalu was visited in 1672 by the French traveler Carre, who gives a description of the place.(60)
SOURCE for Chylam
« Chylam » in {map#1021 [Carte de l'ocean Indien occidental et du golfe Persique Atlas,fol. 8, Diogo Homem, 1561, Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, (Codex Vindobonensis Palatinus 335 f.8)} see PMC vol. 2 EST 120-126 and AHduGP map 28
SOURCE for Saraf
« Saraf » in {map#917 The empire of the great Turke in Europe, Asia and Africa, William Berry, 1685, National Library of Israel sys. No. 990026261540205171} see AHduGP map 89
SOURCE for Sarif
« Sarif » in {map#979 Indie Orientalie Penisola di qua del gange Larabia el´imperio del Gran Mogol, Nicolas de Fer, 1717, (C.C. 1147 A) Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon} see AHduGP map 70
SOURCE for Schilu
« . Die Awysi-Spitze schliefst die Konkun-Bai auf der Ostseite. Von da geht die Küste in süd-östlicher Erstreckung, wo die Orte Eïenat und Schilú liegen. An dem letztern, der auch Schiraf heiſst, sieht man noch die Ruinen einiger eüropäischen Gebaüde **); dann folgen Tähhrie, Tahrie, Tari in Lat. 27° 42' N. 45), [. The Awysi point closes Konkun Bay on the East side. From there the coast extends in a south-easterly direction, where the places Eïenat and Schilú are located. At the latter, which is also called Schiraf, one can still see the ruins of some European buildings **); then follow Tähhrie, Tahrie, Tari in Lat. 27° 42' N. 45),] » #2908 H. Berghaus, Geo-hydrographisches Memoir zur Erklärung und Erläuterung der reduzirten Karte vom Persischen Golf, Justus Perthes, 1832, ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Shilau
« Dans les textes postérieurs à Yâqüt la forme littéraire arabisée, Sirâf, et la forme populaire d’usage courant, Shilâu, se rencontrent concurremment, mais on n’en peut collectionner qu’un nombre d’exemples infime. Le vocable, en effet, s’il subsiste pour désigner la localité, disparaît comme nom de district, ce qui est un indice très net de la régression du centre urbain. La terminologie géographique et administrative a recours désormais pour dénommer l’ex-territoire du Sirâf, à un autre terme, jusque-là non attesté, mais dès lors représenté avec constance: le nom de Fâl. La chaîne montagneuse qui domine Sirâf, et que la tradition géographique ancienne appelle Jibâl Jamm (du nom du canton de l’hinterland de Sirâf) ou Jibâl Sïrâf est appelée Jibal Fal dans les instructions nautiques de Ibn Mâjid, et encore connue sous une forme altérée de ce nom par les marins modernes, alors que l’agglomération de Fal se trouve dans les terres, à l’est du massif montagneux, à deux journées de marche de Sirâf. [In the texts after Yâqüt the Arabicized literary form, Sirâf, and the popular form in current use, Shilâu, are found concurrently, but only a very small number of examples can be collected. The term, in fact, if it remains to designate the locality, disappears as the name of the district, which is a very clear indication of the regression of the urban center. Geographical and administrative terminology now has recourse to denominate the former territory of Sirâf, to another term, hitherto unattested, but henceforth represented with constancy: the name of Fâl. The mountain range which dominates Sirâf, and which the ancient geographical tradition calls Jibâl Jamm (from the name of the canton of the hinterland of Sirâf) or Jibâl Sïrâf is called Jibal Fal in the nautical instructions of Ibn Mâjid, and still known in an altered form of this name by modern sailors, while the agglomeration of Fal is inland, to the east of the mountain range, two days' walk from Sirâf.] » #893 Aubin, Jean, La Survie de Shilāu et la route du Khunj-o-Fāl, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1969 ~ p.22
« Shilau » in {map#1032 Figure 5 The site [Siraf], , 1970, #1206 Whitehouse, David, Siraf: A Medieval Port on the Persian Gulf, World Archaeology, 1970 (Oct.) Urban Archaeology 2:2:141-58 ~} with coordinates 27.672408° N. 52.330748° E obtained with overlay in GE.
« The key to understanding the history of the postmedieval settlement at Siraf is provided by Yaqut, who recorded that in his day it was known as Shilau. The name Deh-Shilau is still attached to part of the site, although no trace exists of the village "about four miles to the northwest of Taheri", that was known in the last century as Shila (Stiffe 1895: 172). » #3159 Siraf. History, Topography and Environment (The British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series I ):, Oxbow, Oxford, 2009 ~ p. 15
A small village on the coast of the Persian Gulf, 4 miles westward of Tahir in Fars. (Constable-Stiffe-Persian Gulf Pilot.) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt. 2 p. 922
[The coordinate above is some 150 metres west of the Great Mosque ruins. PBR]
« Es verdient Beachtung, dass zu Nearchs Zeit noch keine Spur von dem zur Sasanidenzeit aufgeblühten Hafen Sirâf vorkommt: 20 Miles hinter 'Aselûh bei dem Fischerdorfe Handar Tahiriyah 27° 39' 36" Ν. 52° 20' 40" O. finden sich Ruinen, Grabsteine, Aquäducte und Cisternen, Höhlenwohnungen; 4 Miles weiter erinnert der kleine Ankerplatz Šilûh auch dem Namen nach an das Emporium Kšîrâp, Milch- oder Süsswasser', arab. Siraf سرافvulgo Silaw شیلاو geschrieben auf portugie-sischen Karten Chilão, Xilão, Xilaù, bei Balbi Silaù; bei Niebuhr Šilûh. [It is worth noting that in Nearch's time there is still no trace of the port of Sirâf, which flourished in the Sasanian period: 20 miles behind 'Aselûh near the fishing village of Handar Tahiriyah 27° 39' 36" Ν. 52° 20' 40" E. there are ruins, gravestones, aqueducts and cisterns, cave dwellings; 4 miles further on, the small anchorage of Šilûh, also by name, recalls the emporium Kšîrâp, milk or fresh water', Arabic Siraf سرافvulgo Silaw شیلاو written on Portuguese maps Chilão, Xilão, Xilaù, by Balbi Silaù; by Niebuhr Šilûh.] » #2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890, vol. 121:issue 8: ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Shilaw
«Sirāf was certainly partly ruinous in the early 7th/13th century when Yākūt was there, for he describes it as a small place (bulayd) inhabited by wretched people (sa'alik) and with only vestiges visible of its ancient fine buildings (Buldan, ed. Beirut, iii, 294-5; Irshad, ed. Beirut, viii, 145). It was by this time known as Shilaw. However, the evidence of archaeology and an examination of later sources by Jean Aubin have demonstrated that Sirāf was by no means commercially inactive, but enjoyed a modest, continuing trading life. It served as the outlet for the hinterland region of Khundj u Fal and as a port of departure from this hinterland across the Gulf to Katif [q.v.] and Arabia. Shilaw was known to Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, who may have visited it in 748/1347, crossing the Gulf in this fashion from "Khundju Pal" (ü, 244, tr. Gibb, ii, 407-8). Shilaw is still mentioned by European travellers of the 16th century, e.g. by António Tenreiro as Chilaão (1528) and Gasparo Balbi as Silaú (1590), but subsequent references are to a simple harbour only at the modern village. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 9 p. 668
« He sailed to Shilaw (the local Iranian name of the city of Siraf), where he succeeded in winning over the two local ra'is, Ra'is Nur al-Din and Ra'is Kamal, to whom he was also related. He thus acquired far more formidable allies than the Banu Jabr would have been, as "they owned many vessels and could rely on the archers of the Färs", whilst the Banu Jabr were people of the interior and the desert with no experience at sea. (5)
fn. 5 The term "Ra is" is used by Nimdihi as a title and reflects the original conception of "commander" of a local fortress and garrison. Nimdihi, Tabaqat, p. 880. Cf. also Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, História dos Descobrimentos e Conquista da India pelos Portugueses, ed. Manuel Lopes de Almeida (2 vols., Porto, 1979), vol. 2, p. 39; and João de Barros, Da Ásia, ed. Nicolau Pagliarini (8 vols., Lisboa, 1973), dec. 2, bk. 2, ch. 2. With regard to the place name "Shilaw", it should be pointed out that the decline of the magnificent, ancient city-harbour of Siraf had not led to the complete disappearance of the settlement. It had continued on a smaller scale as a fishing village and shipyard. It is mentioned for its inhabitants' skill in constructing the typical local vessels. Apart from this, Shilaw-Siraf was also the seat of a garrison dependent on the ruler of Hormuz. The Iranian form of Shilaw recurs in both Portuguese and Persian chronicles and is described as the seat of a powerful fortress and land-based garrison of the malik of Hormuz. #1812 ed. Dejanirah Couto and Rui M. Loureiro, Revisiting Hormuz: Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the Early Modern Period, Harrassowitz, 2008, ~ p. 6 (Valeria Fiorani Piacentini, Salghur Shah, malik of Hormuz, and his embargo of Iranian harbours (1475-1505))
« Shilaw » in {map#1125 The Coast from Bushire to Basadore, in the Persian Gulf, G.B. Brucks and S.B. Haines, 1828, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3630/27, in Qatar Digital Library} [This map shows Shilaw some 3 miles west of Taurie but there is no modern equivalent village. PBR]
SOURCE for Shilu
fn. 1 The fourth use of "dar al travez" for "to run ashore," in the Viage. » #258 Teixeira, Pedro, The Travels of Pedro Teixeira; with his Kings of Harmuz, and extracts from his Kings of Persia. Translated and annotated by W. F. Sinclair ... With further notes and an introduction by D. Ferguson., Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1902:1991 ~ pp. 22-23
SOURCE for Silaú
« S_h_ilāw is still mentioned by European travellers of the 16th century, e.g. by António Tenreiro as Chilaão (1528) and Gasparo Balbi as Silaú (1590), but subsequent references are to a simple harbour only at the modern village » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ p. 668
SOURCE for Silaw
« De ce cap Nabao jusqu’à la ville (vila) de Reixete (RaySahr), où se jette le fleuve Rodom (Rudan), la terre se fait courbe à la manière d’une baie, distance qui sera de quarante lieues, sur laquelle sont ces villes (vilas): Bedicane (Bidbün), Chilau (Silaw) et le cap de Verdeitao (Bardistàn) » #898 Aubin, Jean, Le royaume d'Ormuz au début du XVIe siècle, Mare Luso-Indicum, Geneva, 1973 ~ p. 101
SOURCE for Siraf
« The city and port of Siraf gradually replaced Basra and Uballah by the middle decades of the ninth century. Archaeological evidence confirms Siraf's rise at this time, noting the building of its Mosque and other structures and the presence of kilns and docking facilities during this period.(21) Furthermore, according to Ibn Khurdgdhbih (A .D. 844 -848), Jewish merchants from Siraf were actively trading both in the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean commercial world with increasing frequency.(22) Ibn al-Faqih (ca. A .D. 850) wrote that Sirafi ships traded with India: SulaimZn the Merchant recorded that goods bound for China were being sent from Siraf to Muscat and Quilon (Kulam Malay). (23) Abu Zaid (ca. A .D. 877 -915), himself a merchant from Siraf, noted that Sirafi merchants visited Jidda in the Red Sea and the Zanzibar coast.(24) Finally, Hamza b, a1 -Hasan al-Iqfahani (A .D. 893 -970) relates the report of Hasan b. 'Amr al-Sirāf, a merchant from Siraf, who visited the land of Kanam in the Sudan.(25)
fn. 20. G.B. Kempthorne, "A Narrative of a Visit to the Ruins of Tahrie, the Sup- posed Site of the Ancient City of Siraff," Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society, XIII (March, 1856-1857), 125-140. See Hajj Mirzaa Hasan Husayni Fasa T, Fars-namih-yi Nasiri (Tehran, 1313/1895-1896), II, 224, where Siraf is identified as Bandar Tahiri in the district of Bandar Kingan on the Zuhayr Coast (G. LeStrange, Lands of the Eastern Caliphate, 249). See also A. W. Stiffe, "Ancient Trading Centers of the Persian Gulf: 1, Sträf," Geographical Journal [hereafter GJ]. VI (1895), 166-173; A. Lamb, "A Visit to Siraf," JRAS (Malayan Branch), XXXVII (1964), 1-19; G. Ferrand, Relations de voyages et textes geographiques arabes, persans, et turk relatifs à l'extrème-orient du VIIle au XVIIIe siècles (Paris, 1913), 1, 1-3; and Muhammad Taqi Mustafavi, "Agar-1 Bästäni dar Khalij-i Fårs (Ancient Remnants in the Persian Gulf), " in R. Shafaq et al., eds., Siminär, II, 108-109.
fn. 21. Whitehouse, "Second Interim Report," 46-53.
fn. 22. Ibn Khurdadhbih, Al-Masalik wa-al-Mamalik, M.J. de Goefe, ed., Biblio- theca Geographorum Arabicorum, 2nd ed. (Leiden, 1967), VI, 41. See also Toussaint, Indian Ocean, 49; and B. Lewis, "The Muslim Discovery of Eu- rope," BSOAS, XX (1957), 410.
fn. 23. Whitehouse, "First Interim Report," 2, n. 4; A. Stein, Archaeological Reconnaissances in North Western India and South Eastern Iran (London, 1937), 202-212; and A. Wilson, South West Persia (London, 1942), 94.
fn. 24. G. Ferrand, Voyage du marchand arabe Sulayman en Inde et en Chine redige en 851 suivi de remarques par Abu Zayd Hasan (vers 916) (Paris, 1922). 130. See also A.S.S. Nadvi, Arab Navigation, 'Abdur Rahman, trans. (Lahore. 1966), 130.
fn. 25. Sharaf al-Zaman Tahir Marvazi on China, the Turks, and India, V. Minorsky, trans. and ed. (London, 1942), 54. See C. Brockelmann, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur (Leiden, 1943-1949), I, 145; ibid... Supplementband (Leiden, 1937-1942), 1, 117, 221. » #1196 Ricks, Thomas M., Persian Gulf Seafaring and East Africa: Ninth-Twelfth Centuries, African Historical Studies, Boston, 1970 ~ pp. 344-5
« During the decline of Siraf and a period of heavy maritime raiding in the eleventh century, the merchant communities of Fars also moved south to Qays, Hormuz, and the Omani seaboard, and other Gulf communities moved south to East Africa, often referred to as “Shirazi” emigrants. » #2622 Eric Staples:, Oman and Islamic Maritime Networks (632–1507 CE), ~ p. 99
« The ruins of the old city of Siraf lie to the west of the village, and extend for perhaps two miles along the shore. They are mere heaps of rough masonry ; foundations in situ are to be seen, especially where cut through by water-courses, or exposed by the action of the sea, for the ruins extend from the wateI's edge tar up the slope of the foothills. The waterourses through the city have been walled in, where required. Among the debris are numerous ruined water-cisterns, constructed in the style still prevailing in the country - oblong chambers excavated in the ground, lined with cement or gypsum, and arched over to prevent evaporation. The arched coverings have mostly fallen in, and the cisterns are more or less choked up. There are also many wells among the heaps of debris. The whole extent of the ruins is strewed with broken pottery, including many fragments of Chinese porcelain. » #571 Stiffe, A. W., Ancient Trading Centres of the Persian Gulf, I. Siraf, The Geographical Journal, London, 1895 (Aug.) 6:2:166-73 ~ pp. 167-8
« We travelled on from there to the city of Qais, also called Sirāf. (138) It is on the coast of the Indian Sea, which connects with the sea of al-Yaman and [that of] Fars, and it is reckoned as one of the districts of Fars. [It is] a city of wide extent, commodious, in a rich country-side, and with wonderful gardens of scented herbs and leafy trees amongst its houses. fn. 138 The confusion of Qais with Siräf here arises from Ibn Battū?a's habit of occasionally combining literary reminiscences with his personal experi- ences. As is clear from above, n. 127, he was well aware that Qais was an island, and it was still relatively flourishing at this time. His description, in fact, applies much more accurately to Qais than to Siraf, where there were scarcely any trees or cultivation and most of its water had to be carried in (Schwarz, II, 59-64, 88-9). Down to the tenth century, however, Sirāf had been the richest trading port on the Persian Gulf; it was destroyed by an earthquake in 977, and never recovered. Its site, near the modern Tahiri, 20 miles west of Gallah-Dar, has been examined by Sir Aurel Stein (202-12, with plan). Schwarz suggests that Ibn Battuta confused Sirāf with Charak, on the coast, north-east of Qais, but it is doubtful whether Chārak existed by name at that time, and the route from Khunj to Qais (Mustawfi, 176) ran not to Charak, but to Hüzü, identified by Le Strange with modern Chiru. Indeed, no major town is known to have existed at this time on the Lär coast (see the next note).139 One section of the coastal region called Irähistan is called by the Arab geographers Sif Bani'l-Saffäq; this was apparently the coast of Lar (Schwarz, II, 75-6). The Banu'l-Saffaq (or Saffaf or Saffär) were Arabs from 'Omān, long established on the coast of Fars (Bibl. Geog. Arab., I, 141). 140 This account is obviously at secondhand, since Ibn Ba??ū?a seems never to have been in the region at the pearling season, and there is a characteristic mixture of exact fact and exaggerations or misinformation in his statement. His location of the pearl beds is so vague as to be unidentifi- able, and was indeed probably as vague in his own mind. On the east shore of the Gulf the principal pearl-fisheries at this time appear to have been in the vicinity of Lar (or Lārān) Island and at Khor Shif (Aubin, JA (1953), 101), but the location of this place in turn is not precisely known. The term khôr may, however, underlie Ibn Ba??ū?a's picture of 'a calm channel like a great river'. » #357 Ibn Baṭu¯ṭah, Muh?ammad ibn ʿAbd Alla¯h, The Travels of Ibn Battuta translated with revisions and notes, from the Arabic text edited by C. Defre´mery and B. R. Sanguinetti, by H. A. R. Gibb., Hakluyt Society:Munshiram Manohardal Publishers Pvt Ltd, Cambridge:New Delhi, 1958- :1993, ~ vol. 2 pp. 407-408
SOURCE for Ssi-lien
« Ssi-lién (思?), may very likely be Siraf ( سیراف ) on the Persian Gulf, which in the ninth and Centuries was the starting-point of the Arab ships engaged in the Indian and Chinese trade. It may, however, be Shiraz. Our author makes no other reference to it. » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 117, 122 note 13
SOURCE for Suhriyaj
« what Baladhuri adds, apparently incidentally and still referring to the well-equipped fortress, and that is, that «some peoples of the Fars told him that this was the fortification (hisn) of Siraf, then called Suriyanj ( سوریانج ) by the Persians and renamed Shahriyaj by the Arabs ( شهرياج )(18). The isnad to which Baladhuri refers is a reliable isnad.
It is interesting to note that Yaqut too (in his “Geographical Dictionary”) mentions Suhriyaj ( سهرياج ) - Suriyanj ( سوریانج ); and his account repeats almost word for word the episode of the arrow and of the aman thrown into the citadel by a Moslem slave, while the troops of the caliph 'Umar were vainly besieging it. The tradition is attributed to the same Fudhayl (or Fadhil) b. Zayd al-Raqqashi mentioned by Baladhuri. But Yaqut does not link this site with Siraf, even though he concludes, « certain authors say that the old name of this citadel of Siran ( سيران , a possible corruption of Siraf?) is Suriyanj, changed by the Arabs into Suriya) One must however bear in mind that Yaqut lived between the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth, a full four centuries later than Baladhuri. »
#348 Piacentini, Valeria Fiorani, Merchants - Merchandise and Military Power in the Persian Gulf (Suriyanj/Shahriya-Siraf), Atti Della Accademia Nazionale Dei Lincei, Rome, 1992, ANL Memorie Della Classe Di Scienze Morali, Storiche E Filologiche Memorie serie IX, vol.III, fasc. 2 ~ p. 125
SOURCE for Suriyanj
see source « Suhriyaj » above
SOURCE for Taheri
« This is the sea frontier of the ancient province of Fars. This coast is a narrow land strip lying between the sea and the foothills of the Zagros Mountains,not exceeding generally a few miles in width (half a mile near Siraf/Taheri). » #2809 R. Boucharlat, J.-F. Salles, The History and Archaeology of The Gulf From The Fifth Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D.: A Review Of The Evidence, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, London, 1981 ~ p. 66
SOURCE for Tahiree
« Just below the port of Kangoon, which is immediately under this Barn Hill, is a port called Tauhree, or Tahiree, where extensive ruins are spoken of, with sculptures and inscriptions in the Persepolitan character. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 435-6
SOURCE for Tahiri
« My intention was to follow the coast-line as close as practicable up to Tahiri, the site of the old port of Siraf, which had played a very important part in the history of Persia's maritime trade during the early Islamic period. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937 ~ p. 193
« The modern village of Tahiri is a small village inhabited by fishermen, chiefly pearl-fishers, of Arab descent, 200 to 300 in number. It is an insignificant place, and has a small square fort on a little hill at the west end, which is in lat. 27' 39' 36" N., long. 52' 20' 40" E., standing on the shore of the Persian Gulf, at the foot of a range of mountains rising to a height of near 5000 feet, and running parallel to the coast. » #571 Stiffe, A. W., Ancient Trading Centres of the Persian Gulf, I. Siraf, The Geographical Journal, London, 1895 (Aug.) ~ p. 167
SOURCE for Tahrie
« Tahrie » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
SOURCE for Tari
« Tari » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Tauhree
see source for « Tahiree » above
SOURCE for Taurie
« Taurie, in lat. 27° 38' 52' N., long. 52° 16' 40" E., is a small town, situated in a bay, affording excellent shelter in a north-wester, and indifferently good in south-easters. It is inhabited by about three hun-dred and fifty Arabs of the Nussoor Tribe; affords a few supplies, and has excellent water. To the NW. of the town are very extensive ruins, said to have been a Portuguese town: if so, it must have been one of importance, from the appearance of the ruins. In many parts the rock has been excavated for residences in the hot season, and the pass in the hills appears to have been fortified in a manner much beyond the abilities of the natives, at least of the present day. Wells have been also sunk to the depth of forty or fifty fathoms, through the rock. Very high up on the hills reservoirs in ruins are very numerous. On the whole, it has all the appearance of having been a large and flourishing town. Several trading boats of various sizes belong to Taurie. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ pp. 591-2

R71-040 Warawi
R71-040 Warawi : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Varavi , Voravi , Waravi , Warawi , وراوی ,
VARIANT names: Warawi ,
SOURCE for Warawi
« protection from the Khan of Warawi enabled us to move down the valley for two marches. A two-days’ halt at his village allowed me to visit more ruins in the vicinity, including sepulchral structures for subaerial burial of a type nowhere met with before. » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 134

R71-028 Charak
R71-028 Charak : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar-e Charak , Band-e Charak , Charak , بند چارك , بندر چارک , چارک ,
VARIANT names: Casal, called Melgor , Charak , Charek , Charrak , Tchareh , Tcharek , Tsjærak ,
SOURCE for Casal, called Melgor
« The twelfth day in the morning, we came to a great Casal, called Melgor, where lyeth a Captaine called Shiagh: and here we remayned three dayes, and were in great danger of being taken slaves, but God kept us. This Casal lyeth betweene the Mountaines. The fourteenth day in the evening, wee left this wicked place, where I paid ten Larins for my part. The women here may throw their Dugs over their shoulders. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 458
[cannot confirm Melgor = Charak. PBR]
SOURCE for Charak
« One of the Shibkuh ports on the Persian Coast ; it is situated about 43 miles south-east of Shivuh and 34 miles west of Charak. Chiru has a fort and a large date-grove, and lies facing the east in a small bay formed by a low sandy projection running southwards from the main line of the Persian coast; the village is a mile north of the point of the promontory. » #660 Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1915 ~ vol. 2 p. 355
SOURCE for Charek
« we arrived at Charek, another village inhabited chiefly by fishermen, and then struck inland in a northerly direction, following up a watercourse through the mountains. » #1754 Vaughan, H. B., Journeys in Persia (1890-91), The Geographical Journal, London, 1896 (Jan.), 7:1:24-41 ~ p. 24
SOURCE for Charrak
« … the information called for by Government on the 17th February 1854, regarding the principal estates within my political control. No mention is therein made of the ports on the Persian Coast between Bushire and Bunder Abbas given below. … Ports. | Tribes. | Names of Chiefs. Charrak (with dependencies). | ….. | Shaikh Hussein bin Abdoolla. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Tchareh
« Tchareh a 400 habitants cultivateurs, commerçants, pêcheurs de perles et de poissons. Bois, charbon, céréales. [Tchareh has 400 inhabitants, farmers, traders, fishermen of pearls and fish. Wood, coal, cereals.] » #3329 R. Vadala, Le Golfe Persique, Librairie Arthur Rousseau, 1920 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Tcharek
#1839 Morgan, Jacques de, Mission scientifique en Perse Tome Second Études Géographiques, Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1895 vol. 2: ~ Fig. 140 – Tchârèk p. 297
« Tcharek » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Tsjærak
« Tsjarak » in {map#1035 Sinus Persici maximam partem ad observationes proprias A. MDCCLXV, Carsten Niebuhr, 1765, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Philosophie, histoire, sciences de l'homme, 4-O2G-7 (A) Tab: XIX p. 340}
« Charrack (the Tsjærâk of Niebuhr) exists very nearly in the same site (145), and is still the residence of an Arab Sheik.
Fn. 145 There is just ground of suspicion that Charrack, Tsjarak, Sharak, Sarak, is actually Saraf, or Siraf. See the account of this town and its commerce in Renaudot and Harris ; and the circumstance of houses built with the bones of whales. Renaud. p. 95. Eng edit.» #852 Vincent, William, The commerce and navigation of the ancients in the Indian Ocean, T. Cadell jun. and W. Davies, London, 1807 ~ vol. 1 p. 852

R71-032 Gabandi
R71-032 Gabandi : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Gabandi , Gavbandi , گاوبندی ,
VARIANT names: Gabandi , Gabendie , Gavbandi , Parsian ,
SOURCE for Gabandi
SOURCE for Gabendie
« Gabendie » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
SOURCE for Gavbandi
« In the 19th century, Kangin flourished. It was ruled by Arab shaikhs of the al-Nusür. The first member of the family to hold power at Kangān was Muhammad. He was succeeded by his son Hätim Khan and he in turn by his son Jabbirah Khän. Jabbarah's son Hasan Khân gained control of Gāvbandi, on the coast of Läristan. The road between Kangan and Gävbandi ran through the bulk of Maliki, the centre of which was Asalüych. The al-Nusür had a long-standing feud with the shaikhs of 'Asaliyeh, who belonged to the al-Haram. In 1283/1866-7 Hasan Khan was travelling from Kangān to Givbandi and stopped near ?Asalūyeh to perform his evening prayers. Here he was seized by Ibrahim, the shaikh of ?Asalūyeh, taken into the town and killed. Hasan was succeeded as ruler of Kangin and Gavbandi by his younger brother, Shaikh Madhkür. In 1284/1867-8 Madhkür assembled a force from Kangin, Galehdar and Gavbandi and, together with government troops and artillery, besieged ?Asalūyeh. The town was taken and destroyed. Shaikh Ibrahim and many of his family were killed. With the destruction of ?Asalūyeh Madhkür controlled the entire coast from Kangān to Gāvbandi -which are 120 km. apart and began to ignore instructions from the Qajar government. fn. 2 Fasai, Hajji Mirza Hasan, Tarikh-i Färsnämeh-i Nasiri, Tehran 1312-14/1894-6, Vol. II, p. 261. » #3018 Nicholas Lowick, Siraf XV: The Coins and Monumental Inscriptions, British Institute of Persian Studies, 1985 ~ p.8
SOURCE for Parsian
« The importance of the Gâvbandi-Parsian plain is shown not only by its traces of irrigated agricultural resources in plain » #3436 Pierfrancesco Callieri, Alireza Askari Chaverdi, Ali Eghra, Diego Maria Mezzapelle, Kourosh Mohammadkhani, The Dynamics of Human Settlement in Historical Times in South-Central Fars, from Firuzabad to the Persian Gulf: First Preliminary Results of a New Research Project, East and West, Rome, 2021 vol. 2 (61):no. 2:pp. 43-88 ~ p. 17

R71-037 Nauba
R71-037 Nauba : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Nauba , Nowabad , نو آباد ,
VARIANT names: Nauba , Nowabad ,
SOURCE for Nauba
« The journey to the chief’s seat at Nauba towards the head of the Gilehdar valley proved trying in parts, but also unexpectedly interesting. The route, never previously surveyed, led from the hamlet of Puzeh steeply up the rugged coastal range rising wall-like to heights close on 5000 feet. Very soon after the ascent began we came again and again upon remains of a well-made road built with large cut stones. ... At Nauba, at an elevation of some 1500 feet, we found cool air and the sight of green meadows studded with narcissus in bloom to refresh us. The young chief seemed very willing but his authority much impaired by the approach of “tribal unrest” from the north where a minor Qashqai rising was reported being dealt with by troops. This however did not prevent us from surveying a number of ruined sites in the neighbourhood. Several of them showed remains in the shape of ruined mosques, fine sculptured tombstones, decorated ceramic ware, etc., dating from the period when Siraf had flourished and when the traffic from its port must have brought prosperity also to the Gilehdar valley. » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 133
SOURCE for Nowabad

R71-036 Puzeh
R71-036 Puzeh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Poozeh , Puzeh , پزه , پوزه ,
VARIANT names: Poozeh , Puzeh ,
SOURCE for Poozeh
SOURCE for Puzeh
« The route, never previously surveyed, led from the hamlet of Puzeh steeply up the rugged coastal range rising wall-like to heights close on 5000 feet. Very soon after the ascent began we came again and again upon remains of a well-made road built with large cut stones. Over the worst bits of bare rock slope it had been carried in carefully graded serpentines; but over most of the ground it had completely disappeared. In several places we found cisterns and wellbuilt vaulted quarters for wayfarers. Whereas » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 133

R71-038 Haraj
R71-038 Haraj : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Haraj , Harj , هرج ,
VARIANT names: Haraj ,
SOURCE for Haraj
« But of much greater interest was the discovery of a low mound near the village of Haraj containing the remains of an early prehistoric, possibly neolithic, settlement. The cutting of trial trenches brought to light plenty of stone implements and a quantity of painted pottery with a great variety of monochrome geometrical patterns. Some of the ware found was of very fine fabric and showed in its decoration distinct affinity to the very early painted pottery discovered by Professor Herzfeld at an important site close to Persepolis and considered by him neolithic. Burial remains were also unearthed here. Several smaller mounds in the vicinity seem to hide similar prehistoric settlements. An interesting fortification of considerable extent, probably dating from historical times but pre-Muhammadan, was traced above Haraj on a high rocky spur flanked on either side by precipitous ravines. The position chosen for what evidently was meant to provide a temporary place of safety, curiously recalled the mountain stronghold of Zamr-i-Atash-parast surveyed by me far away on the Russian side of the uppermost Oxus. » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 133
« The exact location of this ancient city has not been known to history researchers. The oldest archeological research in the area under discussion has been carried out by Sarrol Stein. He excavated a few kilometers from this ancient city and was able to find artifacts from the pre-Islamic period at the same time as the settlement of Siraf. A place called Haraj (Haraj) is located in the eastern part of the old city of Karan. In 1933, Stein traveled its northeastern heights and reached Goledar plain, where he went from "Fal" to "Asir" without noticing the traces and remains of the old city of Karan, and excavations were carried out in "Haraj" hill. Harag] done. He writes about the age of the works found in Dasht Golehdar: decorated pottery works such as bright blue and green vessels on which reliefs and sculptures are designed and similar to the works » #3263 Vathoqi, Mohammad Baqir , Takwi, Karamatullah , Rahmani, Sadiq , Abdi Rad, Manouchehr, Detailed history of Larestan, همسایه, 2006 ~ vol. 1 p. 162

R71-041 Asalu
R71-041 Asalu : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: `Asaluyeh , Asalu , Bandar-e `Asalu , Bandar-e `Asaluyeh , بندر عسلو , بندر عسلویه , عسلويه ,
VARIANT names: Asalu , Asaluyeh , Aseeloo , Aslu , Assaloo , Asselo , Assetou , Bandar 'Aselûh , Bender-Asselou , Tsaloo ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Asalu FOR Ausinza [Gossellin],
SOURCE for Asalu
« En 1590 Gasparo Balbi mentionne « Silaù » sans le décrire. Les auteurs plus récents ne donnent Shilàu que comme un simple hâvre, marquant ainsi qu’ un nouveau degré de sa déchéance avait été franchi. I1 le fut sans doute vers la fin du XVIe siècle. L’expédition safavide qui, sous la conduite d’un ra’is Fàli partit à la conquête de Bahrain au début du XVIIe siècle, embarqua non pas à Shiliiu mais à « Bandar ‘Asalü ».[In 1590 Gasparo Balbi mentions “Silaù” without describing it. More recent authors give Shilàu only as a simple haven, thus marking that a new degree of its decline had been crossed. It was probably around the end of the 16th century. The Safavid expedition which, under the leadership of a ra’is Fàli set out to conquer Bahrain at the beginning of the 17th century, embarked not at Shiliiu but at “Bandar ‘Asalü”.] » #893 Aubin, Jean, La Survie de Shilāu et la route du Khunj-o-Fāl, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1969 7:21-37 ~ pp. 36-7
« Asalu.-Anchorage. This village is situated about one mile north-westward of the northern entrance point of Naband bay and 40 extends along the coast for a distance of about half a mile; there is a large date grove behind the village and a conspicuous though partially destroyed round tower stands on a small hillock some distance north-westward of it. Some of the inhabitants are employed in pearl fishing. A reef extends over half a mile offshore for a distance of about 3 miles north-westward of the northern entrance point of Naband bay; there are depths of 5 and 6 fathoms (9m1 and 11m0) close outside the reef which should not be approached into a depth less than 7 fathoms (12m8). Boats pass over the reef and shelter close to the village in depths rather greater than those on the reef. Anchorage off the village is open to the shamál; the holding ground is poor, and it is necessary to approach with caution as the shore reef is very steep-to. » #353 The Persian Gulf Pilot 1870 - 1932 8th edition, Archive Editions, Slough, 1989 ~ p.151
« Some boats were also taken and destroyed at the ports of Lingeh, Mughu, Asalu and Kangun for which compensation had later to be paid, as Bruce could produce no definite proof of piracy by the people of these places. (64)
fn. 64. Lorimer, op. cit., p. 669. » #6 Hawley, Donald, The Trucial States, Allen and Unwin, London, 1970 ~ p. 114
« Beyond Cape Naband is the territory of a tribe called Al Haram, who were active pearl divers. The Al Haram acquired the island of Bahrain during the first half of the eighteenth century. In the eighteenth century, their westernmost village was Shilau, while Asalu was their most important settlement. The name Asalu is already mentioned in a Dutch document of 1632 as the name of a pearlbank. On a manuscript nautical chart of the Dutch East India Company of the late seventeenth century it is mentioned as a place, together with another place of the Al Haram, Nabon. Asalu was visited in 1672 by the French traveler Carre, who gives a description of the place.(60)
fn. 60 Kniphausen’s report fol. 4-4v (=Floor, ‘Description’, pp. 168-169). Niebuhr, Beschreibung, p. 314, is very summary but on pp. 330-331 some interesting but probably not completely reliable details about the history of the A1 Haram rule over Bahrain. Carre, Travels, vol. 3, p. 832 is the most detailed early text on Asalu. VOC vol. 1113, fol. 225v. mentions Asalu as a centre of pearldivers, already in 1632. It figures on early Dutch maps: ARA VEL 220. The important place ‘Chilau’ on early Portuguese maps probably is not Shilau but Nakhilu. » #1558 Slot, B. J., The Arabs of the Gulf, 1602-1784 : an alternative approach to the early history of the Arab Gulf states and the Arab peoples of the Gulf, mainly based on sources of the Dutch East India Company, 1993 ~ p. 20
« Having settled at Nakhilu this Arab group at the same time acquired their Portuguese name, for Niquelus means, "those of Nakhilu.' Portuguese authors, of course, wrote this name in various ways such as Niquelus, Naquilus, Nihhelus, Nuqueluzes and Niquelas. The name that this Arab group gave to themselves has not been reported. It is my contention that they were part of a larger migratory movement of Arabs coming from Oman to the Persian littoral. In the 17 century this same group of Arabs was known as Hula or Hawala Arabs, meaning 'migrant Arabs'. The reason for this supposition is that in one case the Niquelus are referred to in official corre- spondence as "the Nequeluz [and those of] Asalu." As 'Asalu is a minor port on the Persian littoral and is not synonymous with Nakhilu it means that "those of Asalu" were clearly identified with the Niquelus. A similar situation existed in the 17th and 18 century when the Arabs of Asalu, were identified as Hulas and considered to be part of those of Nakhilu". » #1812 ed. Dejanirah Couto and Rui M. Loureiro, Revisiting Hormuz: Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the Early Modern Period, Harrassowitz, 2008 ~ p. 93
SOURCE for Asaluyeh
« In the 19th century, Kangin flourished. It was ruled by Arab shaikhs of the al-Nusür. The first member of the family to hold power at Kangān was Muhammad. He was succeeded by his son Hätim Khan and he in turn by his son Jabbirah Khän. Jabbarah's son Hasan Khân gained control of Gāvbandi, on the coast of Läristan. The road between Kangan and Gävbandi ran through the bulk of Maliki, the centre of which was Asalüych. The al-Nusür had a long-standing feud with the shaikhs of 'Asaliyeh, who belonged to the al-Haram. In 1283/1866-7 Hasan Khan was travelling from Kangān to Givbandi and stopped near ?Asalūyeh to perform his evening prayers. Here he was seized by Ibrahim, the shaikh of ?Asalūyeh, taken into the town and killed. Hasan was succeeded as ruler of Kangin and Gavbandi by his younger brother, Shaikh Madhkür. In 1284/1867-8 Madhkür assembled a force from Kangin, Galehdar and Gavbandi and, together with government troops and artillery, besieged ?Asalūyeh. The town was taken and destroyed. Shaikh Ibrahim and many of his family were killed. With the destruction of ?Asalūyeh Madhkür controlled the entire coast from Kangān to Gāvbandi -which are 120 km. apart and began to ignore instructions from the Qajar government.
fn. 2 Fasai, Hajji Mirza Hasan, Tarikh-i Färsnämeh-i Nasiri, Tehran 1312-14/1894-6, Vol. II, p. 261. » #3018 Nicholas Lowick, Siraf XV: The Coins and Monumental Inscriptions, British Institute of Persian Studies, 1985 ~ p.8
SOURCE for Aseeloo
« … the information called for by Government on the 17th February 1854, regarding the principal estates within my political control. No mention is therein made of the ports on the Persian Coast between Bushire and Bunder Abbas given below. … Ports. | Tribes. | Names of Chiefs. Aseeloo | Haram | Two brothers, Shaikh Abdoolla bin Khulfan and Shaikh Ahmed bin Khulfan. » #2994 ed. Robert Hughes Thomas, Historical and Other Information Connected with Place in the Persian Gulf, government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856 ~ p. 286
SOURCE for Aslu
« Aslu ('Asalu), 1 mile northwestward of the north point of Naband Bay, is an independent town with a population of about 1,000 men of Al Haram Tribe; it extends mile along the coast, and there is a large date grove behind. The people possess many small boats, and take part in the pearl fishery. A conspicuous round tower, now partially destroyed, stands on 2 small hillock about midway between Aslu and Nakhl Takki. Ves- sels should approach both these villages with caution, on account of the reef which here extends from the shore, as mentioned in the Pilot. A reef extends over mile off the coast for 3 miles northwest- ward of the north point of Naband Bay, and there are depths of 5 and 6 fathoms close outside it. Boats pass over the reef and shelter close to Aslu town, in rather more water than there is on the reef. Anchorage off the town is open to shamals. » #2772 United States Hydrographic Office, Persian Gulf Pilot: Comprising the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Omán and the Makran Coast, Hydrographic Office Publication No. 158, The Persian Gulf Pilot, Washington, 1920 ~ p. 250
SOURCE for Assaloo
« Assaloo » in {map#1153 Sketch map showing the Route taken from Bushire following the coast line to the Port of Lingah, WH Colvill, 1865, Royal Geographical Society, London: Map Room, Iran S. 121}
SOURCE for Asselo
« Friday, 29 July. My Arabs were half dead [with fright] and believed themselves lost; so, to please them, I came nearer the coast, and about ten o'clock in the morning we passed near Asselo³, of which I will speak in another place [vol. ?, ch. vi].
fn. 3 ‘Asselo’ is ‘Asalu on the north of the Naband Bay. References to it will be found in Stein, p. 200; the Persian Gulf Pilot, p 207, and Bom. Govt. Sel., XXIV, 592. » #385 ed. Fawcett, The Travels of the Abbe Carre in India and the near east 1672 to 1674, Hakluyt Society, London, 1947 ~ vol.1 pp. 95
SOURCE for Assetou
« Assetou (57 Bl : 'Asaliiyeh » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006, ~ p. 413
« Assetou » in {map#362 Carte du Golfe Persique depuis Bassora jusqu'au Cap Rasalgate, Guillaume Nicolas Delahaye D'apres De Mannevillette, 1775, Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek (Collectie Bodel Nijenhuis, Portf. 175, n° 108)} see AHduGP map 57
SOURCE for Bandar 'Aselûh
« Weiter folgt Bandar 'Aselûh, eine Araberveste mit Palmen und zahlreichen Booten für Perl- fischerei, und Nakhl-Taki am Fusse der Landmarke Sir-i-Yafal 4870 [Next comes Bandar 'Aselûh, an Arab vestment with palm trees and numerous boats for pearl fishing, and Nakhl-Taki at the foot of the Sir-i-Yafal 4870 landmark. ] » #2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890 vol. 121:issue 8: ~ p. 57
SOURCE for Bender-Asselou
« Bender-Asselou fn. 3 Résidence d'un cheykh arabe nommé Kalfan, de la tribu des Elharem. [fn. 3 Residence of an Arab sheikh named Kalfan, of the Elharem tribe.]» #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 490
SOURCE for Tsaloo
« Tsaloo » in {map#1125 The Coast from Bushire to Basadore, in the Persian Gulf, G.B. Brucks and S.B. Haines, 1828, British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3630/27, in Qatar Digital Library}

R71-036b Mirzabun
R71-036b Mirzabun : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 27.65147 long 52.540474 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Mirzabun ,
SOURCE for Mirzabun
« The descent was easy at first, leading down the open head of a valley where a ruined dwelling known as Mirzābūn was to be seen to the west. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937, ~ p. 216

R71-036c Tang-i-bedu
R71-036c Tang-i-bedu : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 27.672071 long 52.5535 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Tang-i-bedu ,
SOURCE for Tang-i-bedu
« Then a very steep track led down over step-like layers of limestone into the narrow winding gorge of Tang-i-bēdü. Large stone blocks placed to form a kind of parapet along parts of the narrow track marked its use as an old caravan route. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937, ~ p. 216

R71-036d Tawakali
R71-036d Tawakali : place IRN NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3766909 coordinate: lat 27.683862 long 52.578208 NIMA/GNS names: Tang-e Tavakkoli , Tavakkol , تنگ توکلی , توکل , VARIANT names: Tang-e Tavakkoli , Tang-e tavakkoli , Tawakali , SOURCE for Tang-e Tavakkoli SOURCE for Tang-e tavakkoli Tang-e tavakkoli [accessed 04 Feb 2025] SOURCE for Tawakali « Tebekali (called Tawakali by Stein 1937: 216) is located one kilometre beyond Tang-i Bidu. It » #3159 Siraf. History, Topography and Environment (The British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series I ):, Oxbow, Oxford, 2009 ~ p. 87 « At last, after having followed the gorge for close on 4 miles, we emerged on more open ground and from a low ridge, overlooking the date grove of Tawakali and bearing much-decayed remains of roughly built dwellings, gained our first sight of the wide Galehdār valley. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937, ~ p. 216

R71-036a Lavar-i-gul
R71-036a Lavar-i-gul : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Lavar Gol , Mantaqeh-ye Lavar Gol , لاور گل , منطقه لاور گل ,
VARIANT names: Gabr-Khanaha , Lavar Gal (G3) , Lavar Gol , Lavar-i-gul ,
SOURCE for Gabr-Khanaha
« According to Stein (1937: 215), in his day the ruins of Lavar Gol were called Gabr-Khanaha. » #3159 Siraf. History, Topography and Environment (The British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series I ):, Oxbow, Oxford, 2009 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Lavar Gal (G3)
« Lavar Gol (G3) is about two and a half farsakhs from Parak, at the end of the long ridge of Sar Gachinu. This small, circumscribed valley has numerous foundations of buildings and at least five cisterns, measuring 16 x 4 m, with rounded ends. One single-room building, made of plaster and rubble, measured 8 x 5 m, with a preserved height of 1.5 m and square corner buttresses. According to Stein (1937: 215), in his day the ruins of Lavar Gol were called Gabr-Khanaha. » #3159 Siraf. History, Topography and Environment (The British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series I ):, Oxbow, Oxford, 2009 ~ p. 87
SOURCE for Lavar Gol
SOURCE for Lavar-i-gul
« A stiff climb of some 400 feet up the limestone cliffs encircling the basin on the north brought us on the morning of January 22nd to the edge of a wide plateau known as Lavar-i-gul. From here a distant view was gained of the sea and coast-line far below, the last, I hoped, for a long time. T erraced fi elds, with plentiful scrub, showed that the plateau was cultivated in favourable seasons. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937, ~ p. 215

R71-000 Gwadar
R71-000 Gwadar : place PAK
NIMA/GNS names: Gwadar , Gwadur ,
VARIANT names: Barna , Gwadar , Gwadel , K'o-wa-ta-erh ,
SOURCE for Barna
« H4 | Barna | CH | perhaps near Gwadar PAK | RE Badara » #846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000 ~ p.34
SOURCE for Gwadar
SOURCE for Gwadel
« Gwadel [n. Kewádir.? – E.] is a large and commodious bay, something similar to Arabah, being formed by a high projecting bluff or promontory, which runs out three or four miles into the sea, aud is called Rás Nó. The town is governed by a sheikh and is built on a low sandy soil; it contains about five or six hundred inhabitants, and carries on some trade with Karáchee Maskat, aud different ports in India. » #253 Kempthorne, Lieut. G.B., Notes on a Survey along the Eastern Shores of the Persian Gulf in 1828, Royal Geographical Society, 1835, pp. 268-9
SOURCE for K'o-wa-ta-erh

R71-002 Suntsar
R71-002 Suntsar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: AREA UFI: 223503 coordinate: lat 25.3708333 long 62.0166667
NIMA/GNS names: Suntsar ,
VARIANT names: Suntsar ,
SOURCE for Suntsar

R71-003 Giti : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Gitak , Giti , گیتی ,
VARIANT names: Giti ,
SOURCE for Giti

R71-003 Chabar
R71-003 Chabar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bandar Beheshti , Chabahar , Chabahar , Chah Bahar , Chahbar , Chah-e-Bahar , چابهار , چاه بهار ,
VARIANT names: Chabahar ,
SOURCE for Chabahar
« Chahbär, situated at the entrance of the wide but shallow Chahbar bay, is a small port with a population of about 2,000, serving what scanty trade there is from the valleys in the eastern portion of Persian Makran. Its anchorage, poorly protected as it is, appears to be considered better than any other along the arid and desolate coast of the Ikhthyophagoi as far as it lies within the Persian border. No remains of early occupation are to be seen at Chahbär, but such had been reported at Tiz, a small village and harbour, some 5 miles farther on the east coast of the bay. So the first day of our brief halt at Chahbar was used for a preliminary visit to Tiz, paid by boat in the company of the local governor, a genial elderly officer from Tabriz who did not hide his dismay at having been recently exiled to this barren land. The rapid inspection we made of the Tiz valley after landing under the picturesque cliffs which line the shore near its narrow entrance (Fig. 25), showed that the site offered sufficient interest for a closer survey. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937 ~ p. 87

R71-004 Tiz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Tis , Tis , Tiz , Tiz Post , تيس , طیس ,
VARIANT names: Teez , Tis , Tíz , Tsi-ki ,
SOURCE for Teez
« To the northward of the town [Charbar - pbr] may be seen extensive ruins, supposed to indicate the site of a Portuguese settlement called Teez [n. Tíz is mentioned by Idrisi (geogr. Nubiens. P. 53), who wrote in the XIIth century.]. Scarcely one stone remains on another, so that it is almost inmpossible to make out the style of architecture; but enough remains to show that these buildings were not erected here by the natives of the coast. » #253 Kempthorne, Lieut. G.B., Notes on a Survey along the Eastern Shores of the Persian Gulf in 1828, Royal Geographical Society, 1835, p. 271
SOURCE for Tis
#848 Fraser, P. M., Cities of Alexander the Great, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996, map
SOURCE for Tíz
« A characteristic feature of the glazed graffito pottery of Tiz, as illustrated in Pl. IV, is the great range of colouring in the glaze, varying in the same piece from pale straw and yellow to brown, green, pink, or crimson, always with a mottled and patchy appearance. Side by side with this style we find a somewhat different and bolder decoration of glazed pottery attested by pieces from Tiz III, like 186, 188 A, 196-201, 274, etc. (Pl. IV). In this the fine incised designs are replaced by broad strokes. Another type illustrated by III. 242 shows dots and bands painted on with a light coloured slip. The relief decoration of unpainted pottery, of which Pl. V shows a specimen in Tiz surf. 136, was mostly produced from moulds and, as finds of moulds (Tiz III. surf. 142; II. vi. 84) show, done locally. The rarity of pottery distinctly indicating Chinese origin suggests that the port of Tiz had ceased to be much frequented by maritime trade before the import of Chinese porcelain into Persia was fully developed in Mongol times. Stone beads of manifold material and shape are found plentifully over the whole site. A collection of them was acquired and awaits expert examination. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937 ~ p. 92
SOURCE for Tsi-ki
« possibly the port of Tiz on the Makran coast and in mediavel times its chief commercial centre » #326 Chau Ju-kua (trans. Hirth, F and Rockhill, W W), His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelth and thriteenth centuries entitled Chu-fan-chi, Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1911 pp. 117, 122 note 13

R71-005 Qasrqand
R71-005 Qasrqand : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Barqan , Borgan , Qasr Qand , Qasr-e Qand ,
VARIANT names: Qasr-e Qand ,
SOURCE for Qasr-e Qand

R71-006 Geh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Geh , Keh , Nik , Nikshahr , نیکشهر ,
VARIANT names: Geh ,
SOURCE for Geh

R71-007 Bint : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bent , Bint ,
VARIANT names: Bint ,
SOURCE for Bint

R71-008 Fanuch
R71-008 Fanuch : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Fannuj , Fanuch , Fanuj , فنوج ,
VARIANT names: Fanuch ,
SOURCE for Fanuch

R71-009 Bampur
R71-009 Bampur : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bampoor , Bampur , بمپور ,
VARIANT names: Bampur , Poura , Pura ,
SOURCE for Bampur
Fraser, P. M., Cities of Alexander the Great, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996 map
SOURCE for Poura
« No conqueror could take more out of Makran than he is prepared to put in; and in view of the inhospitable nature of the country we can hardly expect the Persians to have maintained much of a presence there. In 325 B.C. Alexander came from the Indus delta and forced his way through a couple of peoples (Arabitai and Oreitai) of whom it was remarked that they had from long ago been independent, after which he spent sixty days traversing Gedrosia until he came to its ‘palace’ (i.e. satrapal centre) at Poura. In all this stretch there was no vestige of imperial authority, and we have to assume that there was no satrap in Makran east of Poura. Poura was fairly certainly on the Bampur river, and it was probably at Bampur itself rather than Fahraj (Pahra, now Iranshahr), it will thus have been not more than ten days’ march east of the centre where Alexander camped in Karmania inland from Hormuz. That Poura had been a satrapal seat from early Achaemenid times is highly prob-able because a Persepolis tablet of 500 BC records the issue of grain to the satrap of Purush (PF 681). » #250 p. 190
SOURCE for Pura
« Pura itself probably lay close to Bampur, on the Bampur river, some 150 miles inland. » (#848 Fraser, P. M., Cities of Alexander the Great, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996 p. 167 n.)

R71-010 Fahraj
R71-010 Fahraj : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Fahrej , Fehruj , Iranshahr , Qal`eh-ye Naseri , ايرانشهر ,
VARIANT names: Fahraj , Iranshahr , Pahra ,
SOURCE for Fahraj
Poura was fairly certainly on the Bampur river, and it was probably at Bampur itself rather than Fahraj (Pahra, now Iranshahr), it will thus have been not more than ten days’ march east of the centre where Alexander camped in Karmania inland from Hormuz. #250 p. 190
SOURCE for Iranshahr
SOURCE for Pahra

R71-011 Damin
R71-011 Damin : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 225557 coordinate: lat 27.3775 long 60.739722
NIMA/GNS names: Damin , دامين ,
VARIANT names: Damin ,
SOURCE for Damin

R71-012 Takkul
R71-012 Takkul : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Takol , Takol Hasan , Takol Hasan-e Bala , Takolabad , Tavakkol Abad Kahnooj , Tavakkolabad , Tavakkolabad-e Kahnuj , تکل آباد , تکل حسن , تکل حسن بالا ,
VARIANT names: Takol ,
SOURCE for Takol

R71-013 Camadi
R71-013 Camadi : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 211194 coordinate: lat 28.668 long 57.6985
NIMA/GNS names: Behjerd , Behjerd-e Pa'in , Behjerd-e Sofla , بهجرد سفلی ,
VARIANT names: Behjerd , Camadi , Daqianus-shahr , Shahr-i-Dagianus , Shehr-i-Daqianus ,
SOURCE for Behjerd
SOURCE for Camadi
« It is at this point, where the open valley ground extending unbroken to the south-west through the Jiruft trough and Bulük ends, that a point in Marco Polo's account of his journey from Kerman to Hormuz may conveniently receive notice. We have seen above that the 'city of Camadi' to which it brought him can with certainty be located at the great ruined site near Behkird at the head of Jiruft. It has long been recognized that the Venetian refers to the route leading thence through Jiruft and Bulük, where he tells us: 'The Plain of which we have spoken extends in a southerly direction for five days' journey, and then you come to another descent some twenty miles in length, where the road is very bad and full of peril, for there are many robbers and bad characters about. When you have got to the foot of this descent you find another beautiful plain called the Plain of Formosa. This extends for two days journey.' The subsequent mention of a two days' ride to the seashore and a 'city with a harbour which is called Hormos' makes it clear that Marco Polo must have reached the coast by the route which, after descending the Gulāshgird valley and crossing the Rüdkhaneh- i-duzdi, the 'Robbers' river-bed', reaches the coastal plain at Shamil probably over the pass of Nivargudär. From Minäb, where the only other route that can come into consideration debouches, the port of old Hormuz would be only half a day's journey. (6) fn. 6 See Yule, Marco Polo, i. p. 107, with abundant comments, ibid. i. pp. 111 sqq. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937, ~ p. 176
SOURCE for Daqianus-shahr
« Glazed relief ware in peacock green (like Kar. 20; Pl. XXII) is also represented as at Däqianüs-shahr, the site which, as we shall see below, was destroyed during the Mongol invasions. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937, ~ p. 146
«
At the head of the Jiruft basin there lies on an old river terrace a large ruined site, known as the "Town of Daqianus." It has long ago been recognized that it marks the chief place of Jiruft as described by Muqadassi, and other Arab geographers. Marco Polo's account of his journey from Kerman to Hormuz leaves no doubt about its identity with his "city called Camadi which formerly was a great and noble place, but now is of little consequence; for the Tartars in their incursions have several times ravaged it." The great abundance of fine pottery fragments, mostly glazed or relief-decorated, which could be picked up all over the site, bore testimony to the prosperity which the city had enjoyed. The numerous coins found at the site point to the city having flourished greatly during the period of the early Abbasid Caliphs (circ. A.D. 750-860). But some seals engraved with late Hellenistic designs I acquired there suggest that the site was occupied earlier. A brief trial excavation brought to light some good specimens of ornamented ceramic ware of Muhammadan times and confirmed Muqadassi's statement about the houses of Jiruft having been built with sun- dried bricks on stone foundations. » #831 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological Reconnaissances in Southern Persia, The Geographical Journal, London, 1934 (Feb), 83:2:119-34 ~ p. 125
SOURCE for Shahr-i-Dagianus
see arch. site 57.6805560 P1 (Shahr-i-Dagianus)
SOURCE for Shehr-i-Daqianus
« Two days' descent to Ráhjird, a village close to the ruins of old Jiruft, now called Shehr i Daqíánús ...... 2 ...
Six days' march over the "vast plain" of Jíruft and Rúdbár to Faríáb, joining the Deh Bekrí route at Kerímábád, one stage south of the Shehr-i-Daqíánús ...... 6» #1719 Schindler, General Houtum-, Notes on Marco Polo's Itinerary in Southern Persia, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1881 Oct., 490-7 ~ p. 494

R71-014 Bam : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bam , بم ,
VARIANT names: Bam ,
SOURCE for Bam
#846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000 ~ p. 34 map 3, G4, EncIran Bam co-ordinates lat 29.08 long 58.32 estimated from map
« But on the day following we effected the passage, and by a second forced march of 35 miles completed our descent, and traversed the plain country to Bam, near which place we were met by Major Lovett, R.E., Quartermaster-Sergeant Bower, R.E., and one or two of our old native attendants. » #1253 Goldsmid, F. J., Journey from Bandar Abbas to Mash-Had by Sistan, with Some Account of the Last-Named Province, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1873, 43:65-83 ~ p. 67

R71-015 Kerman
R71-015 Kerman : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Carmana , Kerman , Kirman , کرمان ,
VARIANT names: Bardasir , Carmana , Carmania Metropolis , Guwashir , Karman , Kerman , Kirman ,
SOURCE for Bardasir
« « the modern site of Kerman (Bardasir) in the north is at the earliest a foundation of Sassanid times. » » #250 Cook, J. M., The Persian Empire, Book Club Associates, London, 1983, ~ p. 186
SOURCE for Carmana
« 48. Beyond the frontier of this people Greater Carmania rises with lofty peaks, extending as far as the Indian Sea, supplied with products of the soil and fruit trees, but far inferior in fame and in extent to the lands of the Arabs; however, the country is no less rich in rivers, and equally blest with a fertile soil. 49. The rivers better known than the rest are the Sagareus, Saganis, and Hydriacus. There are also cities which, though few in number, are very rich in all that contributes to the maintenance and enjoyment of life. Conspicuous among them are Carmana, mother city of them all, Portospana, Alexandria, and Hermupolis. » #234 Ammianus Marcellinus, Ammianus Marcellinus … translated by John C. Rolfe, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1986 ~ bk. XXIII, 6 48-49
SOURCE for Carmania Metropolis
« and Arrian (Ind. 37) adds … Carmana. The latter is called by Ptolemy Metropolis and is without doubt the town now called Kirman, which gives its name to the whole province of Kirman. It was at the time of Ammianus (xxiii. 6) a place of wealth and luxury. » #840 Smith, William (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by various writers, John Murray, 2 vol., London, 1873 vol. 1, p.p. 520-1 » #229 Tarn, W.W., The Greeks in Bactria and India, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1951 p. 482
SOURCE for Guwashir
« In Sāsānid times and in early Islamic times up to the fourth/tenth century, the shahr-i Kirman, the provincial capital, was what became the early Islamic city of Sirajan, in the western part of the province and near the modern Sa'idābād. It may have been this first Sāsānid governor, Ardashir, son of Ardashir I, who laid out what was perhaps a military encampment, rather than a city, at Weh Ardashir in the northeastern part of the province (Hamzah al-Isfahani, Ta'rikh, 43), the place that became in later times Guwashir or Bardasir, provincial capital under the Büyids and, afterward, became the modern city of Kirman. See Nöldeke, trans. 10 n. 3; Le Strange, Lands, 300-301; J. Marquart, Erānsahr nach der Geographie des Ps. Moses Xorenac'i, 30; Markwart-Messina, Catalogue of the Provincial Capitals, 90; Barthold, Historical Geography, 137-38; EI2, s.v. Kirman (A. K. S. Lambton) » #3081 trans: C. E. Bosworth, The History of al-Tabari, State University of New York Press, New York, 1999 ~ fn. 31 p. 10
SOURCE for Karman
« 12th April, Karman, 6 farsaJchs ; 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. The Jupa Mountains, with their snowy summits 13,000 feet high, were a noble mark on our right, as we marched next day to Karman. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 196
SOURCE for Kerman
« the modern site of Kerman (Bardasir) in the north is at the earliest a foundation of Sassanid times. »#250 Cook, J. M., The Persian Empire, Book Club Associates, London, 1983, ~ p. 186
« From Kermán, one road appeared on the map as running to Shiráz and a second to Yezd, » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 72
« There are seven principal caravansarais-Ganj Ali Khan, Hindui, Gabri, Gulchan, Mirza Hussain Khan, Salah-i-Nazir, and Khurasani. The one where Stack lodged in 1882 he describes as the best he had seen in Persia. A space 60 yards square is surrounded by two-storied ranges of buildings which, though small, are clean, neat and comfortable. The flooring of the court-yard of the rooms and of the broad balcony on the upper storey consists of red tiles neatly laid. In the courtyard were two tanks of clean water. » #3256 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Gazetteer of Persia Vol. IV, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, 1892 ~ p. 212
SOURCE for Kirman
« KIRMAN, the name of a Persian province and of its present capital. The name goes back to the form Carmania, which is found in Strabo (xv, 2, 14), and which is said to be derived from the name of an ancient capital, Carmana (Ptolemy, Geography, vi, 8; Ammanianus Marcellinus, xxiii, 6, 48. See further Marquart, Eransahr, 30, on the name Carmania, and Browne, Lit. Hist. of Persia, i, 145, for the later popular etymology of the name). » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 5 p. 147

R71-016 Mashiz
R71-016 Mashiz : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bardesir , Bardsir , Deh-e Now-e Mashiz , Mashiz , Mshiz , Qal`eh-ye Mashiz , بردسیر ,
VARIANT names: Bardsir , Mashish , Mashiz ,
SOURCE for Bardsir
« Bardsir » in {map#1132 in #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ fig. Abb. 4 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Yazd, Kerman und Hormozgan}
SOURCE for Mashish
#1511 p. 655
SOURCE for Mashiz
« Máshiz, a village of perhaps a thousand inhabitants, is the capital of Bardsír, and the headquarters of the Kermán regiment, much of the property being owned by the Government. In the centre is a modern fort in ruins; it was seized by Ághá Khán, and apparently destroyed after his retreat to India. The name of Mashish, which appears on all maps, is erroneous. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 74

R71-017 Haidarabad
R71-017 Haidarabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Heydarabad , Khairabad , Kheir Abad , Kheyrabad , حیدر آباد ,
VARIANT names: Heydarabad ,
SOURCE for Heydarabad

R71-018 Rahbur
R71-018 Rahbur : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 29.2383333333333 long 56.85 † basis (p)
VARIANT names: Rahbur, Haus des Gouverneurs ,
SOURCE for Rahbur, Haus des Gouverneurs
« Breitenbestimmungen aus astronomischen Beobachtun- gen zwischen Kermån und Bender 'Abbas. Breite Länge Rahbur, Haus des Gouverne 29 14 18 56 51 (letzteres nach der englischen Admiralitätskarte). » #3278 A. Houtum Schindler, Reisen im südlichen Persien 1879, Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, 1881 vol. 16: pp. 307-66 ~p. 351

R71-019 Isfandaqeh
R71-019 Isfandaqeh : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Esfandageh , Esfandaqeh , Gav Koshi , Isfandaqeh , اسفندقه ,
VARIANT names: Isfandaqeh ,
SOURCE for Isfandaqeh
ref 1102 p114 map

R71-020 Buluk
R71-020 Buluk : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Biluk , Bolook , Boluk , Boluk-e Pa`in , بلوک ,
VARIANT names: Boluk , Buluk ,
SOURCE for Boluk
Times Atlas
#888 Matheson, S., Persia. An Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited, 1979 ~ p.270
#1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937 ~ p.176
SOURCE for Buluk

R71-021 Gulashgird
R71-021 Gulashgird : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Galashgerd , Golashkerd , Kolashkerd , Qulashgird ,
VARIANT names: Alexandreia , Alexandria in Carmania , Golashkerd , Gulashgird , Gulashkird , Valashgerd , Walashjird , Walishkird ,
SOURCE for Alexandreia
« From Harmozeia (Hormuz) Nearchus went inland to Alexandreia (Gulaskird), [n. (#854 Bengtson, H. and Milojcic, V., Grosser Historischer Weltatlas, Munich, 1954, 17)] » #824 Miller, J Innes, The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire, 29 BC to AD 641, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1969, p. 253
SOURCE for Alexandria in Carmania
« al-ISKANDARIYYA, the name of a great number of towns of which Alexander (al-Iskandar) was the founder, real or legendary, or for which he was chosen as eponymous protector when they were built after his death. The relevant ancient texts are listed in the Real-Encyclopaedie of Pauly-Wissowa (i, 1377-98 and Suppl., i, 54) and, in less detail, by M. Besnier, Lexique de geographie ancienne, Paris 1914, 32-4. These towns are: ... 7. Alexandria apud Oritas, on the coast of Gedrosia, near Cocala: Sonmiani, at the mouth of the Pourali. - 8. Alexandria in Macarene, in the Makran, on the river Mashkil. - 9. Alexandria in Carmania: known to the Arab geographers as Walash-djird (cf. Yakut, s.v.). » EI IV:131a
« Alexandria; "4. In Carmania, the capital of the country, now Kerman. » (Amm. Marc. xxiii. 6.) #840 vol. 1, p. 102
« We may also note that Pliny, Ptolemy, and Ammianius refer to an Alexandria in Carmania, unknown, like that of Makerene, to historians, the tradition of the Romance, and the Arab geographers. [n. Tarn, 239, accepts the Carmanian Alexandria, in the region of Hormuz (for which see his detailed study, GBI 481 ff.), as a foundation of Alexander himself, but its attestation is weak.] » #848 Fraser, P. M., Cities of Alexander the Great, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996 p. 166-7 n.
Is this "48. Beyond the frontier of this people Greater Carmania rises with lofty peaks, extending as far as the Indian Sea, supplied with products of the soil and fruit trees, but far inferior in fame and in extent to the lands of the Arabs; however, the country is no less rich in rivers, and equally blest with a fertile soil. 49. The rivers better known than the rest are the Sagareus, Saganis, and Hydriacus. There are also cities which, though few in number, are very rich in all that contributes to the maintenance and enjoyment of life. Conspicuous among them are Carmana, mother city of them all, Portospana, Alexandria, and Hermupolis. » #234 bk. XXIII, 6 48-49
SOURCE for Golashkerd
SOURCE for Gulashgird
« Its extensive stretch of date-palm groves is watered by a lively stream, which descends from the hills in the north-west and here passes through a gorge down to the group of palm-girt hamlets collectively known as Gulashgird. (5)fn. 5 Gulāshgird is mentioned by Arab geographers under the name of Walishkird, Walashjird on the road from Jiruft to Hormuz; cf. Schwarz, Iran im Mittelalter, p. 248. » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937, ~ p. 176
SOURCE for Gulashkird
« Graeco-Macedonian town on the Gulf of Ormuz » ref?
Has it got the right link name?
SOURCE for Valashgerd
« G4 | Valashgerd § [Gulashkird] | R?L | IRN | Le Strange 1905, 317 » #846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000 ~ directory map 3 Asia Occidentalis p. 39
[coordinates lat 27.97 long 57.20 estimated from map]
SOURCE for Walashjird
SOURCE for Walishkird

R71-022 Nurabad
R71-022 Nurabad : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Nurabad , نور آباد ,
VARIANT names: Nurabad ,
SOURCE for Nurabad

R71-023 Rahdar
R71-023 Rahdar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Rahdar , Rahdar , Rahdar Godar , راهدار , راهدار گدار , رهدار ,
VARIANT names: Rahdar ,
SOURCE for Rahdar
« Last night camped on a plateau about about 1800 feet near a village Rahdar. Just below us is a grassy slope leading to a little dell of palms and oleanders through which a tiny stream bubbles away. It is beautiful. » #3296 Emily Overend Lorimer, letter 'En route from Bandar Abbas to Kerman. The Village of Kishku', British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, 1912-13 ~ p. 6

R71-033 Naband
R71-033 Naband : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: CAPE UFI: -3076730 coordinate: lat 27.391179 long 52.577691
NIMA/GNS names: Cape Naband , Damagheh-ye Nay Band , Ras Naband , Ra's-e Naband , Ra's-e Nay Band , دماغه نای بند , رءس نابند , رءس نای بند , راس نابند ,
VARIANT names: Cabo de Nabam , Nabao , Nabon , Point of Vedican , promunturium THEMISTEAS , Ras Naband ,
SOURCE for Cabo de Nabam
« Die folgende Fahrt von 400 Stadien oder 25 Miles ging geraden Weges entlang der reinen Steilküste des Dahr- Asbân (oder Tarf-'Osfan) bis Râs Nâband 27° 23' 6" N. 52° 35' 15" O., Cabo de Nabam, wo Perlen geringer Qualität aus der Tiefe erholt werden, vielleicht des Plinius (§ 110) promunturium THEMISTEAS, in die 4 Miles breite, 6 Miles tiefe enseada de Nabam, welche ihren Namen von der Veste Nâband, portug. Nabam od. Nabão, erhält, [The following journey of 400 stadia or 25 miles was straight along the pure cliffs of the Dahr-Asbân (or Tarf-'Osfan) to Râs Nâband 27° 23' 6" N. 52° 35' 15" E., Cabo de Nabam , where pearls of poor quality are recovered from the depths, perhaps of Pliny's (§ 110) promunturium THEMISTEAS, into the 4 mile wide, 6 mile deep enseada de Nabam, which takes its name from the Veste Nâband, Portuguese Nabam or Nabão ,] » #2591 Wilhelm Tomaschek, Topographische Erläuterung der Küstenfahrt Nearchs vom Indus bis zum Euphrat, In Commission bei F. Tempsky, Wien, 1890, vol. 121:issue 8: ~ p. 56
SOURCE for Nabao
«Les petits havres qui desservaient le Sibküh, dont Ibn Màgid a consigné les noms, n’étaient pas, dans la première moitié du XVIe siècle, assez importants pour que Joao de Barros les cite dans sa description du Golfe Persique: « S’étend le long (de la côte) l’île de Queixome (Qishm), qui a de longueur vingt lieues, dans laquelle il y a quelques localités (Zugares) peu notables, car elle est très malsaine. De la fin de cette île jusqu’au cap appelé Nabao (Nàband), qui sera une distance de trente-six lieues, [The small harbours that served the Sibküh, whose names Ibn Màgid recorded, were not, in the first half of the 16th century, large enough for Joao de Barros to mention them in his description of the Persian Gulf: "Lengthening along (the coast) is the island of Queixome (Qishm), which is twenty leagues long, in which there are some localities (Zugares) of little note, because it is very unhealthy. From the end of this island to the cape called Nabao (Nàband), which will be a distance of thirty-six leagues,] » #898 Aubin, Jean, Le royaume d'Ormuz au début du XVIe siècle, Mare Luso-Indicum, Geneva, 1973 ~ p. 101
« Nabao » in {map#884 Atlas de Lázaro Luís FOL. 5V., Lazaro Luis, 1563, Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, atlas de dez folhas} see PMC vol. 2 EST 216 and AHduGP map 31
SOURCE for Nabon
« Upon departing from Nabon, the fleet proceeded upwards of thirty-seven miles to Gôgana, a distance which answers within a mile to the position of the modern Konkûn or Congoon, re-marked by M'Cluer for a high ground over it called Barn-hill from its appearance, and as being the northernmost town in the bay", which curves to Verdistan. » #852 Vincent, William, The commerce and navigation of the ancients in the Indian Ocean, T. Cadell jun. and W. Davies, London, 1807 ~ vol. 1 p384
SOURCE for Point of Vedican
« Along this coast we sailed for thirty-five days, with much toil and trouble. Our provision began to fail; nor could we renew it there, for all that shore is disturbed by the wanton ravages of the Portuguese fustas,(2) which commonly cruize there. When we had got to Chilao near Verdostam, a place in a sound between Point Vedican and the shoals of Kane,(3) the head wind increased and continued. So, perforce, having lost an anchor and cable, and very nearly run on the shore,(1) which was close aboard, the captain gave orders to bear away for Harmuz, and in four days we ran eighty leagues; that we had gained, with much toil, in five-and-thirty.
fn. 2 Small armed vessels, Anglice, “foists.”
fn. 3 Chilao is probably Shilu, “four miles to the westward of Tahiri” (Persian Gulf Pilot, p. 255). Bardistan is not far away, and is on all recent maps and charts. The Point of Vedican is Ras Naband, sheltering Bandar Baid Khan; and the shoals of Kane are certainly those of Ras-al-Mutaf, near whose northern end is Ras-al-Khan – not that this name matters much in their identification, which depends on position.
fn. 1 The fourth use of "dar al travez" for "to run ashore," in the Viage. » #258 Teixeira, Pedro, The Travels of Pedro Teixeira; with his Kings of Harmuz, and extracts from his Kings of Persia. Translated and annotated by W. F. Sinclair ... With further notes and an introduction by D. Ferguson., Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1902:1991 ~
SOURCE for promunturium THEMISTEAS
SOURCE for Ras Naband
fn. 1 The fourth use of "dar al travez" for "to run ashore," in the Viage. » #258 Teixeira, Pedro, The Travels of Pedro Teixeira; with his Kings of Harmuz, and extracts from his Kings of Persia. Translated and annotated by W. F. Sinclair ... With further notes and an introduction by D. Ferguson., Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1902:1991 ~ pp. 22-3
#1839 Morgan, Jacques de, Mission scientifique en Perse Tome Second Études Géographiques, Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1895 vol. 2: ~ Fig. 141. Raz Naband p. 298

R71-039 Gilehdar
R71-039 Gilehdar : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Galehdar , Galleh Dar , Gilehdar , Kaleh Dar , گله دار ,
VARIANT names: Galehdar , Galléhdar , Gillahdar , Gillahdur , Qalehdar ,
SOURCE for Galehdar
SOURCE for Galléhdar
« Ce Koran qui était aussi bien le nom d'une bourgade que celui du canton dont celle-ci était le chef-lieu, a disparu de la carte et on ne peut plus dire exactement où il se trouvait. Schwarz par exemple a pensé que le site actuel de Galléhdar pourrait correspondre à celui de Koran, mais il est possible qu'il se trouvait un peu plus à l'est, peut-être à Fal, puisqu'il était sur la route directe allant à Darabdjerd. [This Koran, which was both the name of a town and that of the canton of which it was the capital, has disappeared from the map and we can no longer say exactly where it was. Schwarz, for example, thought that the current site of Galléhdar could correspond to that of Koran, but it is possible that it was located a little further east, perhaps at Fal, since it was on the direct route going in Darabdjerd.] » #3059 K Lindberg, Voyage dans le Sud de l'Iran : carnet de route d'un me´dicin, a` la poursuite du ver de Me´dine., C.W.K. Gleerup, Lund, 1955 ~ p. 107
SOURCE for Gillahdar
« NOTE.-From Gillahdar the following roads branch off:-(1) To the sea-port Tahiri, general direction W. N., distance 17 miles.(2) To the sea-port Lingah.(3) To the Arad valley, via the Gillahdar valley and the pass called Tang-i- Khur.(4) To Dadelmezan (a village of the same size as Riz), distance 32 miles. A route known as Rah-i-Malushtur. The opening in the hills, between Kuh Faaleh and Kuh Kalamdan, by which this road passes, bears slightly north of N. W. ¾ N.(5) To Dadelmezan. An alternative route via Kuh Faaleh. Bearing of the point where this road enters the hills N. N. W. ½ W. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 94
SOURCE for Gillahdur
« Kurān könnte in Gillahdur gesucht werden, [Kurān could be sought in Gillahdur] » #1717 Schwarz, Paul, Iran im Mittelalter nach arabischen Geographen, O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, 1896 ~ p. 201
SOURCE for Qalehdar
« Qalehdar » in {map#1219 in #3109 ed. St John Simpson, Sasanian Archaeology: Settlements, Environment and Material Culture, Archaeopress Archaeology, Oxford, 2022 ~ fig. Figure 4. Satellite map of the Siraf hinterlands with the map of identified sites (after Whitcomb 2009: 78)}

R71-042 Bushire
R71-042 Bushire : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Abu Shehr , Abuschehr , Bandar Abu Shehr , Bandar Bushehr , Bandar-e Bushehr , Bouchehr , Buschir , Bushehr , Bushire , بندر بوشهر , بوشهر ,
VARIANT names: Abbeseer , Abïishehr , Abou-Chahr , Abousher , Abu Shahr , Abufchahhr , Alexandri , Antiochia in Persis , Bender-Bouchehr , Bocher , Booshuhr , Bouchyr , Bushahr , Bushehr , Bushir , Bushire , Chersonesos , Mesambria , Rev Ardeshir , Seleucia on the Erythraean Sea ,
POSSIBLE LOCATION at Bushire FOR Bascarde [Dames], POSSIBLE LOCATION at Bushire FOR Areon [Kempthorne],
SOURCE for Abbeseer
« Abbeseer (55 B) : Bushehr ? » #1939 Couto, Dejanirah, Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, and Taleghani, Mahmoud (eds.), Atlas historique du golfe Persique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Turnhout, Brepols, 2006 ~ index p. 412
« Abbeseer » in {map#1022 Persische Golf, Compiled by Jan de Marre. Published in Amsterdam by Johannes van Keulen, 1753, The Hague, Nationaal Archief, 4.VEL S6B 033 kaart(13)}
SOURCE for Abïishehr
« 22. Abushehr (Büshir), 28° 59' 7" N.B., 50° 49' 37" O.L. v. G., aan het uiteinde van een door zandbanken omringden landtong gelegen, is de voornaamste haven van Perzie, met omstr. 20 000 inw. Het werd reeds door Jaqüt in het midden der eeuw vermeld1), ook door Balbi (1586) Met Reixel = Rlshehr op Portug. kaarten (waarover lager), werd waarschijnlijk Büshir bedoeld. Van Loon heeft het als Abbeseer. Het bleef een onbeduidend plaatsje lot Nadir Shah (1688—1747) er, weinige jaren vóór zijn dood. aanving de vloot te bouwen waarmede hij hoopte zijn gezag over de geheele Golf te vestigen. Gamron, reeds vervallen door de aanhoudende onlusten gedurende den Afghaanschen inval, geraakte ook onder Nadir niet weder tot bloei, en zoowel de Nederl. als de Eng. O. I. Cie kozen achtereenvolgens andere havens voor hun bedrijf: Basra, Bender Rïg, het eiland Kharak. Ook te Büshir had onze Compagnie eenigen tijd een kantoor, maar de Engelschen, die er zich vestigden in 1764, voerden er met korte tusschenpoozen, wanneer weder Gamron of Basra de voorkeur kregen, van den aanvang af den boventoon. Nearchus landt hier en noemt het Mesambria (wellicht, meent Tom., de nabootsing van een verloren Perz. naam, b. v. madema vairiya — „wat zich te midden van den vloed bevindt", of wel naiwa-rauia — „Middag", in de beteekenis van den bestaanden naam van deze kust germsïr — heete landstreek). Hij beschrijft het als een „schiereiland met vele tuinen, waarin alle soorten van vruchtboomen groeien", hetgeen tot op zekere hoogte nog heden het geval is. Ptolemaeus heeft Chersonesos voor het schiereiland, zonder nadere aanduiding. Vincent (p. 395) meent dat de Grieken hiermede een woordelijke vertaling kunnen gegeven hebben van een reeds bestaanden oud-Perz. naam: Mesen — eiland, Ber — vasteland: Mesen-ber-ia, dat is dus omgekeerd Cherso nese. Dit heeft echter geen ingang gevonden.
I) De Morgan (Études Géograph., II, 300.) zegt ten onrechte dat Bushïr gesticht werd door Nadir Shah en hij haar Aba Chahr = Perè des cités noemde. Ook deze afleiding is betwistbaar, want Abü is een arab. en shehr het enkelvoud van een Perz. woord, waardoor de samenkoppeling dus onaannemelijk wordt. Houtum Schindler (bij Curzon, II, 231, note) vond in den Karnamek {Boek der Daden) van Ardeshïr Babekan, den eerste der Sasaniden, dat hij, vluchtende naar de kust voor de Parthen, „toen hij de zee aanschouwde God prees en daar aan een plek den naam Bokht- (= heeft verlost) Artakhshir gaf en er een tempel, aan het vuur gewijd, stichtte." De latere verkorting tot Büshir zou dan aannemelijk zijn (vgl. Bahmishlr van Bahman Ardeshir). Het is echter niet waarschijnlijk, dat deze afleiding het raadsel voor goed heeft opgelost.
[22. Abishehr (Büshir), 28° 59' 7" N., 50° 49' 37" E., situated at the extremity of a spit of land surrounded by sandbanks, is the principal port of Persia, with approx. 20 000 inh. It was already mentioned by Jaqüt in the middle of the century1), also by Balbi (1586) With Reixel = Rlshehr op Portug. cards (about which below), Büshir was probably meant. Van Loon has it as Abbeseer. It remained an insignificant place for Nadir Shah (1688-1747) a few years before his death. began to build the fleet with which he hoped to establish his authority over the entire Gulf. Gamron, already dilapidated by the continuing disturbances during the Afghan invasion, did not flourish again under Nadir either, and both the Nederl. as the Eng. O. I. Cie successively chose other ports for their company: Basra, Bender Rig, the island of Kharak. Our Company also had an office at Büshir for some time, but the English, who settled there in 1764, predominated from the outset at short intervals, when Gamron or Basra were again preferred. Nearchus lands here and calls it Mesambria (perhaps, thinks Tom., the imitation of a lost Persian name, e.g. madema vairiya — "that which is in the midst of the flood," or naiwa-rauia — "Afternoon," in the meaning of the existing name of this coast germsir — hot country). He describes it as a "peninsula with many gardens, in which all kinds of fruit trees grow," which is still the case to a certain extent today. Ptolemy has Chersonesos for the peninsula, without specifying. Vincent (p. 395) believes that the Greeks may have given a literal translation of an already existing old Persian name: Mesen — island, Ber — mainland: Mesen-ber-ia, that is the reverse Cherso nese However, this has not found acceptance.
I) De Morgan (Études Géograph., II, 300.) wrongly says that Bushir was founded by Nadir Shah and he called it Aba Chahr = Perè des cités. This derivation is also debatable, because Abu is an Arab. and shehr the singular of a Persian. word, making the combination implausible. Houtum Schindler (at Curzon, II, 231, note) found in the Karnamek (Book of Deeds) of Ardeshir Babekan, the first of the Sasanids, that, fleeing to the coast of the Parthians, "when he beheld the sea he praised God and there gave a place the name Bokht- (= has redeemed) Artakhshir and founded there a temple dedicated to the fire." The later shortening to Büshir would then be plausible (cf. Bahmishlr of Bahman Ardeshir). probably, that this derivation has solved the riddle for good.] » #2863 ed. A. Hotz, Cornelis Cornelisz Roobacker's Scheeps- Journaal Gamron-Basra (1645); De Eerste Reis Der Nederlanders door de Perzische Golf. In Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Tweede Serie, Deel Xxiv., Brill, Leiden, 1907 ~ p. 386
SOURCE for Abou-Chahr
#1839 Morgan, Jacques de, Mission scientifique en Perse Tome Second Études Géographiques, Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1895 vol. 2: ~ Fig. 142. Abou-Chahr p. 299
SOURCE for Abousher
« The same day in the evening, wee were at Abousher, which is a Castle. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 457
SOURCE for Abu Shahr
« Confident of his ability to challenge the British themselves, Shaikh Salman carried out his first direct hostile act against the British on July 18, 1765. Six of his Gallivats captured two British ships on their way from Abu Shahr to Basra, a small Company ship called Sally and the Company’s yacht. A few days later they captured Fort William (286), one of the British ships trading under Company protection. The capture of these ships marked the beginning of a long and arduous struggle between the British and Kaᶜb.
fn. 286 B.P.C., Vol. 28. Letter from Basra, Aug. 14, 1765. » #2977 Abdul Amir Amin, British Interests in the Persian Gulf 1747-1778 - thesis, University of Maryland, 1962 ~ p. 142
SOURCE for Abufchahhr
« A Ahhrán je quittois le Kaffle, avec quelques autres perſonnes, qui étoient ausſi à Cheval, et j'arrivois à la verité un peu incommodé et fatigué, mais d'ailleurs fort heureuſement à Abuſchähhr. [At Ahhrán I left the Kaffle, with some other people, who were also on horseback, and I arrived in truth a little inconvenienced and tired, but otherwise very happily at Abuſchähhr.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 148
SOURCE for Alexandri
« Alexandri: ‘From the river Rhogomanis to a peninsula 500 stadia. Opposite
this is an island called Alexandri’.(120) Bushehr.(121)
fn. 120 Schoff, Periplus of the Outer Sea (as in n. 111) 21.
fn. 121 W. Henkelman, pers. comm. » #2996 Potts, D., The islands of the XIVth Satrapy. Pp. 375-396 in Oetjen, R., ed. New perspectives in Seleucid history, archaeology and numismatics: Studies in honor of Getzel M. Cohen., Beiträge zur Altertumskunde 355, De Gruyter, 2019 ~ p. 393
SOURCE for Antiochia in Persis
#382 Potts, D.T., The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990 pp 15-6 D. T. Potts reviews the possible locations and states that the suggestion put forward by W. W. Tarn that the city was located at Bushire has been generally accepted.
SOURCE for Bender-Bouchehr
« La veille de notre départ de Bender-Bouchéhr, nous primes congé du cheykh, [The day before our departure from Bender-Bouchehr, we took leave of the sheikh,] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 52
« Bender-Bouchéhr » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 491
SOURCE for Bocher
« After an hour's talk with him, I re-embarked in my taranquaine, which is the name of the vessels that navigate the Persian Gulf (1). I followed our route with a light wind from the sea, which took us near the Persian coast. About four o'clock in the afternoon we saw Bocher [Bushire], a little town on the Persian coast of which I will speak in another place; and, in passing two leagues below it, we also saw Richer [Rishahr], which appears to be a large fortress on the seashore, built in former times by the Portuguese at the mouth of a little river (2). By it was a beach between two mountains and a village in a wood, the verdure of which was a pleasant sight from the sea. It was once inhabited and under Portuguese rule, but is now deserted except for some poor Persians and Arabs, subjects of the King of Persia. That night and the following day we continued on our way along the coast.
fn. 1 Hamilton (1, 41) calls these boats 'trankies'. As to their nature and the supposed derivation of the word, see Sir W. Foster's note (ibid., 1, 226), and Hobson-Jobson, 937, where Couto is cited as calling them 'terranquims' in 1554, and Hanway tarranquins' in 1753. Pietro della Valle (Viaggi, IV, 437; tr. Havers, 238) also speaks of the barques on the Persian Gulf called 'terrankim'.
fn. 2 This was the former fortress of the ancient town of Rishahr, mentioned by Curzon, II, 235, and Wilson, p. 74 » #385 ed. Fawcett, The Travels of the Abbe Carre in India and the near east 1672 to 1674, Hakluyt Society, London, 1947 ~ vol.1 pp. 94-5
SOURCE for Booshuhr
« I only stayed long enough in Booshuhr to enable arrangements to be made for my journey to Sheeraz, and started after a couple of days. The road to Sheeraz has been so often, and in some cases, especially by Colonel Taylor, so well described, that there remains very little to say about it. It leaves the town and proceeds over an expanse of hard sand which gradually becomes more and more wet, and it is necessary to be very careful in following the track, or else to have a guide; as off the road, one might very soon get into a quicksand. » #1795 MacGregor , Charles Metcalfe, Narrative of a Journey through the Province of Khorassan, and on the N. W. Frontier of Afghanistan in 1875, ~ vol. 1 p. 14
SOURCE for Bouchyr
« Nous faisons halte au second village, et à deux heures, après le soleil couché, nous nous remettons en route dans la compagnie d'une caravane qui se rendait comme nous à Bouchyr. [We stopped at the second village, and at two o'clock, after the sun had set, we set off again in the company of a caravan which was going, like us, to Bouchyr.] » ##3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838., Librairie Encyclopédique De Roret, Paris, 1843 ~ pt.2 p. 510
SOURCE for Bushahr
SOURCE for Bushehr
« The two principal ports of foreign trade were Masqat and Basrah through one or other of which passed the great bulk of the goods that either entered or left the Gulf. It was calculated that more than half of the Indian imports at Bushehr and Basrah and the bulk of those into Bahrain were received through Masqat; and, similarly, the goods arriving by land from Europe, Asia Minor, etc., were distributed from Basrah as a centre. Bushehr was now practically the only port of Persia, as Basrah was of Turkish Iraq; Bahrain served Hasa and Central Arabia through Zubarah and Qatif; and Masqat was almost exclusively a port of transit. Bushehr and Kuwait were sometimes used as bases from which to smuggle goods into Turkish Iraq and even across Turkish Iraq to Europe. » #660 Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1915 ~ vol. 1 pt. 1 p. 166
« Bushehr is situated at the northern end of a cigar-shaped peninsula of quaterny sandstone, about 12 miles long by 4 miles broad in the widest part, running parallel to the mainland and joined to it in the middle by a sandy plain about 20 miles wide, known as the Mashilah, which in winter more resembled a marsh. The town was a little above sea level, and until the early nineteenth century it was frequently an island, from rising tides.(3) In fact, in 1673 the town was described as being “surrounded on the west by a river, which is navigable for large boats, sand on the other side is embellished by woods and palm-groves. Most of the inhabitants are Arabs, the rest are Persians.”(4) However, already by mid-nineteenth century this flooding of the marsh was a rare occurrence, while towards the end of the century Bushehr had in fact become a peninsula.(5)
fn. 5. The origin of the name Bushehr is unclear. Popular etymology has it that the name means Abu Shahr or Father of the City, which is very doubtful. Equally doubtful is A. Houtum Schindler’s suggestion that the name is a contraction of Bokht Ardashir (Ardashir has delivered). Curzon 1892, vol. 1, p. 231; E`temad al-Saltaneh 1294-96/1877-80, vol. 1, p. 300 mentions that Bushehr sometimes became an island. For the situation in 1913, see Report on the Trade 1913-14, p. 1. » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 4
SOURCE for Bushir
« The stoney peninsula of Bushir, 130 miles north west of Siraf, is connected to the mainland by a marshy area. Some surface findings at the end of the 19th century. Then Pezard's excavations in 1910 and finally Williamson' s survey have shed some light on the history of the city . » #2809 R. Boucharlat, J.-F. Salles, The History and Archaeology of The Gulf From The Fifth Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D.: A Review Of The Evidence, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, London, 1981, Vol. 11:pp. 65-94 ~ p. 69
« Bushlr has been identified with Antioch of Persis (Ptolemy, VI, 4, 2) already mentioned in an inscription from Magnesia upon the Meander (Tarn 1951 : 270 note 11). » #2809 R. Boucharlat, J.-F. Salles, The History and Archaeology of The Gulf From The Fifth Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D.: A Review Of The Evidence, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, London, 1981, Vol. 11:pp. 65-94 ~ p. 70
SOURCE for Bushire
« Nov. 9th.-We entered the gate of Bushire at sun-rise, rode to the British factory, and, leaving our horses, went straight to the bath; after which, we walked through the dirty and sandy town, to the Resident's house. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 344
SOURCE for Chersonesos
« 22. Abïishehr (Büshir) … Hij beschrijft het als een "schiereiland met vele tuinen, waarin alle soorten van vruchtboomen groeien", hetgeen tot op zekere hoogte nog heden het geval is. Ptolemaeus heeft Chersonesos voor het schiereiland, zonder nadere aanduiding. Vincent (p. 395) meent dat de Grieken hiermede een woordelijke vertaling kunnen gegeven hebben van een reeds bestaanden oud-Perz. naam: Mesen = eiland, Ber = vasteland: Mesen-ber-ia, dat is dus omgekeerd Cherso nese. Dit heeft echter geen ingang gevonden. [22. Abïishehr (Büshir) ... He describes it as a "peninsula with many gardens, in which grow all kinds of fruit trees", which to some extent is still the case today. Ptolemy has Chersonesos for the peninsula, without further designation. Vincent (p. 395) believes that the Greeks could have given a literal translation of an already existing old Persian name: Mesen = island, Ber = mainland: Mesen-ber-ia, which is Chersonese in reverse. However, this has not found acceptance. ] » #2863 ed. A. Hotz, Cornelis Cornelisz Roobacker's Scheeps- Journaal Gamron-Basra (1645); De Eerste Reis Der Nederlanders door de Perzische Golf. In Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Tweede Serie, Deel Xxiv., Brill, Leiden, 1907, ~ pp. 386-7
SOURCE for Mesambria
« ‘In this passage they had followed the winding of the coast round a peninsula, (on which they saw plantations and gardens, with all kinds of fruit-trees,) and anchored at a place called Mesambria.'* This, therefore, could be only descriptive of the peninsula of Bushire, to the northward of which this station is to be sought for. * Voyage of Nearchus, c. 39. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971 ~
SOURCE for Rev Ardeshir
« Finally, Bushir is certainly the Sasanian Rev Ardeshir (Whitehouse
and Williamson 1973: 40-2 ). It is an important foundation of Ardeahir I
(22 4-242 ) on t he Coast, which emphasises, if needed, the Sasanian kings'
interest in supervising the Gulf trade (Tabari, in Noldeke 1879: 19) .
Rev Ardeshir was the diocesan centre of the Christian archbishop of Fars,
created in 415 / 420 , but Christians were already numerous in 341 when
Shapur II persecuted them (Fiey 1969: 182; 1974: 283-4) . » #2809 R. Boucharlat, J.-F. Salles, The History and Archaeology of The Gulf From The Fifth Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D.: A Review Of The Evidence, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, London, 1981, Vol. 11:pp. 65-94 ~
SOURCE for Seleucia on the Erythraean Sea
#382 Potts, D.T., The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990 pp 15-6 Potts reviews the possible locations and states that the suggestion put forward by W. W. Tarn that the city was located at Bushire has been generally accepted.

R70-025 Haftavan @ 025 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Haft Tavan , Haftavan , Hafteh Van , Haftovan , Haftun , Haftvan , هفت توان , هفتوان , هفتون ,
VARIANT names: Haftavan , Haftawan ,
SOURCE for Haftavan
« Haftavan » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ Abb. 5 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Bushehr und Fars p.10
« According to the information I collected in Khunj in 1953, the busiest track then was that leading from Khunj to Gavbandi, via Hanganu (small qal'a 3 km east of Haftavan; » #893 Aubin, Jean, La Survie de Shilāu et la route du Khunj-o-Fāl, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1969, 7:21-37 ~ p. 28
SOURCE for Haftawan
« and at 13 miles enters the village of Haftawan, situated one mile east of K. Ding on the northern side of the valley, which is here about 7 miles in breadth. Altitude above sea, 2,489 feet. The place consists of about 50 houses of mats or mud and stone, and a tumble down mud and stone fort with a high tower over the gateway. It also possesses a grove of date trees, and a cistern full of good water. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1888 ~ p. 20

R70-076 dam @ 076 : place IRN
VARIANT names: cistern KM015 ,
SOURCE for cistern KM015
« Bei KM 015 und 016 lagen Zisternen des lang-rechteckigen Typs (Tafel 30, 1) mit Spitztonnen-Überdachung am Wege, wie man sie an vielen Stellen Irans findet. Meist gehören sie in ihrer jetzigen Form den letzten Jahrhunderten an (11). fn. 11 Gaube, H., Arragan, Taf. III. [At KM 015 and 016, cisterns of the long rectangular type (Plate 30, 1) with pointed barrel roofs were located along the road, as can be found in many places in Iran. In their current form, they mostly date from the last few centuries (11). fn. 11 Gaube, H., Arragan, Plate III.] » #3262 Gaube, Heinz, Im Hinterland von Siraf. Das Tal von Galledar/Fal und seine Nachbargebiete : (Tafeln 30-37)., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1980 vol. 13:pp. 149-166 ~ p. 153

R70-174 Sargah @ 174 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chah Sargahi , Chah Sargahi , Chah-e Sahargahi , Chah-e Sar Gahi , Sargaya , چاه سرگاهی ,
VARIANT names: Sargaya ,
SOURCE for Sargaya

R70-188 Fal @ 188 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Fal , Fall , فال ,
VARIANT names: Bal and Pal , Fal ,
SOURCE for Bal and Pal
« 8 Barros (op. cité) dit que, même de son temps, les rois de Hormuz payaiont "à la mosquée qui se trouvaitsüans le district Hogez Sheik Danial, près la ville de Lar". Hongez pourrait bion être soit, comme le suggère Sinclair (op. cité p. 163) une corruption du mot person khônigah (= monastère), seit simplement Hujrah (= collulo). Ou faut-il considérer ceci comme une erreur de copiste qui aurait oublié la lettre V (et), séparant les deux mots Khonj et Bal = Pal = Fal. En effet nous avons les deux villes célèbres de Khonj (persan ancion Khong (coin isolé, endroit désolé) et Pål (porsan an- cion Pal) toutes deux placées dans cette région. (Cf Fasaï op. cité p.197). [8 Barros (op. cit.) says that even in his time the kings of Hormuz paid "at the mosque which was in the district Hogez Sheik Danial, near the city of Lar". Hongez could well be either, as Sinclair suggests (op. cit. p. 163) a corruption of the word person khônigah (= monastery), or simply Hujrah (= collulo). Or should we consider this as a copyist's error who forgot the letter V (and), separating the two words Khonj and Bal = Pal = Fal. Indeed we have the two famous cities of Khonj (Persian ancion Khong (isolated corner, desolate place) and Pål (Porsan ancion Pal) both located in this region. (Cf. Fasaï op. cit. p. 197).] » #233 Faroughy, Abbas, Histoire du Royaume de Hormuz depuis son origine jusqu'a son incorporation dans l'empire persan des Safavis en 1622, Bruxelles, 1949, ~ p. 41
SOURCE for Fal
«De l'emploi du nom de Fål, une lettre de Rashid al-Din offre un cas remarquable, Le conseiller des Ilkhana énumère une série de ports et de districts côtiers qui le fournissent de produits exotiques, dont Fål et la principauté de Qais (mulk-i Kish)." Puisque le bourg de Fål n'est pas au bord de la mer, le mot s'applique ici à un territoire, selon toute vraisemblance à la partie littorale du Fal située à l'ouest de la principauté de Qais; de sorte qu'il est hautement probable que c'est par Shilâu que Fal reçoit l'ambre gris et le bois d'aigle destinés à Rashid al-Din, et que le nom de Fål est en équivalence de celui de Sirâf.
C'est à la lumière de cette substitution du nom de Fål à celui de Siraf qu'il faut interpréter Yäqüt lorqu'il écrit qu'on passe par Fål pour aller de Shiraz à Ormuz: "Fål est un gros village semblable à une ville, aux confint méridionaux du Fårs, près des côtes. On y passe quand on va à Ormuz et à Qais, sur la route de Huzi."(16) Sur la foi de ce passage, on a émis l'hypothèse que Fål médiéval était située beaucoup plus au sud-est que Fäl moderne.(17) Bien que Yāqūt réfère à Fål en temps que bourg, il faut entendre qu'on passe non par Fäl, - qui n'est pas une des étapes de la route de Huzu, la liste desquelles est transmise par le Nuzhat al-qulüb, (18) mais par le Fäl, district qui, au temps de Yāqūt, s'étend loin vers l'est. Le Sirāf, nous le savons par Muqaddasi, géographe attentif à respecter les divisions adminis- tratives, allait jusqu'à la frontière du Kirman, couvrant ainsi toute la région des garmsirāt du Färs qui formera ultérieurement la façade côtière du Lāristan. (19) C'est donc dire que la route de Shirāz à Huzū et à Qais traversait le territoire de l'ancien Siraf, qui a pris le nom de Fäl lorsque Yaqut recueille ses informations. Dans les textes du XIVe siècle, le nom de Fäl est employé pour désigner en fait l'arrière-pays de la côte de Qais. Il figure le plus souvent dans une expression composée où il est associé, non point au nom de Sirāf/Shilāu, qu'il a recouvert, mais à celui d'une autre bourgade, ou d'un autre canton, pareillement inconnu des textes d'époque bouyide, Khunj. C'est le Khunjubāl familier des lecteurs des voyages de Ibn Battū?a. (20) Cette gémination signifie que Khunj a connu entre le XIIe et le XIVe siècle, un essor
fn. 16 Yaqut, Mu'jam al-buldan, IV, p. 846
fn. 17 K. Lindberg, Voyage dans le Sud de l'Iran, carnet de route d'un médecin à la poursuite du ver de Médine (Lund 1955), p. 252.
fn. 18 Cf. infra, note 61.
fn. 19 En effet Muqaddasi, éd. BGA, p. 52 et p. 422, compte parmi les mudun qui dépendent de Sirāf les deux ports de Sūru, face au Kirman, et de Zirabad (connu ensuite sous le nom de Lashtan).
fn. 20 Pour les différentes formes du terme chez Ibn Battuta, cf. I. Hrbek, "The chronology of Ibn Battuta's travels", Archiv Orientální XXX (1962), p. 449. Nous employons systématique- ment ici la forme Khunj-o-Fål de préférence à la forme locale Hung-o-Pal.
[Of the use of the name Fål, a letter from Rashid al-Din offers a remarkable case. The Ilkhana advisor lists a series of ports and coastal districts which supply him with exotic products, including Fål and the principality of Qais (mulk -i Kish)." Since the town of Fål is not by the sea, the word applies here to a territory, in all likelihood to the coastal part of Fal located to the west of the principality of Qais so that it is highly probable that it is through Shilâu that Fal receives the ambergris and eagle wood intended for Rashid al-Din, and that the name of Fål is equivalent to that of Sirâf.
It is in the light of this substitution of the name of Fål for that of Siraf that Yäqüt must be interpreted when he writes that one passes through Fål to go from Shiraz to Hormuz: "Fål is a large village similar to a town , on the southern borders of Fårs, near the coast. We pass there when we go to Hormuz and Qais, on the road to Huzi."(16) On the basis of this passage, it has been hypothesized that medieval Fål was located much further south-east than modern Fäl.(17) Although Yāqūt refers to Fål as a town, it should be understood that we do not pass through Fäl, - which is not one of the stages of the road to Huzu , the list of which is transmitted by the Nuzhat al-qulüb, (18) but by the Fäl, a district which, in the time of Yāqūt, extended far to the east. The Sirāf, we know from Muqaddasi, a geographer careful to respect administrative divisions, went as far as the border of Kirman, thus covering the entire garmsirāt region of Färs which would later form the coastal frontage of Lāristan. (19) This therefore means that the road from Shirāz to Huzū and to Qais crossed the territory of the former Siraf, which took the name of Fäl when Yaqut collected his information. In 14th century texts, the name Fäl is used to actually designate the hinterland of the Qais coast. It appears most often in a compound expression where it is associated, not with the name of Sirāf/Shilāu, which it covered, but with that of another town, or another canton, similarly unknown in the texts of Buyid period, Khunj. This is the Khunjubāl familiar to readers of Ibn Battū?a's travels. (20) This gemination means that Khunj experienced a boom between the 12th and 14th centuries.
fn. 17 K. Lindberg, Journey to the South of Iran, a doctor's travelogue in pursuit of the Medina worm (Lund 1955), p. 252.
fn. 18 See below, note 61.
fn. 19 Indeed Muqaddasi, ed. BGA, p. 52 and p. 422, counts among the mudun which depend on Sirāf the two ports of Sūru, facing Kirman, and of Zirabad (later known as Lashtan).
fn. 20 For the different forms of the term in Ibn Battuta, cf. I. Hrbek, "The chronology of Ibn Battuta's travels", Archiv Orientální XXX (1962), p. 449. We systematically use here the form Khunj-o-Fål in preference to the local form Hung-o-Pal.
#893 Aubin, Jean, La Survie de Shilāu et la route du Khunj-o-Fāl, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1969, 7:21-37 ~ pp. 22-3

R70-220 Mohur @ 220 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mehr , Mohr , Mohur , Mohur-i- Saiyidan , Mur , مهر ,
VARIANT names: Mohr , Mohur ,
SOURCE for Mohr
SOURCE for Mohur
« Next day, after marching 7 miles, we passed the village of Mohur, which holds some hundred families of Saiyyids and is situated where a spur descending from the south causes the valley to contract. The immunity of the village from local disturbances, due to the holy descent of its inhabitants, was reflected by the greater extent and better cultivation of its lands. Mohur is the last village counted as being within the Galehdar tract, and a conspicuous watch tower on the end of the spur to the south marks the boundary towards WarawL » #1693 Stein, Sir M. Aurel, Archaeological reconnaissances in north-western India and south-eastern Irān, Macmillan and Co., London, 1937, ~ p. 226

R70-226 Saderre @ 226 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Sadara , Sadereh , صادره ,
VARIANT names: Sadara ,
SOURCE for Sadara

R70-258 Tormu @ 258 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Tarman , Tarman , Terman , Torman , ترمان ,
VARIANT names: Tarman ,
SOURCE for Tarman
« and Tel Qala Tarman related to the early to late Islamic centuries. located in the center of Terman village under registration number 32632 » at link92

R70-273 Lamerd @ 273 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Lamard , Lamerd , لامرد ,
VARIANT names: Lamard ,
SOURCE for Lamard

R70-303 Pangaru @ 303 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Pangaru , Pangroo , پنگرو ,
VARIANT names: Pangaru ,
SOURCE for Pangaru

R70-335 Tang-e Hiyal @ 335
R70-335 Tang-e Hiyal @ 335 : place IRN
VARIANT names: Tang-e Hiyal @ 335 ,
SOURCE for Tang-e Hiyal @ 335
« Beyond this plain the path rises steeply, then descends even more steeply to about two km over 300 m, and flows at KM 335 into the Tang-e Hiyal, where a gravel road (after days a gravel road again!) leads between the over 1000 m high Küh-e Bücir and Fallin-Küh, to Rustäq and from there on to Bandar-e Carak on the Persian Gulf. » #3262 Gaube, Heinz, Im Hinterland von Siraf. Das Tal von Galledar/Fal und seine Nachbargebiete : (Tafeln 30-37)., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1980 vol. 13:pp. 149-166 ~ p. 161

R70-050 Zangu @ 050 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Zangi Mameh , Zangooyeh , Zangu , Zangu Mameh , Zanguye , Zanguyeh , زنگویه ,
VARIANT names: Zangu Mameh , Zangur Mama ,
SOURCE for Zangu Mameh
SOURCE for Zangur Mama
« Zangur Mama » in {map#1172 Index Map to routes in Persia vol. IV part II., , 1922, [?308r] (1/2), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, f 308, in Qatar Digital Library fig. Index Map to routes in Persia vol. IV part II.}

R70-085 Burne @ 085 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bowrneh , Burneh , بورنه ,
VARIANT names: Bowrneh , Burneh ,
SOURCE for Bowrneh
SOURCE for Burneh
« At 4 miles we pass the village and fort of Burneh, containing about 30 houses of mud and stone, besides gardens and a large irrigation well. The fort has a high tower or castle at one end. Inhabitants, roughly estimated, about 200. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1888 ~ p. 18
« At 4 miles we pass the village and fort of Burneh, containing about 30 houses of mud and stone, besides a garden and a large irrigation well. The fort has a high tower or castle at one end. Inhabitants, about 200. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 97

R70-107 garden complex @ 107
R70-107 garden complex @ 107 : place IRN
VARIANT names: garden complex @ 107 ,
SOURCE for garden complex @ 107
[no place name given - description used for Route 70 stage 107. PBR]

R70-176 Dorí Cah-ye Bidu @176
R70-176 Dorí Cah-ye Bidu @176 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chah Bidoo , Chah Bidu , Chah-e Bidu , Chah-i-Bidu , چاه بیدو ,
VARIANT names: Chah Bidoo ,
SOURCE for Chah Bidoo

R70-173 Sargah @ 173 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Qal eh-ye Sarkeh , Qal`eh Sargah , Qal`eh-ye Saga , Qal`eh-ye Sargah , Sargah , سرگاه , قلعه سرگاه ,
VARIANT names: Kaaleh Sageh , Kaleh Sageh , Qal`eh Sargah ,
SOURCE for Kaaleh Sageh
« At 11 miles 6 furlongs the village of Kaaleh Sageh. Many houses in ruins; 70 to 80 only inhabited, built of mud and stone, surrounding a fort of similar construction. Date trees are scattered around, about the village, and among the ruins. At the south-east end of the village is a large irrigation well, water good for drinking, but very slightly brackish. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1888 ~ p. 14
SOURCE for Kaleh Sageh
« At 11 miles 6 furlongs the village of Kaleh Sageh. Many houses in ruins; 70 to 80 only inhabited, built of mud and stone, surrounding a fort of similar construction. Date trees are scattered around, about the village, and among the ruins. At the S.-E. end of the village is a large irrigation well, water good for drinking but very slightly brackish. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 186
SOURCE for Qal`eh Sargah

R70-182 Galledar @ 182 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Galehdar , Galleh Dar , Gilehdar , Kaleh Dar , گله دار ,
VARIANT names: Galehdar , Galléhdar , Gillahdar , Gillahdur , Qalehdar ,
SOURCE for Galehdar
SOURCE for Galléhdar
« Ce Koran qui était aussi bien le nom d'une bourgade que celui du canton dont celle-ci était le chef-lieu, a disparu de la carte et on ne peut plus dire exactement où il se trouvait. Schwarz par exemple a pensé que le site actuel de Galléhdar pourrait correspondre à celui de Koran, mais il est possible qu'il se trouvait un peu plus à l'est, peut-être à Fal, puisqu'il était sur la route directe allant à Darabdjerd. [This Koran, which was both the name of a town and that of the canton of which it was the capital, has disappeared from the map and we can no longer say exactly where it was. Schwarz, for example, thought that the current site of Galléhdar could correspond to that of Koran, but it is possible that it was located a little further east, perhaps at Fal, since it was on the direct route going in Darabdjerd.] » #3059 K Lindberg, Voyage dans le Sud de l'Iran : carnet de route d'un me´dicin, a` la poursuite du ver de Me´dine., C.W.K. Gleerup, Lund, 1955 ~ p. 107
SOURCE for Gillahdar
« NOTE.-From Gillahdar the following roads branch off:-(1) To the sea-port Tahiri, general direction W. N., distance 17 miles.(2) To the sea-port Lingah.(3) To the Arad valley, via the Gillahdar valley and the pass called Tang-i- Khur.(4) To Dadelmezan (a village of the same size as Riz), distance 32 miles. A route known as Rah-i-Malushtur. The opening in the hills, between Kuh Faaleh and Kuh Kalamdan, by which this road passes, bears slightly north of N. W. ¾ N.(5) To Dadelmezan. An alternative route via Kuh Faaleh. Bearing of the point where this road enters the hills N. N. W. ½ W. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 94
SOURCE for Gillahdur
« Kurān könnte in Gillahdur gesucht werden, [Kurān could be sought in Gillahdur] » #1717 Schwarz, Paul, Iran im Mittelalter nach arabischen Geographen, O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, 1896 ~ p. 201
SOURCE for Qalehdar
« Qalehdar » in {map#1219 in #3109 ed. St John Simpson, Sasanian Archaeology: Settlements, Environment and Material Culture, Archaeopress Archaeology, Oxford, 2022 ~ fig. Figure 4. Satellite map of the Siraf hinterlands with the map of identified sites (after Whitcomb 2009: 78)}

R70-112 nomad cemetery @ 112 ?
R70-112 nomad cemetery @ 112 ? : place IRN
VARIANT names: nomad cemetery @ 112 ,
SOURCE for nomad cemetery @ 112
[no place name given - description used for Route 70 stage 112. PBR]

R70-216 Qal`e-ye Seyyed @ 216
R70-216 Qal`e-ye Seyyed @ 216 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Qal`eh Saiyid , Qal`eh-ye Seyyed , Seyyed , قلعه سید ,
VARIANT names: Qal`eh Saiyid ,
SOURCE for Qal`eh Saiyid

R70-269 Ziyarat @269 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Mahalleh-ye Ziarat , Ziarat , Ziyarat , زیارت , محله زیارت ,
VARIANT names: Ziarat ,
SOURCE for Ziarat

R70-256 Birket Mahbani @ 256
R70-256 Birket Mahbani @ 256 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Berkeh-ye Mah Banu , برکه ماه بانو ,
VARIANT names: Berkeh-ye Mah Banu ,
SOURCE for Berkeh-ye Mah Banu

R70-292 Cah-ye Nou @292 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6005009 coordinate: lat 27.289355 long 53.309885
NIMA/GNS names: Chah Now , Chah Now-ye Deh Sheykh , Chah Now-ye Sofla , Chah-i-Nau , چاه نو , چاه نو ده شيخ ,
VARIANT names: Chah-i-Nau ,
SOURCE for Chah-i-Nau

R70-129 Qal'e @ 129 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Bal Bali , Baleli , Baleyli , Balili , بل بلی ,
VARIANT names: Baleli ,
SOURCE for Baleli

R70-266 Hagg Aböl @ 266 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Chah Hajji Abul , Mahalleh-ye Chah Hajji Abul , چاه حاجی ابول , محله چاه حاجی ابول ,
VARIANT names: Chah Hajji Abul ,
SOURCE for Chah Hajji Abul

R70-315 tall water mill @ 315
R70-315 tall water mill @ 315 : place IRN
VARIANT names: tall water mill @ 315 ,
SOURCE for tall water mill @ 315
[no place name given - description used for Route 70 stage 315. PBR]
« One km further on, on the east bank of the river, there is a tall water mill at KM 315 » #3262 Gaube, Heinz, Im Hinterland von Siraf. Das Tal von Galledar/Fal und seine Nachbargebiete : (Tafeln 30-37)., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1980 vol. 13:pp. 149-166 ~ p. 160

R70-316.5 palm oasis @ 316.5 : place IRN
VARIANT names: palm oasis @ 316.5 ,
SOURCE for palm oasis @ 316.5
[no place name given - description used for Route 70 stage 316.5. PBR]
« ), from which irrigation channels lead to a palm oasis with about the same abandoned houses at KM 316.5. » #3262 Gaube, Heinz, Im Hinterland von Siraf. Das Tal von Galledar/Fal und seine Nachbargebiete : (Tafeln 30-37)., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1980 vol. 13:pp. 149-166 ~ p. 160

R70-316 dam @ 316 : place IRN
VARIANT names: dam @ 316 ,
SOURCE for dam @ 316
« and at KM 316 a beautiful dam remains (Taf. 37, 3), from which irrigation channels » #3262 Gaube, Heinz, Im Hinterland von Siraf. Das Tal von Galledar/Fal und seine Nachbargebiete : (Tafeln 30-37)., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1980 vol. 13:pp. 149-166 ~ p. 160

R70-319 Lavarhast @ 319
R70-319 Lavarhast @ 319 : place IRN
NIMA/GNS names: Lavar Khesht , Lavar Khesht-e Shomali , Lavar-e Khasht , لاور خشت , لاور خشت شمالی ,
VARIANT names: Lavar-e Khasht ,
SOURCE for Lavar-e Khasht